Unit 10-Human Body Chapter 36 Skeletal, Muscular & Integumentary System.

Unit 10-Human Body

Chapter 36

Skeletal, Muscular & Integumentary System

Functions of the Skeleton

• Support

• Protect

• Attach muscles

• Store minerals

• Produce blood cells

206 Bones:

Axial skeletonincludes skull, ribs & vertebra

Appendicularincludes bones of

arms, legs andgirdles

Joints• point where 2 bones meet

• Immovable

• Slightly movable

• Freely movable:– Ball & socket– Hinge– Pivot– Saddle

Muscular System

Muscle types

• Cardiac =– located only

in heart

• Involuntary movement

• Striated, uni-nuclear, branched

Muscle types

• Skeletal =– Attached to bones– Ex: pectoralis major

• Voluntary movement• Striated,

multinuclear, extremely

long

Muscle types

• Smooth =– Make up hollow

organs– Ex: stomach, iris

• Involuntary movement

• Not striated, uninuclear, spindle-shaped

Muscle Vocabulary

• Ligaments = attach bone to bone

• Tendons = attach muscle to bone or another muscle

• Flexion = movement that bends joints (ex: biceps)

• Extension = movement that straightens joints (ex: triceps)

• Muscle fibers (cells) are composed of myofibrils…Myofibrils are made up of small filaments

• Thick filaments are called myosin and thin filaments are called actin

• A muscle contracts when the thin filaments slide over the thick filaments

Integumentary system

• Functions:• Protect• Receive stimuli• Regulate

temperature• Produce

vitamin D

Layers of skin:• Epidermis

– thin “dead” layer for waterproofing

• Dermis – thick layer containing

vessels, nerves, muscle, glands, and hair follicles

• Hypodermis (subcutaneous) – contains mostly fat for

insulation