Unilateral Electroconvulsive Therapy in Rabbit Stroke Model: Evaluation Using SPECT Deepak Agrawal, NK Gowda*, R Sagar**, PK Yadav***, Departments of Neurosurgery, Nuclear medicine*, Psychiatry** & Experimental Animal Facility*** All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India-110029
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Unilateral Electroconvulsive Therapy in Rabbit Stroke Model:
Evaluation Using SPECT
Deepak Agrawal, NK Gowda*, R Sagar**, PK Yadav***,Departments of Neurosurgery, Nuclear medicine*, Psychiatry** &
Experimental Animal Facility***
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India-110029
UECT in rabbit stroke model
Background
• rCBF Increases following induced seizure
Sestoft D, Meden P, Hemmingsen R, et al: Disparity in regional cerebral blood flow during electrically induced
seizure. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1993;88:140-143.
UECT in rabbit stroke model
Hypothesis
• This increase in rCBF may have a positive effect on the infarct size following stroke
UECT in rabbit stroke model
AIMS & OBJECTIVES
• To evaluate the efficacy of unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (UECT) for cerebral protection following induced stroke in rabbits
UECT in rabbit stroke model
Why Rabbit Model
• Vascular supply & distribution mimics human brain
• Induced strokes are more representative of humans
UECT in rabbit stroke model
Why UECT?
• ECT has been previously shown to improve rCBF
• UECT causes marked improvement in CBF in the ipsilateral hemisphere
• B/L ECT improves perfusion in striatum
Devanand DP, Dwork AJ, Hutchinson ER, Bolwig TG, Sackeim HA: Does ECT
alter brain structure? Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:957-970.
UECT in rabbit stroke model
Materials & Methods
• Prospective randomized controlled study
• Randomization: computer generated random number method
• Approval was taken from the institutional ethics committee for animal experiments.
UECT in rabbit stroke model
Materials & Methods
RABBITS• New Zealand strain• Weight- 2-3 kg• Both Male and female animals were used
UECT in rabbit stroke model
Materials & Methods
Anesthesia• Pre-anesthetized by 10% ketamine (20
mg/kg) given IM• Continuous infusion of midazolam
0.2mg/kg and ketamine (0.2 ml/ kg/hour).• 2ml of 0.5% lignocaine was infiltrated S/C
UECT in rabbit stroke model
Materials & methods
Operative Procedure• Femoral cut down for IV access• 2cm long incision along ant border of SCM• Using blunt dissection CCA exposed• ICA identified & ligated with silk.• Wound closed
UECT in rabbit stroke model
Materials & Methods
• 2 mCi of Tc-99m HMPAO (Amersham, England) was then injected into the femoral vein, 10 minutes after induced stroke (carotid ligature).
UECT in rabbit stroke model
Materials & Methods
• Animal transported to nuclear medicine on a modified trolley, on ventimask and IV.
• Planar and SPECT images of the brain were taken 50 minutes after stroke.
UECT in rabbit stroke model
Materials & Methods
UECT Group rabbits• Unilateral Rt ECT was given 75 minutes