Ungs 2030 Standard Note 2016

8/16/2019 Ungs 2030 Standard Note 2016

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THE ISLAMC WORLDVIEW

(UNGS 2030)

STANDARD CONTENTS

© Department ! "#n$amenta% an$Inter$&'&p%&nar St#$&e'* 20+,


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WEE- +

Worldview:

Defnition, necessity, and a briehistorical development


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Mean&n.'

•Worldview is an English translation o theGerman term “Weltanschauung”•!t is rendered in "rabic as “#u$yat al%!slam lil%

wu&ud”, ' ()*)+ -./01 234566•" set o belies about undamental aspects oreality that around us•7ne$s perceiving, 8nowing and doing•9tudy o the world and its aspects•" view o lie•" perception o the world•

" particular philosophy o lie


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Mean&n.'

• " concept o the world held byindividuals and groups

• " philosophy o lie• " mind%set and outloo8 on lie• " ormula or lie

• "n ideology or aith


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De/n&t&n'

• " set o attitudes on a wide range oundamental matters

• " comprehensive set o propositions about

various aspects o the world• " unifed and comprehensive view o the worldaround us and man$s place within it

• asic assumptions and images toward

understanding all e;isting things and beings• " guide or a map toward reali


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Oter 1r%$&e1' $e/ne$ 1e'tern '%ar'

• Te nept' $ee%pe$ #man &nte%%etn te a'&' ! a''#mpt&n' perta&n&n. t#man #%t#re' $ea% 1&t te nat#re !rea%&t* te r.an&4at&n ! te #n&er'e* teen$' an$ p#rp'e' ! #man %&!e (5a#%Herert)

• A 'et ! pre'#pp'&t&n' an$ a''#mpt&n'1& ma e tr#e* part&a%% tr#e r ent&re%

!a%'e tat pr&$e' a a'& n't&t#t&n !rea%&t an$ te !#n$at&n n 1& 1e %&e*me an$ ae #r e&n. (6ame' S&re)


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7ther worldviews defned bywestern scholars

• "n individual oriented accomplishment asa sort o personal religious belie inconstruction, internationali


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• " set o belies about undamentalaspects o reality that ground andin@uence all one$s perceiving,thin8ing, 8nowing and doing or one$sphilosophy, philosophy o lie,mindset, outloo8 on lie, ormula or

lie, ideology, aith, or religion 'AenBun86


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9

Worldview 9tructures CDevelopment

Humanintellect

.

Worldview-Structures

Development

Life-Structure

Knowledge-

StructureMan-Structure

Value-Structure

Moralit

Legal Dealings

!onception

of societ

"olitical

Dealings

#ec$nologScientific

conceptual

sc$emeScience

%evelation


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ecessity o nderstandingWorldviews

F >uman lie:• Anowing about the world$s di=erent people,cultures and civiliuman behavior:• assisting us in interacting with nature,individuals, peoples, nations, cultures andcivili


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Bundamental matters and Hueries

• 'Iames 9eri6 >ow ar out does the universe goJ Did ithave a beginning and will it have an endJ

• >ow was it that we humans came about here on earthJ• Does lie have a purposeJ ! it does, what can give

meaning to my lieJ• Does my daily conduct matter in the long runJ• What happens to me at my deathJ• E;isting and Konception o GodJ

• What is good and what is badJ >ow can ! 8now the goodand the badJ• >ow should ! be treating othersJ• >ow can ! 8nowJ


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7b&ectives o the Worldview

F " model o the world "bility to e;plain and answer the

Huestions

L "bility to see through good and badvalues and answer the Huestions

M "bility to 8now how to act properly

N "bility to construct people 8nowledgeabout e;istence and truthO "bility to develop worldview


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nderstanding worldviews

"P#"Q!9?: Phe great ma&ority o contemporary philosophers

accepts naturalism, characterioo8 and #oyWood 9ellars FL


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9EKQ"# >?"!9?: viewed as a system o values and belies that are opposed to

the values and belies o traditional religions #elating to worldly things as distinguished rom things

relating to church and religionU not sacred or religiousUtemporalU worldly

>umanism as any system o thought or action based on thenature, interests and ideals o manU specifcally, a modern,

nontheistic, rationalist movement that holds that man iscapable o sel%ulfllment, ethical conduct, etc withoutrecourse to supernaturalism

!n the FSLTs, VhumanismV was generally used in a religious

sense by the Ethical movement in the nited 9tates, and notmuch avored among the non%religious in ritainFM


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79P%?7DE#!9?:

" set o critical, strategic and rhetorical practices

employing concepts such as di=erence, repetition, the

trace, the simulacrum, and hyper reality to destabili


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&'

Klassifcation o Worldview

Revealed andpreserved

Revealed butInterpolated

Not revealed butBased ob human

wisdom

Worldview

Religious Non-religious

Atheism Materialism Positivism Rationalism scientism


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&(

)not$er classification

Worldview

Philosophicalworldview

Religiousworldview

Scientificworldview


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Wee8

aturalism:Koncept, development, and characteristics.


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Koncept o aturalism

• aturalism derives rom the word Rnature$, meansURsel%contained$ or Rsel%e;planatory$

• " theory o lie and universe• "n atheistic and materialistic• " mechanical view o the world o nature• "ll beings and events in the universe 'whatever their

inherent character may be6 are natural• niverse has been evolved by itsel• Denies the e;istence o truly supernatural realities• Denies the e;istence o the creator• " orm o realism that particularly ocuses on how

technology and science a=ect society as a whole, aswell as how society and genetics a=ect individuals


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Dee%pment

!n NthZOth centuries K, Gree8thin8ers and philosophers iesophists who are paid intellectuals in

"ncient Greece and #oman Empirespeciali


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!n early FSTT century, Darwin Kharleswrote in his boo8 RPhe 7rigin o

9pecies$ about naturalism, theorienric8 !bsen 'F]]%FSTO6, ?a;imGor8y$ 'F]O]%FSLO6, "nton Khe8hov'F]OT%FSTM6, i8olai Gogol 'F]T]%

F]N6*&


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aturalism defned

" theory that relates scientifc method tophilosophy by a^rming that all beingsand events in the universe 'whatevertheir inherent character may be6 arenatural

Denying the e;istence o truly

supernatural realities, it ma8es allowanceor the supernatural, provided that8nowledge o it can be had indirectly

**


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+aturalism defined

"n approach to philosophical problemsthat interprets them as tractable tr#.te met$' ! te emp&r&a% '&ene'

S1&n. te p&%'p&a% pr%em'a' tra$&t&na%% ne&e$ are &%%7!rm#%ate$ an$ an e '%e$ r$&'p%ae$ apprpr&ate%nat#ra%&'t& met$'

*,


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Kharacteristics o aturalism

Phe debate about naturalism ranges across manyareas o philosophy, including metaphysics,epistemology, ethics, and philosophy o mind, &ust tomention areas where it is especially prominent

Pwo basic dimensions in which the debate ta8esplaceU one is concerned , what there is and thesecond is the methods o acHuiring belie and8nowledge

Phere are several a^liated issues 'supervenience,ob&ectivity, various realismZantirealism debates, the

character o norms o epistemic &ustifcation, thetheory o meaning, and so orth6 but they are allconnected through those two main concerns

*

http://www.iep.utm.edu/supervenhttp://www.iep.utm.edu/objectivhttp://www.iep.utm.edu/objectivhttp://www.iep.utm.edu/superven


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• )s a ver loose c$aracteriation/ it ma suffice to

sa t$at nature is t$e order of t$ings accessi0le to

us t$roug$ o0servation and t$e met$ods of t$eempirical sciences. 1f some ot$er met$od/ suc$ as

a priori t$eoriing/ is needed to $ave access to t$e

alleged entit or to t$e trut$ in 2uestion/ t$en it is

not a real entit or a genuine trut$. )ccording to t$e

naturalist/ t$ere is only t$e natural order. 1f

somet$ing is postulated or claimed to e3ist/ 0ut is

not descri0ed in t$e voca0ular t$at descri0es

natural p$enomena/ and not studied 0 t$e

in2uiries t$at stud natural p$enomena/ it is not

somet$ing we s$ould recognie as real.*4


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Wee8 L

9ecular >umanism:Koncept, development, andcharacteristics


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9ecular >umanism

What is 9ecular >umanismJ

9ecular: “7 or relating to worldly things as distinguishedrom things relating to church and religionU not sacred orreligiousU temporalU worldly”

