Unicorn Chemicals Co.

Unicorn Chemicals Company ADDRESS: VIVEKANANDA NAGAR BADU ROAD

MADHYAMGRAM KOLKATA-700129 PHONE NO: +91 (0) 33 25267028/+91-(33)

25267029/+91(33)25297024 EMAIL: [email protected]

WEBSITE: www.unicornchemicals.co.in

1 Unicorn Chemicals Company

Aluminum Sulphate Aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound with the formula Al2(SO4)3. It is soluble in water and is mainly used as a flocculating agent in the purification of drinking water[3][4] and waste water treatment plants, and also in paper manufacturing. Aluminium sulfate is sometimes referred to as a type of alum. Alums are double sulfate salts, with the formula AM(SO4)2·12H2O, where A is a monovalent caption such as potassium or ammonium and M is a trivalent metal ion such as aluminium.[5] The anhydrous form occurs naturally as a rare mineral millosevichite, found e.g. in volcanic environments and on burning coal-mining waste dumps. Aluminium sulfate is rarely, if ever, encountered as the anhydrous salt. It forms a number of different hydrates, of which the hexadecahydrate Al2(SO4)3•16H2O and octadecahydrate Al2(SO4)3•18H2O are the most common. The heptadecahydrate, whose formula can be written as [Al(H2O)6]2(SO4)3•5H2O, occurs naturally as the mineral alunogen.

Aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound with the formula Al (SO ) . It is soluble in water and is mainly used as a flocculating agent in the purification of drinking water and waste water treatment plants, and also in paper manufacturing. Formula: Al2(SO4)3 Molar mass: 342.15 g/mol IUPAC ID: Aluminium sulfate Melting point: 770 °C Density: 2.67 g/cm³ Soluble in: Water Classification: Alum compounds


CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with formula Ca(ClO)2. As a mixture with lime and calcium chloride, it is marketed as chlorine powder or bleach powder for water treatment and as a bleaching agent. This compound is relatively stable and has greater available chlorine than sodium hypochlorite (liquid bleach). It is a white solid, although commercial samples appear yellow. It strongly smells of chlorine, owing to its slow decomposition in moist air. It is not highly soluble in water and is more preferably used in soft to medium-hard water. It has two forms: dry and hydrated.

Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with formula Ca(ClO) . As a mixture with lime and calcium chloride, it is marketed as chlorine powder or bleach powder for water treatment and as a bleaching agent. Formula: Ca(ClO)2 IUPAC ID: Calcium hypochlorite Molar mass: 142.98 g/mol Density: 2.35 g/cm³ Melting point: 100 °C Boiling point: 175 °C Soluble in: Water


Caustic soda, Lye Caustic soda is also known as lye or sodium hydroxide. Lye manufactured by Aditya Birla Chemicals is widely used in alumina refineries and in the manufacture of soaps and detergents, viscose fibre production and zeolite. It is also a raw material for a large number of chemicals used in the paper, textiles, dyes, refinery and other industries. Considered to be the most common base in chemical laboratories, caustic soda also finds use in the production of food additives. Product specifications:

Formula NaOH

Synonyms Caustic soda lye, sodium hydroxide

Specifications Specific gravity at 30°C: Min. 1.514

Purity: Min. 47% w/w

Sodium chloride: Max. 0.03% wt

Sodium carbonate: Max. 0.20% wt

Iron: Max. 0.001% wt

Applications Alumina refineries Pulp and paper Soaps and detergents Viscose fibre Textile processing Organic chemicals such as dyes, etc. Inorganic chemicals such as sulphites, phosphites, etc


Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid (alternative spelling sulphuric acid) is a highly corrosive strong mineral acid with the molecular formula H2SO4 and molecular weight 98.079 g/mol. It is a pungent-ethereal, colorless to slightly yellow viscous liquid that is soluble in water at all concentrations. Sometimes, it is dyed dark brown during production to alert people to its hazards. The historical name of this acid is oil of vitriol. Sulfuric acid is a diprotic acid and shows different properties depending upon its concentration. Its corrosiveness on other materials, like metals, living tissues or even stones, can be mainly ascribed to its strong acidic nature and, if concentrated, strong dehydratingand oxidizing properties. Sulfuric acid at a high concentration can cause very serious damage upon contact, since not only does it cause chemical burns via hydrolysis, but also secondary thermal burns through dehydration. It can lead to permanent blindnessif splashed onto eyes and irreversible damage if swallowed. Accordingly, safety precautions should be strictly observed when handling it. Moreover, it is hygroscopic, readily absorbing water vapour from the air.


Sulfuric acid has a wide range of applications including in domestic acidic drain cleaners, as an electrolyte in lead-acid batteriesand in various cleaning agents. It is also a central substance in the chemical industry. Principal uses include mineral processing, fertilizer manufacturing, oil refining, wastewater processing, and chemical synthesis. It is widely produced with different methods, such as contact process, wet sulfuric acid process, lead chamber process and some other methods.

Sulfuric acid is a highly corrosive

strong mineral acid with the

molecular formula H SO and

molecular weight 98.079 g/mol. It is

a pungent-ethereal, colorless to

slightly yellow viscous liquid that

is soluble in water at all

concentrations.

Formula : H2SO4

Molar mass : 98.079 g/mol

Density : 1.84 g/cm³

IUPAC ID : Sulfuric acid

Boiling point : 337 °C

Melting point : 10 °C

Classification : Sulfuric acids


Hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid is a clear, colorless, highly pungent solution of hydrogen chloride ( HCl ) in water. It is a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with many industrial uses. Hydrochloric acid is found naturally in gastric acid. When it reacts with an organic base it forms a hydrochloride salt. It was historically called acidum salis, muriatic acid, and spirits

of salt because it was produced from rock salt and green vitriol(by Basilius Valentinus in the 15th century) and later from the chemically similar common salt and sulfuric acid (by Johann Rudolph Glauber in the 17th century). Free hydrochloric acid was first formally described in the 16th century by Libavius . Later, it was used by chemists such as Glauber , Priestley, and Davy in their scientific research. With major production starting in the Industrial Revolution, hydrochloric acid is used in the chemical industry as a chemical reagent in the large-scale production of vinyl chloride for PVC plastic, and MDI/TDI for polyurethane. It has numerous smaller-scale applications, including household cleaning, production of gelatin and other food additives, descaling, and leather processing. About 20 million tonnes of hydrochloric acid are produced worldwide annually.

Systematic name Hydrochloric acid

Other names Muriatic acid, Spirit of salt

Molecular Formula HCl in water (H2O)

Molar Mass 36.46 g/mol (HCl)

Appearance Clear colorless to light-yellow liquid

CAS number [7647-01-0]

General Information


Density, phase 1.18 g/cm³,

37% solution.

Solubility in water Fully miscible.

Melting point −26 °C (247 K)

38% solution.

Boiling point 110 °C (383 K),

20.2% solution;

48 °C (321 K),

38% solution.

Acid dissociation

constant pKa

−8.0

Viscosity 1.9 mPa·s at 25 °C,

31.5% solution

Properties


Ferric chloride Iron(III) chloride, also called ferric chloride, is an industrial scale commodity chemical compound, with the formula FeCl3 and with iron in the +3 oxidation state. The colour of iron(III) chloride crystals depends on the viewing angle: by reflected light the crystals appear dark green, but by transmitted light they appear purple-red. Anhydrous iron(III) chloride is deliquescent, forming hydratedhydrogen chloride mists in moist air. It is rarely observed in its natural form, mineral molysite, known mainly from some fumaroles. When dissolved in water, iron(III) chloride undergoes hydrolysis and gives off heat in an exothermic reaction. The resulting brown, acidic, and corrosive solution is used as a flocculant in sewage treatment and drinking water production, and as an etchant for copper-based metals in printed circuit boards. Anhydrous iron(III) chloride is a fairly strong Lewis acid, and it is used as a catalyst inorganic synthesis.

