Ung Dung MapInfo Trong Xay Dung Ban Do

8/8/2019 Ung Dung MapInfo Trong Xay Dung Ban Do

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MC LCTrang

1.1. T p tin dliu ca MapInfo ................................................................................................................. 11.2. Thao tc trn ca sbn .................................................................................................................. 21.3. Thao tc trn dliu ............................................................................................................................. 4

1.3.1. Thayi thuc tnh ca mt l p dliu trong MapInfo.............................................................. 41.3.2. Xem v sa i cc thuc tnh ca dliu: ................................................................................. 41.3.3. L p d liu tm th i trong ca sbn .................................................................................... 41.3.4. Workspace................................................................................................................................... 5

2.1. To d liu m i trong MapInfo ............................................................................................................ 62.2. Sho bn ........................................................................................................................................ 8

2.2.1.nh ngh a. .................................................................................................................................. 82.2.2. Tin trnh sha trnnh qut .................................................................................................... 8

2.2.2.1. Khai bong nh p ta canh qut............................................................................ 82.2.2.2. Chnh sa to canh qut sau khi khai bo............................................................... 102.2.2.3. Sha............................................................................................................................... 11

2.2.3. Tin trnh sha v i bn sha (digitizer)............................................................................... 112.2.3.1. Cit dng csha ..................................................................................................... 112.2.3.2. To l p dliu sha...................................................................................................... 112.2.3.3. Xcnh nhngim nh v sha trong MapInfo................................................... 122.2.3.4. Xcnh hquy chiu v n v bn ......................................................................... 122.2.3.5. Nh p ccim nh v ta a l ca bn giy....................................................... 132.2.3.6. Sha............................................................................................................................... 13

3.1.Thayi cu trc dliu ..................................................................................................................... 153.2. Lin k t v i c s d liu c sn ........................................................................................................ 163.3. C p nht v bsung dliu................................................................................................................ 18

3.3.1 Bsung sliu thng k ............................................................................................................ 183.3.2. Bsung dliu do Mapinfo tnh ton c .............................................................................. 18

3.4. Chn v k t h p d liu theoiu kin .............................................................................................. 243.4.1 Chn cci t ng theoiu kin trong mt l p dliu. ......................................................... 243.4.2 K t h p v i mt l p dliu khc............................................................................................... 28

3.5. Tu chn ni dung ca sdliu....................................................................................................... 294.1. K t h p cci t nga l............................................................................................................... 314.2. Xa phn i t ng xl c nm trongi t ng chun .............................................................. 324.3. Xo phn i t ng xl nm bn ngoii t ng chun ................................................................ 324.4. Ct chiai t ng c xl theo ranh gi i ca cci t ng chun.............................................. 325.1. S p x p thtcc l p dliu............................................................................................................. 395.2. Thayi cch thhin ca i t ng ................................................................................................. 395.3. Ghi ch trn bn ............................................................................................................................. 415.4. Xy dng bn chuyn................................................................................................................ 425.5.nh l i ta a l v tlbn ................................................................................................ 495.6. S p x p trang in (Layout) ................................................................................................................... 516.1. Thao tc trn cci t ng................................................................................................................. 536.2. Thao tc trn t p tin ca l p dliu (Table)....................................................................................... 53

6.2.1.i tn l p dliu..................................................................................................................... 546.2.2. Xo l p dliu trn a ............................................................................................................. 546.2.3. Xo khong dung l ng a ca cci t ng b sa i .................................................... 546.2.4. Thhin dliu bng biu ................................................................................................... 556.2.5. Xut nh p cc dng d liu traoi v i cc phn mn khc................................................ 57

6.3. K t xut d liu o c bng GPS vng nh p vo MapInfo .......................................................... 606.3.1. K t xut liu o c tmynh vGPS .................................................................................. 606.3.2.ng nh p dliu vo MapInfo................................................................................................ 62

6.4. Chnh sa dliu ca bn sho................................................................................................... 63


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Xy dng bn sho v i MapInfo 6.0

Trong khungPreferred View, mc nh l Automatic, c ngh a: Nu l p d liu c cha d liu khng gian (Spatial data), tc cc i

t ng a l v i to t ng ng c lu tr d i dng s (digital format),

trn mn hnh sxut hin mt c a s bn (map window) v i cci t ngca l p dliu (c thchmt scci t ng ny). Nu d liu khng c d liu khng gian, ch c d liu phi khng gian

(cn gi l d liu thuc tnh): trn mn hnh sxut hin mt c a s d liu theo dng hng-ct (browser window) ca l p d liu .

Ta c th chn Browser xem d liu, Current Mapper: m trongcng ca s ang m , New mapper: ca s bn m i, hayNo View: khnghin g trn mn hnh (nhng s c a vo trong bnh ca my tnh).

Chng ta c thm nhiu l p d liu mt lc, v thng th ng xy

dng mt bn chng ta sdngn nhiu l p dliu.1.2. Thao tc trn c a sbn

Thayi phngi v vng nhn thy:Tham s Zoom trn trn thanh tr ng thi cho bit gi tr ngoi thc tca

chiu r ng ca sbn ang hot ng.Tt m thanh tr ng thi bng Show/Hide Status Bartrong mc Options

ca menu chnh.thay i l n ca bn trong ca s bn , chng ta c ths

dng: biu t ng phng l n (du + trong vng trn knh lp) hay thu nh(du trong vng trn knh lp).VoMap > Change Viewhay click biu t ng ca chc nng ny (du ?

trong vng trn knh lp), ca s Change Viewxut hinv i cc tham s:Zoom (-windows width):cho bit gi tr hin ti.Map Scale: cho bit gi tr hin ti 1 cm trn bn (my tnh) t ngng

v i khong cch bao nhiu trn thc t.Chng ta c ththayi mt trong hai tham sv khi thayi mt tham

sth tham skai cng thayi t ngng.Center of windows: cho bit to trung tm ca sbn . D nhin khi

thayi mt todny th ni dung trong khung nhn cng thayi.Th ng sau khi m mt l p d liu, c th trong ca s bn khng

cha ht tt ccci t ng.thy c tt ccci t ng trong ca snychng ta voMap > View Entire Layerr i chn l p d liu mun xem trongca s View Entire Layervclick OK.

Chng ta c thtr li tnh tr ng ca sbn tr c khi va c thayi v i Map > Previous View.

ThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 2


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c thm mt ca sbn ging nhmt ca s ang lm vic, chngta vo hoc Map > Clone Viewhoc Edit > Copy Map Window (Ctrl-C)r iEdit > Paste Map Window (Ctrl-V).

* Ngoi ra, chng ta cng c thdi chuyn i t ng trong ca sbn v i biu t ng bn tay trong h p cng cMain (Click vo c biu t ng ny,sau di chuyn mouse trong ca sbn r i bm v ko mouse theo h ng tamun)

* D nhin chng ta m r ng hay thu h p ca s bn bng cch dichuyn cc cnh ca khung ca s.Cch chn i t ng a l trong c a sbn :

* Chng ta c thchn tr c ti p mt i t ng hin din trong khung nhnca s bn bng cch click biu t ng Select (du mi tn l n) trong h pcng c Main, sau di chuyn cursor vo trong ca sbn , n v tr cai t ng mun chn v click.i t ng s c hin r ln.chn nhiui t ng, chng ta bm giphm Shift trong khi click cci t ng ti p theo.

* Click biu t ng Marquee Select(du mi tn trong hnh vung ng k t on) hayRad select(du mi tn trong hnh trn ng k t on) chn tt ccci t ng trong hnh trn hay hnh chnht do chng ta vra.

*Biu t ng Boundary select(du mi tn trong hnha gic ng k ton) lchn tt ccci t ng bn trong ranh gi i ca mt i t ng kiuvng xcnh tr c.

* Chng ta cn c thchn mt (hay nhiu) i t ng tdanh sch ccit ng trong ca sd liu. Mt l p d liu ci t ng a l luni km danhsch cci t ng ny.xem chng chng ta voWindows> New BrowserWindows (hay bm phm F2),chn tn l p dliu trong ca s Browser Table v click OK .

Trong ca d liu (Browser Windows)chng ta c thchn i t ngtheo yu cu ca chng ta, v dmun chn i t ng c tn l xyz, chng taschn trong ca sd liu i t ng ny mt cch ddng. Khi chng ta click vo tr ng u hng ca mt i t ng chng ta chn t ngng i t ng

trong ca sbn , mt cchc thlmi t ng ny xut hin l click vo chc nng Query>Find selection.* Mun bit thng tin vmt v tr no trong ca sbn , chng ta

sdng ca s Info (khung ch I trong h p cng cMain). Mt khi chn biut ng ny v sau click vo mt v tr trong ca sbn Info toolcho bit tiim va c click c bao nhiu l p d liu, chng ta click vo mt trongnhng l p d liu ny shin ra cc thng tin cha trong l p d liu (lit kgi tr cc ct ca l p d liu ny ca i t ng t ngng). Chng ta c thsahay nh p li cc gi tr ny.



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1.3. Thao tc trn d liu1.3.1. Thayi thuc tnh ca mt l p d liu trong MapInfo.

xem v thayi cc thuc tnh (thy c, sa i c, c chn vt ng ghi ch cho cci t ng) ca mt l p d liu sau khi c m trongMap Info, chng ta voMap>Layer Control(khiang lm vic trn mt ca s bn ) hay click biu t ng ca chc nng ny trong h p cng cMain. Sautrn ca s Layer Control, mun gn thuc tnh no cho l p d liu chng taclick vo t ngng ca thuc tnh ny.1.3.2. Xem v s a i cc thuc tnh ca d liu:

Cci t ng ca mt l p d liu ch c thsa i khi l p d liu nyc thuc tnh thy c v sa i c. Ch c th c m t l p d li u s a i c t i mt th i i m.

Cc kiu i t ng trong Map Info bao gm: kiu a gic (vng), kiuim, kiu ng v kiu vn bn (thng tin phi khng gian)

* xem thng tin ca mt i t ng, chng ta chn i t ng r i voEdit>Get Info,hoc Double Click ln i t ng. Chng ta c ththayi mtsthuc tnh ca i t ng bng cch click vo khungStyletrong ca sccit ng.

* thayi v tr a l chng ta c thdi chuyn i t ng bng cch bm (gichc lt chon khi cursor c hnh mi tn 4 chiu) v komouse.

thayi hnh dng ca i t ng kiu vng hay kiu ng chng tasdng chc nng Edit>Reshapehay click vo biu t ng ca chc nng nysau khi mt i t ng c chn. Ccim trung gian (node) ca i t ng s hin ln, chng ta c thdi chuyn v tr hay xo ccim ny; cng c ththmccim nay v i biu t ngAdd nodetrong h p cng c Drawing.

Chng ta cng c ths dng cc chc nng Cut Copy v Paste trongmc Editxo, sao dn cci t ng trong m t l p d liu hay gi a cc l pd liu.1.3.3. L p d liu tm th i trong c a sbn

Khi m mt hay nhiu l p d liu c cci t ng a l, mi l p d liuny trong ca sbn l mt Layer,mt l p bn . Trong ca sbn ,ngoi cc l p bn c m v i File >OpenTable, lun lun c mt l p bn tm th i gi l Cosmetic Layer. Cosmetic Layer l mt l p trong sut vlun nm v trn cng ca chngcc l p bn . Chng ta c thhoc MapInfo trong qu trnh x l s in thng tin trn l p bn ny. lu li nhngthng tin ny, chng ta voMap>Save Cosmetic Objectsv nh p tn mt l pd liu m i. Chng ta c thxo cc thng tin trn Cosmetic Layer v i Map>Clear Cosmetic Layer.



