UNDERSTANDING DIABETES MADE BY: JONATHAN D’SOUZA MEDICAL WRITER
Jan 21, 2015
UNDERSTANDING DIABETES
MADE BY:
JONATHAN D’SOUZAMEDICAL WRITER
WORLD BURDEN OF DIABETES
GLOBAL DIABETES SCENARIO!!
World’s population: 6,600,000,000
Population with diabetes 246,000,000
Population with HIV/AIDS 33,000,000
8 TIMES the number of people with HIV/AIDS
Projected to increase to 380,000,000 by 2025!
DIABETES IN INDIA
2013
63,000,000Number of Diabetes Patients in India 2013
77,000,000Number of Pre-Diabetics in India 2013
1,000,000Number of Indians Die Every Year Because of Diabetes
India is the new Diabetes Capital of the World ! ! !
DIABETESMore than 63 Million people have been
diagnosed with Diabetes in India. (According to International Diabetes Federation)
Metabolic Syndrome: Risk factors related to obesity
Type I: Pancreas cells produce little or no insulin
Type II: Fat, Liver and muscle cells do not respond to insulin (insulin resistance)
Gestational Diabetes: High blood sugar during pregnancy
WHAT IS PREDIABETES? Pre-diabetes is a condition in which blood
glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes.
It is a metabolic condition and growing global problem that is closely tied to obesity.
A diagnosis of prediabetes is a warning sign about your health
While not everyone diagnosed with prediabetes will develop Type 2 diabetes, many will—and people with prediabetes are at higher risk for heart disease and stroke.
WHAT IS INSULIN RESISTANCE?
Insulin Resistance-
is a condition in which the insulin produced in the body is not utilized efficiently.
DIAGNOSING DIABETES
Less than 100 mg/dLNormal
125 mg/dL to 100 mg/dL
Pre-
Diabetes
126 mg/dL or GreaterDiabetes
Fasting plasma glucose test (FPG) results
WHO IS AT RISK FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES
Type 2 is more common in people who:
Are overweight.
Are 45 or older.
Are physically inactive.
Have a parent or sibling with type 2 diabetes.
Have abnormal cholesterol levels.
Have had gestational diabetes
Have high blood pressure.
COMPLICATIONS
Diabetic Retinopathy-trouble with vision
Nephropathy- kidney problems
Heart Disease Nerve Damage
BLOOD GLUCOSE TARGETS FOR ADULTS
Pre-meal or fasting: 80-120
2 hours post-meal:
80-140
Bedtime: 80-140 or 100-
140
SELF MONITORING OF BLOOD SUGAR
On insulin: Every 6 hours
Not on insulin: Once in the morning and once in the evening
HYPOGLYCEMIC SYMPTOMS
METABOLIC SYNDROME
INTRODUCTION TO SELF-MANAGEMENT
Key elements of diabetes self-management:
Monitoring blood glucose
Taking medication
Following a meal plan
Getting regular exercise
HOW DOES PHYSICAL ACTIVITY HELP YOU?
NOT FEELING LIKE EXERCISING?
TRY
Swimming
Exercise balls or exercise bands
Walking
Stationary bikes
Exercise videos
Yoga
Local Recreation Centers
FINDING EXERCISE BORING?
Vary your routine.
Don’t be afraid to try
something new.
Participate in things
you like to do.
Use music or books on
tape to make the time
pass more quickly.
TIPS FOR SAFE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Check your blood glucose before and after every activity.
Always warm up and cool down.
Wear comfortable footwear.
Drink plenty of water.
DIABETES-HEART DISEASE FACTS
Most adults with diabetes have one ormore cholesterol problems, such as:
high triglycerides
low HDL (“good”) cholesterol
high LDL (“bad”) cholesterol
ABC’S A – A1c, or hemoglobin A1c test.
B – Blood pressure· < 130/80 mmHg for non-pregnant
adults.
C – Cholesterol· HDL (good) cholesterol – >40 mg/dl
(men); >50 mg/dl (women) · LDL (bad) cholesterol – <100 mg/dl · Triglycerides – <150 mg/dl
DIET AND DIABETES
REASONS FOR DIET
Weight control
Blood glucose control
Prevention and management of short-
term and long-term complications of
diabetes
DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DIABETES
Eat more fruit and vegetables
Reduce animal or saturated fat
Cut down on sugar
Reduce salt
BALANCE FOOD CHOICES
EAT MORE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
Fresh
Frozen
Dried
CHOOSE MORE HIGH FIBRE FOODS
To help maintain blood glucose levels and cholesterol levels
Fruit Vegetables Pulses Oats
Helps to maintain a healthy gut
Wholegrain cereals Wholemeal bread Whole-wheat pasta Brown rice
REDUCE ANIMAL OR SATURATED FAT INTAKE
Use low fat milk
Use low fat spread
instead of butter
Use oil high in
unsaturated fat, eg
olive oil, rapeseed
oil
USE LESS FAT IN COOKING
Grill Dry-roast Microwave Steam
CHOOSE THE RIGHT SORT OF FAT
SATURATED
• Full fat dairy produce (eg cheese, butter, full cream milk)
• Pies
• Biscuits
• Savoury snacks
• Lard
• Hard vegetable fat
MONO- UNSATURATED
• Olive oil
• Rapeseed oil
• Groundnut oil
POLY- UNSATURATED
• Sunflower oil (products)
• Oily fish
CUT DOWN ON SUGARY FOODS
Cut out sweets Cut out sugary
drinks Reduce Sugar
intake
REDUCE SALT INTAKE
Cut down on added salt
Use alternative seasonings
Look out for reduced/low sodium foods, eg. bread
Avoid salt substitutes
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Jonathan D’Souza is actively involved in providing scientific
inputs to pharmaceutical clients for the development of
clinically significant scientific content in order to enable a
smooth brand launch. He has been an essential asset who is
actively involved in the planning and management of various
brand launch strategies across pharmaceutical organizations.
In his capacity as a Medical Writer, Jonathan has been
instrumental in successfully launching several
pharmaceutical brands with a specific focus on target
segments. He is presently working as a Medical Writer and
has a keen desire to share his experience, knowledge and
expertise with others.
For any further assistance, kindly contact him on the
following email id: [email protected]
http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Jonathan_Elias_D'Souza