Iron(III) chloride, also called ferric chloride, is an industrial scale

commodity chemical compound, with the formula FeCl₃ and with

iron in the +3 oxidation state.

Formula : FeCl3

Molar mass : 162.2 g/mol

Density : 2.9 g/cm³

Boiling point : 315 °C

Melting point : 306 °C

Soluble in : Water

IUPAC ID : Iron trichloride, Iron(III) chloride



Citric acid, monohydrate Citric Acid Monohydrate is an acidic compound from citrus fruits; as a starting point in the Krebs cycle, citrate is a key intermediate in metabolism. Citric acid is one of a series of compounds responsible for the physiological oxidation of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins to carbon dioxide and water. It has been used to prepare citrate buffer for antigen retrieval of tissue samples. The citrate solution is designed to break protein cross-links, thus unmasking antigens and epitopes in formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue sections, and resulting in enhanced staining intensity of antibodies. Citrate has anticoagulant activity; as a calcium chelator, it forms complexes that disrupt the tendency of blood to clot. May be used to adjust pH and as a sequestering agent for the removal of trace metals. Information

Physical State Solid

Solubility Soluble in water (59.2 g/100 ml)

at 20° C, ethanol, ether, and water

(84.0 g/100 ml) at 100° C.

Storage Desiccate at room temperature

Melting Point 153° C(anhydrous)

Density 1.54 g/cm3

Refractive Index n20D 1.36 (lit.)

pK Values pKa: pK1: 3.13, pK2: 4.76, pK3:

6.4


Citric Acid Monohydrate

Synonym: propanetricarboxylic

acid monohydrate

CAS Number: 5949-29-1

Purity: ≥98%

Molecular Weight: 210.14

Molecular Formula: C6H8O7•H2O


Formic acid Formic acid(HCO2H), also called methanoic acid, the simplest of thecarboxylic acids, used in processing textiles and leather. Formic acid was first isolated from certain ants and was named after the Latinformica, meaning “ant.” It is made by the action of sulfuric acid upon sodium formate, which is produced from carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide.

Formic acid is also prepared in the form of its esters by treatment of carbon monoxide with an alcohol such as methanol (methyl alcohol) in the presence of a catalyst. Formic acid is not a typical carboxylic acid; it is distinguished by its acid strength, its failure to form an anhydride, and its reactivity as a reducing agent—a property due to the −CHO group, which imparts some of the character of an aldehyde . The methyl and ethyl esters of formic acid are commercially produced. Concentrated sulfuric acid dehydrates formic acid to carbon monoxide. Pure formic acid is a colourless, fuming liquid with a pungent colour; it irritates the mucous membranes and blisters the skin. It freezes at 8.4 °C (47.1 °F) and boils at 100.7 °C (213.3 °F).


Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid. The

chemical formula is HCOOH or HCO H. It is an important

intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally,

most notably in some ants.

Formula: CH2O2

IUPAC ID: Formic acid

Density: 1.22 g/cm³

Boiling point: 100.8 °C

Molar mass: 46.02538 g/mol

Melting point: 8.4 °C


Hydrazine/- hydrate Hydrazine hydrate is widely used as a reducing agent or an intermediate of synthesis in various industrial sectors like water treatment (effluents, industrial boilers), chemical treatment process (metals, mine extraction) or active ingredients synthesis (pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals). Hydrazine hydrate is marketed as a water-based solution at different hydrazine concentration.

mp −51.7 °C(lit.)

bp 120.1 °C(lit.)

density 1.03 g/mL at 20 °C

vapor

density

>1 (vs air)

vapor

pressure

5 mm Hg ( 25 °C)

refractive

index

n20/D 1.428(lit.)