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1.3.4. WorkspaceMap Info c khnng lu gimi tr ng hin c bao gm cc l p d liu

v th tnhng ca s c m , kch th c v v tr ca chng trn mn hnh,

cng nhkiu ch, kiu ng, kiu biu t ng, dngthhin ccit ng, trong mt t p tin c phn m r ng l *.Wor, gi l Workspace (mitr ng lm vic vo mt th i im).

to mt workspace, chng ta voFile>Save Workspacev nh p tnmt t p tin dng *.wor thmc t ngng v chng ta m li t p tin *.wor nyv i File>Open Workspace tr li mi tr ng ny.

Chng ta th ng sdng workspacelu li mi tr ng ang lm vicm chng ta mun ti p tc v sau nh s ho bn hay lu cc bn chuyn c trang tr v s p x p trn trang in.

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Ch ng 2XY D NG D LIU KHNG GIAN

2.1. To d liu m i trong MapInfoxy dng mt d liu m i theo dng ca MapInfo (Table), chn File >

New Table,ca s New Tablesxut hin.

Chn Open New Mapper hay Add to Current Mapper khi mun to cci t ng ha. Nu ch mun ta mt c s d liu th chn Open New

Browser , Click Create, ca s New Table Structurexut hin. Cch khai botrong ca sny nhsau:

Mc Projection: Nu to d liu mt vng a l m i, tr c ht phi khai bo mc

Projection. Projection (hquy chiu) l ph ng php lm gim s bin dngxy ra khi chuyn cc i t ng a l trn mt t ln mt phng ca bngiy.

Click Projection, ca s Choose Projectionxut hin:ThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 6


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or - Nu mun khai bo theo to a l (kinh v v ) th chn

Longtitude/Latitude trong mc Category. Trong phn Category Members, tytheo hquy chiu ca bn m chng ta c thkhai bo:

- Longtitude / Latitude , chung cho cc hquy chiu- Hay Longtitude / Latithde (WGS 84), nu hquy chiu l UTM.- Hay Longtitude / Latitude (Pulkovo 1942) , nu hquy chiu l Gauss.- Nu mun khai bo theo hquy chiu, tr ng h p hquy chiu l UTM(Universal Transverse Mercator) ta chn Universal Transverse Mercator (WGS 84) trong mc Category . Ti p theo ty theo v tr ca vng kho st mchn UTM Zone 48, Northern Hemisphere (WGS 84) hay UTM Zone 49 ,

Northern Hemisphere (WGS 84) trong phn Category Members. Tr ng h ph quy chiu l Gauss, trong mc Category chng ta c th chn Gass-

Kruger (Pulkovo 1942), v trong phn Category Members chn GK Zone 18(Pulkovo 1942 ). Trong MapInfo cha c hquy chiu Gaussng nhngnha chnh sdng, khai bo va r i ch l t ngi.* Tr ng h p vng d liu c cc bn dng s, chng ta nn m mt

trong cc bn c v to m i mt d liu trong ca s bn ang hotng (Add to Current Mapper) , cc tham s lin quann Projection l gingnhca ca sbn hot ng.

D liu c to trong MapInfo c dng l mt bng (tabular) gm cchng (row) v ct hay vng (column, field). Mi vng (ct) l mt thuc tnh

t ngng ca cc hng l cci t ng.Click Add field thm vng m i. Nh p tn ca vng ny vo ca s Name, v d: Maso ; sau chn kiu d liu ca vng ny trong ca s Type .Ty theo tnh cht ca vng m kiu dliu c thl:

- Kiu snguyn (Integer): lu dcc snguyn ( 2.100.000.000) - Kiu snguyn ngn (Smal Integer): -nt- ( 32.767)- Kiu sk t(Character): ti a 254 k t.- Kiu s th p phn (Decimal):lu gi cc s th p phn du chm c

nh ; ti a di 19 s.ThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 7


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- Kiu sth p phnng (Float): lu cc sth p phn dng du chm tdo.- Kiu ngy thng (Date): theo dng mm/dd/yy hay mm-dd-yyyy, cch nhau

bng du / hay du -. V d: 03/15/92

- Kiu lun l (Logical): ch c hai gi tr l T (True) hay yes v F (False)hayno.Khai bo xong cho mi vng, mun khai bo thm ta click Add filedv

c thti p tc. Sdng Up v Down x p th tcc vng, Remove Field loi bcc vngang c nh du trong danh sch.

Khi to mt l p d liu khng gian m i (sha), th ng ch c 2 vng(ct) l vngtn v vngm s ca cci t ng a l. M sth ng l ccmc khc nhau ca cci t ng t ngng. Cci t ng a l c thcngtn hay / v cng m s. Chng ta sthm cc vng khc sau ny khi cn.

Click Create t tn cho l p dliu m i ny cng v i thmc thch h p.2.2. Sho bn 2.2.1.nh ngh a.

Sha bn l qu trnh vli mt bn giy trn my tnh nhm tomt bn vdng s(digital format) ca bn .

Sha l mt cch nh p d liu khng gian, n ghi nhn ta a l cacci t ng trn mt t, lu tr d i dng s c thxl trn my tnh.

C hai ph ng php sha bn : sha v i bn sha (digitizer) v s ha t nh qut qua my qut (scanner) ca bn giy.2.2.2. Tin trnh sha trnnh qut2.2.2.1. Khai bo ng nh p t a ca nh qut

Bn c qut qua my qut (scanner) to nn cc t p tinnh v i phnm r ng l *.tif, *.jpg, *.bmp, Ty theo kch th c bn m qut thnhnhng t p tinnh khA4 (v i my qut thng dng), hay A3, A0

s dng cc t p tinnh ny nh bn giy, ta phi khai bongnh p to ca n v c thsdng nhbn nn trong sut qu trnh sha.

Vo File > Open Table, chn Raster Image trong mc List Files of Type, k ti p chn thmc v t p tin dngnh c qut. Click OK, chn



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Registertrong ca sxut hin ng nh p ta a l t ngng. Ca s Image Registrationxut hin v i cc mc cn khai bo:

Click Projectionkhai bo thng sca hquy chiu nh c p trn.Click Unitskhai bo v n v bn l (degrees), hay mt (meters)

ty theo hquy chiu t ngng viu kin ca bn tham kho.K ti p l khai bo ccim xcnh v tr a l ca khu vc bn

c qut.T i thi u ph i khai bo b n i m v Click vo khung Newkhai bo mt im m i.

S dng khung c du + hay (phng to hay thu nh hnhnh) v ccthanh tr t a mt khu vc ca bn vo vng nhn trn my tnh.

Mi khi mun khai boim m i, phi xcnh r v tr to ca im trn bn giy v dch chuynnh qut sao cho v tr ca im nm trong

khung nhn. Click vo khung New, biu th v tr ca mouse thayi t hnht ng mi tn thnhd u ch th p. Di chuyn mousen ng v tr t ng ngca im mun nh v v click, sxut hin ca s Add control Point.



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Nh p kinhca im chn vo khungMap X v v vo khungMap Ytheo ta hmt hay h khai bo trong mc Units.

C th t tn choim ny trong khungLabel.Click Ok, trong vng thng tin ccim ng nh p sxut hin thm mt

hng tham sca im va c khai bo.Khi khai bo ti thiu 4 im, nn ch n thng tin trong ct Error.

Tr strong ct ny s c tnh ton t ng theo to ccim c khai bo. D nhin cc tr sny cng nhth bn ng nh p cng t ng h p v i v tr a l thc.

Di chuyn thanh sngn hng ghi thng tin ca mt im, ta c ththayi khai boim bng cch click Edit,khai bo to trong mc Map X vMap Y trong ca s Edit Control Point,hay xo n v i Remove hay imny xut hin trong khung hnh v i Goto.

Khi cc thng tin trong ct Errors l ch p nhn c, click OK k t thcvic ng nh p to ca vngnh qut. MapInfo sto mt t p tin c tn gingnh tn ca t p tinnh v phn m r ng l *.tab, v hin trn mn hnh trong casbn ca bn nh va ng nh p.

Ta c th iu chnhsng vt ng phn canh trongTable >

Raster> Adjust Image Style.2.2.2.2. Ch nh s a to ca nh qut sau khi khai bo

Sau khing nh p, mun khai bo to v tr ccim, voTable >Raster> Modify Image Registration, sxut hin ca s Image Registrationchng ta thm/b t/sa i v tr ccim.

Trong MapInfo c mt khnng khcnh p v sa i to ccimnh v khi chng ta c mt l p d liu bn dng sca vng bn nhmun ng nh p v i mt sv tr a lc bit nhgiaoim cc sng hay cc ng, hay hthng l i vung tng km,



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Vo File > Open Table, chn l p d liu bn c ca vnga lt ngng. M ti p bn nh (dng raster, nu mun nh p to ccim nhv) hay t p tin *.tab ca bn nh ny (dng MapInfo, nu mun sa i ta cc nh v). Sau voTable > Raster > Modify Image Registration, ca s Image Registrationxut hin, click New ng nh p mt im m i hay chnmt hng ghi thng tin ca im mun sa ta ; voTable > Raster > SelectControl Point from Map, khi vo phm vi ca sbn hot ng, cursor cdng ch th p (+), di chuyn cursor n v tr t ngng trn bn trong ca s bn hot ng v click, ca s Edit Control Poinxut hin v i to m i doMapInfo tnh ton t l p bn c. Click OK chn. D nhin sau khi nh phay sa i cc im, click OK trong ca s Image Registrationhon ttvic ng nh p.2.2.2.3. S ha

D liu sha c ghi vo mt l p d liu m i. VoFile > New Table,m chng ln ca sca t p tinnh c ng nh p mt Table m i. Kim tral p nybit r l c chn (selectable) v s a i c (editale) trongMap> Layer Controlhay click biu t ng ca chc nng ny.

