UNIDATA SUMMER WORKSHOP Expanding Horizons: Unsing Environmental Data for Education, Research and Decision Making 23-27 June 2003 RECENT HYDROLOGIC APPLICATIONS USING REMOTELY SENSED AND ENVIRONMENTAL DATA AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Theresa M. Carpenter, P.E. Hydrologic Research Center http://www.hrc-lab.org
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UNIDATA SUMMER WORKSHOP Expanding Horizons: Unsing Environmental Data for Education, Research and Decision Making 23-27 June 2003 RECENT HYDROLOGIC APPLICATIONS.
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UNIDATA SUMMER WORKSHOPExpanding Horizons: Unsing Environmental Data for Education, Research and Decision Making
23-27 June 2003
UNIDATA SUMMER WORKSHOPExpanding Horizons: Unsing Environmental Data for Education, Research and Decision Making
23-27 June 2003
RECENT HYDROLOGIC APPLICATIONS
USING REMOTELY SENSED AND
ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Theresa M. Carpenter, P.E.
Hydrologic Research Center
http://www.hrc-lab.org
Technology Transfer at the Hydrologic Research CenterTechnology Transfer at the Hydrologic Research Center
Advancing the science and engineering of hydrology and water resources.
Outline of Laboratory SessionOutline of Laboratory Session
“Hands-on” Demonstration of PANMAP processing
Presentation of Recent Applications
• PANMAP – rainfall estimation and forecasting for the Panama Canal watershed
• HRCDHM – distributed hydrologic modeling for streamflow forecasting
• CAFFG – flash flood guidance for Central America
• INFORM – use of climate information in reservoir management
Introduction to PANMAPIntroduction to PANMAP
GOAL:
• To design and implement a forecasting system for real-time rainfall forecasting over the Panama Canal Watershed
• Development began in 1997, implemented in Oct 998 Under operational use at the Panama Canal Authority
• Produces hourly precipitation estimates and forecasts for subcatchments of 150-400km2 with a maximum forecast lead time of 12 hours.
Need for ForecastingNeed for Forecasting
Operation of the Panama Canal
• 13,000 – 14,000 vessels traverse the Panama Canal each year
• System of locks raise ships from sea level to level of Lake Gatun (26 m above sea level) between Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
• Objectives of forecasting is to maintain level of Lake Gatun
Panama Rain StormPanama Rain Storm
Panama Canal WatershedPanama Canal Watershed
8 3 8 2 8 1 8 0 7 9 7 8 7 77
8
9
10
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200C aribbean Sea
G ulf o f Panam a
N orth Pacific O cean
Panam a C anal W atershed Subasins
m eters
Degrees W est Longitude
De
gre
es
No
rth
La
titu
de
3200km2 of mountainous terrain
1
32
4
8
51110
9
6
7
+ = gauge locations
Divided into 11 subcatchmentsranging in size from 150-400 km2
Subcatchment 11 is Lake Gatun
PANMAP Data SourcesPANMAP Data Sources
Radar – 10cm weather radar located in Panama City
ALERT gauge – approx. 25 automated hydromet stations located throughout watershed
Radiosondes – upper air information from radiosondes launched twice daily
ETA model – operational mesoscale prediction produce by NOAA
Digital terrain elevation data – used in surface winds analysis
Orographic Model
Raw Radar
Precip Model
State Estimator
Merge
Error
Rain Gauge
Interpolate
Radar Clutter
MAPEstimate
Radar/GaugeMAP
MAPForecast
Digital Terrain Upper Air
Surface Met Gauge-only MAP
1 1 1 1 1
1
2
22
3
4 4
5
3
2
5
5
Display
3
Radar-only MAP
2
MAP - ErrorForecast
PANMAP SYSTEMPANMAP SYSTEM
PANMAP OutputPANMAP Output
PANMAP OutputPANMAP Output
12/28/2000 – 12/31/2000
PANMAP – current status and verificationPANMAP – current status and verification
System used operationally since October 1998 at PCA
Validation performed for events through December 2001
(Georgakakos and Sperfslage, 2003. Preprints of AMSAnnual Meeting 2003, paper J4.10)
Introduction to HRCDHMIntroduction to HRCDHM
Hydrologic Research Center Distributed Hydrologic Model
• Developed as research tool to explore use of distributed hydrologic model in operational flow forecasting
• Hydrologic model components for mean areal precipitation computation, runoff-generation and streamflow routing
• Allows for spatially distributed parametric input
• Sponsored by NWS Office of Hydrologic Development
Major Components of HRCDHM softwareMajor Components of HRCDHM software
1. Watershed DelineationBased on GIS processing of digital terrain data
Provides subcatchment geometriccharacteristics (A, L, S) used in hydrologic model components
Major Components of HRCDHM softwareMajor Components of HRCDHM software
1. Watershed DelineationBased on GIS processing of digital terrain data
2. Radar Data ProcessingIngest of raw (binary) radar filesand subbasin MAP computation
Major Components of HRCDHM softwareMajor Components of HRCDHM software
1. Watershed DelineationBased on GIS processing of digital terrain data
Hours beginning 11/13/1993
0 24 48 72 96 120 144 168F
LO
W (
CM
S)
0
200
400
600
800
2. Radar Data ProcessingIngest of raw (binary) radar filesand subbasin MAP computation
3. Hydrologic ModelingModel components based on thoseused operationally in the U.S.; produces streamflow estimate at outlet of each subcatchment
HRCDHMHRCDHM
Binary radar files
Subcatchmentdefinition
subcatchment runoffsoil moisturestreamflow
Subcatchment MAP
User-definedaggregation level
Radar Processing
HydrologicModeling
Watershed Processing
GIS-processedsmall-scale basins
HRCDHM InterfaceHRCDHM Interface
Current Research on Distributed ModelingCurrent Research on Distributed Modeling
What is the impact of input uncertainty on flow simulations from distributed model design for operational flow-forecasting?
• Application basins were NWS-DMIP case study watersheds: Elk River at Tiff City, MO Baron Fork at Eldon, OK Blue River at Blue, OK Illinois River at Watts, OK Illinois River at Tahlequah, OK
• Examined sensitivity of flow simulations to uncertainty in both radar precipitation input and parametric input through ensemble simulations with HRCDHM
• Incorporated additional spatial database of soils properties to define distribution of hydrologic model parameters.
MUID SEQ# COMPNAME COMP%OKW 1 WATER 100OK001 1 KIM 15OK001 2 MANZANO 15OK001 3 MANZANO 15OK001 4 VINGO 4OK001 5 VALENT 4OK001 6 VONA 4OK001 7 CORLENA 15OK001 8 ALICIA 15OK001 9 LA BRIER 5
Central America Flash Flood GuidanceCentral America Flash Flood Guidance
GOAL:
• To design and implement a prototype system for computing flash flood guidance and identify regions where precipitation exceeds guidance values in real time.
• Project began “in earnest” in late 2002; scheduled delivery: Fall 2003.
• Spatial Resolution of 100 – 300 km2.
• Real-time precipitation from satellite estimates in conjunction with automated gauges (DCP).
FROM FLASH FLOOD GUIDANCE TO FLOOD WARNINGSFROM FLASH FLOOD GUIDANCE TO FLOOD WARNINGS