25/03/2013 1 Understanding Root Causes Four Techniques Getting Our Head Around Causes • A participatory way to: – Sensitize people to the complexity of issue – Identifying leverage points for change – Mapping evolution of a group’s understanding of an issue.
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25/03/2013
1
Understanding Root Causes
Four Techniques
Getting Our Head Around Causes
• A participatory way to:
– Sensitize people to the
complexity of issue
– Identifying leverage points for change
– Mapping evolution of a group’s understanding of an issue.
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4 Types of Causal Analysis
Listing – identifying all the causes.
Leveling – looking for root causes.
Linking – exploring dynamic relationships between causes.
Looping – looking for dynamic relationships between causes.
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Listing
Example Description
• Identifying all the underlying cause (and effect) factors underlying the pattern of outcomes you would like to change.
Leveling
Summary Techniques
• Problem Tree
• The Five Whys
• Fishbone Diagrams
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Method: Problem Tree
Method: Core Relationships
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Method: Fishbone
Linking
Explores the reciprocal cause-and-effect relationships between factors.
Techniques
• Causal Dynamics
• Network Mapping
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Method Linking - Step 1: Brainstorm
• Brainstorm 5 to 7 factors that contribute to the pattern of outcomes you are trying to change.
• Write up each factor (1-2 words each) on two stickie notes:
Low Income
Low Income
Step 2: Make a Table
Etc
X
X
X
Etc
X
Low Income
Substance Abuse
Low Income
Racism
Substance Abuse Racism
Incidents of Violent Behaviour
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Step 3: Rate Influence
Etc
X 7 6
5 X 6
6 2 X
Rate Influence of Factors (left to right) from 0 (no influence) to 10 (direct, powerful, and immediate influence)
Low Income
Substance Abuse
Low Income
Racism
Substance Abuse Racism
Incidents of Violent Behaviour
Step 3: Rate Influence on Issue/Pattern
Etc
X 7 6
5 X 6
6 2 X
4 1 5
Low Income
Substance Abuse
Low Income
Racism
Substance Abuse
Racism
Incidents of Violent Behaviour
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Method: Network Mapping
Homicide Rates In Edmonton
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(Causal) Looping
Summary Techniques
• The systems are interconnecting feedback loops, in that cause and effect chains loop back upon themselves. Causal looping shows how systems are composed of non-linear dynamics and chaos.
The Evolution of Gazelles and Cheetahs: The Dynamic Causal Loop
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Womens’ Poverty in Asia: Loop 1
Womens’ Poverty in Asia: Another Loop
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Womens’ Poverty in Asia: More Loops
Womens’ Poverty in Asia: Even More Loops
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Method: Causal Loop Diagram
http://www.thwink.org/sustain/glossary/CausalLoopDiagram.htm
Identify three contexts or initiatives where some type of “using causal analysis would be productive? Why would they be helpful? Identify one context or initiative where they would not be productive. Why would they not be helpful?
• What “aha's” (if any) did you have today?
• What new questions (if any) emerged for you?
• What is one thing you might do differently after today?
Final Reflections in Pairs
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