L K-filter Mean Square 0dB 0dB 0dB Gate Measured Loudness Simplified block diagram of multichannel loudness algorithm ITU-R BS.1770-2 10 Log 10 +1.5dB +1.5dB Mean Square Mean Square Mean Square Mean Square K-filter K-filter K-filter K-filter L s R s C R ∑ Simple loudness screen DK meter screen showing LU and the WEB PEAK (WEBP) scale. The WEB PEAK scale is a true peak scale showing the true peak value as described in ITU-R BS.1770-2. Loudness Range (LRA) Loudness range is a statistic calculation of the material’s dynamic range based on the short term (sliding) loudness (3 secs). Momentary Loudness (M) Momentary loudness is the sum of the RLB weighted audio channels and integrated over 400ms. Momentary loudness is used to calculate short term and integrated loudness. Short Term Loudness (S) (Sliding) Short term loudness is a 3 seconds integration of the momentary loudness. (10 and 30 seconds are also used in some standards/regions). Absolute Gated Integrated Loudness The absolute integrated loudness is a long term measurement (an integration over the entire material) based on the momentary loudness. It uses an absolute gate at -70LUFS/LKFS (M) which means that if the momentary loudness is getting under -70LUFS/LKFS then the measurement holds until the momentary loudness goes above. The absolute loudness is not used directly by the user, but is used to calculate the dynamic gate. The dynamic gate is according to ITU-R BS.1770-2, -10 LU below the absolute gated loudness. Reclaim Factor The reclaim factor is the difference between the absolute gated loudness and the dynamic gated loudness. It indicates how much you can gain by making sure that your material is always above the dynamic gate. If the material is always above the dynamic gate then the reclaim factor is equal 0 LU (dB relative to I). Dynamic Gated Integrated Loudness (I)* The dynamic gated loudness is a long term measurement (an integration over the entire material) based on the momentary loudness. It uses a dynamic gate at -10 LU under (dB relative to) the absolute gated loudness which means that the measurement is on hold if the momentary loudness gets under the dynamic gate. It is always the last value of the dynamic gate which is used on the material. This means that it is necessary to include or exclude any material from the “past” if the dynamic gate is changing. This means that the dynamic gate is always -10 LU under (dB relative to) the end result of the dynamic gated loudness. True Peak (TP) True peak is an estimation of the maximum peak that the digital signal will result in, in the analogue domain. This value is useful when making sure the digital to analogue converter is not being saturated. LU, LUFS and LKFS LU stands for Loudness Unit and LUFS for Loudness Unit Full Scale. 0 LU is equal to the reference level. The reference level is varying between the different recommendations. (R128, 0 LU eq -23 LUFS). LKFS is the same as LUFS. ITU-R BS.1770-2 are using the terms LKFS. EBU R128 and using LUFS. 0 LUFS/LKFS is equal to 0 dBFs @ 1KHz according to ITU-R BS.1770-2 and EBU R128 (some recommendations may use 400Hz). The block diagram shows a simplification of the loudness algorithm. It starts with the "K" weighting, a mean square calculation and a gain weighting factor for each channel. For L, R and C the gain factor is 0dB, for Ls and Rs it is ~+1.5dB. The LFE channel is not included in the loudness calculation. All the channels are summed thereafter and the loudness value given. DK meter screen showing LUFS and the BBC scale (IIB). DK meter screen showing LUFS and the DIN scale. DK meter screen showing LUFS and the loudness scale (ITU). DK meter screen showing LKFS and the loudness scale (ITU). DK meter screen showing LU and the loudness scale (ITU). DK meter screen showing LUFS and the DMUI scale. The DMUI scale is a true sample peak. DK meter screen showing the graphical representation of the integrated loudness the last 3 minutes on a LUFS scale. 4 User definable lines Select between: Integrated Loudness Sliding Loudness Momentary Loudness Loudness Range True Peak Reclaim Factor Preset Name ...and more Adjustable Loudness Reference: Set at -23dBFs but adjustable from -9dBFs to -24dBFs at 1kHz or 400Hz User-configurable loudness menu { Loudness Bargraph: Select between: Integrated, Sliding or momentary Loudness Selection of Unit Type: LU, LUFS and LKFS DK METER SERIES Graphical Loudness screen 4 User definable lines Select between: Integrated Loudness Sliding Loudness Momentary Loudness Loudness Range True Peak Reclaim Factor Preset Name ...and more Adjustable Loudness Reference: Set at -23dBFs but adjustable from - 9dBFs to -24dBFs at 1kHz or 400Hz User-configurable loudness menu { { Start, Stop & Resume time Graphical histogram of integrated or short-term Loudness - the last 5 minutes Understanding LOUDNESS DK PT0700 SERIES The Explanation... StarFish™ Phase Meter *Subject to operational mode and local requirement.