Fp 204 °F

storage

temp

0-6°C

Merck 14,4771

Property


Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula N 2H 4. It is a colorless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Hydrazine is highly toxic and dangerously unstable unless handled in solution. Formula: N2H4 Molar mass: 32.0452 g/mol Density: 1.02 g/cm³ Boiling point: 114 °C Melting point: 2 °C

Sodium sulfide, -hydrogen sulfide Sodium sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula Na2S, or more commonly its hydrate Na2S·9H2O. Both are colorless water-soluble salts that give strongly alkaline solutions. When exposed to moist air, Na2S and its hydrates emit hydrogen sulfide, which smells like rotten eggs. Some commercial samples are specified as Na2S·xH2O, where a weight percentage of Na2S is specified. Commonly available grades have around 60% Na2S by weight, which means that x is around 3. Such technical grades of sodium sulfide have a yellow appearance owing to the presence of polysulfides. These grades of sodium sulfide are marketed as 'sodium sulfide flakes'. Although the solid is yellow, solutions of it are colorless. Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula H 2S. It is a colorless gas with the characteristic foul odor of rotteneggs; it is heavier than air, very poisonous, corrosive, flammable, and explosive.


Hydrogen sulfide often results from the prokaryotic breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen gas, such as in swampsand sewers; this process is commonly known as anaerobic digestion. H 2S also occurs in volcanic gases, natural gas, and in some sources of well water. It is also present in natural halite type rock salts, most notably in Himalayan Black Salt, which is mostly harvested from the mineral-rich Salt Range mountains of Pakistan. The human body produces small amounts of H 2S and uses it as a signaling molecule. Dissolved in water, hydrogen sulfide is known as hydrosulfuric

acid or sulfhydric acid, a weak acid. Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele is credited with having discovered hydrogen sulfide in 1777. The British English spelling of this compound is hydrogen

sulphide, but this spelling is not recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry or the Royal Society of Chemistry. In 2015, hydrogen sulfide under extremely high pressure (around 150 gigapascals) was found to undergo superconducting transition near −70 °C (−94 °F), the highest temperature superconductor known to date.

Sodium sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula Na S, or more commonly its hydrate Na S·9H O. Both are colorless water-soluble salts that give strongly alkaline solutions. Formula: Na2S Molar mass: 78.0452 g/mol Melting point: 1,176 °C Density: 1.86 g/cm³


Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula H 2S. It is a colorless gas with the characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs; it is heavier than air, very poisonous, corrosive, flammable, and explosive. Formula: H2S Molar mass: 34.0809 g/mol Bo

iling point: -60 °C Density: 1.36 kg/m³ Melting point: -82 °C Soluble in: Water Classification: Sulfide, Sulfur compounds



Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H2O2. In its pure form, it is a colourless liquid, slightly more viscous than water; however, for safety reasons it is normally used as an aqueous solution. Hydrogen peroxide is the simplest peroxide (a compound with an oxygen–oxygen single bond) and finds use as a strong oxidizer, bleaching agent and disinfectant. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide, or "high-test peroxide", is a reactive oxygen species and has been used as a propellant in rocketry. Hydrogen peroxide is often described as being "water but with one more oxygen atom", a description that can give the incorrect impression of significant chemical similarity between the two compounds. While they have a similar melting point and appearance, pure hydrogen peroxide will explode if heated to boiling, will cause serious contact burns to the skin and can set materials alight on contact. For these reasons it is usually handled as a dilute solution (household grades are typically 3–6% in the U.S. and somewhat higher in Europe). Its chemistry is dominated by the nature of its unstable peroxide bond.


