Unit 1: Matter & Measurement Section 8: Elements, Compounds, & Mixtures.

Unit 1: Matter & Measurement

Section 8: Elements, Compounds, & Mixtures

salt, baking soda, sugar, water

oxygen, iron, hydrogen, gold

Matter

MixturePure

Substance

ElementsCompoundsHeterogeneous

MixtureHomogeneou

s Mixture

separate physically

cannot separate physically

different uniform

separate chemically

cannot separate

Chemicalchanges

Physicalchanges

(solutions)

filtering

distillation(boiling)

(suspensions/colloids)

Pure SubstancesElement:

only one type of atom

simplest form of matter retaining its properties

Examples:Carbon (C)Helium (He)Gold (Au)

(cannot be separated) (chemically or physically)

Pure SubstancesCompound:

two or more elements chemically bonded together

Examples:Carbon Dioxide (CO2)Water (H2O)Salt (NaCl)Sucrose (C12H22O11)

(can be separated…chemically)

Sodium is a highly reactive metal stored in oil.

Cl2 (element)Chlorine kills organisms in pools.

It’s also a poisonous green gas.

completely new substance with completely new

properties

NaClNaCl(compound)

Na (element)

Compound:can be separated… chemically into…

H2O(liquid)

O2(gas)

H2(gas)

Hoffman apparatus

elements …which can… NOT.

Mixtures

Homogeneous Mixture:

physically mixed evenly… it looks the same throughout

lemonadeSteel (Fe + C + Cr)NaCl + H2O salt water

distillation(boiling)

(solutions) physically separated by _____________.

Examples:Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) make brass.

Mixtures

Heterogeneous Mixture:

physically mixed unevenly…can see the different parts

Examples: SandGraniteWood

Suspensions:large particles settle due to gravity

Heterogeneous Mixtures

physically separated by _____________filtration

Examples: dusty airmuddy waterprecipitates

(solids from liquid)

Separation (Group Discussion)

Sand + Iron (Fe) + Salt (NaCl) is a(n)______________________ that can be separated by …heterogeneous mixture

Physically:-pulling out Fe with magnetPhysically:-dissolving NaCl in water-filtering sand out-evaporating the water

Chemically:-decomposing NaCl with electricity into Na and Cl

1. Passing an electric current through a substance produces oxygen and sulfur.This substance cannot be a(n)

A. compound.B. mixture.C. element.D. solution.

Quick Quiz!

Quick Quiz.

2. Which of the following is a mixture?

A. sodium chloride (NaCl)

B. carbon dioxide (CO2)

C. sucrose (sugar, C11H22O11)

D. air (N2, O2, CO2, H2, Ar, …)

Quick Quiz.

3. A blue-green solid is decomposed by heating.

A colorless gas and a black solid appear.

The blue-green solid must have been a(n)

A. heterogeneous mixture

B. homogeneous mixture

C. compound

D. element

+

salt, baking soda, sugar, water

oxygen, iron, hydrogen, gold

Matter

____________

Substance

________________________geneous

Mixture_____geneous

Mixture

separate physically

________ separate physically

_________ _______

separate chemically

cannot separate

________changes

________changes

(________)

filtering

distillation(boiling)

(suspensions/colloids)