Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points Training programme on Energy Efficient technologies for climate change mitigation in Southeast Asia ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING SYSTEM ( Industries, Public Utilities & Residential Buildings) ENERGY EFFICIENCY INFORMATION SHARING SERIES
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UNEP training for climate change mitigation - lighting
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Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Training programme on Energy Efficient technologies for climate
change mitigation in Southeast Asia
ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING SYSTEM
( Industries, Public Utilities & Residential
Buildings)
ENERGY EFFICIENCY INFORMATION
SHARING SERIES
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Introduction
• Lighting energy consumption
• 20-45% in commercial buildings
• 3-10% in industrial plants
• Significant energy savings can be
realized with a minimal capital investment
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– Lamp(s)
• Equipment to produce light
– Luminaire • Distributes, filters or transforms the light emitted from lamp(s)
• Includes the necessary parts for fixing and protecting the lamps
• May include circuit auxiliaries
– Gear • Ballast
• allast provides necessary starting voltage to fluorescent and HID lamps and limits and regulates the lamp current during operation
• Agitator helps to start high intensity metal halide and sodium vapour lamps.
Components of a lighting system
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Definitions and Common Terms
Lumen
• 1 lumen = the photometric equivalent of the watt
• 1 lumen = luminous flux per m2 of a sphere with 1
m radius and a 1 candela isotropic light source at
the centre
Lux
• metric unit of measure for illuminance on a
surface: 1 lux = 1 lumen / m2
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Types of Lighting Systems
• Incandescent lamps
• Tungsten Halogen Lamps
• Fluorescent lamps
• High pressure sodium lamps
• Low pressure sodium lamps
• Mercury vapour
• Metal halide
• Blended
• LED lamps
HID lamps
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Color rendering index (CRI)
Color rendering
groups
CIE general color
rendering Index(Ra)
Typical application
1A Ra > 90 Wherever accurate color rendering is required
e.g. color printing inspection
1B 80 < Ra < 90 Wherever accurate color judgments are
necessary or good color rendering is required
for reasons of appearance e.g. display lighting
2 60 < Ra < 80 Wherever moderate color rendering is
required
3 40 < Ra < 60 Wherever color rendering is of little
significance but marked distortion of color is
unacceptable
4 20 < Ra < 40 Wherever color rendering is of no importance
at all and marked distortion of colour is
acceptable
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Types of Lighting Systems
Incandescent Lamps
• Emit radiation mainly in
the visible region
• Bulb contains vacuum or
gas filling
• Efficacy: 12 lumen / Watt
• Color rendering index: 1A
• Color temperature: 2500 –
2700 K
• Lamp life <2000 hrs
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Incandescent (GLS ) Lamps
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Types of Lighting Systems
Fluorescent Lamps
• 3 – 5 times as efficient as standard incandescent
lamps and last 10 – 20 times longer
• Electricity passes through a gas or metallic vapor
and causes radiation
• Fluorescent tubes are hot cathode lamps
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Luminous Efficacy
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Fluorescent Lamps
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Better T8, 26 mm
68 Lm/W
Good T12, 38 mm
60 Lm/W
Best T5, 16
mm
104
Lm/W
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5000 Hours
Good FTL 40W
T12, 38 mm dia
8000 Hours
Better FTL 36W
T8, 26 mm
dia
20000 Hours
Best FTL 28W
T5, 16 mm
dia
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Compact Fluorescent Lamps
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EFFICIENCIES OF LIGHTING SOURCES
Comparison of Efficiencies of Different Lighting Sources
1.01.2 1.3
1.6
4.95.2
4.9
6.1
6.7
5.2
6.0
8.0
7.4
10.0
11.6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12In
ca
nd
.
GLS
25
GLS
40
GLS
60
GLS
10
0
CFL
SL1
3P
SL1
8P
SL2
5P
PL1
1
PL1
5 FL
TL-1
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TLD
-8 +
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TLD
-8 S
up
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TLD
8 S
up
er
+ E
B
TLD
8 S
up
er
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TL-5
Su
pe
r +
EB
Co
mp
ari
son
(R
efe
ren
ce
: G
LS2
5 =
1)
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EFFICIENCIES OF LIGHTING SOURCES
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Types of Lighting Systems
High Pressure Sodium (HPS) Lamps
• Used in outdoor and industrial applications
• Consist of: ballast, high- voltage electronic starter,
ceramic arc tube, xenon gas filling, sodium, mercury
• No starting electrodes
• High efficacy: 60 – 80 lumen/Watt
• Color rendering index: 1 - 2
• Color temperature: warm
• Lamp life < 24,000 hrs
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High pressure sodium vapor lamps
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Types of Lighting Systems
Low Pressure Sodium (LPS) Lamps
• Commonly included in the HID family
• Highest efficacy: 100 - 200 lumen/Watt
• Poorest quality light: colors appear black, white
or grey shades
• Limited to outdoor applications
• Efficacy: Color rendering index: 3
• Color temperature: yellow
• Lamp life < 16,000 hours
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Types of Lighting Systems
Mercury Vapor Lamps
• Oldest HID lamp
• Consists of: arc tube with mercury and argon
gas and quartz envelope, third electrode, outer
phosphor coated bulb, outer glass envelope
• Long life and low initial costs
• Very poor efficacy: 30 – 65 lumens/Watt
• Color rendering index: 3
• Color temperature: intermediate
• Lamp life: 16000 – 24000 hours
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Mercury Lamps
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Metal halide Lamps
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Case : MERCURY Vs. SODIUM VAPOUR LAMP
• A 4,000 m2 working area in a factory
• Need for new lighting system
– Required task illuminance: 450 lux
• Proposals under consideration
– Mercury vapour lamp (efficacy: 56 lm/W)
– High-pressure sodium vapour lamp (efficacy: 93
lm/W)
• Period of use: 5,000 h/year
• Electricity price: US$0.06/kWh
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MERCURY Vs. SODIUM VAPOUR LAMP
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Types of Lighting Systems
LED Lamps
• Newest type of energy efficient lamp
• Two types:
• red-blue-green array
• phosphor-coated blue lamp
• Emit visible light in a very narrow spectrum and
can produce “white light”
• Used in exit signs, traffic signals, and the
technology is rapidly progressing
• Significant energy savings: 82 – 93%
• Longest lamp life: 40,000 – 100,000 hours
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Types of Lighting Systems
Reflectors
• Impact how much light reaches
area and distribution pattern
• Diffuse reflectors:
• 70-80% reflectance but declining in time
• painted or powder coated white finish
• Specular reflectors:
• 85-96% reflectance and less decline in time
• Polished or mirror-like
• Not suitable for industrial open-type strip
fixtures
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Types of Lighting Systems
Gear
• Ballast
• Current limiting device
• Helps voltage build-up in fluorescent lights
• Igniters
• Start metal halide and sodium vapor lamps
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Comparing lamps
Type of Lamp
Lum / Watt Color
Rendering
Index
Typical Application Life (Hours)
Range Avg.
Incandescent 8-18 14 Excellent Homes, restaurants, general