Chemical formula H2O2

Molar mass 34.0147 g/mol

Appearance Very light blue color; colorless in solution

Odor slightly sharp

Density 1.11 g/cm3 (20 °C, 30% (w/w) solution )

Melting point −0.43 °C (31.23 °F; 272.72 K)

Boiling point 150.2 °C (302.4 °F; 423.3 K) (decomposes)

Solubility in water Miscible

Solubility soluble in ether, alcohol, I

nsoluble in petroleum ether

Vapor pressure 5 mmHg (30 °C)[

Acidity (pKa) 11.75

Refractive index(nD) 1.4061

Viscosity 1.245 c P (20 °C)

Dipole moment 2.26 D

Properties

Uses

Hydrogen peroxide is a mild antiseptic used on the skin to prevent infection of

minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. It may also be used as a mouth rinse to help

remove mucus or to relieve minor mouth irritation (e.g., due to canker/cold

sores, gingivitis). This product works by releasing oxygen when it is applied to the

affected area. The release of oxygen causes foaming, which helps to remove dead

skin and clean the area.

This product should not be used to treat deep wounds, animal bites, or serious

burns.


Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H 2O 2. In its pure form, it is a colourless liquid, slightly more viscous than water; however, for safety reasons it is normally used as an aqueous solution. Formula: H2O2 Molar mass: 34.0147 g/mol IUPACID: hydrogen peroxide Density: 1.45 g/cm³ Boiling point: 150.2 °C Melting point: -0.43 °C


Silica gel Silica gel is a granular, vitreous, porous form of silicon dioxide made synthetically from sodium silicate. Silica gel contains a nano-porous silica micro-structure, suspended inside of a liquid. Most applications of silica gel require it to be dried, in which case it is called silica xerogel. For practical purposes, silica gel is often interchangeable with silica xerogel. Silica xerogel is tough and hard; it is more solid than common household gels like gelatin or agar. It is a naturally occurring mineral that is purified and processed into either granular or beaded form. As a desiccant, it has an average pore size of 2.4 nanometers and has a strong affinity for water molecules. Silica gel is most commonly encountered in everyday life as beads in a small (typically 2 x 3 cm) paper packet. In this form, it is used as a desiccant to control local humidity to avoid spoilage or degradation of some goods. Because silica gel can have added chemical indicators (see below) and absorbs moisture very well, silica gel packets usually bear warnings for the user not to eat the contents.

Chemical formula SiO2


Appearance Transparent beads

Odor Odorless

Properties


Activated Alumina Balls Activated alumina is manufactured from aluminium hydroxide by dehydroxylating it in a way that produces a highly porous material; this material can have a surface area significantly over 200 m²/g. The compound is used as a desiccant (to keep things dry by absorbing water from the air) and as a filter of fluoride, arsenic and selenium in drinking water. It is made ofaluminium oxide (alumina; Al2O3), the same chemical substance as sapphire and ruby (but without the impurities that give those gems their color). It has a very high surface-area-to-weight ratio, due to the many "tunnel like" pores that it has .


Uses

Catalyst applications: Activated alumina is used for a wide range of adsorbent and catalyst

applications including the adsorption of catalysts in polyethylene production, in hydrogen

peroxideproduction, as a selective adsorbent for many chemicals including arsenic, fluoride,

in sulphur removal from gas streams (Claus Catalyst process).

Desiccant: Used as a desiccant, it works by a process called adsorption. The water in the air

actually sticks to the alumina itself in between the tiny passages as the air passes through

them. The water molecules become trapped so that the air is dried out as it passes through

the filter. This process is reversible. If the alumina desiccant is heated to ~200°C, it will

release the trapped water. This process is called regenerating the desiccant.

Fluoride adsorbent: Activated alumina is also widely used to remove fluoride from drinking

water. In the US, there are widespread programs to fluoridate drinking water. However, in

certain regions, such as the Rajasthan region of India, there is enough fluoride in the water to

cause fluorosis. A study from the Harvard school of Public Health found exposure to fluoride

as a child correlated with lower IQ.

Vacuum systems: In high vacuum applications, activated alumina is used as a charge material

in fore-line traps to prevent oil generated by rotary vane pumps from back streaming into the

system.