Ty theoi t ng mun sha l i m, ng hay a gic m ta chn biu t ng ha t ngng trong h p cng c Drawing. Tnh cht ca ccit ng ny (kch c , mu sc, kiu dng,) c xcnh v i cc biu t ngtrong ca sny hay trongOption > Line Style / Region Style / Symbol Style.Ta cng c thnh p v n bn v i kiu ch, kch c , mu sc v nghing tu chn ti mt v tr bt k .

sha cci t ng ti p gip nhau cng chung mt ranh gi i, nn s dng khnng bt im (snap to node) bm phmS tt m khnng ny-Cc chc nng xa, ct chia, xa phn ngoi, ni k t li cc i t ng a lcng th ng c sdng trong qu trnh sha .

lu dliu vo a, bm Ctrl-S hay voFile > Save Table.2.2.3. Tin trnh sha v i bn sha (digitizer)2.2.3.1. Ci t d ng c s ha

- Chn driver ca thit b thch h p.- Gn chc chn bn (hay vng bn ) mun sha vo bn sha.

iu ny r t quan tr ng v bn khng c dch chuyn trong th i gian s ha, lm sai ccim nh v c khai bo.2.2.3.2. T o l p d li u s ha

D liu sha s c lu trong mt vng d liu m i ca MapInfo, l pd liu ny c ta a l t ngng v i bn s c sha. Chng ta voFile > New Tablev khai bo nh tho lun. Sau khi click Create trong cas New Table Structure, sxut hin ca sbn ca l p d liu m i ny d

cha c mt thng tin no. Chng ta cn xem li ta chnh xc ca v tr s ThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 11


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c s ha u tin, sau vo Map > Change View, khai bo t ng ngtrong X v Y ca Center of Window trong ca s Change Viewnhsau:

Chng ta ch cn khai boy v chnh xc cho l p d liu bn utin ca mt khu vc a l. Cc bn khc scopy li cc tham s ny.Th ng mt l p d liu bn ch thhin cho mt tnh cht, v vy chng ta s c nhiu l p d liu bn cho mt khu vc, nh l p d liu vsng sui ao h,l p d liu vhthng giao thng trn bbao gm ng quc l, ng tnhl, cng nh ng xe ha nu c, l p d liu vhin tr ng sdng t, tinguyn r ng, l p d liu vloi t, vv tr cc trung tm hnh chnh,

Khi ca sbn ca l p d liu bn s c sha trong tr ng thihot ng, chng ta voMap > Digitizer Setup(nu chng ta cit bn sha ph h p).2.2.3.3. Xc nh nh ng i m nh v s ha trong MapInfo

cho vic v trn bn giy giao ti p thch h p v i MapInfo,chng ta phi cung c p vi thng tin vbn . Chng ta thc hin cch nytrong ca s Digitizer Setup. , chng ta phi xcnh nhng im inh v ph h p v i bn , hquy chiu v n v sdng, cng nhxc l p cu hnhtrn mouse sha.2.2.3.4. Xc nh h quy chi u v n v bn

MapInfo cn bit hquy chiu sdng cho bn giy. Nu khai bosai hquy chiu (distortion - vn vo) ca bn trong qu trnh sha. Chngta khng ththay i hquy chiu sau khi bt u sha, v vy phi chcchn r ng hquy chiu c khai bong.

n v bn c th l theo h (ta a l) hay h mt (ta UTM). Ty theo thng tin trn bn giy chn n v.

Tr c khi tin hnh khai bo ccim nh v ta bn trn bn s ha, chng ta click khung Buttonschn nt trn mouse sha dng choim bt u v ccim trung gian (th ng l nt s1) cng nhnt dng choimk t thc ca mt i t ng (c thnt s2).



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2.2.3.5. Nh p cc i m nh v t a a l c a bn gi y ng nh p ta ccim nh v ta cho bn sha tbn giy,

chng ta click vo khung Add, sxut hin ca s Pick Tablet Point.

Chng ta di chuyn mouse sha n v tr chng ta mun chn, khi dichuyn mouse sha th gi tr Tablet X v Tablet Y sthayi v cho bit taca v tr hin ti, click nt 1 hoc nt 2, sxut hin ca s Add ControlPoint v chng ta snh p ta ca im va m i c chn trn bn sha,kinhtrong khung Map X v v trong khung Map Y nh tho lun trn.

Sau khi khai bo ti thiu 4 im nh v v i sai sch p nhn c (xemcc tr strong ct Errors) chng ta click OK trong ca s Digitizer Setup.2.2.3.6. S ha

Ty theo loi bn sha, chng ta sdng mt lc va mouse th ng vamouse sha, nhng khi bn shot ng th mouse sha sc hai chc nng,hoc mouse bnh th ng hoc mouse sha,chuyn i qua li gia hai chcnng ny chng ta click phmD trn bn phm.

sha mt i t ng no chng ta xemi t ng chng ta xemi t ng thuc kiu no, im ng hay vng v click vo biu t ng

t ngng trong h p cng c Drawingsau di chuyn mouse sha n iThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 13


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t ng c sha, click phm D, bt u sha v i nt s1 v sk t thc v int s2 (nh khai bo tr c). Lu r ng sau khi click phm Dkh i ngvic s ha, v tr ca mouse s ha l ng ngang v ng thng ng htmn hnh, nu khng c du hiu ny th phi kim tra li vng nhn thy trnca sbn c ph h p v i ta ca vng s c sha hay khng. Dngchc nng Map > Change View khai bo li trung tm vng nhn v mc zoom ca ca sbn .

Cc thao tc khc ging nh tho lun trong phn sha trnnh qut.

===$$$===



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Ch ng 3TCH C D LIU

Thng tin mang tnha l trn mt vng lnh thbao gm r t nhiu l pd liu chuynkhc nhau (thuc n v hnh chnh no, trn loi t no, hintr ng sdng t l g, ti nguyn r ng phn bkhu vc no, bao nhiu) vmi d liu chuynth ng c xy dng thnh mt l p d liu ring v i bn t ngng.

Sau khi xy dng cc l p d liu (table) tsho cc bn , thhin cci t ng a l trong vng kho st,Map Infoc khnng bsung cc s liu phi khng gian (sliu thuc tnh - yu tkinh tx hi ) bng nhiu cch.

Trong qu trnh lm vic, Map Info th ng to ra cc l p d liu tm th i(selection) lu trong bnh v i tn bt u lQuerry v ti p theo l stht, vd, Query1, Query2, v vy mun ghi ln a chng ta voFile>Save asr i ttn cho cc l p dliu c ths c sdng li.

3.1.Thayi cu trc d liuMt cu trc d liu c to ra banu c thch thch h p th i im

m chng c xy dng hay to ra. Trong qu trnh sdng, qun l c xyra nhng s thayi no m cu trc d liu c khng cn ph h p c nam cn phi thayi. Khi chng ta tin hnh thayi cu trc d liu ca catrc dliu c thch h p v i th i im hin ti. Chc ta thc hin nhsau:

Vo Table >Maintenance>Table Structure, chn l p d liu mun tuchnh, ca s Modify Table Structrexut hin. (Ging nhca s New TableStructure).Click Add Field thm vng (ct) v i tn v kiu c khai bo ti p theo.

Mun sa i cc tnh cht ca mt vng khai bo, dch chuyn thanhsngn vng ny v chn tnh cht (tn, kiu) mun thayi. C ths p x p lith t cc vng v i khungUp hay Downdi chuyn mt vng ln trn hayxung d i (ln pha tr c hay li vsau). Cng c thloi bvngnh duv i Remove.



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3.2. Lin k t v i c s d liu c snC s d liu c sn c thc phn m r ng *.dbf (dbase), *.wks (lotus),

*.xls(excel)hay *.txt (ASCII). MapInfo s dng c cc c s d liu nynhl nhng l p d liu ring sau khi hon tt thtc khai bo.

VoFile>Open Table, chn t p tin c s d liu theo cc dng trn (chnkiu t ng thch trongList File of Type) trong ca s Open Table.

o C s d liu dng *.dbf.(Dbase III, Dbase 4, Foxbase, Fox pro)Chn dBASE DBF trong ca s List Files of Type. Nh p hay chn t p tin

dng *.DBFtrong thmc t ngng. Trong ca s Preferred Viewc thchnAutomatic, Browser (bng d liu), Current Mapper (ca s bn hinhnh),New Mapper(ca s bn m i) hayNo View(khng hin d liu).



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Click Ok xut hin ca s dBASE Dbf Informationgimc nh trong khungFile Characer Set: Window Us & W Europe (ANSI)

Click OK, sxut hin ca sd liu (Browser) ca t p tin *.dbf t ngngto t p tin dng *.tab t ngng trong cng thmc ca t p tin *.dbf c chn.

o C s d liu dng *.xls (Excel version 4.0, version 5.0 hoc cao h n)

Thng th ng d liu trong excel ly hng trn cng lm tn ct (vng) vvy trong ca s Excel Informationchng ta khai bo nhsau:Trong khuName Framechn Other sxut hin khung ghi gi i hn ca

d liu. Mapinfoscho thy ton vng d liu thng ct no t i hng ct no.Chng ta sthayi l tng thm mt hngi v tr u tin ca vng d liu.V d: thay v l A1:P18 thi li A2:P18 Click OK,nh du vo mc Use

Row Above Selected Range For Column Titles chng ta xcnh hngu tinl tn cc ct) r i click OK. Ca s Browser xut hin v i d liu theo dnghng v ct ca t p tin *.xls m i c a vo.Mapinfo to ra t p tin dng

*.tab cng tn v i t p tin *.xls (mt l p dliu ca Mapinfo)o C s d liu dng vn bn c du cch(du Tab hay du phy...)

Nh p tn tp tin dng vn bn v i List File Of Typel Deimited ASCII ca s Delimited ASCII Informationxut hin. Trong khungDelimitedchnTab hayOther tu theo du cch trong t p tin dng vn bn, gimc nh trongkhungFile Character l Window US & W. Europe (ANSII)v nh duvo mc Use First Line For Column Titlesnu hngu tin trong t p tin dngvn bng l tn ct

o T ng t cho tp tin dng vn bn *.wks (lotus 123)

Nhvy, sau khi hon tt th tc khai bo,Mapinfo to t p tin dng*.tab lin k t v i mt c s d liu theo cc dng trnhnh thnh mt l p d liu ring trongMapinfo.

L u : trong cc dng d liu trn, tt nht l nn chuyn thnh dng *.dbf tr ckhi chuyn voMapinfov Mapinfoch thayi c cu trc ca dng c s dliu ny.



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3.3. Cp nht v bsung d liu3.3.1 Bsung sliu thng k

Mi tnh cht ca mi i t ng c b sung vo mt vng m i v tu theo kiu sliu khai bo thch h p trong kiu vng.

C th nh p d liu tr c ti p trong Mapinfo. VoWindow > NewBrowser Windowchn l p d liu mun bsung thm, sxut hin mt c s d liu (Browser) lit k d liu theo hng v ct, nh p d liu vo cc thchh p.

c thsdng nhng phn mm khc nhau nhExel hay Foxpro nh p cc s liu ny, ta phi lu d liu d i dng dBASE DBFv i mt tnkhc. Vofile > Save Copy As,chn l p d liu cn lu; trong ca s SaveCopy Of Table As. Chn saveFile As Typel dBASE DBFta sc mt t p tinca l p d liu t ng ng c phn m r ng l .dbf. VoExcelhay Foxpro m t p tin nyc p nht, lu l khng c thayi v tr ca cc hng, vMapinfo lu thng tin vcci t nga lhotheo thtca cc hng3.3.2. Bsung d liu do Mapinfo tnh ton c

TrongMapinfov i cc hm v cc php ton chng ta c thxc l p cc biu thc tnh ton t ng trn tng i t ng (cc hng trong bng). Biu thctrongMapinfobao gm tn vng ca l p d liu c m . Trong obj l mttn vngc bit ch n i t ng a l ca cc hng trong bng d liu - ccton tv cc hm.

