Undersea Weaponry 1 1 Presenter: Dr. Kam Ng Deputy Director of Research Office of Naval Research Undersea Weaponry NNR Presented to the National Academy of Sciences 5 May 2010 Program Officers: Ray Soukup-- G&C Dr. Ng/Dr. Hassan--MSDO Dan Tam--Warheads Dr. Teresa McMullen—CW & CM Dr. Kam Ng--Supercav Maria Medeiros—P&E, ULI
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Undersea Weaponry 11
Presenter:Dr. Kam Ng
Deputy Director of ResearchOffice of Naval Research
Undersea Weaponry NNR
Presented to the National Academy of Sciences 5 May 2010
Program Officers:Ray Soukup-- G&CDr. Ng/Dr. Hassan--MSDODan Tam--WarheadsDr. Teresa McMullen—CW & CMDr. Kam Ng--SupercavMaria Medeiros—P&E, ULI
Undersea Weaponry 2
Vision & ChallengesD&I Vision:
• Sensors, signal processing, and tactical improvements to address countered engagements in challenging acoustic environments
• Reliable, stealthy, and wakeless propulsion systems
• Compact energy dense sources, with low turn-around costs, for long endurance missions
• High-speed supercavitating weapons with a capable search, detection/classification/localization, and homing capability
• Rapid reaction approach to mitigate incoming weapons
• Improvements in pre and post-launch weapon connectivity with launch platform and other weapons
• High energy insensitive explosive compliant warheads to increase torpedo lethality
• Affordability of undersea weaponry technologies applied to tactical vehicle systems and sub-systems
Provide affordable technologies that enable control of the undersea battlespace by increasing weapon effectiveness against evolving threats
S&T Challenges:
Undersea Weaponry 3
Time Phased Investment Strategy How Undersea Weapons S&T Coordinates with Acquisition
Future USW
06Prior Years 07 08 09 10 11 2012 -
2030
Weapons & CMs Modernization (APB and Technology Insertion)
Present . . . 5 Years . . . 25 Years . . .
National Naval Responsibility (NNR) D&I Investment (6.1/6.2)
Multidisciplinary Systems Design & Optimization (MSDO)
Undersea Weaponry 7
Research Approach:• Investigate and develop new fuels, oxidizers, and
reactive materials to increase the energy release capacity of warhead constituents
• Develop the diagnostic capabilities to enable accurate determination of time/temperature for hydroreactive energy release
• Investigate and develop warhead configuration and initiation concepts to increase warhead performance and target damage effects, such as detonation merging, directed blast, and reactive components
• Investigate the potential mechanisms available for reducing the sensitivity of explosives used in undersea warhead configurations
• Develop physics based coupled Euler/Lagrange end-to- end modeling capability with increased computational speed without sacrificing fidelity
• Rapid Underwater Threat Sensing• Develop Sensors, algorithms to detect, classify, and track the
threat with adequate accuracy and speed• High speed weapon signature• Non-acoustic sensing (LIDAR, magnetic)
USW Counterweapons/Countermeasures
•Acoustic•Homer
Undersea Weaponry 11
Supercavitating WeaponsObjectives:• Understand physics of supercavitating flows • Develop vehicle control & guidance methodology
for maneuvering & homing• Design & build a test vehicle to evaluate candidate
control & homing concepts
Major Challenges:• Vehicle Guidance & Homing
– Acoustic approach - sensor self noise & data rate
– Signal processing techniques– Waveform design– Auto pilot & command
• Vehicle Control & Maneuvering– Supercavitating bubble (cavity) instability– Vehicle control, planing & tail slap– Interaction between cavity & propulsion
exhaust– Propulsion transient & startup
Research Outcomes:• Understanding of supercavitation physics • Vehicle control • Homing sensor• Quick-Reaction weaponry• Supercavitation & vehicle control technology to
support DARPA’s Underwater Express Program
Research Approach:• Hydrodynamic & Control - Cavity Control & Control
Surfaces• Vehicle Guidance - Guidance Law & Homing
Sensors• Propulsion
Propulsion & Ventilation Systems
CavitatorCavitating Control Fins
Ventilation
Guidance
Warhead
Undersea Weaponry 12
• Increase the number of engineers and scientists in Navy laboratories developing undersea weapon and vehicle technology
• Contribute to the revitalization of the laboratories
• Build connections between laboratories and academia
• Technology Areas: Guidance and Control,Weapon and Vehicle Energy Conversion, Hydrodynamics, Warheads, Underwater Vehicle Technologies (corrosion/anti-fouling, gas-n-go concepts, hybrids)
• Each project includes the student (US Citizen), academic advisor and Navy laboratory mentor
• Students work at mentor’s laboratory during summer (min 10 weeks)
• Board of Visitors reviews projects at annual review
Participants21 students