>umanism: “"ny system o thought or action based onthe nature, interests and ideals o manU specifcally, a

modern, nontheistic, rationalist movement that holdsthat man is capable o sel% ulfllment, ethical conduct,etc without recourse to supernaturalism”


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9ecular >umanism

“9ecular >umanism is a secularethical philosophy that emphasi


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Development• !n the FSLTs, VhumanismV was generally used in religious

sense by the Ethical movement in the nited 9tates, andnot much avored among the non%religious in ritain _etVit was rom the Ethical movement that the non%religiousphilosophical sense o >umanism gradually emerged in

ritain, and it was rom the convergence o the Ethicaland #ationalist movement that this sense o >umanismeventually prevailed throughout the Bree thought

movement”• Bree thought is a philosophical viewpoint which holds

that positions regarding truth should be ormed on the

basis o logic, reason, and empiricism, rather than


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Development

• "s an organiumanism itsel is Huite recent `born at the niversity o Khicago in the FSTs, and made publicin FSLL with the publication o the frst >umanist ?aniesto Phe

"merican >umanist "ssociation was incorporated as an !llinoisnon%proft organiumanist and Ethical nion was ounded inFSN, when a gathering o world >umanists met under the

leadership o 9ir Iulian >u;ley Phe ritish >umanist "ssociationtoo8 that name in FSOX, but had developed rom the nion oEthical 9ocieties which had been ounded by 9tanton Koit inF]SO


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Kharacteristics o 9ecular >umanism

• Re%&.&n: ollowers o 9ecular >umanism generally considerthemselves as atheists or agnostics Phey do not believe inrevealed religions and hence, do not accept as true the scripturesderived rom them Phey re&ect the belies in God, prophecy, creed

and rituals 9ecular >umanists totally oppose any in@uences on theree thin8ing human mind by any religious authority including thosepolitical ideologies which attempt to curb ree thought

• One Wr%$8 9ecular >umanists are against the division o

human8ind on the basis o nationalistic borders Pheir goal is toachieve a world community with a common system o laworgani


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Kharacteristics o 9ecular >umanism• E%#t&n: 9ecular >umanists are not creationists Phey

believe the universe is sel%e;isting and has not beencreated >uman8ind is a part o nature and has emergedas a result o continuous, natural evolutionary orces Phey

hold Darwin$s theory o evolution to be true and impose iton many dimensions o human lie, and not &ust biological

• Se9#a% e9pre''&n8 9ecular >umanists do not considerthe many varieties o se;ual e;pression as evil Phey do

not agree in limiting either by law or social customs se;ualbehavior between consenting adults !n line with theirviews o an open se;ual e;pression, society shouldthereore recogni


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Kharacteristics o 9ecular >umanism• Mra%&t: Et&'8 9ecular >umanists do not uphold an absolute

system o ethics or morals Phey recogni


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Kharacteristics o 9ecular >umanism

• E$#at&n8 9ecular >umanists encourage moralawareness, the capacity or ree choice, and anunderstanding o the conseHuences o choicesBor them, education is the essential method obuilding humane, ree, and democratic societies

Phey state that although the study o the history

o religious and moral practices is appropriateor education however, they are against theindoctrination o children in a belie systembeore they are mature enough to evaluate it


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Komponents o secularism

F Disenchantment o nature

Breeing o nature rom its religious overtonesature is not a divine entity

Phis provides an absolute condition or the

development o natural science >owever highlydeveloped a culture$s powers o observation,however refned its eHuipment or measuring, noreal scientifc brea8through is possible until man canace the natural world unaraid


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components

L De%sacrali


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components

De%consecration 'relativi


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Wee8 M

ostmodernismUKoncept, development,

characteristics and principles


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Cnept ! p'tm$ern&'m• Qiterally, the word “ost” means a seHuence or behind, andthe word “modernism” is a practice, usage, or e;pression

peculiar to modern times, “a tendency in theology toaccommodate traditional religious teaching to contemporarythought and especially to devalue supernatural elements

• ut when these two words combined, it gives new meanings?oreover, some writers view to di=erentiate two sense o theword by how it$s written

• Birst is post%modern 'with hyphen6 Phis shows the

continuation o modernism, it might be in new perspectives• 9econd is postmodern 'without hyphen6, it indicates

something resh and new, nothing similar with modernism atall


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Koncept

!n act, postmodernism is a reaction towardsdominance culture o modernism Phis is the realproblem which was aced by people in the early o

Fst century until the present day evertheless, postmodernism is not limited to art

and architecture alone, yet it is an universal

concept or every feld o 8nowledge and humana=airs as well, eventually topples the roots omodernism, as can be considered as Rthe end omodernism$


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Cnept• >istorically spea8ing, the term ostmodernism has been

coined as early as F]XT by Iohn Wat8ins Khapman whenhe proposed an idea o “a postmodern style o painting”as a reaction towards Brench impressionism

• Qater, it was used to attac8 the change and attitude ascritiHue to social sciences, art, architecture, media, music,movies, etc

• Po sum up, postmodernism is a new concept or ideologythat is completely distinguished rom modernism, it comesto abolish the basic principles o modernism which werelies beneath every single aspect o human$s lie


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Cnept

• Phe promoters and supporters o this ideology began

rom Western thin8ers, so it is important to 8now the ewpropagators o this concept Birstly, Iean Brancois Qyotard'FSM%FSS]6, a prominent Brench philosopher and9ociologist popularised the term postmodernism ater hewrote the boo8 “Phe ostmodern condition: " #eport on

Anowledge in English” inFS]M Phe essential point o thisboo8 is to promote the universal s8eptic or reviewinguniversal theories


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Cnept

• 9econdly, IacHues Derrida 'FSLT%TTM6, a Brenchthin8er, proposed a theory o Rdeconstruction$which means a process o reconstructing literal

and philosophy te;ts, in the end comes out withreormulate the revelation te;ts

• Phirdly is ?ichel Boucault 'FSO%FS]M6O, also aBrench philosopher and historian who doubtsabout the writing o history >e clearly statedabout the importance to be critical in history omodernity as he argued about the dishonesty andbias in writing the history in modern periods


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Development •

!t began with the age o remodernism 'beore FOTTs6when people in the West commonly believed that God,transcendent or supernatural realm are the source o moralabsolutes, rationality, human dignity and truth

• !ndeed, it was supported by the prominent Khristiantheologian 9t "nselm who plainly stated that Raith see8ingunderstanding$ !n other words, 9t "nselm tries to imply bybelieving God, people would attain the truth and reality o

this lie• o way or people to comprehend the world unless he or

she puts their aith in God persistently Phus, in this stagepeople are bound with blind imitation, the room o reason

and wisdom are not really welcomed

D l t


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•

!n the early o FXth century, the situation in the West isslowly to change due to the emergence o modernism Phere are Khristian philosophers such as #ene Descarteswho brings the idea o Rs8epticism$ about the e;istence

o worldly lie and the pursuit o absolute 8nowledge• Phis idea has been developed due to rotestant

#eormation which was led by ?artin Quther Phis eventgives a massive impact to the s8eptical oundation o

Descartes >is amous Huote ;I t&n< tere!re I am= isre@ected about sel%consciousness o rationalism toovercome doubt !n simple words, by process o thin8ingpeople would come to believe the reality o this lie

Development


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Carater&'t&' !5'tm$ern&'m

i> S


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Carater&'t&' &&&> ?#e't&n&n. te9t'

