Unit 10 classification

Bellringer: Monday, March 17, 2014

What is the name of this animal?

a. Puma

b. Cougar

c. Mountain lion

d. Panther

All of the above…these are

common names for the same

animal.

Objective

• We will define and recognize the importance of taxonomy

Anticipatory Set

What is the impact of having misleading names?

Anticipatory Set

To avoid confusion caused by regional names, biologists use a

classification system to group organisms in an organized and

logical manner and to assign names.

What is taxonomy?

•It’s the science of naming and classifying organisms.

What is Classification?

It’s the grouping of objects or information on the basis

of similarities.

The classification system:• Domain Dear

• Kingdom King

• Phylum Philip

• Class came

• Order over

• Family from

• Genus Great

• Species Spain

Hierarchical Classification

• Taxonomic categories• Kingdom includes all the

phyla

• Phylum includes all the classes

• Class includes all the orders

• Order includes all the families

• Family includes all the genera

• Genus includes all the species

• Species

Each level is

called a taxon

Human Classification• Domain Eukarya• Kingdom Animalia• Phylum Chordata• Class Mammalia• Order Primates• Family Hominidae• Genus Homo• Species sapiens

Work with your partner to create your own pneumonic for remembering the levels of classification:

• D

• K

• P

• C

• O

• F

• G

• S

Carl Linnaeus

• a.k.a. Father of Taxonomy

• Linnaeus developed the two-word naming system…binomial nomenclature.

Binomial Nomenclature

•Two-word naming system (scientific name)• Bi means 2/nomial means name

•Written in Latin•1st word represents Genus

• Written capitalized, underlined or Italicized•2nd word represents Species

• Written lower Case, underlined or Italicized

Venus mercenary(genus)

clam

Lower caseCapitalized

(species)

dogMountain lionfox

wolf

What are some ways these

animals are similar and what are

some ways they are different?

All belong to the same Kingdom: Animalia

Same phylum: Chordata

Same class: Mammalia

Same order: Carnivora

Dog, wolf, fox all belong to the same family: Canidae

Dog and wolf belong to same genus: Canis

Dog and wolf are different species

Dogs of different “breeds” all belong to the same species

Canis familiaris; therefore all can mate and produce fertile offspring.

According to the table, at what level does the domestic cat diverge from the ferret? (diverge means break away from)

Classification of Representative Mammals

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Common Name

Animalia

Chordata

Mammalia

Cetacea

Mysticeti

Balenopora

physalus

Blue Whale

Animalia Animalia

Chordata Chordata

Mammalia Mammalia

Carnivora Carnivora

Mustelidae Felidae

Mustela Felis

furo catus

Ferret Domestic cat

How many levels of classification do all three animals share?

Classification of Representative Mammals

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Common Name

Animalia

Chordata

Mammalia

Cetacea

Mysticeti

Balenopora

physalus

Blue Whale

Animalia Animalia

Chordata Chordata

Mammalia Mammalia

Carnivora Carnivora

Mustelidae Felidae

Mustela Felis

furo catus

Ferret Domestic cat

Mustela africana is closely related to which of the following mammals?

Classification of Representative Mammals

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Common Name

Animalia

Chordata

Mammalia

Cetacea

Mysticeti

Balenopora

physalus

Blue Whale

Animalia Animalia

Chordata Chordata

Mammalia Mammalia

Carnivora Carnivora

Mustelidae Felidae

Mustela Felis

furo catus

Ferret Domestic cat

The most general group that an organism can belong to is its —A genusB classC familyD kingdom

Binomial Nomenclature

•Practice using binomial nomenclature by writing your first and last name correctly.

•Also, write the first and last name of 2 friends in class correctly.

Binomial Nomenclature

• Trade with the person next to you

• Grade their samples of their binomial nomenclature

• Provide feedback if they need more work

The classification of shoes• Create a flow map to categorize shoes

shoes

boots

heelsathletic

flats

sandals

basketball runningcleats

pointy

rounded

Flip flops

slides

stilettowedge

Knee high

calf

Independent Practice

• Complete the worksheet provided. You have 10 minutes

Product

What would happen if there was not a taxonomic system for classifying organisms?

Explain your answer in complete sentences.

Bellringer: Tuesday, March 18, 2014

Which of the following is

the correct scientific

name of this organism?

a.equus caballus

b.Black stallion

c.Equus caballus

d.horse

Bacteria

Bacteria

Objective

• We will identify and compare the characteristics of Kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.

