www.pasisahlberg.com Pasi Sahlberg, PhD Director General CIMO (Ministry of Education) Helsinki UnFinnished Business: Education Policy Lessons from Finland www.pasisahlberg.com
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www.pasisahlberg.com
Pasi Sahlberg, PhD Director General CIMO (Ministry of Education) Helsinki
UnFinnished Business: Education Policy Lessons from Finland
www.pasisahlberg.com
FINLAND
Education system performance over time in Finland and developed nations
Learning, Participation, Equity, and Efficiency
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Policy Paradoxes
Paradox #1: Excellence through Equity
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550
Low Quality High
High Equity Low
Finland Japan Canada
New Zealand
Australia
Netherlands
Korea
United States Germany
Italy
Norway
Spain Denmark
UK
Iceland
Belgium Luxemburg
Austria Portugal
Israel
Poland Slovakia
Greece
Reading literacy PISA score 2009
Percentage of variance of student reading perform
ance due to socio-‐economic status
Percentage of variance of student reading performance due to socio-‐economic status
OECD 2010
PISA 2006
Equity in education variation of student performance in science
Variation of performance between
schools
Variation of performance within
schools
Equity in education variation of student performance in science
PISA 2006
Paradox #2: Less is More
Finnish teachers teach less…
OECD 2011
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Mex
ico
New
Zea
land
S
cotla
nd
Aus
tralia
R
ussi
an
Ger
man
y P
ortu
gal
Net
herla
nds
Irela
nd
Eng
land
S
pain
B
elgi
um (F
l.)
Slo
veni
a Ic
elan
d B
elgi
um (F
r.)
Nor
way
D
enm
ark
Fran
ce
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Luxe
mbo
urg
Est
onia
K
orea
H
unga
ry
Aus
tria
Japa
n Ita
ly
Isra
el
Finl
and
Pol
and
Gre
ece
Hours per year
Middle School Teachers
Net contact time in hours per year in public institutions
Finnish pupils study less …
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Finl
and
Sw
eden
Kor
ea
Nor
way
Ger
man
y
Gre
ece
Japa
n
Aus
tria
Den
mar
k
OE
CD
ave
rage
Por
tuga
l
Bel
gium
Spa
in
Irela
nd
Eng
land
Fran
ce
Mex
ico
Italy
Aus
tralia
Net
herla
nds
Ages 12-14
Ages 9-11
Ages 7-8
Total compulsory instruction hours between 7 and 14 year-olds
OECD 2011
… in and out of school
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
50,000 55,000 60,000 65,000 70,000 75,000 80,000 85,000 90,000 95,000 100,000
Norway
Finland
Korea
Portugal
United States
Austria Switzerland
Denmark
Germany
Canada
Greece
Italy
Spain
France
Ireland Sweden
Belgium
United Kingdom
Australia Netherlands
Japan
Cumulative cost per student in USD (2006)
PIS
A s
cien
ce s
core
in 2
006
More money, less learning
OECD 2010
Learning
Cost
Paradox #3: Test Less, Learn More
National averages of 15-year-old students learning outcomes in mathematics 2000-06
460
480
500
520
540
560
USA UK Canada Australia Japan New Zealand Ireland Finland
2000
2003
2006
Finnish Students are Tested Less
OECD 2001-2007
Standardized tests in three education systems
1st 3rd 6th 9th 12th
Grades in school
T
T
T
T T T
T T T T T T
Standardization
Paradox #4: Teaching is A Dream Job
Applicants to primary school teacher education
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Male
Female
Applicants to primary school teacher education
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Male
Female
Accepted
Teacher salaries relative to workers with college degree
Admission: 1st Phase 2nd Phase 3rd Phase - high school merits - exam - interview
- other merits
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
OECD 2010
UnFinnished Business
Academic Holistic X
Global Educational Reform Movement
Finnish Way
Foreword by Andy Hargreaves
Standardization Personalization X
Global Educational Reform Movement
Finnish Way
Foreword by Andy Hargreaves
Competition Team work X
Global Educational Reform Movement
Finnish Way
Foreword by Andy Hargreaves
Choice Equal opportunity X
Global Educational Reform Movement
Finnish Way
Foreword by Andy Hargreaves
Accountability Trust X
Global Educational Reform Movement
Finnish Way
Meaning of Finnish Lessons
Teacher Policy: Professionalization
Accountability Policy: Trust-based responsibility
Testing Policy: Purposeful assessment
1
2
3
”One thing I never want to see happen is schools that are just teaching to the test because then you’re not learning about the world, you’re not learning about different cultures, you’re not learning
about science, you’re not learning about math.”
“All you’re learning about is how to fill out a little bubble on an exam and little tricks
that you need to do in order to take a test and that’s not going to make education interesting.”
28 march 2011
"The story of Finland's extraordinary educational reforms is one that should inform policymakers and educators around the world.” —Linda Darling-Hammond, Stanford University “A terrific synthesis by a native Finn, a teacher, a researcher and a policy analyst all rolled up into one excellent writer.” —David Berliner, Arizona State University "This book is a wake-up call for the U.S. It is the antidote to the NCLB paralysis." —Henry M. Levin, Teachers College, Columbia University
Foreword by Andy Hargreaves
Kiitos!
www.pasisahlberg.com Twitter: @pasi_sahlberg
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