7n &nerent a#tr&t r @et&&t ! te te9t'e&ter &'tr&a% r %&tera% r ter1&'e &n revealing the

authors intent

%inormation provided by te;t might be partly true to aparticular group but not to others

%happening as uncertain, no authority 8nows what reallyhappened

%reevaluate te;t has to happen otherwise the te;t is not

relevant


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Carater&'t&'

iv Phe linguistic turn

%ostmodernists argues that language shapespeople$s thin8ing and that there can be nothought without language Po them, languageliterally creates truth


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Carater&'t&' • Tr#t &' a per'pet&e matter> Pruth is a

matter o conte;t rather than being somethinguniversal ?en only has access to reality the

way it appears to us ?an must ac8nowledgethat their thin8ing is shaped by orces beyondtheir control !n order to diminish bias in

&udgment, men cannot claim that truthe;clusively belong to them, that is a alsestatement >ence, truth &ust a mere re@ectionbased on one$s belie or perception


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• #EBE#EKE9:

• ?erriam Websters Kollegiate Dictionary, TTM, "ccessed ?arch O,TFN, http:ZZwwwmerriam%webstercomZdictionaryZpostmodern

• aul ewall, “ostmodernism”, Iun F, TTN, "ccessed ?arch X,http:ZZwwwgalilean%libraryorgZsiteZinde;phpZpageZinde;htmlZZessaysZintroducingphilosophyZF%postmodernism%r]

•

>assan !hab, Phe ostmodern Purn, Essays in ostmodern Pheory andKulture, '7hio: 7hio niversity ress, FS]X6, F

• Klinton ennet, ?uslim and ?odernity 'Qondon: ?G oo8s Qtd,odwin, Kornwall, TTN6, S

• >ans artens and Ioseph atoli, trans ostmodernism: Phe Aey

Bigures '7;ord: lac8well ublisher Qtd, TT6, FFF%FFS• ertens and atoli, Aey Bigures, FLO%FMT

• ertrand #ussell, >istory o Western hilosophy 'ew _or8:#outledge, TTT6, MFT%F


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5r&n&p%e' ! p't7m$ern&'m

o absolute truth, truth is relative, contingency iseverythingo reality9imulacrum: !magination and speculation?eaningless and valueless Potal Doubt?ultiplicities o truth, ethnicities, diversities, andculturesEHual representation or class gender se;ual

orientation


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WEE- te I'%am& 1r%$&e1 De/n&t&n 'e%ete$ M#'%&m '%ar'


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Defnitions

" set o belies about undamental aspects o #eality such asGod, man, universe, lie ater death and their relations that

in@uence all one$s perceiving, thin8ing, 8nowing and doing

" theistic and ethical worldview that contrasts withsecularistic, materialistic, naturalistic and post%modernisticworldviews

" study o the world, perception o the universe, a philosophyo lie, outloo8 on lie, and ormula or lie, ideology and aith


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" set o belies that lie and e;istence came into beingas a result o the will, desire and design o the Kreator

" comprehensive conception o the universe and man$srelation to it, the vision o the reality and truth thatappears beore one mind$s eye revealing what

e;istence all about


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nderstanding the undamental Huestionspertaining to the issues o God, the e;istence othe seen and unseen, universe, man, lie, belie,

khilafah, ethical values and standard norms,history and 9hariah

" guidance o a balance approach between both

worldly lie ' 1 6 and al-akhirah ' jk1 6 in whichthe dunia aspect must be ine;tricably lin8ed to theakhirah aspect, and in which the akhirah aspecthas ultimate and fnal signifcance


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Defned by selected ?uslimscholars

" perception or an idea on issues pertaining to the Kreator, universeand its purposes, unctions, rophethood, man, society, and hereateras opposed by other worldviews '"bdul >amid "bu 9ulayman6

" comprehensive conception o the "llah 'swt6, universe and manand their relations rom !slamic perspective 'sources: the revelation,intellect and senses6'Aamal >assan6

Phe vision o reality and truth that appears beore our minds eyerevealing the world o e;istence in its totality '"l%"ttas6

" metaphysical survey o the visible and invisible worlds including theperspective o lie as a whole derived rom the Divine source '"l%"ttas6


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Defned by selected ?uslimscholars

" mental ramewor8, mental attitude, a totalityo concepts, ultimate oundation o all humanconduct, scientifc, philosophical andtechnological activities developed by theindividual throughout hisZher lie '"lparslan6

" comprehensive !slamic design o reality

relating to human lie, the epistemology o theDivine nity, the world reality and the worldsystem derived rom divine source 'Khoudhury6


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WEE- SIB

Carater&'t&' ! te I'%am&1r%$&e1


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Al-Rabbaniyyah 'Divineorigin6 Al-Thabut 'Phe ermanent#ealities6 Al-Suhumul 'Komprehensive6 Al-Tawazun/Al-Wasatiyyah 'balance6

Al-Waqiyyah '#ealism6 Al-Ijabiyyah 'Dynamism6 Al-Tawhid ( the 7neness o"llah6


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D&&ne Or&.&n ( Al-Rabbaniyyah)

Divinely%revealed guidance originated rom divine source and

ordained by "llah with all its constituents and characteristics'O:FNF6

#abb means Qord or all creatures, 'no proper eHuivalentmeaning in English or #abb6, its Kreator, 7wner, 7riginator,

sustainer, Kherisher, lanner, and the Giver o securityRabbaniyyah means RQordship$ ' L:XO6, Kherishing, sustaining

and bringing to maturity, and Godliness ' FTNX, F:F6


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Understanding the term Rabb” :7ne who brings up, rear, osters or nourishes, or isresponsible or doing all or one or more than one otheseGuardian, patronU one who supervises or is responsibleor carrying out improvements7ne who occupies a central or ocal position, whohimsel gathers people round himsel o his own orround whom people gather out themselvesQeader, head, chie, or lordU one whose word is obeyed,and whose supremacy or over% lordship ac8nowledged,and who has authority to dispose o men or things7wner or ?aster


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Komprehensiveness '9humul6

!slam: message o all time

?essage o whole humanity ?essage or all aspects o lie

Komprehensive ‘aqidah

Komprehensive Ribadah

Komprehensive shari`ah


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?oderationZ alance'Pawa


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Al-Waqi`iyyah'#ealismZpracticality6

9tand o various ideologies

ractical ‘Aqidah

ractical ‘Ibadah

ractical Akhlaq or ?orality

ractical Shari`ah


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9tand o various ideologies :

Phis concept contains certain unchangeable realities, so all

development and changes in the !slamic society must bewithin the ramewor8 o these permanent realities

Kommunism:

Khristianity Rs asceticism : uddhism and Konucianism:

>induism

ractical `Aqidah

• 1)*q 3 x 1z { x | } ~ q • q | € ‚ € | ƒ )3q } ~ q + q „ … x † ‡ €| ˆ ‰q61 Š { ‡‹ 5 ( Œ ‡ Ž † 3q z Š ‘ . Š ’ ˆ + { ‡‹ 5FFT%•~1 'F] %

`


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ractical `Ibadah

Œ – 1 … • + ’ z Œ … • • / zq €| Š — { q + € 1 q + ‹ ~ 3q

6]O% Œ1 ' % !slamic Ribadah maintains variety in its 8inds

hysical endeavor such as prayer Binancial sacrifce such as a&& and

Rmrah 9ome Ribadat are made daily, wee8ly, yearly,

and once in a whole lietime

• ractical ?orality:


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ractical 9hariah

rovided laws and guidance to lead every aspect ohuman lie in order to achieve the success o theworldly lie and the success o lie ater death suchas 6. Š Œ / / z 2 Š † { q €| ƒ ° ‹ 1 1)‡q ³ zL1/01 '

%FX %

Al-Ijabiyyah 'Dynamism6


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j yy ' y 6

!t is e;pressed in the active and ongoing

relationship o "llah with >is creations, theuniverse, lie, and man !t also re@ects on?an$s activities in his own sphere

