UNIT 10 Chapter 29 – The Great War WORLD WAR I
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UNIT 10Chapter 29 – The Great War
WORLD WAR I
CHAPTER 29The Great War, 1914–1918
Several factors lead to World War I, a conflict that devastates Europe and has a major impact on the world.
Allied soldiers climbing over trenches on first day of the costly Battle of the Somme
(July 1, 1916).
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
SECTION 4
Marching Toward War
Europe Plunges into War
A Global Conflict
A Flawed Peace
OBJECTIVESCORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the causes and
effects of World War I.
Objective 10.2: Describe the military events that developed on the Western and Eastern fronts.
Objective 10.3: Analyze the how the conflict goes global and the Allies push to victory.
Objective 10.4: Identify the effects of the Versailles treaty on European powers.
THEME: At the beginning of the 20th century, a terrible war begins in Europe that will claim over 8 million lives.
CAUSES OF WWI
History.com video http://
www.history.com/videos/causes-of-world-war-i
Chapter 29 SECTION 2 – EUROPE PLUNGES INTO WAR
One European nation after another is drawn into a large and industrialized war that results in
many casualties.
WAR BEGINS
Armies on the March Russia moves troops to its borders with Austria and Germany Germany declares war on Russia, quickly attacks France Great Britain declares war on Germany
Nations Take Sides By mid-August 1914, two sides at war throughout Europe:
Central Powers — Germany, Austria-Hungary (and other nations)
Allies — Britain, France, Russia (and other nations)
However, by September 1914, the war had reached a stalemate, a situation in which neither side is able to gain an advantage.
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DOWN!
The War in Europe, 1914–1918
STALEMATE
Western Front — heavy battle zone in northern FranceSchlieffen Plan — German plan to defeat France, then fight
Russia With the Schlieffen Plan, Germany nearly takes Paris
Germany forced to retreat at First Battle of the Marne Schlieffen Plan fails; Germany has to fight two-front war
The schlieffen plan
NEW WEAPONS
Neither soldiers nor officers were prepared for the new, highly efficient killing machines (ex – machine guns) used in World War I. Machine guns, hand grenades, artillery shells, and poison gas
killed thousands of soldiers who left their trenches to attack the enemy.
New weapons only lead to more deaths
Massive losses for both sides at 1916 battles of Verdun and Somme Verdun (Feb. 1916): 600,000 die for Germans to gain 4 miles of land
New Weaponry dramatically increases death totals: Poison Gas, Machine Guns, Tanks, Submarines
FlameThrowers
FlameThrowers
GrenadeLaunchersGrenade
Launchers
Poison Gas
Poison Gas
Machine Gun
Machine Gun
TRENCH WARFARE
Conflict descends into trench warfare — armies fighting from trenches (ditches dug into the ground) Battles result in many deaths, small land gains Life in trenches is miserable, difficult, unsanitary
German Trenches
NO MAN’S LAND
Opposing trenches were separated by an empty “no man’s land.” This describes the area of land between two enemy trench
systems to which neither side wished to move openly or to seize due to fear of being attacked by the enemy in the process.
Small gains in land resulted in huge numbers of human casualties.
FAST FACTS: LIFE IN THE TRENCHES
What was life like in a trench?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8HmPNgOC2Q
Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
STRUCTURE OF TRENCHES
Structure and Conditions of Trenches
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FvYIIuxh2kY
THE EASTERN FRONT
Early Fighting Eastern Front — site of main fighting along the German-
Russian border Russians push into Austria and Germany, but soon forced to
retreat
Russia Struggles Russia’s war effort suffering by 1916; many casualties, few
supplies Huge size of Russian army keeps it a formidable force prevents Germany from sending more troops to the Western
Front
WRITE THIS
DOWN!
The War in Europe, 1914–1918
War in Europe—Assessment
What is a stalemate?
(A) When countries come together to make treaties outlawing war
(B) a new style of war that uses new technologies like poison gas
(C) a type of warfare fought in underground ditches
(D) a situation in which neither side is able to gain an advantage
Which of these is best describes the eastern front?
(A) German plan to defeat France, then fight Russia
(B) heavy battle zone in northern France
(C) site of main fighting along the German-Russian border
(D) a situation in which neither side is able to gain an advantage
War in Europe—Assessment
What is a stalemate?
(A) When countries come together to make treaties outlawing war
(B) a new style of war that uses new technologies like poison gas
(C) a type of warfare fought in underground ditches
(D) a situation in which neither side is able to gain an advantage
Which of these is best describes the eastern front?
(A) German plan to defeat France, then fight Russia
(B) heavy battle zone in northern France
(C) site of main fighting along the German-Russian border
(D) a situation in which neither side is able to gain an advantage
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