Biomaterial: Its mechanical properties and non-reactivity in the biological environment allow

it to be a suitable material used to cover surfaces in friction in body prostheses (e.g. hip or

shoulder prostheses).

Activated Carbon


Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase thesurface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. Activated is sometimes substituted with active. Due to its high degree of microporosity, just one gram of activated carbon has a surface area in excess of 1,300 m2 (14,000 sq ft), as determined by gas adsorption. An activation level sufficient for useful application may be attained solely from high surface area; however, further chemical treatment often enhances adsorption properties. Activated carbon is usually derived from charcoal and is sometimes utilized as biochar. Those derived from coal and coke are referred as activated

coal and activated coke respectively.

Properties

James Dewar, the scientist after whom the Dewar (vacuum flask) is named, spent

much time studying activated carbon and published a paper regarding its

adsorption capacity with regard to gases.[ In this paper, he discovered that cooling

the carbon to liquid nitrogen temperatures allowed it to adsorb significant

quantities of numerous air gases, among others, that could then be recollected by

simply allowing the carbon to warm again and that coconut based carbon was

superior for the effect. He uses oxygen as an example, wherein the activated

carbon would typically adsorb the atmospheric concentration (21%) under

standard conditions, but release over 80% oxygen if the carbon was first cooled to

low temperatures.

Physically, activated carbon binds materials by van der Waals force or London

dispersion force.

Activated carbon does not bind well to certain chemicals, including alcohols, diols,

strong acids and bases, metals and most inorganics, such

as lithium, sodium, iron, lead,arsenic, fluorine, and boric acid.

Activated carbon adsorbs iodine very well. The iodine capacity, mg/g,

(ASTM D28 Standard Method test) may be used as an indication of total surface

area.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_carbon

Carbon monoxide is not well adsorbed by activated carbon. This should be of particular

concern to those using the material in filters for respirators, fume hoods or other gas control

systems as the gas is undetectable to the human senses, toxic to metabolism and neurotoxic.

Substantial lists of the common industrial and agricultural gases adsorbed by activated carbon

can be found online.

Activated carbon can be used as a substrate for the application of various chemicals to

improve the adsorptive capacity for some inorganic (and problematic organic) compounds

such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), formaldehyde (HCOH), mercury (Hg) and

radioactive iodine-131. This property is known as chemisorption.


Molecular Sieves A molecular sieve is a material with pores (very small holes) of uniform size. These pore diameters are of the dimensions of small molecules, thus large molecules cannot be absorbed, while smaller molecules can. Many molecular sieves are used as desiccants. Some examples includeactivated charcoal and silica gel. The diameter of a molecular sieve is measured in ångströms (Å) or nanometres (nm). According to IUPAC notation, microporous materials have pore diameters of less than 2 nm (20 Å) and macroporous materials have pore diameters of greater than 50 nm (500 Å); the mesoporouscategory thus lies in the middle with pore diameters between 2 and 50 nm (20–500 Å).

Properties

Molecular sieves are used

as adsorbent for gases and liquids. Molecules small enough to pass

through the pores are adsorbed while larger molecules are not. It is

different from a common filter in that it operates on a molecular level

and traps the adsorbed substance. For instance, a water molecule may

be small enough to pass through the pores while larger molecules are

not, so water is forced into the pores which act as a trap for the

penetrating water molecules, which are retained within the pores.

Because of this, they often function as a desiccant. A molecular sieve can

adsorb water up to 22% of its own weight.[7] The principle of adsorption

to molecular sieve particles is somewhat similar to that ofsize exclusion

chromatography, except that without a changing solution composition,

the adsorbed product remains trapped because, in the absence of other

molecules able to penetrate the pore and fill the space, a vacuum would

be created by desorption


Titanium Dioxide Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment

White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. Generally it is sourced from ilmenite,rutile and anatase. It has a wide range of applications, from paint to sunscreen to food colouring. When used as a food colouring, it has E number E171.