Al-Tawhid 'the 7neness o "llah6

Phe 7neness o "llah or 8nown as Tawhd, isthe most paramount constituent o the !slamicconcept !t is the undamental Pruth o the

aith and chie characteristic o the !slamicconcept


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Wee<

A%%a E''ene* Attr&#te' an$Wr'&p

Te E''ene ! A%%a


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Te E''ene ! A%%a

elieving in "llah and >is attributes as the part o !man to be a?uslim>is essence is the !n"(wahid#$ Eternal ' Ajaliyyun#$ %ndl"ss

( "badiyyun6, and unseen (&haib#$ Kreator, Iudge, 7mnipotent,?erciul, Gracious, Kherisher o the Worlds, and the authority othe Day o Iudgement >is e;istence in every where and nothing is li8e unto >im

Every thing will perish but >e ']:]]6 All attributes o perection e;ist in >is EssenceKlimates, &oys, sadness and happiness happened by >iscommand


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>is essence

"llah as the cause o all causes

“´erily, when >e intends a thing, >is commandis “e” and “!t is” ']:]6

>is essence is as absolute, eternal and infnite


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>is "ttributes

'' attribut"s f )im *mst b"autiful nam"s+ (al-asm, al-.usn,# f All,h

Th"s" nam"s ha" b"0m" bj"0ts f d"t"d r"0itatin and m"ditatin1

Amn& th" nam"s f All,h ar"2

a1 Al-)ayyu (th" attribut" f b"in& ali"#

b1 Al-3urid (th" attribut" f willin

01 Al-khaliq (th" attribut" f b"in& th" 4r"atr#

d1 Al-Alim (th" attribut" f knwl"d&"#

"1 Al-Sami (th" attribut" f h"arin


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"l%ashir 'the attribute o seeing6

"l%adir 'the attribute o being the possessor o power the #eal Pruth 'al%µaHH6,

al%µa8¶m 'the Wise6

al%·"


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Al-Ilah

The connotation of the word ilah includes thefollowing:

Phe capacities:

to ulfll the needs o others

to give them shelter and protection

to relieve their minds o distress and agitation, superiority,and the reHuisite authority and power to do all these

to be mysterious in some way or hidden rom mens eyes,

and the turning o men eagerly to him

Phe re%"rabian concept o Ilah


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p

"rab o ignorance regarded as ilahs were their

patrons and lords who would come to rescue themduring their danger time or di^culty time

rendered themselves sae rom ear, molestation orharm

Phey also believed that they could invo8ed theiridolsZilahs in times o distress or or ulflment o anyo their needs

Phey included as ilahs, Iinns, angels, and gods, butdead humans too

5urani0 a66ra0h t Ilah


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5urani0 a66ra0h t Ilah

“ And )" aln" is th" Ilah in th" h"a"ns and th" Ilah in th""arth7 and )" aln" is th" all-Wis"$ th"all-8nwin& (that is$ )" aln" 6ss"ss"s th" wisdm and th"knwl"d&" r"quir"d fr &"rnin& su0h

a 9main: 'ML:]M6} q € 1 q » € 1 ) ©q €| { » | x 1z { x » | } ~ q • q » | z “"nd your god is one God Phere is no deity ¼worthy o worship½e;cept >im, the Entirely ?erciul, the Especially?erciul”':FOL6

-q ) ¢ 1 ‚ ¢ 1 ) ©q | { | { q + € 1“"ll¹h¾ one has the right to be worshipped but >e, the EverQiving, the 7ne Who sustains and protects all that e;ists 'L:6

1 ‹̈ 5 { ¿+ € q 1

¼"ll½ praise is ¼due½ to "ll¹h, Qord o the worlds % 'F:6

Al-8h,liq


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Al-8h,liq

"llah as the originator or creator o every thing q – € ³ ~ q + € ~ q + ‰ … €1z ~ q + j €1 } q ~ q ‡€ 5 1 q Œ q 1 £q € 1 • 3¢ م م ن م ى و ع

ي

“7 ?an8ind, worship your Qord, who created you and

those beore you, that you may become righteous” ':F6 Phe terms such as 8halaHa, bada, atarah &aala,

sawwa and bara are used or the creation o things

œ À ˆ ‹ q ƒ+ » ’ ) ©q z ¬q q Œ q œ À ˆ ‹ q Á q j ) ©q €1 { » 1 ~ q ‡¢ 5 { q + Â» 1 } q ~ q ¦» و ع

ل

م ˆ x z€

“Phat is "ll¹h, your QordU there is no deity e;cept >im, theKreator o all things, so worship >im "nd >e is Disposer

o all things ” 'O:FT6

al-3,lik


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al 3,lik

"l%?ali8 means: Phe real authority and the #eal Aing, Who is 9el%9u^cient in >imsel and >is attributes and needs nothing but allthings in e;istence need >im or everything

“9ay¾ 7 "llah , Qord o ower and #ule, you give power to whom you

want, and you stripes o= rom whom you want”'L:O6 Phe term Rmul8$ has been mentioned TO times in the uran such

as mala8at '“possess”6 and mul8u '“dominion”6

Qinguistically ?ali8 reers to the attribute o mul8U which points topower and ability: “Phey do not possess ability“ 'FL:FO6 , 3ulk also means possession and ownership “Phe authority o theheavens and earth“ ' :FTX6

“

Al-)akim


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Al )akim Al-)ak""m means ‘ Phe "ll%Wise Phe IudiciousR LL times are

mentioned in the uran

>is wisdom is ultimate who did not create and legislate anything invain

>is divine will is >is perect wisdom who is &ust &udge

>is scientifc creation is the symbol or people o understanding >is decrees, in@icts, and relieves are in the most rightul way,

place, and time

>is "ll%wise is in >is creating and perecting, in >is commanding,>is sayings and actions

“! 3usa;


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Wee8 ] Ta1&$ an$ It' Eet' n

Man=' L&!e

Pawhid defned


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Pawhid defned

Phe word al%Pawhid derives rom the word z or 1, whichmeans unity or the 7ne ' 'the 7ne6 is the oneness o"llah 'swt6 which implies the essence o all reality premises!t is as the central theme o !slam, which enables men to

understand everything that e;ists in the universePhe oneness o >is e;istence and words, which are identicaland infnite"bsolutely no being worthy to be worshiped but "llah"s the wider, the greatest and richest meanings in the wholeo !slam 9uch as a whole belie, a whole value and morality,a whole spirit and matter, a whole culture, a wholecivili


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Pawhid defned

?an$s submission and adoration must be bowedonly to >im

>e is the Eternal, absolute and no limited by timeand space and circumstances

Divine 8nowledge through which man mayunderstand the whole perception o tawhid

"s a central theme, core belie, bedroc8 andbeautiul o !slam, which promote spiritual andmoral imporovements

Why do we need to believe in


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Why do we need to believe in Pawhid J

Pawhid as the bac8bone o !slam, which has two aspects:naf 're&ection6 and ithbat 'a^rmation6"s the wider, the greatest and richest meanings in thewhole o !slam 9uch as a whole belie, a whole value and

morality, a whole spirit and matter, a whole culture, awhole civili


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Why do we need to believe in PawhidJ

"s man$s innate or inborn natural Huality

?an is indebted to "llÃh or his e;istenceand sustenance

"s the essence o !slam

Breeing a man rom mental,psychological, political, social, economic,cultural and civili


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E=ects o Pawhid on ?an s Qie

F Wider 7utloo8 'FX:MM6• 9el #espect 'X:FSM6•L ?odesty'N:OL6•M ´irtuous Kharacter 'MS:FL6•N 7ptimistic "ttitude 'LS:NL6•

O Determination "nd erseverence ' S:NF6•X ravery ' O:]6•] Kontent >eart 'L:XL6•S Potal 9ubmission Po God$s Kommands ' NT:F]6


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Wee8 Sniverse

Koncept and purpose o the


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Koncept and purpose o theuniverse in !slam• Phe uran contains a tantali


