Unit 1

Unit 1

Great scientists

黄小红

characteristic

radium

painter

scientific

conclude

conclusion

analyse

n. 特征 ; 特性n. 镭n. 画家 ; 油漆匠adj. 科学的vt. & vi. 结束； 推断出n. 结论；结束vt. 分析

Words preview

put forward

draw a conclusion

提出得出结论

Expressions preview

There are some great scientific achiev

ements that have changed the world. Ca

n you name some of them?

Match the achievements with the scie

ntists below.

Galileo Galilei

Benjamin Franklin

Newton

Alexander Bell

Albert Einstein

the theory of falling objects

lightning

the law of gravity

telephone

Scientists Achievements

the theory of relativity

What do you know about

great scientists?

Try this quiz and find out

who knows the most.

1. Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?

B. Archimedes C. Thomas Edison

A. Charles Darwin

Archimedes (287-212 BC), an ancient Greek mathematician & physicist

2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?

A. Marie Curie

C. Charles Darwin

B. Gregor Mendel

Charles Darwin (1808-1882), British author of The Origin of Species

3. Who invented the first steam engine?

A. Thomas Newcomen

C. Thomas Edison

B. Archimedes

Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729), British,improved the first steam pump and turnedit into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712

4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?

A. Thomas Edison

C. ArchimedesB. Gregor Mendel

Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), Czech, developed ideas on heredity ( 遗传学 ) and inherited ( 继承 , 承传 ) characteristics

5. Who discovered radium?

C. Marie CurieB. NewtonA. Zhang Heng

Marie Curie (1867-1934), Polish and French, won two Nobel Prizes

6. Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?

A. Stephen Hawking

C. Thomas Edison

B. Archimedes

Thomas Edison (1847-1931), American inventor

Thomas Edison

Inventions of Thomas Edison

Phonograph 留声机

Light bulb

Motion Pictures

7. Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?

A. Gregor Mendel

C. Marie Curie

B. Leonardo da Vinci 　

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Italian artist

Leonardo da Vinci’s paintings　

8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?

A. Sir Humphry Davy 　

C. FaradayB. Thomas Newcomen

Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829), British,discovered the medicinal value of nitrous oxide ( 一氧化二氮 ) as anaesthetic ( 麻醉剂 )

9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?

A. Charles Darwin

C. Watt B. Zhang Heng

Zhang Heng (78-139), Chinese, invented the first seismograph

seismograph地动仪

10. Who put forward a theory about black holes?

A. Stephen Hawking

C. CopernicusB. Archimedes

Stephen Hawking (1942--), British scientist, worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space

The quotes below are from some famous scientists.Do you know their meanings?

Imagination is more important thanknowledge.

“ 想象力比知识更重要。”

Albert Einstein

Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.

“ 天才就是百分之九十九的汗水加上百分之一的灵感。”

Thomas Alva Edison

Marie Curie

Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood.

“ 生活中没有什么可怕的东西 , 只需要理解的东西。”

It takes a very unusual mind to undertake analysis of the obvious.

Alfred Whitehead

“ 分析明显存在的事物需要非凡的 头脑。”

What makes a

scientist successful?

strong will ， imagination ， creativity ， patience ， pers

istence ， carefulness ， curio

sity…

Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?

Discuss in small groups the stages in setting out a new scientific idea.

What order would you put them in ？Draw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make a question Find a problem Analyse the resultsFind supporting evidence

What disease spread around the world in 2003?

SARS

Which doctor impressed you most during the SARS?

Zhong Nanshan ( 钟南山 )

Infectious diseases can be spread to other people. They have an unknown causeand need public health care to solve them. People may be exposed to infectious diseases, so may animals. Bird flu, AIDS and SARS are infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are difficult to cure.

What do you know about infectious diseases?

What do you know about cholera?

What other diseases do you know

are similar to SARS today? cholera

What is Cholera?

Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae. It infects people’s intestines( 肠 ), causing diarrhea( 腹泻 ), vomiting and leg cramps. The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking water that has been infected with the bacteria.

After a disaster, this is a very real da

nger, since regular, clean water

and food supplies are often

unavailable. The disease can be

spread even further by infected people

using already dirtied water sources to cl

ean themselves or dispose of waste.

Great Britain

GermanyDeath of first cholera case in London during the 1848-49 epidemic

London

Previous cholera epidemic in Great Britain in 1831-32

The spread of cholera

Homework1. Write a passage about one of

your favourite scientist in

about 150 words.

2. Preview the reading: JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”

Thank you.