UNDP RBA Workshop on MDG-Based National Development Strategies Module 3: Rural Development Investment Needs to Achieve the MDGs February 27-March 3, 2006.

UNDP RBA Workshop onMDG-Based

National Development Strategies

Module 3:Rural Development Investment Needs

to Achieve the MDGs

February 27-March 3, 2006

www.unmillenniumproject.org2

Introduction

The rural development investment cluster includes interventions to:

increase food production increase incomes ensure access to basic infrastructure

services


Key Interventions

1. Agricultural Productivity

2. Rural Income Generation

3. Transport

4. Energy

5. Water Supply and Sanitation

6. Water Resources Infrastructure and Management


Soil Fertility Depletion

132 million tons of N,15 million tons of P,90 million tons of K (worth $11 billion/year) waslost from cultivated land in 37 African countries during the last 30 yearsSmaling, 1993Sanchez, 2002


FAO Index of Net Food Output per Capita, 1961-2000

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

World E SE Asia South Asia Sub-Sahara

The Problem: Falling per capita Food Availability in Sub-Saharan Africa


0

0.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

4.5

55.5

66.5

77.5

8

Observed On-farm

OfficialOn-farm

On-station Commercialfarmers

Gra

in y

ield

(t

ha

-1)

Zambia

Tanzania

Kenya

Uganda

Ethiopia

Burkina Faso

Niger

Botswana

Zimbabwe

The Yield Gap: Raising Agricultural Productivity is Possible

Reported grain yield levels in Sub-Saharan Africa


Agricultural Productivity -Choose Interventions

Focus on food-insecure farmers Interventions aimed at raising food productivity to increase

household consumption and generate marketable surplus Interventions cover:

Investments to increase soil health (e.g., fertilizers, agroforestry)

Provision of improved seeds and planting material Investments in small scale on-farm water management for

agriculture (e.g. water harvesting, conservation, irrigation technology)

Agriculture and irrigation extension services with a special focus on reaching women farmers

Research in agriculture Develop agriculture support systems (early warning systems)


Interventions to Improve Nutritional Outcomes

Direct nutritional interventions to pregnant women and lactating mothers

Encourage complementary feeding for infants

School meals sourced through local production

Reduce under-nutrition among children under 5 years

Reduce vitamin and mineral deficiencies targeted at vulnerable groups, through micronutrient supplementation when needed

Emergency relief (early warning systems, safety nets, direct food aid)


Rural Income Generation -Choose Interventions

Help the poor connect with markets– Farmers associations– Community and market centers– Improving transportation systems– Training and skills development

Value-addition/agro-based processing activities– Quality financial services including microfinance– Storage facilities to reduce post harvest losses


Agricultural Productivity and Rural Income Generation - Define Targets

Agricultural productivity Taking 1990 as the baseline year, enable at least half of the

food-insecure subsistence farm households to grow enough food to feed themselves by 2015

Rural income generation Taking 1990 as the baseline year, provide at least half the

food-insecure households in rural areas with access to food storage facilities, quality financial services, value added food processing services, and marketing organizations (such as cooperatives) by 2015.


Estimate Resource Needs

Country demographic data

Needs per beneficiary

TOTAL NEEDS

Target Population

Target coverage rates

Cost, HR, infrastructure components for key

interventions


Key Interventions



3. Transport

4. Energy




The Case for Transport Infrastructure and Services as Part of an MDG

strategy Transport is not mentioned in the MDGs, but

improved transport services (incl. roads, railways, and ports) are critical to:– Lower cost of national and international trade– Reduce cost of agricultural inputs and raise

farmgate prices for produce– Improve prospects for non-farm rural

employment– Improve access to social services (in particular

emergency obstetric care to reduce MMR)– Reduce time poverty – particularly of women


Transport -Choose Interventions

Transport systems for health and other essential social services and infrastructure maintenance

Upgrading and construction of footpaths, paved secondary or district roads as well as small paved feeder and community roads.

Institutional structure and funding arrangements for adequate road maintenance (such as dedicated road funds).


Transport -Possible Targets

By 2015 establish national systems for providing and maintaining motorbikes or other vehicles in support of healthcare, agricultural extension, maintenance of infrastructure, etc.

Ensure that 90 percent of the rural population is within 2km of the nearest motorized pick-up point by 2015.