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•

"nd the earth ` We have spread it and cast therein frmly setmountains and caused to grow therein ¼something½ o every well%balanced thing ¼FN:FS½

• Phe sun and the moon ¼move½ by precise calculation, and the starsand trees prostrate "nd the heaven >e raised and imposed thebalance, that you not transgress within the balance ¼NN:N%]½

• "lso, !t is not allowable or the sun to reach the moon, nor does thenight overta8e the day, but each, in an orbit, is swimming ¼LO:L]%MT½

• "llah 'swt6 clearly says in the uran about the purpose o thecreation o man8ind:

• Phe ultimate purpose o creation: “"nd ! did not create the &inn and

man8ind e;cept to worship ?e”'9urah "d%Dhariyat NF:NO6

niverse as "llah$s creation


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niverse as "llah s creation

• “>e 'God6 is the 7riginator o the heavens and theearthÄ” 'uran O:FTF6

• “!s not >e who created the heavens and the earth"ble to create the li8es o themJ _esU and >e isthe Anowing Kreator >is command is only when>e intends a thing that >e says to it, Re,$ and itis” 'uran LO:]F%]6

•

“>ave those who disbelieved not considered thatthe heavens and the earth were a &oined entity,then We separated them, and made rom waterevery living thingJ Phen will they not believeJ”'uran F:LT6

Phe concept o


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Phe concept o ayat kawniyyah

• Phe so`called cosmological verses or ayat 8awniyyahare reHuently Huoted as one o the many miraclesincluded in the ur$an

• “Do they not loo8 into the realm o the heavens andthe earth and everything that "llah has created and¼thin8½ that perhaps their appointed time has comenearJ 9o in what statement hereater will theybelieveJ” 'X:F]N6

• “Phen do they not loo8 at the camels % how they arecreatedJ” % “"nd at the s8y % how it is raisedJ” % “"ndat the mountains % how they are erectedJ” % "nd atthe earth % how it is spread outJ ']]:FX%T6

Phe concept o Taqd""r


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p q• adeer derives rom qdr , which has our meanings:

i Po have the power to accomplish, or to be capable to dosomething

ii Po measure, to distribute something, or to ma8e maniest

iii Po decree or ordain

iv Po prevail the truth

• Phis root appears FL times in the uran in FF derived ormsE;amples o these orms are yaqdiru '“he has power”6,qaddarnaa '“we have decreed”6, al-qadr '“o power”6 andqaadirun '“is "ble”6

Taqd""r


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• Phe belie that everything that happened, is happening and

will happen is according to the 8nowledge, will andcommand o "llah

• Qinguistically it demonstrates that power is established asan attribute o "llah and that >e has absolute ower >e is

the 7ne who is capable o doing everything, who hasperect power over the creation, who measures everythingwith perection

• >is ability combined with >is infnite Anowledge ma8es >im

"l%adeer and >e is in control o >is creation$s destiny• VGod is the Anower o the utureU >e does not permit

anyone to unveil such 8nowledge 7nly through themessenger that >e chooses does >e reveal uture and past

eventsV X:X

Taqd""r


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Taqd""r

• Phe rophet, ?ay "llahs peace and blessings be

upon him said, “´erily a man is deprived o aprovision 'that was written or him6 because o asin that he commitsU only supplication changesdestinyU and only righteousness can increase thelie span”

• "llah states in the >oly ur$an, “´erily we createdman rom a drop o mingled sperm, in order to tryhim: so we gave him 'the gits6, o hearing andsight We showed him the way: whether he begrateul or ungrateul 'rests on his will6” 'XO:%L6

Taqdir


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Taqdir

Each o the ob&ects that constitute nature hasbeen a purpose and its measure, destiny, androle 'N:, ]X:L6

Every thing is adaran maHdura 'specifc andprecise6 'LL:L]6

Taskhir ('#@#.at&n) te


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@ .#n&er'e

!n modern cosmological terms, tas8hir reers to the high degree ofne%tuning o the design%parameters o the universe or the supporto lie on earth, and ultimately, conscious and intelligent human lie

Pas8hir is everything e;ists in the universe has been sub&ected toserve man and or human utili


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#n&er'e

>is creation is uncountable such as

“>e gives you o all that you as8 or, but i youcount the avor o "llah, never will you be able tonumber them” 'FM:LM6

Phis universe is as a place o settlement oman8ind and all acilities are provided orutiliis rule ':FOM, X:FN,FL:6

Pasbih o nature


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Pasbeeh means gloriying "llah$s glory, power and signs, which

re@ect the uniormity o tawhid such as “Phe seven heavens and the Earth and all they contain gloriy

>im, and there is not a thing but e;tols >is gloryU but you do notunderstand how they gloriy >im” 'FX:MM6

“Everything in the heavens and on Earth glorifes "llah” ¼9ºrahal%Iumuah: F½

Phese verses spea8 about is the glorifcation o "llah that allcreation participates in by its very nature Phis includes everyinanimate ob&ect in the heavens and the Earth, as well as everyliving thing We also participate in this glorifcation Each limb oour physical bodies e;tols "llah$s praises, as does every cell andatom rom which they are composed Phis glorifcation is inherentin the very nature o created things

Phe end o the universe


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• "llah is al%"a8hir, mean the 7ne who is last the ultimate >e is the7ne who remains ater creations perish and >e is the 7ne beyondwhom there is nothing '9ee NX:L6

• We learn rom the uran that this world will come to an end: ”Wehave adorned everything on earth, in order to test them, and thus

distinguish those among them who wor8 righteousness!nevitably, We will wipe out everything on it, leaving it completelybarrenV 'F]:X%]6

• !n 9urah "r%#ahmaan 'O and X6 "llah says that all the residents

o earth will perish and die Even the residents o the heavens willdie, e;cept whomever "llah wills >e is the 7ne who remains

• “7 my people, this worldly lie is only ¼temporary½ en&oyment, andindeed, the >ereater ` that is the home o ¼permanent½settlement” 'MT:LS6


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Wee8 FT?an: 7rigin and Bitrah

?an$s origin and his Ftrah


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g

Or&.&n ! man8 ?an is a multidimensional creature in !slam who standsbetween the material and spiritual worlds and parta8es thenature o both ?an is created being originated by the command o "llahrom clay who needs resources o the material world or hispersonal growth and social ulfllments 9piritually, God breathed >is own spirit into him that re@ectsin man$s ftrah and that constitutes the relationship to his Qord


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FT

Pwo crucial dimensions o man mentioned in

the uran Birst dimension:?an is addressed in his ultimate nature: hisessential characteristics and behaviorsUhence ta8ing several integral eatures andattributes, such as Insan 'human being6,>ashar 'man8ind6, >ani Adam 'children o"dam6


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FTL

Phe 9econd dimension:

?an is as a moral beingo>is attributes mentioned in the Huran suchas 8hilafah 'vice%gerency6, Taqwa 'piety6,Iman ( belie #, Islam 'total submission to God6,and Ihsan 'benevolence6o >is shortcomingsZwea8nesses such as Gujur

'immorality6, al 8ufur 'disbelieving6, Hifaq 'hypocrite6, \ulm 'in&ustice6, Fsq ("il a0t#$an&"r$ and s n

Kreation o man in !slam


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Pwo shapes o man$s creation:

i creation o "dam ii creation o his childreni Creat&n ! A$amGod ashioned "dam out o ba8ed clay, which, whenorgani


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ii Kreation o "dam s children

} € Åq œ ~ … 5œ1 ‰ ‚ 2 Š — Æ q ¬q + * } € „ q œ Ç … 2 œ . /q … 0 1 + j z ) ~ …Š ± ’ 2 ž Ÿ q 1 + È 2 Š ž Ÿ …q 2 + 1 + È 2 Š + ’ 2 — Æ ¢ 1 + j È 1 q { q + € 1 Ž 5Œ – j « Š + j ¬q

