Unit 1 Review: The Promise of America

THE PROMISE OF AMERICA

Unit 1

ESSENTIAL QUESTION:

How did democracy in America grow between 1776 and 1870?

To what extent is American Democracy still a broken promise?

Take Cornell notes on lecture then complete the review sheet.

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE “We hold these truths to be

self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed…

AFTER INDEPENDENCE

Articles of Confederation 1st government Too weak

1787: Constitutional Convention U.S. Constitution Still our government

James Madison: father of Constitution

THE BILL OF RIGHTS

1st 10 amendments to the constitution 1st: freedom of religion, speech, press,

assembly, petition 2nd: right of militia to bear arms 3rd & 4th: no quartering or unreasonable

searches 5th-8th: rights of accused 9th: protection of non-enumerated rights 10th: non-enumerated powers to the states

ALIEN & SEDITION ACTS Passed by Federalist Congress to limit power of

Democratic-Republicans Raise Citizenship Requirement from 5 to 14 years Deport (peace time) or jail (during war) dangerous

aliens Sedition Act: Fine & imprisonment for impeding

government policies or defaming its officials Matthew Lyon & others

imprisoned for writing criticisms of Adams

LOYAL OPPOSITION

Belief that you can love and be loyal to your country, and still criticize the government.

Sedition threatens Free Speech. Without free speech there is no other

freedom. In our history we have passed Sedition

laws, to silence protest. World War I Sedition Act

GROWTH OF DEMOCRACY

1830: Universal White Male Suffrage Property restrictions to

vote dropped National Conventions Andrew Jackson—

People’s President

INDIAN REMOVAL ACT, 1830

Removed all Native Americans living east of the Mississippi

included 5 Civilized Tribes Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek,

Seminole Land coveted because of Gold and Cotton

Worchester v Georgia: Supreme Court recognized Indian land rights

Jackson ignored court

TRAIL OF TEARS 4,000 Cherokees died during forced

removal.

“MANIFEST DESTINY”“MANIFEST DESTINY” First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845.

First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845. ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty … and self-government….. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."

".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty … and self-government….. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."

Idea & emotion Americans felt when they realized whole continent should be theirs

Idea & emotion Americans felt when they realized whole continent should be theirs

TEXAS

1820: 1st Americans to Texas

Promised to.. Become Catholics Become Mexican

citizens To follow the law that

abolished slavery. Texas became

independent, 1836

Remember the Alamo!

MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR, 1846-1848 U.S. Annexed Texas in 1945 Border dispute with Mexico U.S. wanted to purchase California &

New Mexico territory Fighting Along Border Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo promised

U.S. citizenship rights to Mexican population of new territory. Promise was broken

ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT

Began 1820: William Lloyd Garrison

Frederick Douglass

Sojourner Truth Harriet Tubman

DRED SCOT V SANFORD

1857 Supreme Court

overturned Missouri Compromise

Upheld Property Rights of Slaveholders in all U.S. territory.

BLEEDING KANSAS & HARPER’S FERRY John Brown turned to violence

AMERICAN CIVIL WAR, 1860-1865

Slavery States Rights

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

Lincoln, Jan. 1, 1963 All slaves living in states in rebellion were

forever free. 13th Amendment Abolished Slavery 14th Citizenship 15th Right to Vote

UNIT 1 REVIEW: THE PROMISE OF AMERICA

American History

OBJECTIVE TEST:

Multiple Choice Questions You can NOT use notes or handouts

98% of the questions are on this review sheet.

This statement is found in what document? “We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed…

Answer:

Declaration of Independence

Written in 1776Clue:

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Answer:

Thomas Jefferson

Third PresidentClue:

Who is he in this statement from the Declaration of Independence? “History of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world…. He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained; and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.”

Answer:

George III, King of England

This song was used as a code to let slaves know that someone was there from the…

Wade in the water, wade in the water, children, Wade in the water, God’s gon’ trouble the water.

Answer:

Underground Railroad

Maybe HarrietClue:

During the Civil War, photographers’ images were captured on _____ _____ negatives then printed on paper and mounted.

Answer:

Plate Glass

Not Cup PlasticClue:

Historians say that photography changed the Civil War by allowing families to have a keepsake ____ of their fathers or sons as they were away from home, it enhanced the image of _____ figures like President ______, intense images of _____ horrors were presented to the public for the first time bringing the _________ of war to the people.

Answers:photograph

Image, candidate, Honest Abe, Antietam, not imaginary

Clues:

political

Lincoln battlefield reality

What amendment to the constitution is this? “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.”

Answer:

1st Amendment

In the Bill of RightsClue:

What amendment to the constitution is this? “No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime …. nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice …. nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.

Answer:

5th Amendment

Take the ___thClue:

The Bill of Rights guarantees all of the following rights:

2nd: The right of the people to keep and bear

____________. 4th: The right of the people to secure in

their persons, houses, and papers, against unreasonable

_______________; 7th: The right of __________ by jury.

Answer: arms

searchestrial

This image is about what historical event?

Answer:

Trail of Tears

The CherokeeClue:

The Indian Removal Act was pushed through Congress under the leadership of President…

Answer:

Andrew Jackson

1st Western PresidentClue:

In what Supreme Court ruling did John Marshall say that the state of Georgia had no right to force the Cherokee off their land.

Answer:

Worcester v. Georgia

W v GClue:

The Mexican-American War was caused by a dispute over the border of __________ between the U.S. and Mexico, American belief in ____________ ____________, and U.S. desire to purchase _______________ from Mexico.