Domains and Kingdoms

BacteriaArchaea Eukarya

BacteriaArchae Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia

The three-domain system

The six-kingdom system

Vocabulary

1. Multicellular – many cells

2. Unicellular – one cell

3. Prokaryote- no nucleus

4. Eukaryote- has a nucleus

5. Autotroph – makes its own food

6. Heterotroph – consumes (takes in) food

7. Sexual – male and female make a different offspring

8. Asexual – not sexual, identical copy

9. Decomposer- breaks down dead stuff

10. Chitin- in cell wall of fungi

11. Motile - moves

12. Sessile – doesn’t move

Kingdom Archaebacteria

• The OLD bacteria

• Live in extreme habitats

• Unicellular

• Prokaryotic

• Heterotrophic and chemotrophic

• Asexual

Examples of Archaebacteria:

1. methanogens-produce methane: found in intestines and sewage plants

2. halophiles-love and live and salt

3. thermophiles-love and live in extreme temperatures

Kingdom Archaebacteria• Archaebacteria can live deep

in the ocean near geothermal vents called black smokers

• There is no light, so they carry out chemosynthesis instead of photosynthesis

Kingdom Eubacteria

• The NEW bacteria

• Live in a wide variety of habitats, including other organisms

• Unicellular

• Prokaryotic

• Heterotrophic, autotrophic, and chemotrophic

• Asexual

Examples of Eubacteria:

1. cyanobacteria-blue/green bacteria that chloroplasts evolved from

2. good bacteria-probiotics

3. bad bacteria-strep, staph, chlamydia

Guided practice- create a booklet

• Number each page at the bottom right corner (front and back)

• Create a cover for your 6 kingdoms booklet (pg 1)

• On page 2 do the following:• Write “Kingdom Archaebacteria” at the top• Include the characteristics from your chart for this kingdom

• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction• Give a description and draw a picture for each example

• Methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles• Describe this kingdom in your own words

• On page 3 do the following:• Write “Kingdom Eubacteria” at the top• Include the characteristics from your chart for this kingdom

• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction• Give a description and draw a picture for each example

• Cyanobacteria, good bacteria, bad bacteria• Describe this kingdom in your own words

Product

Compare and contrast the characteristics of the kingdoms archaebacteria and eubacteria

Bellringer: Wednesday, March 19, 2014

Explain the similarities and differences between the kingdoms

archaebacteria and eubacteria

Objective

• We will identify and compare the characteristics of Kingdoms Protista and Fungi

Protists and Fungi

Protists and Fungi

Domains and Kingdoms

BacteriaArchaea Eukarya

BacteriaArchae Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia

The three-domain system

The six-kingdom system

Kingdom Protista

• The “leftover” group

• Similar to bacteria but are very complex

• Eukaryotic

• Mostly unicellular

• Autotrophic and heterotrophic

• Asexual

Examples of Protists:

1. ameobas (animal like): use psuedoposdia “fake feet” for movement. All aquatic

2. algae (plant like): the green stuff

3. slime molds (fungi like):

4. euglena (bacteria-like): use flagella and have an “eye”

Kingdom Fungi

• Eukaryotic

• Most are multicellular

• Heterotrophic (decomposers)

• Cell walls made of chitin

• Do NOT move. Live on or in their food.

• Nutrients absorbed after extracellular digestion

• Asexual• spores

Examples of Fungi:

mildew

Bread mold

Shelf or bracket fungi

YEASTMushrooms

Mildew

Ringworm

Athlete’s foot

Guided practice- create a booklet

• On page 4 do the following:• Write “Kingdom Protista” at the top• Include the characteristics from your chart for this

kingdom• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction

• Give a description and draw a picture for each example• Euglena, amoeba, slime molds, algae

• Describe this kingdom in your own words

• On page 5 do the following:• Write “Kingdom Fungi” at the top• Include the characteristics from your chart for this

kingdom• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction

• Give a description and draw a picture for each example• Mushroom, yeast, mildew

• Describe this kingdom in your own words

Product

Compare and contrast the characteristics of the kingdoms Protista and Fungi

Bellringer: Thursday, March 20, 2014

Explain the similarities and differences between the

kingdoms Protista and Fungi

Objective

• We will identify and compare the characteristics of Kingdoms Plantae and Animalia

Plants and Animals

Domains and Kingdoms

BacteriaArchaea Eukarya

BacteriaArchae Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia

The three-domain system

The six-kingdom system

Kingdom Plantae

• Eukaryotic

• Multicellular

• Autotrophic

• Cell wall

• Sexual

Examples of Plants:

Kingdom PlantaeALL PLANTS –mosses, ferns, gymnospsssserms, Angiosperms

Kingdom Animalia

• Eukaryotic

• Multicellular

• Heterotrophic

• No cell walls

• sexual

Examples of Animalia: 9 phyla

1. porifera (sponges)2. cnidaria (jellyfish)3. Platyhelminthes (flatworms)4. nematoda (roundworms)5. annelida (segmented worms)6. arthropoda (insects and crustaceans)7. Mollusca (shell fish and octopus)8. Echinodermata (star fish)9. chordata (fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, mammals US!)