ARL/PSUBrownBUNUWCNSWCMITMSUPenn StateRPI
StevensVA Tech UCONNUIUCUniv. MDUMASSURIWPIWright State
University Laboratory Initiative (ULI) Program
Objectives Approach
Attendees at the 2007 ULI Review- NUWC Keyport Division
Educational Partnership Agreements (EPAs)• Brown Univ• Stevens Institute• WPI• UConn• UMASS- Dartmouth• MIT• Michigan State Univ• Wright State University
MOA:• NUWC and UMASS-Dartmouth
Undersea Weaponry 14
Ms. Elizabeth LennonDr. Ron BesserDr. A. Burke
Mr. John IzzoDr. Wilson ChiuDr. Louis Carreiro
Research Approach:• Characterize VI behaviors of micro-plasmas to determine device efficiencies under various geometries & settings. • Design next generation flow-thru micro-plasma• Assess H2 generation from C2H2 micro-plasma chips- to measure conversion, yield, selectivity, & process efficiencies
Objectives:• Understand behavior of air-independent fuel cells• Effect of a reacted H2O2 stream on cell performance• Development of SOFC system model and experimental setup for validation
Research Approach:• Develop model to predict SOFC performance• Validate model via cathode polarization tests• Characterize H2O2 to identify impurities • Determine extent of LSM cathode degradation • Couple fuel cell with H2O2 microchemical reactor and optimize cathode for the oxidant feed stream
Power and EnergyMicroplasma Reforming of Acetylene
for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) Aboard UUVs
Objectives:• Determine if microplasma reforming of acetylene
(C2 H2 ) is a viable fuel processing option for H2 delivery to UUV SOFC
• Determine under what conditions microplasma reforming of acetylene (C2 H2 ) offers best fuel processing option for H2 delivery to UUV SOFC considering full energy cycle
• Compare microplasma fuel reforming for UUVs to existing reforming technologies
Fuel Cell Performance using Hydrogen Peroxide Reformate as the Oxidant
e-
AnodeElectrolyteCathode
xLLModeling
Domain
Ext
erna
l Loa
d
e-
Undersea Weaponry 15
Mr. John CostaDr. Vijaya ChalivendraMr. Thomas Ramotowski
Ms. Nicole Mackey, Dr. J Paige Phillips, Dr. James Wynne
Research Approach:• Functionalize BN nano-particles using saline coupling agents• Verify functionalized BN nano-particles using chemical analysis tools• Fabricate nanocomposites using controlled process for better dispersion of BN particles in the polyurethane matrix• Prepare test samples for measurement of thermal conductivity and acoustic property measurements
Objectives:Develop an optically transparent, vibration dampeningand self-polishing coating capable of resisting marine fouling:
>1 year life-cycle optically transparent in desired windowpossess vibrational dampening propertiescontrolled rate of hydrolysis leading to self-polishing surface
Research Approach:• Design/synthesize a series of OH-functionalized active system components having a range of MWs and chemical structures• Prepare polyurethane networks containing active system components via reaction with a base isocyante resin• Prepare multi-functional coatings using active agents in combinations and fine-tune formulations to maintain desired coating mechanical properties, optical characteristics, and maximize vibrational damping
Corrosion and Anti-fouling CoatingsHigh Thermal Conductivity
Nanocomposite Encapsulants
Objectives:• Fabricate high-quality boron nitride (BN) and polyurethane
(PU) nanocomposites for torpedo nose arrays and high power/duty cycle acoustic sources
• Obtain PU/BN composite thermal conductivity value of 2.0W/mK, approximately that of piezo-ceramics, and
an order of magnitude above PU itself• Use low particulate loadings (ca. < 5% by weight) to
preserve desirable PU acoustic properties
New Coating Concepts for Corrosion and Anti-Fouling Protection of UUVs
BN microparticles in PU10 microns
Undersea Weaponry 16
Enhanced Blast Underwater Explosives
Energetic Projects
Objectives and Approach:• Apply advanced diagnostics at NSWC-IH & UIUC to probe metallized underwater explosions• Investigate innovative strategies to promote metal water reactions • Develop and test novel casing designs that transport reactive case metals outside the main HE bubble.• Investigate reactive metal casings with indentations designed to create jetting of material to 1) react with ambient water, increasing blast yield, and 2) enhance bubble size and thus violence upon collapse
Real Time Determination of Lattice Deformation Due to Shock Wave Compression
