UNIT 1 NOTES

UNIT 1 NOTESChapter 13 – Expansion of American IndustryChapter 15 – Politics, Immigration, & Urban Life

UNIT 1 INDUSTRIALISMTHE GROWTH OF AMERICAN CITIES AND INDUSTRY

Chapter 13The Expansion of American Industry

(1850–1900)

Section 1: A Technological Revolution

Section 2: The Growth of Big Business

Section 3: Industrialization and Workers

Section 4: The Great Strikes

Chapter 13: The Expansion of American Industry (1850–1900)

Presidents of the United States# 1 - 16 George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841) James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860)

#21 - …Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865)Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868)Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876)James Garfield; Republican (1880)Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)

OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Explain the changes in late 1800’s urban life

relating to Immigration, Industrialization, and Politics in the Gilded Age.

Objective 1.1: How did advances in technology affect people and business in this era?

Objective 1.2: Describe the strategies and practices Industrialists used to build their businesses.

THEME: American Industry will grow with positive and negative consequences

CHAPTER 13 SECTION 1 – A TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTIONTECHNOLOGY CHANGE AND THE INVENTORS WHO ACCOMPLISHED IT

Inventions Change BusinessLife in the 1860s No indoor electric lights

No refrigeration

In 1860, most mail from the East Coast took ten days to reach the Midwest and three weeks to get to the West Coast.

Life in the 1900s Between 1860 and 1890 the

government issued almost 500,000 patents – licenses that gave an inventor the exclusive right to use an invention. Patents were issued for inventions such

as the typewriter and the telephone.

Technology increases productivity – amount of goods created in a period of time.

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INVENTORS!Struck oil in Pennsylvania in 1859. New uses for oil grew rapidly and oil became a big business.

Edwin L. Drake

An inventor who developed a workable light bulb using direct current.

Thomas A. Edison

Experimented with alternating current, which was less expensive and more practical than direct current, which Edison had used. By using a transformer, he uses power stations to bring electricity to homes.

George Westinghouse

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COMMUNICATION INVENTIONSSAMUEL MORSE Develops Morse Code in 1844 Sends messages over wires

using electric pulses By 1870, Western Union has

transmitted over 9 million messages

ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL Patents the telephone in 1876 First telephone network installed in

1878 Creates AT&T in 1885

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RAILROADS In 1856, Henry Bessemer received the first patent for the Bessemer process, which

made steel production easier and less expensive. The Bessemer Process made possible mass production, or

production in great amounts, of steel.o Making steel faster and cheaper allowed many more railroad

lines to be built

Railroads revolutionized business in the United States in several key ways.o Faster transport of goods.o Created national marketso Provided a model for big business.

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MANAGEMENT STRUCTURENEW STRUCTUREThe owner never meets the workers and has multiple managers to run the business

OLD STRUCTUREOwner and employees work side-by-side and know each other well

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TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION — Assessment How did new choices created by the Industrial Revolution change the way people lived?A. The Industrial Revolution took away creativity from inventorsB. It made daily life more difficult for people but increased industrial productionC. New inventions forced laborers to make more goods by handD. It energized American Industry and made people’s lives more convenient

Inventions in the late 1800s increased businesses’ _______________, or the amount of goods business could make in a certain time period.A. ProductivityB. PatentC. TechnologyD. Labor Union

TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION — Assessment How did new choices created by the Industrial Revolution change the way people lived?A. The Industrial Revolution took away creativity from inventorsB. It made daily life more difficult for people but increased industrial productionC. New inventions forced laborers to make more goods by handD. It energized American Industry and made people’s lives more convenient

Inventions in the late 1800s increased businesses’ _______________, or the amount of goods business could make in a certain time period.A. ProductivityB. PatentC. TechnologyD. Labor Union

THE GROWTH OF BIG BUSINESSCHAPTER 13 SECTION 2

WHAT THREE THINGS DO YOU NEED TO BUILD A BUSINESS?

What is capital?Horizontal ConsolidationVertical Consolidation

Coke fieldspurchased

by Carnegie

Coke fields

Iron ore deposits purchased

by Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

Coke fields

Iron ore deposits

Steel mills

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

Coke fields

Iron ore deposits

Steel mills

Ships

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

Coke fields

Iron ore deposits

Steel mills

Ships

Railroads

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

LAND LABORCAPITAL

BUSINESS TYCOONS“Robber Barons” leaders built their

fortunes through corruption

They drained the country of its natural resources.

They persuaded public officials to interpret laws in their favor.

They ruthlessly drove their competitors to ruin.

They paid their workers meager wages and forced them to toil under dangerous and unhealthful conditions.

“Captains of Industry” The business leaders served their

nation in a positive way. They created jobs that enabled

many Americans to buy new goods and raise their standard of living.

They also created museums, libraries, and universities, many of which still serve the public today.

KNOW THE DIFFERENCE

POLITICAL CARTOON! What does the man in the top hat

represent? How do you know?

What does the man on the ground represent? How do you know?

What is happening in this cartoon?

What are the symbols?

BUSINESS STRATEGY Andrew Carnegie – Vertical Con.

Steel tycoon He preached the “gospel of wealth” Make as much money as possible in any way possible, then give it away Gave away 80% of his fortune

John D. Rockefeller – Horizontal Con. created Standard Oil Trust in 1882 This was in response to government ban on monopolies A trust is when a group of separate companies are placedunder the control of a managing company Companies turned their financial assets over to the trust Nine trustees, including Rockefeller, ran the 41 companies in the trust

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BUSINESS GROWTH — Assessment Andrew Carnegie practiced vertical consolidation to build his steel-

making empire. Vertical consolidation isA. Bringing together many firms in the same business to form one companyB. Getting loans to get capital needed to start a companyC. Controlling of all the different phases of a product’s developmentD. Saving money to get the capital needed to start a company

John D. Rockefeller practiced horizontal consolidation to build his monopoly on the oil industry. Horizontal consolidation isA. Bringing together many firms in the same business to form one companyB. Getting loans to get capital needed to start a companyC. Controlling of all the different phases of a product’s developmentD. Saving money to get the capital needed to start a company

BUSINESS GROWTH — Assessment Andrew Carnegie practiced vertical consolidation to build his steel-

making empire. Vertical consolidation isA. Bringing together many firms in the same business to form one companyB. Getting loans to get capital needed to start a companyC. Controlling of all the different phases of a product’s developmentD. Saving money to get the capital needed to start a company

John D. Rockefeller practiced horizontal consolidation to build his monopoly on the oil industry. Horizontal consolidation isA. Bringing together many firms in the same business to form one

companyB. Getting loans to get capital needed to start a companyC. Controlling of all the different phases of a product’s developmentD. Saving money to get the capital needed to start a company