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L K-filter Mean Square 0dB
0dB
0dB GateMeasuredLoudness
Simplified block diagram of multichannel loudness algorithmITU-R BS.1770-2
10 Log10
+1.5dB
+1.5dB
Mean Square
Mean Square
Mean Square
Mean Square
K-filter
K-filter
K-filter
K-filter
Ls
Rs
C
R ∑
Simple loudness screen
DK meter screen showing LU and theWEB PEAK (WEBP) scale. The WEBPEAK scale is a true peak scaleshowing the true peak value asdescribed in ITU-R BS.1770-2.
Loudness Range (LRA)Loudness range is a statistic calculation of the material’s dynamic range based on theshort term (sliding) loudness (3 secs).
Momentary Loudness (M)Momentary loudness is the sum of the RLB weighted audio channels and integrated over400ms. Momentary loudness is used to calculate short term and integrated loudness.
Short Term Loudness (S) (Sliding)Short term loudness is a 3 seconds integration of the momentary loudness. (10 and 30seconds are also used in some standards/regions).
Absolute Gated Integrated LoudnessThe absolute integrated loudness is a long term measurement (an integration over theentire material) based on the momentary loudness.
It uses an absolute gate at -70LUFS/LKFS (M) which means that if the momentaryloudness is getting under -70LUFS/LKFS then the measurement holds until themomentary loudness goes above.
The absolute loudness is not used directly by the user, but is used to calculate the dynamicgate. The dynamic gate is according to ITU-R BS.1770-2, -10 LU below the absolute gatedloudness.
Reclaim FactorThe reclaim factor is the difference between the absolute gated loudness and the dynamicgated loudness. It indicates how much you can gain by making sure that your materialis always above the dynamic gate. If the material is always above the dynamic gate thenthe reclaim factor is equal 0 LU (dB relative to I).
Dynamic Gated Integrated Loudness (I)*The dynamic gated loudness is a long term measurement (an integration over the entirematerial) based on the momentary loudness.
It uses a dynamic gate at -10 LU under (dB relative to) the absolute gated loudness whichmeans that the measurement is on hold if the momentary loudness gets under thedynamic gate.
It is always the last value of the dynamic gate which is used on the material. This meansthat it is necessary to include or exclude any material from the “past” if the dynamic gateis changing. This means that the dynamic gate is always -10 LU under (dB relative to) theend result of the dynamic gated loudness.
True Peak (TP)True peak is an estimation of the maximum peak that the digital signal will result in, inthe analogue domain. This value is useful when making sure the digital to analogueconverter is not being saturated.
LU, LUFS and LKFSLU stands for Loudness Unit and LUFS for Loudness Unit Full Scale.
0 LU is equal to the reference level. The reference level is varying between the differentrecommendations. (R128, 0 LU eq -23 LUFS).
LKFS is the same as LUFS. ITU-R BS.1770-2 are using the terms LKFS. EBU R128 and usingLUFS.
0 LUFS/LKFS is equal to 0 dBFs @ 1KHz according to ITU-R BS.1770-2 and EBU R128 (somerecommendations may use 400Hz).
The block diagram shows a simplification of the loudness algorithm. It starts with the "K" weighting, a mean square calculation and a gain weighting factor for eachchannel. For L, R and C the gain factor is 0dB, for Ls and Rs it is ~+1.5dB. The LFE channel is not included in the loudness calculation. All the channels are summedthereafter and the loudness value given.
DK meter screen showing LUFS andthe BBC scale (IIB).
DK meter screen showing LUFS andthe DIN scale.
DK meter screen showing LUFS andthe loudness scale (ITU).
DK meter screen showing LKFS andthe loudness scale (ITU).
DK meter screen showing LU and theloudness scale (ITU).
DK meter screen showing LUFS andthe DMUI scale. The DMUI scale is atrue sample peak.
DK meter screen showing thegraphical representation of theintegrated loudness the last 3minutes on a LUFS scale.
4 User definable linesSelect between:Integrated LoudnessSliding LoudnessMomentary LoudnessLoudness RangeTrue PeakReclaim FactorPreset Name...and more
Adjustable Loudness Reference:Set at -23dBFs but adjustable from -9dBFsto -24dBFs at 1kHz or 400Hz
User-configurableloudness menu
{Loudness Bargraph:Select between:Integrated, Sliding ormomentary Loudness
Selection of Unit Type:LU, LUFS and LKFS
DK METER SERIES
Graphical Loudness screen
4 User definable linesSelect between:Integrated LoudnessSliding LoudnessMomentary LoudnessLoudness RangeTrue PeakReclaim FactorPreset Name...and more
Adjustable Loudness Reference:Set at -23dBFs but adjustable from -9dBFs to -24dBFs at 1kHz or 400Hz
User-configurableloudness menu
{
{
Start, Stop &Resume time
Graphical histogram ofintegrated or short-termLoudness - the last 5 minutes
Understanding LOUDNESS
DK PT0700 SERIES
The Explanation...
StarFish™
Phase Meter
*Subject to operational mode and local requirement.
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