Objectives and Approach:• Design a self-contained powder gun system that is capable of launching a Cu flyer plate at velocities up to 1.7 km/s to induce shock waves in selected targets.• Perform real time x-ray diffraction (XRD) during short (ns) intervals using synchrotron radiation to determine the shock wave induced lattice deformations in inert (LiF) and explosive (RDX) crystalline materials. • Assembled new multi dimension camera stand to be remotely operated providing positional control of camera relative to diffracted synchrotron beam.• Use LabVIEW programs to determine the impact obliquity of the projectile, and control the stepper motors used to position the powder gun and streak camera
Characterization of Ignition Behavior of Organic-Inorganic
Composites
Objectives and Approach:• Investigate ignition characteristics of specific organic and inorganic energetic materials to answer the following:• How do nano thermites initiate• What is the mechanism of combustion propagation• How can traditional organic systems be integrated into the nanothermites and what are the characteristics of combustion• Developed a time resolved mass spectrometer capable of a time resolution of as small ~ 60 us, with heating rates of ~106 K/sec• The method enables the first ever time resolved measurement of a thermite type energetic material
Mr. Lance KingstonDrs. Krier and GlumacDr. Joel Carney
Mr. Patrick SnowDr. Gwo-Ching Wang Dr. Ray Gamache
Mr. Nicholas PiekielDr. Michael Zachariah Dr. Jason Jouet
Undersea Weaponry 17
Program Status:
9 MS and 12 Ph.D. students
Recent Hires:
4 ULI graduates accepted positions at NUWC
1 ULI graduate accepted a position at ARL/PSU
2 US Navy Patent Applications submitted
9 Referred Journal Publications
15 Conference Proceeding Publications
19 Conference Presentations
10 Invited Presentations
9 Educational Partnership Agreements (EPAs)
1 MOA
21 Navy Lab/Academia collaborations
ULI Accomplishments
Undersea Weaponry 18
ULI Program ImpactULI Program supports several 6.1 Core Technologies including:
- Guidance and Control- Power and Energy- Energetics- MSDO and Supercavitating Vehicles- Corrosion and Anti-fouling Coatings
Addresses the following Naval S&T Technology Areas:- Power and Energy - Undersea Weaponry
Naval Impacts/Outcomes:- Increase S&E at Navy Labs conducting S&T research in undersea weapon/vehicle technologies- Increase Navy Labs and academia collaborations- Increase basic understanding/principles of electrochemistry, new coating materials, understand properties/characteristics of energetic materials, controlalgorithms, low-cost single crystal sensor approaches, to further develop these technological tools to support programs at 6.2, INP, FNC level- Support ONR’s National Naval Responsibility for Undersea Weaponry
Undersea Weaponry 19
Collaborations & Partnerships
Germany – Project Agreements:
1) Enhanced Undersea Weapons Effectiveness & Ship Survivability through the Application of Validated Computer Codes;
2) Vulnerability of Torpedoes to Underwater Explosions
Singapore – DEA: Underwater Explosion Technology
NATO Research & Technology Organization:
1) AVT-119 (Task Group in Health Monitoring of Munitions);
2) AVT-093 (Task Group in Integration of Tools & Processes for Affordable Vehicles/Weapons)
3) AVT-173 (Task Group in Virtual Prototyping of Affordable Military Vehicles Using Advanced MDO)
Navy Enterprise for M&S to support ship shock testing
Bureau of Reclamation (Dept of Interior): DYSMAS
Army Engineering Research & Development Center: DYSMAS
Transition S&T products to PMS-404 Torpedo Program Office and PMS 403 UUV Program Office is a challenge
Employment of ULI graduate students—lack of Navy Labs billets
Undersea Weaponry 21
Executive Summary
S&T Quality
Transitioned Supercavitation S&T to DARPA’s Underwater Express Vehicle
Successfully demonstrated a novel warhead configuration and explosive chain to produce robust warhead lethality
Naval Impact
Transitioned 112-element Torpedo Sonar Array to PMS 404 Torpedo Program Office
Developed a new class of algorithms that enables groups of mobile acoustic countermeasures to collaborate for localization and tracking of an acoustic homing torpedo target
Program Plan
Well integrated Undersea Weaponry S&T and transitioned technology products to Program Executive Offices on time
Fully coordinated and leveraged with other D&I (internal & external)
Mission-driven and science relevant with excellent transition record
Quality people are making it work
Undersea Weaponry 22
Backup Slides
Undersea Weaponry 23
Key Performance ParametersOffense - Probability of KillDefense - Ship Survivability
Assured joint force access to the battle-space will be enabled by increased mobility and survivability, modular payloads, off-board systems and reduced
sized weapons to deliver extended range, scalable & lethal effects at reduced cost
Assured joint force access to the battle-space will be enabled by increased mobility and survivability, modular payloads, off-board systems and reduced
sized weapons to deliver extended range, scalable & lethal effects at reduced cost