Ccton t trong Mapinfo bao gm theo mc u tin:

(); ^; du m (-); * v / ; + v - ;contains, ccontains entire, within, entirely within, intersect (cc ton t dng chocc i t ng a l );=, , , = (cc ton tso snh)not ; and ; or (cc ton t lun l)Cc hm ca Mapinfo, c dng tn hm (tham s), bao gm:

Cc hm ton hc

Abs.(s): tr vtr tuyt i ca s ThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 18


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Cos(s- n v: radian): tr vcosin ca s Sin(s- n v: radian): tr vsin ca s Tan(s- n v: radian): tr vtang ca s Int(s): tr vphn nguyn ca s Maximun (s1, s2): tr vsc gi tr l n h nMinimun (s1, s2): tr vsc gi tr nhh nRound. Cc hm chui k t Str$(biu thc): tr vchui k tt ngng ca biu thcChr$(s) ; tr vk tt ngng trong theo m ASCIIInstr(s, chui 1, chui 2): tm trong chui 1 bt u ti v tr s , nu cchui 2 th tr vv tr ca chui 2, nu khng c th tr vs0. bt u t chui s1, ssl 1Ltrim$(chui): tr vchui sau khi ct bcc khong tr ng pha tr cLcase$(chui): tr vchui v i ch th ngLef$9chui, s): tr vchui v i ssk tbn triMid$(chui, s1, s 2); tr vchui bt u tv tr s1 v di s2 k t Proper$ (chui): tr v chu i v i k t u l hoaRight$(chui): tr v chu i gm sk ttbn phiRtrim$(chui): tr v chu i sau khi ct ht khong tr ng bnphiUcase$(chui): tr v chu i chhoaLen(chui): tr vsk tca chui.Val(chui): tr vgi tr bng sca chui Cc hm ngy thngCurdate(): tr v thng / ngy / n m ca ngy hm nayDay(thng / ngy / n m): tr vngy ca thng thng / ngy / n m Month(thng / ngy / n m): tr vthng ca thng / ngy / n m Year(thng / ngy / n m): tr vnm ca thng / ngy / n mWeekday(thng / ngy / n m): tr vthtca ngy trong tun ca thng / ngy / n m. chnht c thtl 1 Cc hm c lin quan t i cci t ng a lArea(obj, donvi): tr vdin tch ca i t ng theodonvi

Centroidx(obj): tr vtr skinhca im tr ng tm ca i t ngThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 19


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Centroidy(obj) tr vtr sv ca im tr ng tm ca i t ngDistance (x1, y1, x2, y2, donvi): tr vga tr khong cch gia haiim cto l (x1,y1) v (x2, y2) theo n v ghi

Objectlen (obj, donvi) ; tr vgi tr chiu di ca i t ngh theo n v ghi. ch choi t ng l ng haya gicPerimeter(obj, donvi):.tr vn gi tr chu vi ca i t ng theo n v ghi. ch choi tnga gic, elllips Cc hm c k t qul i t ng a l:Buffer(obj, s _ on, r ng,: n v): tr vvngm ca i t ng r ng bao nhiu n v v i quy cch vng trn chia lm s on onCentroid(obj): tr v im tr ng tm ca i t ng

Createcircle(x, y, r): tr vmt vng trn v i tm c to (x, y) v bn knhr tnh bng radiusCreateline(x1, y1, x2, y2):.tr v ng thng ni lin haiim c to (x1,y1, x2, y2)Createpoint(x, y) ; tr v im c to (x, y)

Ngoi ra mapinfo cn c mt s t kho c thdng trong cc biu th c:any, all, in, v betweenand. V d:

- field_x = any (TP.HCM, N, KG)

- field_x in (TP.HCM, N, KG)=> tt ccci t ng m ct field_x c gi tr l TPHCM hay N hayKg- field_x all (TP.HCM, N, KG)- field_x not in(TP.HCM, N, KG)=> tt ccc i t ng m ct field_x c gi tr khng l TPHCM hay N hay Kg- field_x beetween 5000 and 10000=> tt ccci t ng m ct field_x c gi tr trong khong t5000n10000

n v chiu di: mi (milies), in(inches), ft (feet), yd(yard), km, m, cm, mm n v tnh di n tch : sq mi (squar miles), sq in (square inches), sq ft (suqre feet),sq yd (square yard), arce sq km (km2), sq m (m2), sq cm (cm2), sq mmm (mm2),hectare,* V i update column: chng ta c p nht hay bsung tng ct dliu mt



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Votablbe > update column ca s update columnxut hin v i cc mc nh sau:- Table to Update chn l p d liu mun c p nht trong scc l p d liu

m .- Get value from table:ly gi tr tl p dliu no? C hai tr ng h p:* T l p d liu mu n c p nht: - Column to update: chn vng mun c p nht- value: nh p mt biu thc h p l; th ng sdng khungAssistxy dng

biu thcV d:

Tnh din tchi t ng a l (x v th tr n) ca mt x no chng tathm ct din tchvo Thuc_tap_xa.tab v sdng hm area()Voupdate columnkhai bo nhsau:

Column to update; dientichValue: area(obj, hectare)

* T mt l p d liu khc:Click khungJoint xc nh vng tham chiu lin k t gi hai l p d

liu.- Column to update: mt vng c sn hay mt vng m i (add new temporarycolumn).- Calculate: cch tnh ton (c th l: value hay cc biu thc tng h p nh average, count, minimum, maximumn, sum, weighted average (trung bnh giatr ng), proportion sum (t ng s theo t l ), propotion average (trung bnh theo t l ) v proportion weighted average (trung bnh gia tr ng theo t l ).



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Ghi ch: cc biu thc Average, Count, Minimumn, Sum,WeightedAverage c tham s l cc gi tr ca d liu; cc biu thc t l(proportion) thxl cci t nga l.

- of : th ng l mt ct hay mt biu thc h p l Sau cng; CLICK OK tin hnh c p nht.V d:* Calculate: Value

Tr c ht chng ta m hai l p d liu, l p mun b sung(thuc_tap_xa.tab).v l p c s liu (Du_lieu_xa_B.tab) sau nn thm mt ctv i tn t ng ng (danso90) vo l p d liu s c b sung (thuc_tap_xa.tab)bng Table > Maintenance > Table tructure, xong voUpdate columnskhai bo nhsau:

Trong tr ng h p ny, hai l p d liu c shng nhnhau v vy chngta c thchn khung Joint tn ca ct dliu ging nhau ca hai l p d liu giachng v i nhau. V d: tenxa haymaso

* Calculate: Sum Tr ng h p ny chng ta chn tn ct lin k t gia hai l p d liu trong

ca s Joint lTenxa. Vic tnh tng sca dn snm 1990 sthc hin chocc hng c cng gi tr trong ct Tenxa ca l p d liu Du_lieu_xa B.tab, sauThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 22


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gn tr s tnh c ny cho ct danso90 ca l p d liu thuc_tap_ xa.tab hng c gi tr ca ct tenxa t ngng.

Mc khc, chng ta cng c thtnh ton d liu cho mt ct (tr ng d

liu) l mt tng, hiu, tch, th ng tcc cc tr ng dliu khc nhau.thc hin iu ny, chng ta voTable > Update columns. Sau khai bo ging nhcc b c trn. Ring trong mc of th chn Expressionthayv chn cc tr ng dliu khc.

Nh vy, gi tr trong ct TongDS l k t qu ca ct

DANSO80+ANSO90 DANSO02.* Calculate: Proportion sumL p d liu vngchay_rung.tab nh v cc vng xy ra chy r ng trn

a bn lm tr ng. Tnh xem din tch chy r ng theo tng n v hnh chnhx l bao nhiu?

Chng ta m hai l p d liu Chay_r ng.tab v du_lieu_xa.tab ( c pnht sliu din tch) voUpdate Column, chn:



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- Table to Update: du_lieu_xa.tab- Column to Update:- nu to tr c mt column th c thc p nht trong ct ny- nu cha to tr c th chn: add new temporary column- Get value from table: chay_rung.tab

Chn joint: Intersect- Calculate : Proportion Sum- of :DTchayR

Nhvy, chng ta c c din tch r ng b chy theo tng x.3.4. Chn v k t h p d liu theoiu kin3.4.1 Chn cci t ng theoiu kin trong mt l p d liu.

VoFile > Openm l p d liu c s . Sau voQuerry > Select, khai bo cc mc trong ca s selectnhsau:



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Mc Select Records from Table:click vo khung ny v chn l p d liut ngng.

Mc That Satisfy: nh p mt biu thc lun l h p l- th ng click Assistxy dng v kim tra biu thc ny.

Mc Store Results In Table: nh p tn cho l p d liu thomniu kintrn. C thgimc nh lselectionmun lu l p d liu phi voFile > SaveAs lu vo thmc v tn t p tin tu chn.

Trong mc Sort Results By Column: click vo khung ny chn tn vngmun x p theo th t. Mc nh l None = khng.

nh du vo Browse Results xem k t qu trong mt ca s d lium i.

V i chc ng Selectchng ta xy dng c mt l p d liu m i thotheoiu kin l p ra. L p d liu ny th ng c ti t ng (shng) h nnhng ginguyn cu trc d liu (sct). D nhin chng ta c ththayi cutrc ny theo mun ca chng ta, nhng c mt chc nng thc hin tr cti p iu ny, l SQL Select. Ngoi ra cn thc hin mt s chc nng huch khc.

Sau khi m l p d liu c s , voQuerry > SQL Selectcch khai bocc mc trong ca s SQL Selectnhsau:



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Tr c ht nn khai bo mc From Table di chuyn cursor vo khung nyv click nh p tn, l p d liu c s , chng ta c thnh p tr c ti p tbn phmtn ca l p d liu ny nhng nn click khungTable chn. y chnThuc_tap_xa.tab .

Trong mc Select Column. Nu chn tt ccc ct th gi du * (mc

nh) nu ch chn mt s ct th xo du * r i click khungColumn chn. Ngoi ra chng ta cn c thxy dng cc biu thc tnh ton v hnh thnhthm cc ct m i. iu ny c ngh a l p d liu m i sc sct nh c hay th n v cng c thnhiu h n.

t tn cho ct m i ca mt biu thc tnh ton, chng ta ghi tn cttrong du ngoc kp ngay sau biu thc.

V d: DTchay / area(obj, hectare) dientichTrong mc Where Conditionc th tr ng hay nh p mt biu thc

lun l h p l. Tr ng h p l mt biu thc lun l th ch nhng hng ph h pv i biu thc ny m i xut hin trong l p dliu tm th i (selection).

K ti p trong mc Groupp By Columnclick khung Columnchn ctmun tnh g p cho cc gi tr ging nhau (subtotal). Trong ct mc nh lkhng chn ct no.

Trong mc Order By Column, click khung Columnschn ct muns p x p theo th tmc nh l khng ct no c chn, v nu c th theo th t tng dn. Mun s p theo th tgim dn, chng ta thmdesc vo sau tn ct chn.

xy dng cc biu thc tnh ton trongSQL Select, ngoi ra cc thnh phn thng th ng l tn ct, hm, v ton t, Mapinfocn c thm cc hmThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 26


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thng k nh: Avg (trung bnh cng),Sum (tng),Min (gi tr ti thiu, Max (gitr cc i), Wtavg (trung bnh gia tr ng) vCount (m s i t ng t ngng). Cc hm thng k c lit k trong khung Aggregetes .

