Understanding China Professor WANG Guo-An (Andrew) 王国安 Part-time Chairman, Dept. of International Trade Zhijiang College Zhejiang University of.

Understanding ChinaUnderstanding China

Professor WANG Guo-An (Andrew) 王国安 Part-time Chairman, Dept. of International Trade Zhijiang College Zhejiang University of Technology, www.zjut.edu.cn E-mail: [email protected] Mobile:86-136-0051-6079 http://econet.zjgsu.edu.cn/andrew.wang/index2.

htm

Basic facts about China

History of over 5000 years Nationalities: 56 Population: over 1.3 billion, one-child policy Languages: Mandarin and its dialects, English Religion: freedom of belief Reform and opening-up since 1978

Basic facts about China

Fastest growing economy, annual growth rate about 9.5% since 1978

GDP:US$6.56 trillion in 2010 No. 2 largest trading nation Largest exporter and second largest importer No.2 economic power in 2010 Largest foreign exchange reserves

Major cities and tourist attractions

Beijing, center of politics and education Shanghai: center of international business, shipment and

finance, host of World Expo in 2010 Guangzhou/Canton: southern gate to China, Chinese Import

and Export Fair twice a year Xi’an: ancient capital of China Hangzhou: beautiful gardens and West Lake Guilin: river and mountain Yellow Mountain Chang Jia Jie in Hunan….

HistoryHistory

More than 5000 years. China’s ancient scientific contributions to the

world: four great inventions, namely, compass, printing, gun powder and paper making.

Foreign aggressors have invaded China many times, but never swallowed it.

CultureCulture

The Chinese culture is the dominating culture in East Asia and Confucianism has had great influence in East Asia and southeast Asian countries. For example, the Chinese characters in Japan and Koreas originated in China.

Over 300 Confucius Institutes (www.hanban.edu.cn) all over the world to promote the teaching of the Chinese language and cultures and China study.

Education

Preschool education: from 3 years Elementary school:6 years: compulsory and free Junior high school: 3 years, compulsory and free Senior high school: 3 years Bachelor program:4 years Master program: 2-3 years Ph. D. program:3-5 years Public schools: most of them Private schools: allowed in recent years

Education

Medium of instruction: Mandarin/Chinese National and provincial scholarships available to

international students; for example,11000 national scholarships in 2007

5000 national scholarships to Chinese students or scholars to study abroad every year during 2006-2010

Education

Thousands of Chinese students studying all over the world, most of them supported by their families; 39,921 Chinese students went to USA in 2009; 128,000 Chinese students studying in the USA in 2010, accounting for 18% of the foreign students population in the USA

International students studying in China: 240,000 in 2010; 500,000 in 2020数据显示，从 1978 年到 2010 年底，我国各类出国留学人

员总数达 190.54 万人，共有 63.22 万留学人员学成后选择回国发展。 2010 年回国 13.48 万人。

Reform and opening-up policies since 1978Reform and opening-up policies since 1978

Change from the rule by man into the rule by law Change from the centralized planning economy into

the socialist market economy Special Economic Zones Foreign direct investment in China: the biggest

recipient of FDI among the developing countries for the last 16 years.

China’s FDI overseas amounted to US$$48 billion in 2009 and US$59 billion in 2010.

Objective picture of the present China

Economic growth at the annual rate of about 9.5%, three times as fast as the USA

World’s second largest economy in terms of GDP. Its GDP is expected to surpass USA in 2019; but its GDP per capita is only US$3800 in 2010, only 12% of Japan’s and 10% of USA’s, ranking after 100th in the world.

150 million Chinese live under the poverty line.

Objective picture of the present China

No. 2 trading power and biggest exporter in the world , its trade volume amounted to US$2.207 trillion in 2009. China maintains a large trade surplus with USA, but 60% of its exports to the USA are produced by US companies in China.

Largest manufacturer in the world after USA was the largest for 110 years, but most of the foreign companies’ R &D and marketing centers are in developed countries, such USA, EU and Japan. Chinese workers are paid only a very low salary and are exploited and its environment polluted and natural resources exhausted.

Objective picture of the present China

The economic miracle in China in the last 32 years, but it is made by the world. China is only a small shareholder in the economic miracle, most of the profits have gone to the transnational companies from developed countries. Foreign companies in China have contributed a lot to China’s GDP.

Objective picture of the present China

Largest consumer of natural resources, increasing at the rate of 8.9% in the last 10 years.

Second large financial revenue in the world, but China’s medical expenditure accounts for only 1.2% of its GDP. Most of the farming population have no medical or social insurance.

Objective picture of the present China

Olympic Games hosted in Beijing in 2008. Manned spaceship launched in 2003, 2005 and 2008. Foreign exchange reserves: 2.547 trillion US$ (Aug

2010),No. 1 in the world. World Expo hosted in Shanghai in 2010 Fastest bullet train in the world 2010 Biggest investor overseas among developing

countries US$25 billion during 2003-2009) A peacefully rising power in Asia and in the

world

China’s problemsChina’s problems

The official corruption: About 4,000 corrupt officials fled the country with at least US$50 billion between 1978 and 2003 according to a report by the Ministry of Commerce showed. Many of these officials sent their spouses and children abroad first before transferring their money from China.

China’s problemsChina’s problems

The largest population The Increasing contrast between the rich and the

poor and the sharpening economic differences between the east and the west

The worsening environment

China’s core interests

Taiwan issue Tibetan issue Xinjiang (East Turkistan)

Territory integrity

China’s future

One of the most attractive FDI destinations in the world

Change from MADE in China into INVENTED or DESIGNED in China

Change into the rule by law More prosperous, democratic, harmonious, just, fair

and clean

Any questions?

Thank you for your attention.

Full-time Professor Guo An (Andrew) Wang

Dept. of International Trade

Zhejiang Gongshang University, www.zjgsu.edu.cn

E-mail ： [email protected]

Mobile:86-136-0051-6079

http://econet.zjgsu.edu.cn/andrew.wang/index2.htm