Unit 11

Unit 11: Things that changed the world

Make true sentences from the chart

Answers

Champagne is made in France

Whisky is made in Scotland

Rice is grown in Japan and China

Roll Royce cars are made in England Nikon cameras are made in Japan

Coffee is grown in Brazil

Pineapples are grown in Hawaii

From the above examples draw out form

Champagne is made in France S + tobe PII (V past participle)

Nikon cameras are made in JapanS + tobe PII(V past participle)

Grammar: Passive Voice

Be + Verb in Past Participle (PII)1. Form

Present: am/is/arePast: was/were

Regular VerbsIrregular Verbs

Perfect: been

The past participle of regular verbs ends in -ed. Ex: learned, dancedThere are many common irregular verbs. See the following list.

FORM OF PASSIVETense Active voice

1. Present Simple 2. Present Continuous3. Past Simple4. Past continuous5. Present perfect6. Simple future7. Be going to8. Modal verbs

S + V (s,es) + OS + am/is/are +V-ing + O S + Ved + OS + was/were+ V-ing + OS + have/has + PII + OS + will/shall+ V + OS + be going to + V + OS + modal verb + V + O

Tense

O + am/is/are + PII + (by S)O + am/is/are + being + PIIO + was/were + PIIO + was/were + being + PIIO + have/has + been + PIIO + will/shall + be + PIIO + be going to + be + PIIO + modal verb + be + PII

Active: Shakespeare wrote

Passive: was written by Shakespeare

Hamlet

Object

Hamlet

Subject

Remark two following sentences:

Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.

ActivePassive

The Object of an active voice becomes the Subject of a passive voice. Notice the use of “by” in the passive sentence.

2. Usage

The passive is not another way of expressing the same sentence in the active. We choose active or passive depending on what we are more interested in.

Hamlet was written in 1600. (We are more interest in Hamlet)

Shakespeare wrote comedies, histories and tragedies. (We are more interest in Shakespeare)

NOTENOTES

Notes Có thể bỏ by me, by him, by her, by it, by us,

by you, by them, by someone, by somebody, by people trong câu bị động nếu không muốn nêu rõ nguyên nhân, hoặc không thấy quan trọng.

Nếu động từ chủ động có 2 tân ngữ thì 1 trong 2 tân ngữ có thể dùng làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động. Tuy nhiên tân ngữ về người được sử dụng nhiều hơn

Ex: I’m writing her a letter She is being written a letter A letter is being written to herNhững V thường có 2 tân ngữ: ask, tell, give,

send, show, teach, pay, offer

1. Somebody calls the president everyday.2. John is calling the other members.3. Martha was delivering the documents

to the department.4. My mother has received a letter.5. Students should buy new books.6. Somebody will call Mr. Watson tonight.7. Columbus discovered America.8. Police is going to knock down this house.9. The post sent her the information.10.They will show you where to sit.

1. The president is called everyday.2. The other members are being called by

John.3. The documents was being delivered to

the department by Martha.4. A letter has been received by my

mother.5. New books should be bought by

students.6. Mr. Watson will be called tonight.7. America was discovered by Columbus.8. This house is going to be knocked

down.9. She was sent the information by the

post.10.You will be shown where to sit.

Have/get: The clause following have or get may be active or passive.

Subject + have + Object + verb in simple form

(any tense) (usually person)

Subject + get + Object + verb in infinitive (any tense) (usually person)

Subject + have + Object + verb in past participle

get (usually thing)

ACTIVE

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

Mary had John wash the car. (John washed the car)Mary got John to wash the car. (John washed the car)Mary got the car washed. (The car was washed by somebody)Mary had the car washed. (The car was washed by somebody)

Make: Make can be followed only by a clause in the active voice. It is stronger than have or get. It means force.

Subject + make + Object + verb in simple form

(any tense)

The robber made the teller give him the money.(The robber forced the teller to give him the money.) The teller was made to give the robber the money.

The teacher always makes him stay in their seats.George made her son be quiet in the theatre.I have made Jane call her friend on the telephone.

ACTIVE

Object + to be + make in past participle + verb in infinitivePASSIVE

He is always made to stay in their seats by the teacher.George’s son was made to be quiet in the theatre.Jane has been made to call her friend on the telephone.

Verbs of opinion, for example, think, consider, know, believe, understand, say, report, suppose, are put into the passive in two ways.

Subject + Verbs of Opinion + that + ClauseACTIVE

Subject + be + Verbs of Opinion in Past participle + V in infinitive

to have + PIIPASSIVE

It + be + Verbs of Opinion in Past participle + that + clause

People think that he is a clever man.

People know that he was in Nam Dinh for many years.

He is thought to be a clever man.It is thought that he is a clever man.He is known to have been in ND for...It is known that he was in ND for...

1. Alice had her car repaired by a mechanic.

2. Ellen got Marvin to type her writing.

3. We got our house painted last week.

4. Maria is getting her hair cut tomorrow.

5. The teacher made him leave the room.

6. He is making his son cry.7. People said that he could swim

across this river.8. He is believed to be the most

famous doctor.9. For a long time, the earth was

believed to be flat.10.They say that early Egyptian

and Greek sailors used carrier pigeons.

1. Alice had a mechanic repair her car.2. Ellen got her writing typed by Marvin.3. We got them to paint our house last

week.4. Maria is getting him to cut her hair

tomorrow.5. He was made to leave the room by the

teacher.6. His son is being made to cry.7. He was said to be able to swim

across...It was said that he could swim across…

8. People believe that he is the most…It is believed that he is the most…

9. For a long time, people believed that the earth was flat.For a long time, it was believed that the earth was flat.

10. It is said that early Egyptian and Greek sailor…Early Egyptian and Greek is said to have used…

What changed the world?