Cc l p d liu m i pht sinh thm thng k l l p d liu tng h p camt ct no, chng c lu tm trong ccQuerry haySelection. Tr ng h p c xtGroup By Columnss hng s l gi tr khc nhau

ca ct ny.

V d:Select Column: tenxa, count(*) danso80, sum(tenxa) dientichGroup by Colmns: tenxaOrder by Column: tenxa

K t qul:



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3.4.2 K t h p v i mt l p d liu khck t h p hai l p d liu v i cc thng tin khc nhau chng ta cng m

hai l p d liu ny, sau voQuerry > SQL Select. Trong ca s SQL Select

chng ta skhai bo nhsau:Mc From Table: Click khungTable v chn cc l p dliu lin k tSau khi chn cc l p d liu trong vngWhere Conditionsxut hin

tn ct dliu lin k t hai l p dliu v i nhau.Mc Select Column: du * l chn tt c cc ct ca hai l p d liu.

Click khung Column v chn cc vng mun thhin trong mt l p d liu m i.C thto ct m i v i cc biu thc tnh ton hay cc hm thng k.

Cc mc khai bo nh tho lun phn 4.1

V d: L p d liu Thuc_tap_xa.TAB bao gm cci t ng a l l xhay th tr n, l p d liu Du_lieu_xa_B.TAB cha cc s liu thng k v r ngtr ng ca cc x theo th i gian. Hai l p d liu cng c ct Tenxa vTrongnam1, nn c thsdng mt trong hai ct nylin k t hai l p dliu.M hai l p d liu ny voQuerry SQL Select skhai o trong ca sSQLSelectnhsau:

K t qul mt l p dliu m i v i tt ccci t ng a l v cc ct s liu vRungnam1. Mun sdng l p d liu ny chng ta phi lu vo a v iFile > Save As.

Tr ng h p khai boGroup By Columnsl ct vung th l p d liu m ich c 4i t ngng v i 4 vng l cci t ngu tin ca mi vng.



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3.5. Tu chn ni dung c a sd liuKhi voWindows > New Browser Windows,chn mt l p d liu, ca

sd liu ca l p d liu sxut hin v i tt ccc ct v tn ct ng nh

khai bo trongTable Structure. ch thhin trong ca sny nhng ct theo mun ca chng ta v

tn cc ct c thvit li cho r rng (nhng khng thghi du ting vit) voBrowser > Pick Fieldsth d, chn xem d liu ca l p Du_lieu_xa.TAB ca s Pick fieldsxut hin nh trang sau:

khng thhin mt hay nhiu vng (Field). Trong khungColumn InBrowser chn cc vng ny- s dng phm Shift hay Control khi chn nhiuvng sau Click vo khungRemove loi chng ra khi danh sch cc vngs c thhin.



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thay i tiu mt vng chng tanh du vng trong khungColumn In Browsersau nh p tn m i vo vngName trong khungEditBrowser Column.V d, i tn ct vng Tenxa thnh Ten_phuong

Ngoi ra chng ta c th thhin thm cc vng m i bng cch chnExpression.Trong khungFields In Tablenh p biu thc h p l trong ca s Expression, th d, Trongdam1 / Rungtrong1 biu thc ny c thm vo, sau sa li tiu vng (mc Tenxa trong khungEdit Browser ColumnlMat_do nhtrong ca ssau:

Ghi Ch: Vic sa i tn cc tiuvng ny khngnh h ng n d liu vkhng lu c trong Workspace, ch c g tr tm th i khi ca s d liu nycn c m , nu c lu trong Workpace th cc vng c chn thhinvn cn tc dng.

> SetTarget hay bm Ctrl-T,i t ng s c nh du l xl c.

4.1. K t h p cci t ng a lChc nng k t h p (combine) khng cn thit phi chn i t ng x l

c, chng ta chn cci t ng mun k t h p v i nhau sau voObjects >Combine. Ca s Data Aggregationxut hin v i cc tham ssau:

Trong ct Destinationslit k tt ctn ct ca l p dliu.Trong ct Method, ta c thchn 1 trong 4 kiu trong khungAggregation

Methodbn d i l: Blank (tr ng),Sum (tng gi tr ca cci t ng cchn), Value (mt gi tr bng) hay Average (trung bnh cng gi tr ca ccit ng c chn) v i Weight by (gia tr ng theo ct) hay khng.



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Nu chng ta chn No Datath gi tr cc ct trn l0 hay Blank.Mt i t ng m i s c hnh thnh v i cc tham s khai bo.

4.2. Xa phn i t ng x l c nm trongi t ng chun

Sau khi xt mt (hay nhiu) i t ng x l c, chng ta chn mt (haynhiu) i t ng lm chun (bt buc l kiu a gic) m chng ta mun xo phn i t ng lm chun. Sau khi chn xong, voObjects > Erase. Tr ng h pi t ng x l c kiu a gic, sxut hin ca s Data Desaggregation t ng tnh ca s trn ch khc trong khungDesaggregation Methodc

Area Proportion c ngh a l stnh gi tr theo t ldin tch ca i t ng m iso v i i t ng c. 4.3. Xo phn i t ng x l nm bn ngoii t ng chun

Ng c v i tr ng h p trn,xa phn i t ng nm bn ngoii

t ng chun (cng bc buc l kiu a gic), chng ta sau khi xtObject > SetTarget v chn mt (hay nhiu) i t ng chun ta voObject > Erase Outside v khai bo thch h p trong ca s Data Desaggregation. K t qunhsau:

4.4. Ct chiai t ng c x l theo ranh gi i ca cci t ngchun

Tr ng h p ny s chia ct i t ng c x l thnh 2 (hay nhiu)vng: cc vng ci t ng chun v vng khng ci t ng chun. T ng t nh trn, nhng sau khi chn i t ng c x l vi t ng chun, chng tavoOption > Split.



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Ngoi 3 cch xl chnh nhtrn, MapInfo cn c mt schc nng khc: To vngm bao quanh mt (hay nhiu) i t ng:

i t ng c th l im, ng haya gic. Vngm l mt i t ng m itrong l p d liu cha i t ng chun, d nhin l p d liu ny c thuc tnhsa i c (edit table).

Tr c ht chn cci t ng mun to vngm, sau voObject >Buffer; ca s Buffer Objectsxut hin nhsau:

o Value: gi tr br ng vngm, phthuc vo mc Units ( n v) d i.

o From Column: c thkhai bo gi tr br ng l gi tr ca mt ctno ca l p d liu. S dng trong tr ng h p gi tr ca Valuethayi theo tngi t ng.

o Units: c thl km, m, cm, mm,...



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o Smoothness(sphng lin): nh p s on to nn mt vng trn. S on cng nhiu th ng ranh ca vngm cng phng lin (t gykhc). S on mc nh l 12, nhng c thtng ln 20 hoc 24.

o

Nu chn One buffer for all objects : to ra vngm chung.o Nu chn One buffer for each object : to ra 1 vngm cho mi i

t ng (c thnhiu vngm c to ra). K t h p cci t ng cng gi tr trong mt ct:

Chc nng ny k t h p cci t ng c cng mt gi tr hnh thnhmt i t ng m i v i kch th c l n h n v i cc sliu c k t h p li; c th xem chc nng ny l ng c v i chc nng chia ct (Slit) v sdng chc nngnyk t h p nhng phn t i t ng b chia ct.

VoTable > Combine Objects Using Columnv khai bo ct c ccit ng c cng gi tr mun k t h p li trong mc Group Objects By Columntrong ca s Combine Objects Using Column.

Nu chng ta chn l p d liu lu k t qul cng l p d liu c x l th k t qu(cci t ng m i) s c ghi ti p thm pha sau trong l p d liu ny.

Thhin v tr a l ca mt a ch (Geocoding).MapInfo c khnng thhin v tr ca mt a ch (s nh tn ng)

ca mt i t ng khi chng ta c d liu vh thng ng v s nh t ngng cho tng on mt, v mi on ng ny l mt i t ng a l trongmt l p dliu ring.V d:

Chng ta mun thhin v tr cc Chi Canh trn bn hthng ng(duong.tab) theoa ch cc Chi Canh ny (diachi.tab).VoTable > Geocode, khai bo trong ca s Geocodenhsau:



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Click khung Symbol t dng, mu v kch c i t ng.Th ng chng ta chn Mode: Automatic (kim tra chnh xc cc tn

ng trong hai l p d liu) cho ln I, sau chn Mode Interactive xc nhnnhng a ch lin h c trong ln I. Khi x l v i chc nng Geocode ln II,chng ta vn ginguyn cc khai bo trn, ch thayi tham sca Mode.

Sau khi x l v i Geocode, l p d liu dia_chi.tab c cci t ng imti v tr t ngng, thhin c trong ca sbn .

To im t sliu vta a l:T s liu v ta a l (kinhv v ) ca ccim, MapInfo c

ththccim ny trn bn v i v tr t ngng. Sau khi m l p d liu cs liu vta a l (v dkinhv v ), voTable > Create Points, cas Create Pointsxut hin v c khai bo nhsau:

Vo Projectionkhai bo php chiu ph h p v i s liu v ta .Th ng chn l Longitude/ Latitide cho c Categoty v Cetegory Members trongca s Choose Projectionnu sliu l tcc hm ca MapInfo.



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Click vo khungUsing Symbolchn dng, mu, kch c ca ccit ngim s c to ra ny.

Sau khi Click OK thc hin, MapInfo to thm cci t ng m i

trong ca sbn ca l p d liu hay to m i mt bn ca l p d liu chaci t nga l. nh v d liu trn bn :

Chc nng ny (Query > Find) dng nh v tng i t ng ca l pd liu trong ca sbn . Khi voQuery > Find, sxut hin ca s Find gnging nhca s Geocodev chng ta khai bo nhsau:

For Objects in Column: ch chn c ct l p chmc (index).Click khungMark with Symbol t dng, mu v kch c i t ng.Click vo OK, sxut hin ti p ca sFind thnh v i 1 khungnh p

gi tr ca ct chmc ch sdng. Tr ng h p khng nh gi tr ny, chng ta bm phm thc hin bng danh sch cc gi tr ca ct ch mc vchng ta di chuyn cursor chn gi tr mong mun, chn xong click OK.it ng t ngng c nh du trong ca sbn v ghi trn l p d liu tmth i Cosmetic Layer.

Nu chng ta mun nh du ti p, chng ta li voQuery > Find, nhngt ln thhai sxut hin ngay ca sFind thnh, khng xut hin li ca s Find banu. Tr ng h p chng ta mun tr li ca sFind Ikhai bo mtct khc chng hn, chng ta click vo khungRespecify.

Phn vng lnh thkho st (Redistrict).y l mt qa trnh t p h p cci t ng a l v sau tnh ton tng

gi tr ca cc ct d liu cho mi t p h p c hnh thnh. Mt u im ca qutrnh ny l cc gi tr ca vng t iu chnh khi chng ta thm hay b t mt haynhiu thnh phn ca chng.iu ny gip chng ta phn vng mt cch linh

ngpng v i mt tiu chun no.ThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 36


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Vic phn vng ny khng to nn mt i t ng a l m i hay lm thayi kiu ca chng, n ch l cng cto nhm nng ng nhm thhin ccit ng gom nhm trn bn cng v i nhng thng tin lin quan. Chng ta cthphn vng cho nhng i t ng kiu vng, kiu ng hay kiu im, nhngsvng c thnh khng qu 300.

