Biological / Physical Anthropology Unit 2
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Biological / Physical Anthropology
Unit 2
Biological Anthropology
Biological Anthropology seeks to understand the role of biology in understanding human culture
Biologic Anthropology
Biological anthropologists seek to answer two sets of questions:
The first deal with where humans (Homo sapiens) come from (human paleontology).
Biological Anthropology
The second set of questions deals with how and why contemporary human populations differ biologically ( human variation)
The Evolution of EvolutionCarlos Linnaeus
KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenus
Species
The Evolution of EvolutionLinnaeus placed humans, apes, and monkeys in the same order (primates).
The Evolution of Evolution
Natural Selection
Charles Darwin developed the theory of Natural Selection. Natural selection is a process that increases the frequency of adaptive traits thought time.
Darwin rejected the theory that species were created in one fixed form. He believed natural selection influenced evolution.
Natural Selection
Darwin published The Origin of Species in 1859.
Natural Selection
Natural selection increases adaptive traits relative to the environment
Adaptive traits are those that increase an organisms chances of survival.
What is adaptive in one environment is maladaptive in another (i.e. gills).
Evolution
Evolution and natural selection act on populations not individual animals.
Natural Selection
Three things are needed for natural selection to take place:
1.Variation2.Heritability3.Differential reproductive success
Heredity
Gregor Mendel
Heredity
Mendel identified that some traits are dominant and others are recessive.
Heredity
Genotype- an organism’s genetic make up
Phenotype – an organism's physical appearance
Genotype or Phenotype?
Genotype or Phenotype?
Genotype or Phenotype?
Genotype or Phenotype?
Genotype or Phenotype?
Do Now- What are your thoughts about the following museum in Kentucky? (4 Lines)
Remember
The allele of a gene pair that is always expressed is Dominant
Adaptation can occur culturally or biologically
One issue that was never in doubt at the Scopes Trial was the theory of Evolution
Genes
Genes are the chemical unit of heredity.
Genes are contained inside Chromosomes.
Chromosomes are paired rod-shaped structures within a cell’s nucleus.
Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
Do NowWhat do you think would happen if your DNA randomly changed?
Genes
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule in the genes that directs an organism’s make up.
The bases that compose DNA always occur in the same pairs:Adenine with ThymineGuanine and CytosineAdenine and Uracil (in RNA)
Genes
Genes
Mitosis – cell reproduction
Meiosis – sex cell reproduction
Sources of Variability
Sources of Variability
Mutation – a change in the DNA sequence that produces an altered gene.
Sources of Variability
Sources of Variability
Sources of Variability
Genetic Recombination- the varied distribution of traits from parent to child
Sources of Variability
Genetic drift – the various random process that affect gene frequencies in small isolated populations.
Sources of Variability
Gene flow – the process by which genes pass from one population to another
Origin of Species
A species can reproduce viable offspring.
Speciation is the development of new species
Natural selection and behaiviorSociobiology – interested in social behavior.
Behavioral ecology – interested in how behavior is related to the environment.
Evolutionary psychology – interested in how evolution influenced human behavior.
Homework- Due Monday
Type 3- State the cases for and against evolution using your notes in class. (10 Sentences)
Related Documents
