Unit 1: the Science of Life Ch. 2: Features of Life & the Cell Ch. 30 Populations & Communities (selected sections)
Jan 17, 2016
Unit 1: the Science of Life
Ch. 2: Features of Life & the Cell
Ch. 30 Populations & Communities
(selected sections)
WHAT IS BIOLOGY???
What do biologists study???• Do they all study the same thing?
http://www.keweenawnow.com/news/audubon_03_02/images/janet_audubon1.jpg
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://armandfrasco.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/arp2c.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.moleskinerie.com/2006/06/tom_fricke_anth.html&usg=__y3iVJbR3BR8N5yP8icmuDdS5o-Y=&h=244&w=350&sz=55&hl=en&start=2&zoom=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=Be4yQaEwUETH2M:&tbnh=84&tbnw=120&prev=/images%3Fq%3Danthropologist%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://blogs.panda.org/coral_triangle/files/2009/07/_dsc5137.jpg&imgrefurl=http://blogs.panda.org/coral_triangle/2009/07/15/wwf-malaysia-in-kudat-banggi-priority-conservation-area/&usg=__OfUaJjyofRtWfvYf93uULaOQaBE=&h=300&w=450&sz=55&hl=en&start=71&zoom=1&tbnid=YaZI-rTFBfWZbM:&tbnh=162&tbnw=206&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmarine%2Bbiologist%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1259%26bih%3D815%26tbs%3Disch:10%2C1834&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=114&vpy=393&dur=1311&hovh=183&hovw=275&tx=150&ty=138&ei=IvB-TIaRJ4KClAel6KjtAw&oei=2e9-TMOBCsH98AaEkO3SAw&esq=6&page=4&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:71&biw=1259&bih=815
What is an organism?
http://www.bigelow.org/bacteria/kingdom_2.jpg
Living vs. Non-living•How do we know?
http://www.animationlibrary.com/animation/25626/Fire_burns/http://www.animationlibrary.com/animation/18709/Dolphin_in_frame/
1. Living things are organized
• What is the smallest (basic) unit of life?
• What is the largest unit of organization?
2. Living things respond to stimuli
• What is a stimulus?
• Why is responding to stimuli so important?
Plants Responding to Light
3. Living things maintain homeostasis• What is homeostasis?
– Examples• body temperature
• CO2 level in blood
4. Living things grow• Both living & non-living things can grow….
–How is it different?
• What is the difference between growth & development?
& develop
5. Living things reproduce• What is the “goal” of reproduction?
• Biogenesis theory– “Like produces like…”
• What does this mean?
• Asexual vs. sexual reproduction
• Does every member of a species need to reproduce? Why or why not?
6. Living things have adaptations & evolve• What is an adaptation?
• Over time, beneficial adaptations are “selected for” & the population or species __evolve____________…
• Individual organisms do not evolve!!!
• Evolution explains the diversity of life.
• Pepper Moth “Game” http://www.techapps.net/interactives/pepperMoths.swf
• Principles of Natural Selection "Interactive"
• What is energy?
• Why is (chemical) energy needed?
7. Living things need energy
http://psych.fullerton.edu/mbirnbaum/psych466/CSW/growth-chart.jpghttp://www.irishcatholicdoctors.com/documents/images/CouplewithbabyWORD.jpg
http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20031112/a228_2194.running.jpg
Where do organisms get energy?• Almost all the energy
organisms use comes from the sun!!!– What type of organisms
make their own food using the sun?
• examples
– What process do they use to make food (sugars)?
• What is the equation for photosynthesis?
• Where is the energy is stored?
Where do organisms get energy?
• Some organisms can make their own food without sunlight– chemosynthesis
• examples
Where do organisms get energy?
• What if an organism can’t make it’s own food? How would it get energy?
• What do we call organisms that have to eat to get energy?– What do we call consumers that eat:
• Plants?• Other animals?• Both plants & animals?
Where do organisms get energy?
• In most organisms, what process releases the energy stored in the bonds of food (glucose)?– What materials are needed?– What materials are made?
Where do organisms get energy?
• Cellular (aerobic) respiration…– What is the equation?– What other equation does it look like?
• What do organisms use the energy for?
Where do organisms get energy?
ATP
Where do organisms get energy?
• Can energy be recycled?– NO!!!! Just transferred & transformed…
• Usually released as heat
Energy & Nutrients
• Can nutrients be recycled?• Why must nutrients be recycled?
Energy & Nutrients
• What type of organisms recycle nutrients?– Detritivores
• Eat dead organisms• Ex. crabs, worms, snails
– Decomposers• Break down organic waste (poop)• Ex. fungi & bacteria
Where do organisms get energy?
Energy Flow: Food Chains
• Does energy only flow through individual organisms?– Community
• Food chains
***Arrow always points toward organism taking in the energy & away from the organism “giving up” the energy.***
Where do almost all communities
get their energy?
http://www.cnr.vt.edu/forsite/owlpellet/josh/PICTS/foodchain.jpg
1st trophic level
2nd trophic level
4th trophic level
3d trophic level
5th trophic level
Energy Flow: Food Chains
Energy Flow: Food Webs
http://usr-lazio.artov.rm.cnr.it/darwin2007/presentazioni/Modulo14_file/slide0242_image272.jpg
A Connecticut Food Web
What occurs as energy is passed to each trophic level?
Amount of energy passed on to the next
level.
Lost Energy
Lost Energy
• 10% Rule of Ecological Efficiency– ~10% energy is
passed to next level• ~90% lost
– Mostly as heat» Energy is NOT recycled.
Energy Flow: Energy Pyramids