Qa trnh s p x p i t ng vo cc vng lm thayi gi tr ca ccit ng trong ct d liu c chn, v vy khng lmnh h ng n cc s liu c chng ta nn to mt ct m i ginh cho vic phn vng ny.

Sau khi m l p d liu, chng ta voWindow > New RedistrictWindow. Ca s New Redistrict Window, cch khai bo cc tham snhsau:

Source Table: nh p tn l p dliu ngun vd: Dia_chi.District Field: nh p tn ct lm c s phn vng nn to ring mt ct

v i cc gi tr kiu s sdng cho tng mc ch phn vng v trong qu trnh phn vng gi tr ca cci t ng trong ct ny sb thayi. Gischng ta phn thnh 3 vng c din tch x p x nhau, chng ta thm ct PV_DT kiuSmall Integer v c p nh p gi tr theo ct STT/ID. Chng ta chn ct PV_DS lmc s phn vng.

Trong khungFields to Browsemc nh s lit k tn ct khai trongDistrict Field, Count(s m cc i t ng trong mt vng), Fill (t mu -tr ng h p i t ng kiu a gic).

Trong khungAvailable Fieldss lit k cc tham s tng h p nh tngh p hay gi tr phn tr m ca cc ct d liu. Chng ta sdng khung Add hay

Remove thm hay b t cc ct dliu tng h p mun thhin.KhungUp v Down s p x p th tcc ct sthhin ln trong ca s

d liu.Sau khi s p x p cc ct, click OK, sxut hin ca s d liu phn

vng (district browser) v cci t ng trong ca sbn c t mu (nu c

ct Fill - kiu a gic hay Symbol - kiu im - hay Line - kiu ng). KhiThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 37


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hot ng v i ca sd liu phn vng, trn menu sc thm mc Redistrict.Trong ca s Main hai biu t ng Set Target District v Assign SelectedObjects tr nn hot ng, y l hai thao tc th ng dng trong qu trnh s px p cci t ng vo cc vng khc nhau.

chuyn mt i t ng a l (ngun i t ng A) vo vng ca mti t ng khc (i t ng ch B), tr c ht chng ta xti t ng B lmit ng ch bng cch chn (select)i t ng ny r i click vo biu t ng SetTarget District; sau chn (select)i t ng A v click vo biu t ng AssignSelected Objects(c ngh a chuyn i t ng c chn-A- vo vngch) ccs liu trong cc ct trong ca sd liu phn vng c t ng tnh ton li ph h p v i s i t ng m i ca vng.

> Open Table, chn m cc l p d liu cn thit cho bn d nh xy dng. D nhin cc d liu ny cng lin quann mt khuvc a l v cng hin trn mt ca sbn (Map Window).

5.1. Sp xp th t cc l p d liuChc nng ny c thc hin trong ca s Layer Control (voMap>Layer controlhay click biu t ng t ngng) khiang lm vic trn mtca sbn .

Thng th ng tt ccc l p d liu c m u xut hin trong vngLayer trn ca s Layer Conltrol, nhng i khi v t lvng nhn l n nn cthnm ngoi gi i hn ca mt l p d liu no nn l p d liu ny khnghin din trong ca sbn hot ng.thm mt l p dliu m vo mtca sbn click khung Addtrong ca s Layer Control, chn trong ca s

Add Layercc l p dliu mun thm v click vo khung Add.thayi th t cc l p d liu, chn tng l p d liu sdng khungUp hay Down a l p d liu ln hoc xung.5.2. Thayi cch thhin ca i t ng

Th ng p dng cho nhng d liu ph ca bn (i v i l p d liuchuyn -chnh- s trnh by sau) v i khung Display trong ca s LayerControl. Chc nng ny nhm gn tm th i cc thuc tnh vthhin cho cci t ng a l ca mt l p d liu. Chn l p d liu mun thayi thuc tnhthhin, r i click khung Display, ca s Display optionsca l p d liu cchn xut hin nhsau:



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KhungDisplay Mode: Xut hin cc kiu i t ng ca mt l p d liu (kiu im, ng, vng hay vn bn). Mun gn thuc tnhthhin tmth i cho mt trong (hay tt c) cc kiu, chng ta phi click vo tr ng ngtr c ch Style Override. Sau chng ta click vo tng kiu i t ng.

Kiu im: cc khung trong ca s Symbol Stylecho php chng ta chndu hiu trong l p phng ch, kch c v mu sc. Chng ta cn c thxt nghing (gc quay) cng nhmt skhc nhkhung vin,bng ni,...

Kiu ng: chng ta khai bo trongLine Style chn cc thuc tnhnhkiu (lin nt,t on, chm gch,...), mu sc vr ng.

Kiu vng: v i kiu vng ny chng ta c thci t kiu t (hoa vn vmu nn) v kiu ng bao quanh (lin nt,t on,... mu sc vr ng).

Kiu vn bn: chng ta xt phng ch, c s v mu sc, ngoi ra cn xtdng nn ca vn bn l khng, nn tng chhay nn chung choon vn bncng v i mu sc ca nn.

KhungZoom Layering xt cho l p d liu c thhin trn ca s bn khi ca sbn c mt mc phngi no do chng ta xcnh.

Tr ng h p chng ta mun l p d liu ang xt lun c thhin trongca s bn th chng ta smc nh. Ng c lai,chng ta click vo tr ngng tr c dng ch Display with Zoom rangev chn zoom ti thiu v tia trong 2 khung bn d i.

Sau khi ciZoom Layering, nu mc zoom ca bn cho php th hin l p d liu th trong ca s Layer Controll p d liu c nh du mu

en, ng c li nu mc dzoom ngoi gi i hn thhin ca mt l p d liu ThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 40


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c m th l p dliu ny c nh du mutrong ct thuc tnh nhn thy c.

Cc khai bo khc lShow Line Direction(dng cho kiu ng),Show

Nodes(dng cho kiu ng v vng),Show Centroids(dng cho kiu vng).5.3. Ghi ch trn bn Chng ta c thghi vn bn mt cch tdo trong ca sbn v i phng,

c , mu vnghing ca chng. Tuy vy c thghi ch thng nht cho cci t ng ca l p d liu, MapInfo cho php chng tanh dng thch h p chomi l p d liu. nh dng cc ghi ch ny chng ta click vo khung Labeltrong ca s Layer Control.

Tr c ht chng ta xt ni dung ca ghi ch trong khungLabel with.Chng ta c thchn gi tr cc ct ca l p d liu hoc l mt biu thc dngchui.

Trong khungVisibility, chng ta c thchn:- On : cho php lun nhn thy.- Off : khng cho php nhn thy. - Display with range : cho php nhn thy trong khong phngi

c xt b i Min. Zoomv Max. Zoom bn d i. ThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 41


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Cng trong khung ny chng ta xt cho php cc ghi ch ny c chngnhau (Overlay ) v c l p li ( Duplicate ) hay khng cng nhsghi ch ti acho cci t ng ca l p d liu (xt t trn xung, nu mun ghi ch c chott ccci t ng th btr ng Maximun Labels .

K ti p trong khung Styles chng ta c thchn kiu dng ca vn bn(phng, c , v mu ch). i v i Label Lines( ng ni t trung tm ca it ng n ghi ch), chng ta c thchn None (khng), Line (ch c ng ni)hay Arrow ( ng ni c mi tn). Vic nh dng kiu ng cng v i mu scv r ng c thc hin bng cch click vo khungnh dng.

Trong khungPosition, mc Anchor Point dnhchn v tr ca ghi chi v i tr ng tm ca kiu vng v mc Rotate Label with Line (quay ghi chtheo chiu ca on c chn). Mc Label Offset 2 Point cho bit tr s v khong cch gia ghi ch vim neo (anchor point), chng ta c ththayitr sny nu thy cn.

Lu r ng cc ghi ch ny ch hin din trongWorkspace nu chng takhng ghi chng thnh mt t p tin ring, c ngh a chng khng lm thayi l pd liu. Chng ta c thxo tng ghi ch bng cch chn chng (Select) r i bmDelete, nhng xo ton bghi ch chng ta vo Map > Clear Custom Labels . Ng c li, ghi lu cc ghi ch ny thnh mt l p d liu dng vn bn, chngta tr c ht Copy chng voCosmetic Layersau vo Map > Save Cosmetic

Layer v nh p tn mt l p dliu m i.By gi chng ta schun b cho ch chnh ca bn , d nhinc

thxy dng c mt bn ch chng ta phi c l p d liu t ngng mchng ta mun thhin trn bn . y l l p bn m chng ta st mu nnv tr ca l p bn ny th ng nm d i cng hay khng che khut cc l p bnkhc nm d i n.5.4. Xy d ng bn chuyn



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Xy dng bn chuynl thhin bn theo mt mc ch s dng khc nhau tbn sho.

V d, chng ta thhin bn m thin tr ng sdng ti nguyn r ng

thng qua mu sc, th,.. th chc ta thc hin nhsau:Chn menuMap > Create Thematic Mapsxut hin h p thai CreateThematic Map Step 1 of 3. Trong:

Individual.Chn khungIndividual v click voNext, s xut hin ca s Create

Thematic Map Step 2 of 3chng ta chn tn l p (Table) v ct (Field) d liu mun xy dng thnh bn .

Ty theo s tr ng h p khc nhau c th thhin c trn bnmchng ta th ng phn c p i t ng cho ph h p, v vic phn c p ny th ng

c s p x p ring trong mt ct mang ngh a m s, c ngh a s i t ngca mi c p th ng khc nhau. V i mt l p d liu chng ta c th thc hinvic phn c p nhiu ln (to nhiu ct ghi m s) ty theo cch khai thc d liu.Chng ta c thkhng xt nhng i t ng c gi tr ca ct chn l 0 hay tr ng bng cchnh du vo tr ng pha tr c dngIgnore Zeroes or Blanks.Sau khi chn ct d liu m MapInfo sphn thnh cc c p khc nhau tu theogi tr ca ct, click Next.



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Ca sCreate Thematic Map Step 3 of 3xut hin v i k t qus b ca vic th hin cc c p i t ng c nhn thy trong khungPreview vchng ta c th thay i vdng th thc hin (Style) cng nh cc ch gii(Legend) bng cch click vo c cc ch ny trong khungCustomize.MapInfo cho php chng ta thayi cch s p th tcc c p ty theo gi tr cact c chn l tng (Ascending) hay gim (Descending) dn.

thay vdng thc, chng ta click vo khungStyles, ca s CustomizeIndividual Stylexut hin v ty theo kiu ca cci t ng la gic, nghayim m trong khungPreviewcng nh trong khungStyles c thhint ngng. ng v i mi c p c lit k trong khungIndividual Valuechng tac thchn dng thc ty bng cch click vo khungStyle.