Kingdom Animalia

Coral snake

Sponge

Flatworm

Octopus

Jellyfish

Bear

Worms, sponges, sea urchins,Invertebrates, vertebrates

What should go in the two unknown boxes? Explain why your answer is the best.

Guided practice- create a booklet

• On page 6 do the following:• Write “Kingdom Plantae” at the top• Include the characteristics from your chart for this kingdom

• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction

• Give a description and draw a picture for each example• Mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms

• Describe this kingdom in your own words

• On page 7 do the following:• Write “Kingdom Animalia” at the top• Include the characteristics from your chart for this kingdom

• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction

• Give a description and draw a picture for each example• Porifera, cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, nematoda, annelida, Mollusca,Echinodermata, arthropoda, chordata

• Describe this kingdom in your own words

Product

Compare and contrast the characteristics of the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia

Bellringer: Friday, March 21, 2014

The organisms below are in the kingdom Animalia because --

A. they are all prokaryotic.

B. they all have a cell wall.

C. they are all unicellular.

D. they are all heterotrophs.

Use complete sentences to explain your answer

Candy classification1A. CANDY IS CHEWY…………………………………………… go to 21B. CANDY IS HARD……………………………………………… go to 7

2A. CANDY IS WRAPPED………………………………………… go to 32B. CANDY IS NOT WRAPPED………………………………….. Ursa gummus

3A. CANDY IS ROUNDED………………………………………… go to 43B. CANDY IS NOT ROUNDED………………………………….. go to 5

4A. WRAPPER IS ALL WHITE……………………………………Saltus taffinia4B. WRAPPER IS NOT WHITE…………………………………… go to 5

5A. WRAPPER IS BROWN AND WHITE…………………………Tutus rollus5B. WRAPPER IS NOT BROWN AND WHITE………………….. Go to 6

6A. WRAPPER IS SILVER………………………………………….Chocolatus cyssan6B. WRAPPER VARIES IN COLOR………………………………Steorra explodus

7A. CANDY IS SPHERICAL(ball shaped)…………………………. go to 87B. CANDY IS NOT SPHERICAL………………………………….. go to 9

8A. CANDY IS WRAPPED…………………………………………… go to 118B. CANDY IS UNWRAPPED……………………………………….. Sweetus tartus

9A. WRAPPER IS TRANSPARENT(see through)…………………… go to 109B. WRAPPER TELLS THE FLAVOR………………………………. Joyous rancheria

10A. WRAPPER IS CLEAR…………………………………………….Mintus stripus10B. WRAPPER IS YELLOW………………………………………….Ranunculus scotchus

11A. CANDY IS ON A STICK…………………………………………. Moronus moronus11B. CANDY IS NOT ON A STICK……………………………………Sperus combustus

Objective

• We will categorize organisms using a dichotomous key

What is a dichotomous key

• It is a tool used to determine the identity of an organism

• Usually asks yes or no questions

How do you use a Dichotomous Key

• Always gives you two choices

• Examine your organism and determine which of the 2 choices it fits the best

• Follow the steps

• Keep classifying until you get to the genus and species of the organism

Guided practiceStation 1: Kingdom Archae

1. 2.

3. 4.

Station 2: Kingdom Bacteria

1. 2.

3. 4.

Station 3: Kingdom Protista

Station 4: Kingdom Fungi

Station 5: Kingdom Plantae

Station 6: Kingdom Animalia

Product

What phylum should this animal be classified under? Explain why your answer is correct.

Bellringer: Monday, March 24, 2014

Arthropods are joint-legged animals. Spiders, crabs, pill bugs,

centipedes, and millipedes are examples of the many types of

arthropods. Which of these arthropods are most closely related?

A. Arthropods of the same family

B. Arthropods of the same class

C. Arthropods of the same genus

D. Arthropods of the same species.

Use complete sentences to explain your answer.

The Kardashian Family Tree

Objective

• We will categorize organisms using cladograms and phylogenetic trees

What is a cladogram

• Shows similarities among species

What is a phylogenetic tree

• Shows evolutionary relationships

Where would these phones be placed on the cladogram?

Product

Bellringer: Tuesday, March 25, 2014

Objective

• We will take the classification unit exam.

Product

Why do scientists use a common classification system?