Transport Needs Assessment

Elements of a roads needs assessment:Transport services

• cost of setting up and operating an integrated fleet of vehicles to provide key social services and infrastructure maintenance

• see Riders for Health costing model (www.riders.org)

Transport infrastructure• carry out an inventory of existing road stock to

ascertain the need for rehabilitation and regular maintenance

• estimate additional roads needed to meet the access targets


Key Interventions



3. Transport

4. Energy




The Case for Energy Infrastructure and Services as Part of an MDG Strategy

Lower indoor air pollution (e.g. to reduce U5MR) Improve provision of social services (e.g.

lighting in schools, refrigeration in health centers)

Increase agricultural productivity (e.g. through groundwater pumps)

Reduce women’s time poverty (e.g. to halve poverty and achieve gender equity goal)

Make energy available for manufacturing industries and other productive uses (e.g. to halve poverty)

Halt deforestation and other land degradation


Energy Services for the MDGs

Cooking with modern fuels and improved stoves

Electricity

Motive power/energy to be generated by simple means, water pumping, etc


Energy Choose “MDG-Compatible” Interventions

Efficient cooking stoves, modern fuels & improved ventilation

Increase sustainable biomass production (e.g. agroforestry, woodlots or community forestry, area closures, etc.)

Off-grid electricity together with necessary wiring to schools and health facilities complemented with battery charging stations

Rehabilitation and extension of the electric power grid/connection

Motive power infrastructure and fuels/diesel generator


Energy Possible Rural Targets

Enable the use of modern fuels and devices for 50% of those who at present use traditional biomass for cooking

Support x% of the population in adopting improved cook-stoves and measures to reduce the adverse health impacts from cooking with biomass

Ensure by 2008 that all schools and health facilities have access to electricity

Provide access to modern energy services at the community level for all rural communities (in the form of electricity and mechanical power)


Energy Needs Assessment

Coverage Targets (Access )•Modern fuels for 50% of those who currently use biomass•Electricity for urban and peri-urban areas•Electricity and motive power for rural communities

Population & Infrastructure Data • # of HH• # of communities• km of LV/MV/HV line

Cost Data • Cooking: Cookstoves and fuel • Electricity: ($ per km line; connection cost; $/kWh)

Input Ratios: • kg fuel per hh• kWh of electricity per hh/yr

x

Covered Population

&

Total Costs


Key Interventions



3. Transport

4. Energy




Water Supply and Sanitation (Rural) -Choose Interventions

Provision and operation of infrastructure for domestic water supply

Construction and operation of sanitation facilities including drainage systems and facilities for disposal of sullage and wastewater

Hygiene education

Provision and operation of infrastructure for water supply and sanitation for schools and health facilities.


Water Supply and Sanitation (Rural) -Define Targets

MDG Target 10

Taking 1990 as the baseline year:

Halve the proportion of people in rural areas without sustainable access to safe drinking water by 2015

Halve the proportion of people in rural areas without sustainable access to basic sanitation by 2015, aiming for each target village to achieve full sanitation coverage and to end the practice of open defecation


Water Supply and Sanitation (Rural):Estimating Needs - Key Points

Define technology mix to be used each year (e.g., boreholes vs. rainwater collection, latrines vs. septic tanks)

Include rehabilitation of existing but defective infrastructure

Include full operation and maintenance costs

Millennium Project Needs assessment Tool is available


Key Interventions



3. Transport

4. Energy




Case for Water Resources Management and Infrastructure for the MDGs

IWRM needed to manage increasingly scarce water resources effectively (National Regional Local)

Water storage is required to – Mitigate impact of run-off variability to ensure perennial

water supply– Increase hydropower potential– Flood protection

No country has generated sustained economic growth without large-scale investments in water storage

Irrigation infrastructure required to– Increase yields and strengthen potential for cash crops– Mitigate impact of inter and intra seasonal precipitation

variability


Water Resources Infrastructure & Management - Interventions

Provision and maintenance of water storage and other infrastructure for water management (such as watershed management and water conservation, early warning systems, ground and surface storage systems, etc.)

Plans, systems and institutions for integrated water resources management, as appropriate

Hydrological monitoring

Measures to address the social and environmental issues associated with large-scale water management infrastructure


Thinking About Country Needs

Are there costed sectoral strategies? How can sectoral NA work be integrated into national

planning processes? Who are the key stakeholders to be engaged to:

identify interventions, set targets, provide data agree on unit costs, with review by technical

experts How can targets and interventions be monitored and

evaluated periodically?

UNDP RBA Workshop on MDG-Based National Development Strategies Module 3: Rural Development Investment Needs to Achieve the MDGs February 27-March 3, 2006.

Documents

management slide

food productivity

transport infrastructure

transport services cost

food processing services

improved transport services

direct food aid slide

key interventions