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thay i ni dung l i ch gii, click vo khung Legend, ca s Cuctomize Legendxut hin cc mc sau:

Tr c ht l ta ca ch gii chng ta c thxt phng, c v mu scca ta trong 2 mc Tittle (ta chnh) v Subtittle (ta ph). Trong ni dungch gii cho cc c p (Range Labels), MapInfo tr c ht cho php chng tanhdng cho kiu vn bn, ng th i sa i ni dung, mc nh l gi tr ca ccc p. Khai bo v sa i xong, click OK xc nhn. Nu mun chn cc khai bo ny l mc nh (dng thng nht cho cc ln sau) chng ta click vokhungSave As(trong mc template) tr c khi click OK.



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Sau khi click OK trong ca s Create Thematic Map Step 3 of 3, l p bn chuyntrong ca sbn s c thhin nhchng ta s p ttrong qu trnh xy dng va xong, cng v i s xut hin ca sa s Legend (ch gii).

Ranges(phn hng) Nu chng ta chn khungRangesv click Next, ca s Create Theamatic

Map Step 2 of 3xut hin cng chng ta khai bo tn v ct d liu. Sautrong ca s Create Thematic Map Step 3 of 3, sxut hin thm Ranges trong khungCustomize. thayi sc p cng nhxt li gi i hn ca cc c pchng ta click voRanges.

Trong ca s Customize Ranges, chng ta khai bo tr c ht mc Method (ph ng php).

Th ng chng ta chn ph ng phpCustom ty tin khai bo cc thams lin quan. Chng ta skhai bo ti p vsc p trong mc # of Ranges, v thay i gi i hn ca mi c p chng ta skhai bo li trong khungCustomRanges, khi cc tr sny thayi th gi tr t ngng trong khung lit k t l v i s i t ng ca mi c p. Chng ta c thkhai bo li t u k t qu t c theo dkin. Sau cng click OK xc nhn.

Trong khungPreviewca ca s Create Thematic Map Step 3 of 3 chng ta thy mu cc c p thayi theo m nht dn, v chng ta c ththayi chng cng nhcc ch gii nh tho lun trn.

Graduated v Dot Density(l n ca du hiu haydy ca im):



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Chn khungGraduate hoc Dot Density trong ca s Create ThematicMap Step 1 of 3v click Next, ca s Create Thematic Map Step 2 of 3 xut hin chng ta chn tn l p v ct d liu. T ng t nh v i Ranges,nhng trong khungCuctomizeca ca s Create Thematic Map Step 3 0f 3 Setting thay cho Ranges v khungStyleskhng hot ng.

Tr ng h p chn Graduated, khi click Settings s xut hin ca s Customize Graduated Symbolsv i cc mc:

- Symbol : xt hnh dng, kch c v mu sc ca du hiu thhin.- At Value : nh p gi tr t ng ng v i l n ca du hiu chn. - Trong khungOptions, scho php chng ta xt du hiu cho cc gi

tr m cng nh cch thc MapInfo thhin s bin thin ca ccdu hiu ty theo gi tr ca ct d liu l Square Root , Constant hay Log . MapInfo khuyn co nn chn Square Rootn thhin t lbin i va phi, theo din tch ca du hiu.

Tr ng h p chn Dot Density, sau khi click Settings, xut hin ca s Customize Dot , Density Settings v chng ta skhai tr c ht mc Each dot Present....Unitsl gi tr t ngng ca ct d liu ng v i 1 im thhin. K ti p l chng ta xt kch c ca ccim l n hay nh(Large hay Smalls).



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Bar Charts hay Pie Charts (biu ct hay biu bnh):

Tri v i 4 khung tho lun ch kho st trn mt ct d liu, 2 khung nynhm thhin phi h p gi tr ca nhiu ct dliu.Khi chn Bar Charts hay Pie Charts r i click Next, trong ca s Create

Thematic Map Step 2 of 3chng ta skhai bo tr c ht tn l p d liu trongmc Table. Sau chng ta schn cc ct d liu s c thhin trong biu, c thchn cmt biu thc h p l tnh ton gi tr ca cci t ngtrong cc ct t ngng.

Trong ca s Create Thematic Map Step 3 of 3, MapInfo cho phpchng ta chn kch c v mu sc thhin cc gi tr khi chng ta click Styles trong khungCustomize.

Tr ng h p Bar Charts, trong ca s Customize Bar Styleschng ta chnquy cch ca du hiu (Brush) cho cc ct, chyu l xt mu. Chng ta schnti p cch thhin l chng nhau (Stacked) hay x p k nhau (Mutiple Bars) v ithuc tnh ph thhin t lcc gi tr l Graduated Stack i v i Stacked v

Independent Scales i v i Mutiple Bars . Chng ta xt ti p theo kch th c vThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 48


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t lt ngng ca cc thanh thhin. Chng ta c thvoOptions xt thmmt sthuc tnh khc nhv tr thhin so v i tr ng tm ca i t ng,...

T ng t i v i tr ng h p Pie Charts.

Sau khi hnh thnh bn chuynchng ta c thsa i cc thams chn bng cch voMap > Modify Thematic Maphay nhn p (Doubleclick) trong ca s Legend xut hin ca s Modify Thematic Map(t ngtnhca s Create Thematic Map Step 3 of 3).

Mt khi xy dng mt bn chuynca mt l p d liu, lu lt mt l p d liu chng ta c thxy d ng nhiu bn chuyn, trongca s Layer Controlsxut hin thm l p bn ny; khi chng ta chn l p bn ny trong ca s Layer Control khungThematic tr nn hot ng,click vo khung ny sxut hin ca s Modify Thematic Map, chng ta c th xo chngi bng cch chn l p bn mun xo v click Remove.5.5.nh l i ta a l v tlbn

MapInfo ngoi ch ng trnh chnh cn mt sch ng trnh phkm theothc hin mt schc nng ring, trong c vic nh l i ta v chn t lbn .

chy cc ch ng trnh phny chng ta voFile > Run MapBasicProgram, chng ta s chn trong ca s Run MapBasic Programt p tinGridmakr.mbx v Scalebar.mbxtrong thmc ph Toolsca thmc ch ngtrnh MapInfo. Mt khi chn chy mt ch ng trnh phny, trn thanh menu

chnh xut hin thmc Tools.ThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 49


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nh l i to a l (Gridmakr.mbx)VoTool > Grid Maker > Create Grid, chng ta khai bo trong ca s

Create Long/Lat Gridnhsau:

- Kiu (Object style): nn chn kiu ngc thnhn xuyn qua.- Khong cch gia cc ng: mc nh l 1, nhng ty theo quy m

xt tr sny. C thchn l 15 (pht) (= 0.25 hth p phn) khi xt c ptnh, 10 (= 0,166666) c p huyn v 5 (= 0,083333) c p x.i v i n v sdng l meters th th ng chn 10000m cho c p tnh, 1000 m choc p huyn, 500 m cho c p x (cc con s ny ch l t ng i v cn tu thuc vo tlbn c chn.

- K ti p l chn vng (Extents). Nn tham chiu n phm vi kinhv v

ca vng theo bn a hnhkhai bo trong tr ng h p ny.Sau khi click vo OK, MapInfo yu cu chng ta nh p tn cho l p d liuvl i to ny. y sl mt l p bn v i cci t ng ng hay vngnn chng ta c thsa i cho ph h p v i yu cu ca chng ta.

To th c t l(Scalebar.mbx).Vo Tools > Draw ScaleBar, ca s Draw Distance Scale in Mapper

xut hin v chng ta khai bo chiu di ca thanh t l Length of Scale Bar theo n v hmt hay hinch. Chng ta c thchn phng v c chcng nh kiu t trn thanh tl.



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Thanh t ltheo chiu di v dng thc chn s c vtrn l p bn Cosmetic Layer, chng ta c thdi chuyn chngchn v tr thch h p vlu thnh mt t p dliu ring v i Map > Save Cosmetic Objects.5.6. Sp xp trang in (Layout)

Trang in (Layout) l mt dng thhin ca sbn hin hnh trn tranggiy in, ni dung ca n tu thuc vo ni dung ca ca sbn , v vy tr ckhi lm vic v i trang in chng ta nn chun b tt ca sbn lin quan.

Tr c ht l kim tra vt li nu cn khgiy v chiu cao ca trang inFile> Page Setup.

Vo Window > New Layout Window (F5), trong ca s New LayoutWindowchng ta th ng chn One Frame for Window cho ca sbn anghot ng. Click OK, mt ca s trang in (Layout) xut hin trn menu chnh cthm mc Layout.

Thng th ng chn trong ca sbn l mt bn chuynv i ccch gii, v vy trong ca s trang in sc 2i t ng: khung cha bn vkhung ghi ch gii. Chng ta c thxt dng thc cho 2i t ng ny (dng

ng vin v dng mu t)ThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 51


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T ng tnh trong ca sbn , MapInfo cho chng ta xt v tr t ngi ca khung bn trong ca s trang in bng cch voLayout > ChangeZoom, vxem tr n trang in trong ca s trang in chng ta sdng chc nngView Entire Layout.

Trong ca sny chng ta cng c thv thm cci t ng cng nh ghi thm cc ghi ch nh tiubn , ngun gc bn ,...v i cc dng thcr t linhng v s p x p chng v i chc nng Align Objects(dng hng vit ng). Chn cci t ng mun dng hng voLayout > Align Objects:

- Khung Horizontal:dng hng theo chiu ng (bn tri, gia

hay bn phi).- Khung Vertical:dng hng theo chiu ngang ( trn, gia hay

d i)Trn trang in chng ta c ththm cc ni dung khc nh1 bng d liu,

1 biu hohay mt ca sbn khc,....s c xcnh trong ca s Frame Objects khi chng ta chn biu t ng Frame trong h p cng c Drawing.

V i Frame Objects, chng ta r t ch ng s p t ni dung trang in.Chc nng Create Drop Shadowtrong mc Layout gip chng ta to

mt khung vin ni pha saui t ng ca trang in.Chng ta lu trang in theo dngWorspace.

===&&===



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Ch ng 6MT STIN CH KHC

6.1. Thao tc trn cci t ng Lm trn gc (Smooth) v tr vnguyn trng (Unsmooth)

Tmenu Object>Smooth v Object>UnSmooth lm trn gc hay tr v nguyn tr ng.

Hai chc nng ny ch thc hin trni t ng ng.Chc nng lm trngc s lm trn cc gc ca ng gy khc v chc nng lm tr vnguyntr ng sphc hi li nguyn tr ng ca i t ng c lm trn gc.

Chuyn i t kiu a gic thnh kiu ng v ng c li:TmenuObject>Convert to Polynesv object>Convert to Regionsthc

hin chng. Ch : Ch c kiu ng m i lm trn gc c nn c thlm trn gc

mt a gic chng ta chuyn i n thnh kiu ng. Ngoi ra,sdng mt i t ng a l cho hai hay nhiu l p d liu

khc nhau, nhmt khc sng va c kiu ng trong l p d liu sng suiva c kiu vng trong l p d liu ranh gi i hnh chnh, chng ta chuyn i t kiu vng sang kiu ngtrnh sai skhi sho nhiu ln.

To giaoim chung cho cci t ng ln cn:Chng ta chn Object >OverlayNodesto giaoim chung ny.

to thm mt (hay cc) trung gian trn mt i t ng x l c kiu ng hay kiu vng ti im giao ti p i v i t ng chun.