† } € Åq Š - ± 1 V “"nd certainly We created man o an e;tract o clayU

Phen We placed him as 'a drop o6 sperm in a place o rest,frmly f;edU Phen We made the sperm into a clot ocongealed bloodU then o that clot We made a 'oetus6lumpU then we made out o that lump bones and clothed thebones with @eshU then we developed out o it another

creature 9o blessed be "llah, the best to create¾”'ur$an L:F%FM6

?an$s position and his role on earth


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FTO

p

F6 ?an is honorable creature above all

F J K J P K J Q J X J Y Z [ \ ] Q ̂ _J ̀ b J c d J Y ̀_ fg hX i J X J j ` k K f P l ` d _ J J o

q fj J s c J X u We have honoured the sons o "damU providedthem with transport on land and seaU given themor sustenance things good and pureU and

conerred on them special avours, above a greatpart o our creation 'ur$an FX: XT6

6 ?an as God$s vicegerent on earth


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FTX

F J v j w J ̂ x o y oJz { | J v X w } ~• ̀ €

^̀ o ‚̀ƒ J s ] _ Q J € X K J f P k } o\ „ w J ̂ … € J † fZ ò o† € ‡ ˆ ‰̀ƒ Š c w J x ‹ Œ F!t is >e Who has made you '>is6 agents,inheritors o the earth: >e has raised you inran8s, some above others: that >e may try youin the gits >e has given you: or your Qord isHuic8 in punishment: yet >e is indeed 7t%

orgiving, ?ost ?erciul '"l%"nam, O: FON6

?eaning o khalifah


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Ahaliah is the one who e;ercises delegated poweron behal o the 9upreme "uthority” >e is not themaster but the deputy o the 7ne who hasentrusted him with power

?eaning o 8haliah


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FTS

?eaning o 8haliah Entrusted with certain powers to govern the world Given reedom o action, choose right over wrong>as duties and responsibilities to >is KreatorU to

himsel, to his ellow men and to other creatures o"llah

EHuipped with 8nowledge to establish &ustice >eld responsible and accountable or all his

actions on the Day o Iudgment

romised aradise i he succeeds in ulflling hisresponsibilities and hell%fre i he ails to do so"llah sent ?essengers to guide man8ind ¼al%"Rra 'X6:

LN½

Bunctions o 8haliah


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Bunctions o 8haliah

Po deend and maintain the religion Po protect the territory o !slam Po saeguard the citi


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6 p

F6 "s a creature honored and honorable 'FX:XT66 "s an appointment o 8hilaah':LT6L6 "c8nowledging man$s superiority over angles

':LM6M6 "s all creatures have been sub&ected to men

':S6N6 "s a created being 'F:OX6O6 "s a purposive being and an evolutionary being

'L: FFN%FFO6X6 "s a moral being '?an has been created with

the purpose o pursuing moral struggle has beena^rmed thus6'FF:X6

M6 ?an as worshipping being


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a ?an is wea8 and susceptible to error 'M:]6

b ?an is given to impatience 'F:LX6c ?an su=ers rom sentimentalism 'FF:S%FT6d ?an is a contentious creature in order to provide truearbitration and the conseHuent harmony and peace inhuman relations ']:S6

N ?an as physical and socialbeings


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beings

a rotect his lie rom harmul thing ':FSN6b "ll things which harm physical health, prohibited':FO]6c "busing or damaging any limb o one$s body isprohibited ']:X6

d Kommitting suicide is prohibited 'M:S6e hysical cleanliness and development ']:OT, S:FT]T

O ?an as a rational being


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O ?an as a rational beinga alanced and healthy development o human 8nowledge inall dimensionsb 9ervice to humanity in terms o correct and comprehensiveguidancec 9piritual and material achievements through 8nowledge,

especially empirical reality 'LN:]6d !mproving 8nowledge through observation, e;periment andresearch in order to achieve the success o this world and thesuccess o lie ater death 'LM:MO6

X "s a spiritual being


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a ?aintaining a constant attitude o respect and lovetowards "llah 'swt6 or acHuiring the blessing o Divinepleasure and Divine love 'N:NX6 “Whom >e will love andthey will love >im”b Baith in the unity o "llah 'swt6 perects monotheismand it implies loyalty to >im 'O:FT6

c Prust in "llah 'swt6 cultivates >is goodness, mercy andhelp 'LS:S6d 9ubmission to >im and improving relationship with>im 'N:O6

e 9ee8ing guidance rom >im as the possessor and thesource o 8nowledge 'F:N6 9howing respect to >im by believing in all >is prophets'L:FXS6g Disobedience and arrogance in respect o >im isrohibited L:FN


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]?an is born with the essential goodness or good innateHualityS?an as a wea8 creature and has a con@ict in his nature'L:FM6

FT?an has limited reedom or reali


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?an s innate characteristics

F ?an is a multiaceted being'not satisfedwith what he has6 ?an$s sense o wantingL ?an$s morality

M ?an$s sense o eternityN ?an$s sense o responsibilityO ?an is an impotent and wea8 beingX ?an is a being with conscience

] ?an has a nasS ?an has an intellectFT ?an has Huality o love and a=ection

?an$s innate characteristics


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?an s innate characteristics

FF ?an is the slave o >is sustenanceF 9el%centeredFL God%centered, ortunate manFM #ebellious, capricious man

FN eedy beingFO nhappy and unortunate manFX Bond o his stomachF] "rrogantFS Phe type given to drin8T Qa


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Phe Koncept o Huwuwwah and its

relevance to human lie

?eaning o ubuwwah


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God has created no community o beings in the world

without a guide or leaderGod has created everything with a purpose and lethumanity with rophets to guide them to spiritual,intellectual and material perection rophethood is translated into "rabic as nubuwwah')Œ16 abi reers to prophet who gives news rom Godrophetic e;perience has been described by ?uslimtheologians as something out o ordinary e;perience

abi and #asul


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Phe two words are used interchangeably in the uran,the same person sometimes being called nabi andsometimes rasulU while occasionally both names arecombined Phe prophet has two capacities: he receives

inormation rom God, and he imparts his message toman8ind he is called nabi in the frst, and rasul in thesecond capacity, but there is one di=erence

abi and #asul


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#asul is higher than nabi, because the rasul

brings a divine legislation with him, whereasthe nabi ollows the legislation o the previousrasul Phus, rasul is also nabi, but a nabi maynot necessarily be a rasul


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Bunctions o the prophets

F6 Po be role model to human8ind6 Po convey divine message to the peopleUL6 Po e;plain the divine to the peopleU

M6 Po act as a rolemd"l-qudwatun hasnah

N6 Po correct people$s wrong doings


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125/169

M Bollowing the 9unnah o the rophet is anobligation upon every ?uslimV1z q Ê 3 } € Åq } • q ‡ Ê À Ž ) q ~ ‹ 3q ƒ– € ) q … Ë 3q É ‡‹ 5 z .