Chemical formula TiO2


Appearance White solid

Odor odorless

Density 4.23 g/cm3 (Rutile) 3.78 g/cm3 (Anatase)

Melting point 1,843 °C (3,349 °F; 2,116 K)

Boiling point 2,972 °C (5,382 °F;

3,245 K)

Solubility in water insoluble

Band gap 3.05 eV (rutile)

Refractive index(nD) 2.488 (anatase)

2.583 (brookite)

2.609 (rutile)

Properties

Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO 2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6, or CI 77891. Formula: TiO2 Molar mass: 79.866 g/mol Melting point: 1,843 °C Density: 4.23 g/cm³ Boiling point: 2,972 °C IUPAC ID: Titanium dioxide, Titanium(IV) oxide


Industrial Grade Salt

Nacl 99.6 %

Ca 0.04 %

Mg 0.03 %

SO4 0.15 %

Insoluble 0.10 %

Moisture 3.00 %

*(Low Sulphate )


Pesticides Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest.T hey are a class of biocide. The most common use of pesticides is as plant protection products (also known as crop protection products), which in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, fungi, or insects. This use of pesticides is so common that the term pesticide is often treated as synonymous with plant protection product, although it is in fact a broader term, as pesticides are also used for non-agricultural purposes. The term pesticide includes all of the following: herbicide, insecticide, insect growth regulator, nematicide, termiticide, molluscicide, piscicide,avicide, rodenticide, predacide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, antimicrobial, fungicide, disinfectant (antimicrobial), andsanitizer. In general, a pesticide is a chemical or biological agent (such as a virus, bacterium, antimicrobial, or disinfectant) that deters, incapacitates, kills, or otherwise discourages pests. Target pests can include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals,fish, nematodes (roundworms), and microbes that destroy property, cause nuisance, or spread disease, or are disease vectors. Although pesticides have benefits, some also have drawbacks, such as potential toxicity to humans and other species. According to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, 9 of the 12 most dangerous and persistent organic chemicals are organochlorine pesticides.


Uses Pesticides are used to control organisms that are considered to be

harmful. For example, they are used to kill mosquitoes that can transmit

potentially deadly diseases likeWest Nile virus, yellow fever, and malaria.

They can also kill bees, wasps or ants that can cause allergic reactions.

Insecticides can protect animals from illnesses that can be caused

by parasites such as fleas.Pesticides can prevent sickness in humans that

could be caused by moldy food or diseased produce. Herbicides can be

used to clear roadside weeds, trees and brush. They can also kill

invasive weeds that may cause environmental damage. Herbicides are

commonly applied in ponds and lakes to control algae and plants such as

water grasses that can interfere with activities like swimming and fishing

and cause the water to look or smell unpleasant. Uncontrolled pests such

as termites and mold can damage structures such as houses. Pesticides

are used in grocery stores and food storage facilities to

manage rodents and insects that infest food such as grain. Each use of a

pesticide carries some associated risk. Proper pesticide use decreases

these associated risks to a level deemed acceptable by pesticide

regulatory agencies such as the United States Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) and the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) of

Canada.

DDT, sprayed on the walls of houses, is an organochlorine that has been

used to fight malaria since the 1950s. Recent policy statements by

the World Health Organization have given stronger support to this

approach. However, DDT and other organochlorine pesticides have been

banned in most countries worldwide because of their persistence in the

environment and human toxicity. DDT use is not always effective,

as resistance to DDT was identified in Africa as early as 1955, and by

1972 nineteen species of mosquito worldwide were resistant to DDT.


Type of pesticide Target pest group

Herbicides Plant

Algicidesor Algaecides Algae

Avicides Birds

Bactericides Bacteria

Fungicides Fungi and Oomycetes

Insecticides Insects

Miticides or Acaricides Mites

Molluscicides Snails

Nematicides Nematodes

Rodenticides Rodents

Virucides Viruses



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