Coca-cola Hamburger

Chewing gum

Sugar cane

Tobacco

Cotton

SOLD WORLDWIDE

To go better with:To be given the name

as Coca-ColaTo be kept secretTo be drunk into the

twenty-first century

1 gallon = 4.5 litres1.6 billion gallons =

7.2 billion litres

1. False. 1.6 billion gallons are sold every year2. False. But it is drunk in over 160 countries3. True4. False. It is over 100 years old

Answers

Ex1/86

Practice: Active and Passive1. Complete these sentences

grow

stole

have sold

Did make

was invented

have been built

will be produced

wasn’t invented

were made

becamegrew

was given

called

preferred

were bought

opened

have been opened

are eaten

II. Vocabulary

Verbs and nouns that go together

Cross an unsuitable noun

Verbs and nouns that go together

grow

Carry

tell

give

Lose

Keep

Bananas

Rice

A beard

Five centimetersCargo

A briefcase

A gun

passengersA story

A joke

The truth

A lie

Advice

A party

A lift

informationWeight

Money

The way

The matchThe peace

The change

A secret

A promise

Complete the sentences with the correct verbs

Ex.3-89

1._____ hello to your parents from me when you see them.

2.I was late for work because I _______ the bus.

3.This is my grandfather’s watch. He ____ it every day until he died.

4.I ____ just ___ a good idea. Let’s eat out tonight.

5.My uncle _______ 500 on the stock exchange.

6.We _____ a complaint to the manager because our meal was so bad.

Say

missed

wore

have hadearned

made

iii. Reading and speakingThree plants that changed the world

Sugar cane

Tobacco Cotton

Match plants with suitable words

A cotton plant: soil, fabric, silk, plantation, slaves, luxury, harvestA tobacco plant: addict, soil, plantation, lung cancer, luxury, chain-smoke, inhale, ban, chew, harvestA sugar cane plant: addict, soil, plantation, slaves, luxury, sweeten, refine

Ex.3-90

Tobacco

American Indians

Read and translate into Vietnamese

AddictSoil plantation lung cancer luxury chain-smoke inhale banChewharvest

SUGAR CANE

Columbus Europeans Slaves

Read and translate into Vietnamese addict soil plantation slaves

luxury sweeten refine

COTTON

Slaves in American

South

Read and translate into Vietnamese

soil fabric silk plantation

slaves luxury harvest

Listening and SpeakingListening and SpeakingThe world’s most common habit: The world’s most common habit:

chewing gumchewing gum

Do you ever chew gum? how often?

Discuss these questions

1. Who often chews gums? Who never chews gum?

2. When or Where do you chew gum?3. Where do you put it when it has lost its

flavour ( huong vi)

You are going to listen to a radio program about chewing gum

Pre-listening: new words

Skeleton (n): bo xuong

Honey (n): mat ngot To hire (v):thue To fresh (the breath):

lam trong lanh

To wrap (v): boc Billboard: bien bao Tree sap (n): nhua

cay Packet (n): tui

Tick true (T) or (F)

1. One million tons of gum is chewed every year.

2. Chewing gum was invented in Sweden3. Chewing gum was found in the mouth

of a nine thousand-year-old skeleton4. The first gum was made of tree sap

and sugar

F. 100,000 tons is chewedT

T

F. It was made of tree sap and honey

Tick true (T) or (F)

5. Babies are born wanting to chew gum

6. The ancient Greeks believed chewing gum was good for health

F. They are born wanting just to chew

T

7. South American Indians made the first packets of chewing gum

8. Chewing gum was taken to North American by the English

F. The North American Indians gave it to the English

T. However, the gum was wrapped in leaves, so it wasn’t a packet in the modern sense

Listen to part two of the Listen to part two of the programme. Answer the questionsprogramme. Answer the questions

1. Who was William Wrigley?

2. What did he do to advertise chewing gum?

3. When did chewing gum become popular outside the USA?

4. What is today’s chewing gum made of?

1. He was a salesman, a business and advertising genius who popularized chewing gum.

2. He hired “the Wrigley girls” to walk up and down in the street handing out gum, and had huge electrics signs and billboards

3. After the Second War World4. “got any gum, Chum?”5. It’s a secret recipe

Ex5/92

Everyday EnglishNOTICES:Biển báo

Match notices with signals1. a bank or a post office2. a petrol station3. a broken drinks machine4. a road in a town5. an airport6. a pub7. the Underground8. a park9. a zoo10. a hotel11. a railway station12. a public toilet13. a motorway

a. Departureb. Out of orderc. Premium unleaded 95d. Under 18s will not be servede. Feeding of animals prohibited

Penalty £50f. Security notice: for security notice

reasons please keep all your language with you at all times

g. This room is ready to be cleanedh. Engagedi. Northern line/ this station j. Please keep off the grassk. One wayl. Please queue herem. Services 5m & 25 m

1

32

4

5

6

111210

9

7

13

8

7. the Underground

3. a broken drinks machine2. A petrol

station

6. A pub

5. an airport

11. A railway station

12. A public toilet

10. A hotel

1. A bank or a post office

13. A motorway

8. A park 4. A road in a town

Listen to 5 conversations. Listen to 5 conversations. Where are the people?Where are the people?

1. Farther and child in a car, probably on the motorway

2. Customer and Clerk in a post office3. Customer and shop assistant in a petrol

station4. At a railway station5. In a pub

Ex2/93

Thank you for your listening