6 “ Š + ³ 1) q + ‹ 3q z Ÿ ‰ € … *Š } • — q ‚M:ON'

N 9evere unishment will in@icted upon those who

do not ollow the 9unnah o the prophet "llah 'swt6says in the >oly ur$an,V} • q Œ § 3q z 2 x – } • q Œ § ³q ¬ … ’ )— q È 3q 3 €1 5 + } x ẍ 1 ’ V O Phe rophet never told any lies Whatever he

said is revelation rom "llah 'swt6Vƒ )3q ‚ x z €| ) ©q | ²) • 1 ’ Á q Æ 3 … zV “or does he say 'aught6 o 'his own6 Desire !t isno less than inspiration sent down to him” ¼al%a&m'NL6: L%M½

#elevance to man$s lie


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#elevance to man s lie

X6 7bedience to the rophet is obedience to "llah anddisobedience to him is considered disobedience to "llah'9WP6 "llah '9WP6 says in the >oly ur$an,V} • + ’ Ž + / 5

ƒ€ ) ³ … z { + € 1 Ì Ç ª )/q € 1 Í Æ 3q …

± Š — V “>e who obeys the ?essenger, obeys "llahU but i any

turn away, We have not sent thee to watch over their'evil deeds6” ¼al%isa$ 'M6: ]T½

Phe termination o ubuwwah


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FX

Phe termination o ubuwwah

When the 5ur:an says that the institution o Hubuwwah )Œ1 'rophethood6 has been terminatedu s ˆ X ̀ €Œ o d J v J v } o d J _P b Z Ž ̂Ž b † Y ̀ _ ‚ _d ff P K ̀F

“?uhammad is not the ather o any o your men, but'he is6 the ?essenger o "llah, and the 9eal o therophets” 'LL:MT6, it means that the institution o #isalah2/1 '?essengerhood6 has also been terminated since

the closure o a general cadre automatically means thatthe upper ones have also been terminated


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Koncept:

!n !slam, there is not only the lie o thisworld but also lie in the world to come Phis world is li8e a feld in which our

actions are sown li8e seeds and theygrow into plants which are thenharvested in the ne;t world, much li8e

the rophet 'pbuh6 saying: this world isthe growing feld or the planting feld orthe ne;t world”

Al-Akhirah 'the End, >ereater6


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FLT

elie in al-Akhirah is a basic article o !slamic aith,

along with belie in God, >is angels, >is oo8s, and>is ?essengers, Divine Decree and redestination"ter the doctrine o tawhid and #evelation "ll o the teachings o !slam would crumble i the

aterlie or the eternal lie were to be denied!t is thereore incomplete and indeed impossible todiscuss the teachings o !slam without reerring tothe great signifcance that al-Akhirah possesses, not

only or man$s fnal end but also or his lie in thisworld

Al-Akhirah literally translates into English as Rthelast$ or “the end” as it deals with the ultimate destiny


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FLF

yo man8ind and the world

7ten enclosed within a Gree8 term "s0hatl&y ,means “the science or teachings concerning the lastthings” Al-Akhirah, in !slamic belie system, specifcallyreers to the R>ereater$!t signifes both “the other and ultimate state oe;istence in the world to come and the lie oeverlasting duration,” and “the good or blessing othe ultimate state o the other world” !n bothsenses, it is opposed to al-9uny,, which means the“here%and%now” o lie and immediate and transientvalues

ames o al-Akhirah


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FL

Phe Day o #esurrection 'awm al-5iy,mah/al->a‘th6 when all the dead bodies will be brought bac8to lie and then assembled Phe Day o "ssembly “awm al-JamR” to stand trial Phe Day o Iudgment “awm al-9Kn” and account

or individual deeds o commission and omission Phe Day o #ec8oning “awm al-Lis,b” !t is also named in more than MT ways in theur$an such as al-5,ri:ah$ al-L,qqah$ and awm al-8hulMd#

Phe nbelievers and al-Akhirah


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FLL

F qb‹b } q cX J ‚ € €w K J Y ‰̀ƒŽ q s o q _‘ i ̀ • |Ž

J € J o b ’ Q K v J ‹ Y ̀_P q cX J J Ž qb‹b Z J Ž “q o” Z J €‰ €

‚ €j ‡ J f “ ̀_ ̀Ž J l ~• ̀ ‰b fw ‹ d_ ‚ € €c f q K‹ ‚ €v ‹ ‚Ž h i J € h– _ ‚ € €c ‹ J — Œ ̃ o f J ƒ™Œšu

Phey say: VWhat¾ when we are reduced to bones anddust, should we really be raised up 'to be6 a newcreationJV 9ay: ecome stones or iron 7r created matterwhich, in your minds, is hardest 'to be raised up6,% '_etshall ye be raised up6¾V then will they say: VWho will cause

us to returnJV 9ay: V>e who created you frst¾V Phen willthey wag their heads towards thee, and say, VWhen willthat beJV 9ay, V?ay be it will be Huite soon¾ 'FX:MS%NF6

Why do we need to believe in al-Akhirah J


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FLM

Akhirah J" maniestation o divine &ustice 9ome criminals and

oppressed rulers may en&oy opulence and lu;ury untilthe end o their lie 7n the other hand, other peoplemight be righteous and lead a virtuous lie but did notsurvive to reap the ruits o their labors !nstead, theyhad been made a scapegoat or all sorts o crimesF› q f J œ † J ‰ X ‘ J s ž _ f c J [ € J f Ÿ J c J d ‹ € Y J x j ‰

d fK Œ Z ̂ h — ̂ f J sŽ \ J d J _ ž K ̀Z c g J _ ‚ ‚J ƒ F “We shall set up scales o &ustice or the Day o#esurrection, so that not a soul will be dealt with

un&ustly in the least, and i there be 'no more than6 theweight o a mustard seed, We will bring it 'to account6:and enough are We to ta8e account”'F:MXU see alsoFT:OFU LF:FO6

Phe ends o the lie must be clarifed beyond


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FLN

any doubt, so that men may see what they havebeen striving or and what the true purposes o lieare Phe lie indeed is incomplete i considered romthe perspective o this world alone, where valuesare grounded in the transitory rather than the

immutable † f J “ ¡J f ‰Jb ¢ “ f J ‚ £ J s J ̂hc ĴŽ V>ut th" )"r"aft"r is b"tt"r Nin quality f lif"O and

mr" "ndurin& Nin duratin½” ']X:FO%FX6

Disputes, dissensions, and con@icts o human


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FLO

orientations must be fnally resolved

F J ‚ €X Y w J s Y ̀i ¤ J ‰ ¥ _J }J Ž Y ̀i ‚ €¤ J s ¥ J fX w J ¦ – ̀ J € § P Ĵ f J ̂ ¨ – J ‹ ̀ ¢̂ o f J ̂ x Y ” J ‹F

“Say2 Pu shall nt b" qu"stin"d as t ur sins$ nrshall w" b" qu"stin"d as t what yu d+ Say2 P!ur

=rd will &ath"r us t&"th"r and will in th" "nd d"0id"

th" matt"r b"tw""n us Nand yuO in truth and justi0"2and )" is th" n" t d"0id"$ th" !n" Wh knws allV'LM:N%O6

Phe enefts o belie in al%"8hirah


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FLX

In$&&$#a% ene/t'Gives man a uniHue and valuable advantage with

a greater choice that has an eternal implication revents young people rom wasting their lives in

transitory and trivial things>elps to endure the death o the loved ones Encourages people to live a responsible lie, a lie

o peace and tranHuility revents man rom earing the passing di^culties

o lie

S&a% ene/t'elie in al-Akhirah has the primary place in


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FL]

elie in al Akhirah has the primary place inpreserving social security and preventing the spread

o corruption, crime and violation o law !t is a orcecapable o taming the rebellious desires o the soul

!t$s o the teleological implication o one$s conduct

within one$s society that will produce good citi


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FLS

elie in al-Akhirah when everyone will beaccountable or his deeds and misdeeds will imbueone with the sense o responsibility, which is acondition o sustainable development ?an willconseHuently choose the right course o action

Po conclude, we may as8 “is there anything to lose ione believes in al-Akhirah and wor8s or itJ” Pheanswer is one will lose nothing


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Wee< +2G%a%&4at&n8 De/n&t&n*

a$anta.e' an$ $&'a$anta.e'

Globali


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" process o integration and democrati


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%" global village and the e;pansion o globallin8age, which established a global consciousnessor the consolidation o world society%" historical process and the result o humaninnovation, which brea8s down geographical andgeopolitical boundaries in order to ma8e the worldinto a single global village%" borderless world and transparent in order tohave interconnection between society$s cultures,

institutions and individuals worldwide lrich ec8'TTT6

Globali


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%" process by which capital, goods, services and laborcross national borders and acHuire a transnationalcharacter, ideas, values and tastes across boundarieswhich help to reshape local political institutions, socialrelationships and cultural patterns%Phe transer o taste means shoes, drin8s, and dress andbehaviors, the transer o values means cartoons, comics,flms, languages, videos, and musicals and toys, and thetranser o ideas means secularism, postmodernism, andmaterialism into the mind o people'?u