Answer:Texas

Manifest Destiny

California

This document is from John Burnett’s Story of what event? “On the morning of November the 17th we encountered a terrific sleet and snow storm with freezing temperatures and from that day until we reached the end of the fateful journey on March the 26th, 1839, the sufferings of the Cherokees were awful. …

Answer:

Trail of Tears

After Indian Removal ActClue:

In order to settle the Mexican province of Texas, Stephen Austin and American settlers agreed to all of the following: To become _______________ citizens, to convert to the _______________ faith, and to own no _______________.

Answer: Mexican

Catholicslaves

Who was president during the Mexican-American War?

Answer:

James K. Polk

Jimmy K. FolkClue:

“Other nations have undertaken … hostile interference against us … hampering our power, limiting our greatness and checking the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence ( God ) for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.” The phrase “Manifest Destiny” was coined by…

Answer:

John O’Sullivan

Irish-American Journalist

Clue:

“Fellow-citizens, above your national, tumultuous joy, I hear the mournful wail of millions! whose chains, heavy and grievous yesterday, are, to-day, rendered more intolerable by the jubilee shouts that reach them. If I do forget, if I do not faithfully remember those bleeding children of sorrow this day … would be treason most scandalous and shocking, and would make me a reproach before God and the world. My subject, then, fellow-citizens, is American slavery. I shall see this day and its popular characteristics from the slave's point of view… the conduct of this nation never looked blacker to me than on this 4th of July!” The above Fourth of July speech from 1852 was given by…

Answer:

Frederick Douglass

What Abolitionist chose to use violence to try to end slavery?

Answer:

John Brown

Started Killing in Kansas

Clue:

The 5 Southern tribes (Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, Creek) were considered ____ because they lived exactly like their white neighbors.

Answer:

Civilized

Not savageClue:

What event is depicted in this painting?

Answer:

Bleeding Kansas

Mural is in TopekaClue:

The Abolitionist leader of the Underground Railroad, known as “Moses” who freed over 300 slaves was

Answer:

Harriet Tubman

Not SojournerClue:

The Federal arsenal in Virginia where John Brown attempted to get weapons to arm the slaves in 1858 was

Answer:

Harpers Ferry

Musicians BoatClue:

In 1857 the Supreme Court ruled that slaves were not people, had no rights. This overturned the Missouri Compromise and protected slave owners property in all U.S. territory. What was this ruling?

Answer:

Dred Scot v. Sanford

Anxious Brit v. SClue:

The 19th century doctrine that westward expansion of the United States was not only inevitable but a God given right was…

Answer:

Manifest Destiny

Evident FateClue:

President of the United States from 1801-1809, he wrote the Declaration of Independence and purchased the Louisiana Territory. He was…

Answer:

Thomas Jefferson

TJClue:

What event would cause this advertisement to be put in a newspaper?

Answer:

Underground Railroad

When Lincoln issued this it said that on Jan. 1, 1863; all slaves living in states in Rebellion were forever free.

Answer:

Emancipation Proclamation

Free AnouncementClue:

From 1787-1789, representatives from every state met in Philadelphia to reshape the American government at the

Answer:

Constitutional Convention

Blueprint MeetingClue:

The Publisher of the Liberator and organizer of the American Abolitionist movement in 1820 was

Answer:

William Lloyd Garrison

Bill L. Command Post

Clue:

The American Artist & writer who lived among Indians west of Mississippi 1820-1850; recording & painting about their lives; providing the only detailed record of the Native American life west of Mississippi before white settlers was

Answer:

George Catlin

Not Feorge DoglinClue:

The Civil War was the 1st war to be photographed. The leading Civil War Photographer was

Answer:

Mathew Brady

M.B.Clue:

SOME QUESTIONS WILL ASK YOU TO INTERPRET A PASSAGE FROM A DOCUMENT WE HAVE READ SUCH AS:

“A current of emigration soon followed from the United States. Slaveholders crossed the Sabine (river between Louisiana and Texas) with their slaves, … Certainly Mexico might justly charge our citizens with disgraceful robbery, while, in seeking extension of slavery, the great truths of American freedom…” by Charles Sumner, 1847.What is Sumner’s position on War with Mexico?

ESSAY QUESTIONS FOR THE TEST: YOU WILL BE ABLE TO USE YOUR NOTEBOOK ON THE ESSAY QUESTIONS:

THERE WILL BE SOME (YOU CHOOSE 2 OF 4 CHOICES) SHORT ANSWER ESSAYS (1-2 PARAGRAPHS) SUCH AS…

Analyze the photograph to the right by describing what you see and explaining the historical significance of the photo:

LONG ESSAY (1 TO 1 ½ PAGES): FOUNDED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF LIFE, LIBERTY, AND THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS; AMERICA WOULD STRUGGLE TO FULFILL THESE PROMISES FOR ALL ITS PEOPLE.

Pick two of the events below to write about this topic. You must

express an opinion on each event, show its significance to the struggle to fulfill the

American Promise and use factual details (people, places, dates, events,

ideas) to support your thoughts. You can also quote from the documents you

have (Declaration of Independence, Bill of Rights, etc):

PICK TWO OF THE EVENTS BELOW TO WRITE ABOUT THIS TOPIC.

The Passage of the Alien & Sedition Acts and the 1st Amendment

Andrew Jackson & the Indian Removal Act Manifest Destiny and the Mexican War Slavery & the Abolitionist Movement The American Civil War