To gi i hn vng nhn trong c a sbn :Chng ta c thgi i hn vng nhn trong ca sbn theo ranh gi i ca

mt i t ng theo kiu a gic.Chn (Select) i t ng ny r i voMap>SetClip Regionhay click biu t ng ca chc nng ny trong ca sMain ti t ng ny l gi i hn vng ct. T i y mun xem ton ca sbn haych trong gi i hn vng ct chng ta xtClip Region OnhayOff trong mc Maphay click vo biu t ng ny trong ca sMain.

Thao tc ny ch c tc dng tm th i i v i ca s bn ang hotng, khng lm thayi l p dliu.6.2. Thao tc trn tp tin ca l p d liu (Table)

Cc thao tc d i y c ththc hin cho cc l p dliu ang c m .



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6.2.1.i tn l p d liuVoTable > Maintenance > Rename Table, chn tn l p d liu trong

ca s Rename Tabler i click khungRename, nh p tn m i cho l p d liu

trong ca s Rename Table th hai. Nu chng tai tn thmc (Directory)th l p dliu ny s c chuyn n thmc khai bo.

6.2.2. Xo l p d liu trn aVo Table > Maintenance > Delete Table, chn l p d liu mun xo

trong ca s Delete Tabler i click khung Delete ; click OK trong ca sm ixut hin xo.

6.2.3. Xo khong dung l ng a ca cci t ng b s a iMi khi chng ta thao tc trn cci t ng a l nhk t h p li, chia

ct, sa i v tr ccim trung gian,.... MapInfo s to ra mt hay nhiu it ng m i. Mc d xo thng tin ca cci t ng c sa i nhngdung l ng chim trn a ca i t ng ny vn cn tn ti. xo khongtr ng v ch ny trong cc t p tin, chng ta voTable > Mainrenance > Pack Table.



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Chn tn l p d liu trong khung Pack Table,mc nh cc la chnkhc r i click OK. Sau khi thc hin thao tc ny l p d liu khng cn hindin mn hnh nhng vn cnang m . Mun chng xut hin trong mt ca s no chng ta click khung Add trong ca s Layer Control ca ca s , hocmun hin trong mt ca s bn m i chng ta voWindow > New MapWindow. 6.2.4. Thhin d liu bng biu

Mt khnng khc ca MapInfo l c ththhin s liu cc ct ca l pdliu ang m theo dng biu .

Nu chmun thhin biu ca mt s i t ng (hng) chng ta phichn cci t ng tr c khi voWindow > New Graph Window (F4).

Trong ca s New Graph Window(ca sbiu ) chng ta skhai bo

tn l p dliu hay cci t ng c chn tr c (Selection), sau xcnhcc ct m sliu s c thhin trn biu v cui cng l chn ct/hng lm tn cho cci t ng trn.

Click OK, trn mn hnh shin thm ca sbiu v trn menu (chnh)shin Graph (thay cho Map hay Layout, hay Browser).



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.thayi cch thhin mc nh nh trn, chng ta sdng cc chc

nng trong mc Graph. - Graph > Formatting: Khi vo chc nng ny, ca s Formatting sxut hin, cho php chng

ta t ta v i phng, c ch tu chn cho biu ; chng ta cng c thchnkiu biu (din tch, hnh ct, hnh bnh, dng ng hayim), 2 hay 3chiu, c quay ngang hay khng,...

- Graph > Grids and Scales >:ThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 56


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Hai chc nng ny dngxt thuc tnh ca tr c ghi tn v tr c ghi gitr s ca cci t ng bao gm tr s ti thiu, ti a, n v, cchnh du n v, tn ca tr c,....

- Graph > Series:Vo chc nng ny chng ta c th thayi cch thhin cc ct s liu

bao gm kiu, kch c , mu sc.

6.2.5. Xut nhp cc dng d liu trao i v i cc phn mn khc Xut: (Export).

Cc l p d liu trong MapInfo c thchuyn thnh mt sdng khc nh Cc MapInfochuy n i (*.mif) , dng Autocad (*.dxf) , d ng v n bn ( .txt) haydng c s d liu (.dbf). Ch hai dng tr c (*.mif v *.dxf) bo ton c cci t ng a l. Th ng chng ta chuyn thnh dng *.dxf v dng ny thng

dng nht.ThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 57


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Chng ta c thxut ton b l p d liu hay ch l mt scc i t ngca l p dliu, trong tr ng h p ny chng ta phi chn cci t ng ny tr ckhi voTable < Export. Chng ta schn l p d liu hay ch cc i t ng c chn trong ca s Export Table. Click Export, sxut hin ca s ExportTable to File.

Trong ca sny chng ta chn File Formatl AutoCAD DXF , v tn t ptin dng DXF t ngng v i d liu (r ng tr ng nm 1998), xong click Export .Trong ca s DXF Export Informationm i xut hin, chng ta nn chn nh sau:

Nnnh du vo khung Preserve Multi-Polygon Regions as DXF Blocks v Preserve Attribute Data lu cc thng tin thuc tnh ca i t ng bao

gm nhiu a gic.ThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 58


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Click Save, MapInfo s tin hnh t p tin chuyn i theo dng chn(*.dxf)

Nhp: (Inport)

MapInfo c th s dng thng tin t mt s dng khc nh dngAutoCAD DXF, dng MapInfo chuyn i. Sau y l tin trnhng nh pthng tin dng DXF vo MapInfo.

Vo Table > Import, trong ca s Import File chng ta chn Import format l AutoCAD DXF, v t p tin cn chuyn nh p(rung_trong_nam_1998.dxf) trong thmc lu.

(xut hin ca sgn ging nhca sExport Table to File)Click Open, xut hin ca s DXF Import Information.

Trong ca sny chng taphi click vo khungProjectionkhai bo php chiu ph h p bn sdng (khai bo ging nhcc cch khai bothhin). Click vo khungSet Transformationbit n v ca to m bn s ang nh v. y ch thhin to Max/Min ca bn v cat p tin *.dxf (mc nh hai t p tin ny sc cng ta Max/Min). Sau khi khai bo xong, chng ta click OK v my sthc hin vic ng nh p.

xem li k t qu, chng ta voMap > New Map Windowv Map >New Browser Window, v chn tn l p d liu m i ny, trn mn hnh sxuthin:



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Trong ca s ny, chng ta c thchn nhiu l p d liu (ti a 4 l p)trn cng mt ca sbn bng cch chn cc l p d liu khc nhau ti ccdng Map Tables.6.3. K t xut d liu o c bng GPS thng qua MapSource 4.0 vng nhp vo MapInfo

MapSource 4.0 khng x l c dng d liu o c c. Cc d liuny nht thit phi c chuyn qua cc phn mn khcx l v p dng chocc mc ch ca chng ta.ti liu ny, d liu c k t xut chuyn voMapInfo.6.3.1. K t xut d liu o c t mynh vGPS

D liu tmy nh v GPS c chuyn vo my tnh thng qua phnmm chuyn dng, y s dng MapSourse 4.0. Lu file tt nht d i dng*.dxf.

k t xut sang dng t p tin *.dxf, t ca s ca MapSource chng ta vomenuFile> Exportnhhnh sau:



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Sau chng ta tm kim chn tn t p tin cn chuyn i. Ch ltrong mc Save As Type phi chn ch DXF (*.dxf). V chn Save lut p tin chn thnh t p tin m i

Khi, MapSource cho ra ca s DXF Export Customizationsau:

Thng th ng chng ta ginguyn cc gi tr khai bo mc nh ca chngm khng cn khai bo thm v click OK. K t quscho k t qul mt t p tin

c dng *.dxf. Tin trnh k t xut dliu thnh cng.ThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 61


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6.3.2.ng nhp d liu vo MapInfo TMapInfo ta chn menuTable > Importchng ta c ca snhsau:

Trong ca s Import File ny, chng ta chn t p tin cn chnh sa dng*.dxf. V dl 437-449.dxf. Sau click Open chng ta s c ca ssau:

Trong ca s DFX Import Informationny, tr c tin chng ta phiclick vo khungProjectionkhai bo php chiu cho l p d liu bn nytheo cc cch khai bo thhin. Nu chng ta mun d li tt ccc d liugc t t p tin *.dxf th click vo mc Preserve Attribute Data. Sau click vokhungSet Transformation xem ta a l ca d liu cn ng nh p.Chng ta c ca ssau:



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Trong ca s Set Coordinate Transformationchng ta nhn thy c haict to . Ct bn tri l to XMax, XMin v YMax, YMin ca d liu dng t p

tin *.dxf. V t ng t, ct bn phi l to ca t p tin s c chuyn sangdng *.TAB m MapInfo squn l. Cui cng, click OK th d liu s cchuyn sang dng *.TAB m MapInfo qun l.6.4. Chnh s a d liu ca bn sho

Bn sho khng trnh khi nhng sai shthng: thnht l do saiscc bca mt vng nh(so v i hthng ton cu, hoc so v i hthng phnvng ng Nam , Chu ,ng bn cu,); thhai l do sai strong khi s ho bn , c hai tr ng h p xy ra: (1) dochnh xc khi nh p d liu uvo t nh -nh vtinh,nh my bay hay scaner, (2) do d liu ghi nhn tGPS.

Trong ti liu ny, chng ta ch xem xt sai sdo d liu u vo tGPS.Sai sny thng th ng (phbin nht): do ng i sdng xcnh mc saischo php ca GPS - phthuc vo tng chng loi my GPS; doa hnh thca khng bng phng, c nhiu i v khe tr ng hoc d i tn r ng r m; docc th i im o khc nhau trong nm.

Do vy, vic khc phc nhng nh c im ny l ht sc cn thit tngchnh xc cho d liu trn quy m mt vng nhmt lm tr ng, mt huynhay mt x no.

Sau khi chng ta chuyn d liu hon tt tMapSource sang MapInfo(theo quy trnh trnh by) m pht hin c s sai lch chng ta thc hin vicchnh sa nhsau:

T ca s Set Coordinate Transformationny, chng ta mun dchchuyn to X, Y ca t p tin s c thc hin (*.TAB) sang mt ta XiYi th chng ta phi cng/tr mt gi tr t ngng cho cgi tr XMax, XMin v YMax,YMin. Sau click OK v chng ta c c mt t p tin *.TAB v i ta nh mong mun.

V d: Trn mt bn vgiao thng, chng ta mun dch chuyn chngtmt to banu n mt to cch v i gi tr XMax = XMin = -450 m v

YMax= YMin = +350. Ta c ca ssau khi khai bo nhsau:ThS. Nguy n c Bnh ThS. Hong H u C i KS. Nguy n Qu c BnhBmn LNXH HNL Tp. HCM, Thng 3/2003 63


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Ch : Ct X,Y bn tri ginguyn gi tr banu v ct X, Y bn phi thayi gi tr .

Cui cng, chng ta click OK scho k t qul l p dliu nhhnh sauy.

L p dliu c chuyn i theo mt ng cho ca hnh chnhtc cnh l 450 x350 (m) vpha trn bn tri.

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Ung Dung MapInfo Trong Xay Dung Ban Do

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