unemploymentinindia

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PresentationofIndian


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Unemployment

in India

Topic


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Submitted to

Dr. PinkiAssit. Prof. of Commerce

Indira Gandhi University,Meerpur


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Submitted byBHAWNA SAINI

TARUNA KOCHER

MONIKA GUPTA

MADHUBALA

M.COM HONS 5THsemester


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Contents

Meaning of unemployment Defination of unemployment Effects of unemployment auses of unemployment Types of unemployment Suggestions to solve unemployment problem Steps taken by Government to increase Employment Employment in Eleventh five year plan


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Meaning of UnemploymentUnemployment

means a situation inwhich people arewilling to work at

the existing rate ofwage but they do

not get work.


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Pigou

A man is unemployed only whenhe is both without a job or notemployed and also desires to be

employed

Definition of Unemployment


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Loss ofHuman

Resour-ces

Increasein Poverty

SocialsProblems

Effects ofUnemployment


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Political

Instability

Exploitatio-

n ofLabourers


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auses of unemployment

Rapidgrowth of

population

Automation Agriculture, aseasonal Industry

DefectiveEducation System


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Less saving andinvestment

Lack ofemployment

policy

Slow progress ofIndustrialisation

Slow economicgrowth


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Open UnemploymentUnder UnemploymentEducated UnemploymentIndustrial UnemploymentRural UnemploymentUrban UnemploymentSeasonal UnemploymentFrictional UnemploymentStructural UnemploymentCyclical Unemployment

Types of Unemployment


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It means the person does notget employment at all duringthe year. These person arewilling to work havenecessary skills capabilitybut they are not able to findthe work.

Open Unemployment


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It means the person getsemployment for a few monthsand remains unemployed forsome months. Secondly itmeans person works at a jobthat is below hisqualification.

Under Unemployment


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Educated unemployment

When educated people do not get job according to theireducational standard it is called educatedunemployment.ndustrial Unemployment

With the rapid growth of population andurbanisation, more people seek employment inindustries. Because of seasonal nature ofagriculture, people from village come to urban areasin search of industrial jobs.


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Rural unemploymentIt is characterised by seasonalunemployment and underunemployment.

Urban unemploymentIt is characterised by educated

unemployment, openunemployment and industrialunemployment.


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Seasonal UnemploymentIt means a person is employed ina particular season and isunemployed in another season.

In India it is very common inagriculture. Here persons getwork in cropping andharvesting season and in othermonths of the year theyremain unemployed. It isestimated that a farmer whosows a single crop in a yearremains unemployed generallyfor 5 to 7 months.


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Frictional UnemploymentThis unemployment of

temporary nature. It arisesdue to marketimperfections. Whenpeople shifts one place toanother and there theyseek jobs; there many beunfilled vacancies at thatplace but it takes sometime to match the unfilledvacancies.


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Structural UnemploymentThis unemployment is because

of technology changes orchange in the demand patternof goods. It is possible thatdemand of new type of goodshas increase or technologicaladvancement has taken placeand labour does not have rightskills to manufacture new typeof goods or work with newtechnology.


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Cyclical UnemploymentIn every economy trade cycles

prevail i.e. period of boomdepression. In the period ofboom there are manyeconomic activities. Morepersons jobs in the period ofboom. While in the period ofdepression there are lessereconomic activities likedecrease in demand.


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SUGG STIONS Check on population

National employment policy

Strengthening Information Technologysector

Promoting rural non farm Activities

More Industrialisation

Promotion of Exports

Change in the Education system


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Steps taken by government to

increase employment

Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgaryojana(SGSY)

It is the single self employment programme for the ruralpoor. It was launched in Apirl, 1999.It aims atestablishing a large number of small enterprises in

the rural areas. The expenditure on SGSY is shared bythe central and state government in the ratio of 75:25.

For north- eastern states this ratio is 90:10.The SGSY isimplemented by District Rural DevelopmentAuthoritythrough the Panchayat Samitis.The SGSY

has now been restructured as National RuralLivelihood Mission (NRLM).


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Sampoorna grameen rozgar yojana(sgry)

It was launched on the 1stseptember, 2001. The main

objectives of this yojana areto provide opportunity of

employment to surpluslabour , to provide food

security, development of thebasic infrastucture.This

yojana has set a target ofcreating 100 crore man days

of employment. In thisyojana part of wages are

paid in terms of food.


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Micro, small and medium

enterprises

With a view to reducing unemployment,government has made special efforts todevelop micro, small and mediumenterprises. In 2009-10, as many as 695lakh persons were employed in theseindustries. Special incentives are givento these enterprises in 11thfive year plan.


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Development of organised sector

Many people are gettingemployed in organised

public and private

sectors, such as,industries, mining,transport, constructionactivities etc.In the year

2008-09, it providedemployment to 2 crore

and 81 lakh persons

employment in foreign


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employment in foreign

countriesGovernment also helps people to get employment aboard.

Special agencies have been set up to recruit people toserve in foreign countries like Kuwait, Saudi Arabia,

Iran, Canada, Australia, etc.

NATIONAL FOOD FOR WORKPROGRAMME

In November 2004, Government has started

National food for work programme in 150 most backward districts of the country. In this programmewages are distributed in the form of foodgrains. This

scheme is aimed at rural poor.


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Swaranjayanti shahari rozgar yojana

This yojana provides employment tourban unemployed. It came into

operation from 1stdecember, 1997.it comprises of two special

schemes;

Urban self employmentprogramme(USEP) Urban wage employment

programme(UWEP)In urban self employment

programme the person starts his

own work/business and earnsprofit while in urban wage

employment programme theperson takes employment as

employee with some other personand get wage/ salary for his work.


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Mahatma gandhi national rural

employment guarantee

act(mgnrega)

Government enacted MGNREGA in 2005 and inyear 2006-07, this act has been implemented in

200 districts of the nation. It provides atleast 100days of guaranteed wage employment in every

financial year to the poor persons living in ruralareas to atleast one adult person in every house

hold.Now, this act has been extented to all 640districts.


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mployment in eleventh five year plan Creating 58 million new employment oportunities Reducing unemployment rate to below 5 per cent

Creating quality jobs in organised sectors

Creating non agriculture work oportunities bycreating jobs in industrial and service sectors

Special programmes aimed at target groups such asweavers, artisans, craftmens etc.


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