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FMM

>elp reduce poverty by creating &obs and improving

incomes !normation technology have helped disseminate

8nowledge in many felds o study and disciplines Kommunication is cheaper and easier Kosts o

telephone calls as well as travel have allen Kommunities although heterogeneous, can be more

cooperative now that are more means ounderstanding each other

ossible or humanity to have compassion or eachother when calamities ` natural or man%made `a=ect others

!ssues such as human rights and public

t bilit b ht t th

Disadvantages o globali


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FMN

Environmental degradation due to unrestrainedlogging activities o transnational corporationswhose sole aim is to multiply profts

Economic disparities have been created Phere are

star8 regional disparities in poverty asic necessities in lie are set aside in avor o

profts ?any countries in the 9outh have beenoccupied with acilitating oreign investment inindustries that are lucrative to oreign mar8ets andorsa8ing the most undamental needs o thepeople

Disadvantages o globali


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FMO

Globali


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FMX

g gare being replaced by Western cultures

Phe global entertainment industry is propagating asuperfcial "merican pop culture, which titillates thesenses and impairs the spirit

Bormal education systems are emphasi


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environmental crisis the global order post%modernism the seculari


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Wee< +3 L&era%&'m8 $e/n&t&n an$

a%%en.e'

Qiberalism defned


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Qiberal means:

a “a ree mind rom pre&udice or discrimination” b to reorm a new idea o progress, tolerant o ideaand behavior c Phe way o thin8ing which is broad minded

liberal tradition in politics, or instance, shouldhave a religious tolerance, government by consent,personal liberty, economic reedom and socialreedom etc

Qiberalism defned


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FNF

RQiberalism$ a political philosophy based on beliein progress, the essential goodness o the humanrace, and the autonomy o the individual andstanding or the protection o political and civillibertiesU

RQiberal means: broad%mindednessU especially notbound by authoritarianism, orthodo;y, ortraditional orms

liberalism defned


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Qiberalism means: Î Phe primacy o individual reedom andchoice to believe in and to do according to hiswill

#eligious law should be brought into open ullydressed in reason and argument towardse;ercising !slamic teachings in all aspects ohuman lie

Development


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!n FSTM a reormist "bdul "


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>assan >anaf 'Egypt, born FSLN6 wrote: VPhere is noone interpretation o a te;t, but there are manyinterpretations given the di=erence in understandingbetween various interpreters "n interpretation o a te;tis essentially pluralistic Phe te;t is only a vehicle or

human interests and even passions Phe con@ict ointerpretation is essentially a socio%political con@ict, nota theoretical one Pheory indeed is only anepistemological cover%up Each interpretation e;pressesthe socio%political commitment o the interpreterV

Developemet


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"bdullahi "n%aim '9udan, born FSMO6 said: Vthereis no such thing as the only possible or validunderstanding o the uran, or conception o !slam,since each is inormed by the individual andcollective orientation o ?uslimsV

Khallenges


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FNO

• Qiberal ?uslims ob&ect to the implementation othe 9hari$ah on several grounds: 5 "gainst theocracy 5 Bor democracy 5 #ights o women 5 #ight o non%?uslims 5 Breedom o thought

• Phey call or the re%interpretation o the 9hari$ahU

they argue that the revelation is divine, butinterpretation is human and allible and inevitablyplural Emphasi


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Qiberal !slam opposes the idea o theocracy% asystem o government comprised o priests, inwhich laws o the state are believed to be thelaws o God Qiberal !slamists, li8e "li "bd al%#a


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Qiberal !slamists re%e;amine the tradition and

statements o rophet'pbuh6 and fnd them lesshostile to women$s right that is conceived orlong generation ater generation Phey try toreorm the traditional society to e;tirpate the

gap between the allen historical reality and thedesired model o !slam

Khallenges


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FNS

Qiberal !slam has been denounced by many ?uslims>assan >anaf 'Egypt6, "mina Wadud%?uhsin 'nited9tates6, "bdullahi "n%aim '9udan6 are thee;amples o Qiberal ?uslims

Phe proponents o RQiberal !slam$ has been called byso many names including R9ecularists$ andR"postates$


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Wee< +ª

E9trem&'m8 De/n&t&n* $ee%pment*man&!e'tat&n'* a#'e' an$ reme$&e'

E;tremism defned!n "rabic, Qhulu m"ans “e;cessiveness” and tashdid


161/169

FOF

ab c, Q u u "a s e cess e ess a d as d d“bigotry”q ‰ -œ ) ‰ 1) © 1) q Œ – € ³ z Á ‹ 1 Ï } ~ q 3( ‚ 1)+ q ž ³ ̈ – ~ 1 ˆ © 3 ªˆ Œ € 1 1) / ’ 1)+ ¢ › z 1 Š „ 1)+ ¢ › z ˆ q Œ ‰ … 1)+ ¢ › V“9ay: 7 eople o the oo8¾ E;ceed not in your religion the

bounds ¼o what is proper½” 'N:XX6!n hadith, “beware o e;cessiveness in religion beore youhave perished as a result o e;cessiveness”E;tremism means:

being situated at the arthest possible point rom thecenter going to great or e;aggerated lengthse;ceeding the ordinary, usual, or e;pected limitBiguratively, a similar remoteness in religion, politics

d h i i

E;tremism defned


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E;cessiveness as a strategic threat against the

security, stability and well%being E;cessiveness as a psychological disturbancesuch as the di^culty o coping with depressionor mental disorder

Dee%pment


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E;tremism as an old phenomena ound inall religions such as Iudaism, Khristianity and!slam

#eligious e;tremism:%!n the early period, there were many sectswith di=erent thoughts and belies such as

A%7-a1aar&@* M#«ta4&%a* and A%7M#r@&=aan$ ' n

FOL

M&'nept&n ! A%7-a1aar&@


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" person who commits a ma&or sin will remain inthe >ellfre orever eople against them are disbelievers and heaping

curses upon the companions o the prophet and

"nsarot to believe in the torment o the tomb ¼adhab al-

qabr ½, nor in the asin ¼)awd½, nor in the right o

intercession ¼shafaa

½

FOM

M&'nept&n ! A%7M#r@&=a


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"ctions are deerred rom !man '"l%!r&aa$6, are notpart o it

!maan is simply the complying o the heart Phus thesinner is a believer with complete !maan, even i he

does what he does rom the disobedient acts or heabandons what he abandons rom the obedientacts

! someone that abandons one o the commandmentso the #eligion is a disbeliever, then that would bedue to the absence o the complying in his heartnot due to his abandonment o that deed

FON

?aniestations o E;tremism


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FOO

F igotry and intolerance Kommitment to e;cessiveness and orcingothers to do so

L 7bsolete religious e;cessiveness andoverburdening toward others

M >arshness in the treatment o people andcrudeness in calling people to !slam

N 9uspicion: “7 believers¾ "void suspicion asmuch as or suspicion in some cases is sin”'MS:F6

Kauses o e;tremism


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F Qac8 o 8nowledge o the 9hariah Qac8 o insight into reality and history aswell as "llah$s 9unan

L Qa;ity or indi=erence to !slamic values andcorruption

M Banned by political oppression practiced byrulers or regimesN >atred and aggression actors

Kauses o e;tremism


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#emedies or e;tremismF "c8nowledging and confrming its genuine commitment by


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F "c8nowledging and confrming its genuine commitment bypractical adherence to !slamic principles in the conduct opublic a=airs

9howing a greater understanding by scholarsZolder peopletowards our youth and having reHuent and opendiscussions with them

L Pa8ing seriously e=ective steps to increase the youngpeople$s in%depth understanding o how to interpret theuran and hadith in order to achieve a true insight into the9hariah

M

!ncreasing 8nowledge and in%corporeting values in practicesN 9ympathetic understanding o abilities limitations and

Ungs 2030 Standard Note 2016

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