Underage Drinking in Michigan Hannah Jary, MPH CDC/CSTE Applied Epidemiology Fellow- Alcohol Michigan Department of Community Health Underage Drinking Prevention Plan Workgroup Meeting January 22, 2015
Underage Drinking in Michigan
Hannah Jary, MPHCDC/CSTE Applied Epidemiology Fellow- Alcohol
Michigan Department of Community Health
Underage Drinking Prevention Plan Workgroup Meeting
January 22, 2015
MDCH Alcohol EpidemiologyProgram
• Our Mission:– To strengthen the scientific foundation for
preventing excessive alcohol consumption.
• Our Goals:– Improve public health surveillance– Translate applied public health research– Support public health activities to prevent
excessive drinking
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Population Level Strategies to Reduce & Prevent Excessive Alcohol Use
Motor Vehicle Crashes
Violent CrimeAssaultsHomicideSuicide
Domestic Violence
Alcohol Poisonings
Injuries
STIsUnplanned
Pregnancies
Overconsumption
Binge Drinking
Underage Drinking
Price
Retailer Serving
Practices
Days of Sale
Hours of Sale
Location & Density of Retailers
Factors that Affect
Drinking
Outcomes
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5
Any Drinking in the Past 30 Days
2011 2012 20130
10
20
30
40
Age 18-20High School
Percen
t
Age 18-20 Source: MiBRFSS, High School Source: MI YRBS
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Binge Drinking in the Past 30 Days
2011 2012 20130
5
10
15
20
25
Age 18-20High School
Percen
t
Age 18-20 Source: MiBRFSS, High School Source: MI YRBS
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Usual Source of Alcohol, Past 30 days
05
101520253035404550
Nonbinge DrinkerBinge Drinker
Percen
t
Source: Michigan Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2013
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Substance Use Patterns, 2013
Nondrinker Nonbinge drinker Binge drinker0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
93.5
69.2
39.0
5.4
27.3
47.3
0.9 1.4 2.4
0.3 2.111.3
No marijuana or illicit drugs Marijuana only Illicit drugs onlyMarijuana and illicit drugs
Percen
t
Source: Michigan Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2013
Frequency of Consumption, past 30 days
1-2 days 3-5 days 6-9 days 10+ days0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80Non-binge drinkerBinge Drinker
Percen
t
Source: Youth Tobacco Survey, 201110
Largest number of drinks consumed, past 30 days, by sex
1-3 drinks 4-5 drinks 6-9 drinks 10+ drinks0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70FemaleMale
Percen
t
Source: Youth Tobacco Survey, 201111
Usual Alcohol Type Consumed, by sex
Liquor Beer FABs No Usual Type
Wine Other Type
Cordials0
10
20
30
40
50
60FemaleMale
Per
cen
t
12Source: Youth Tobacco Survey, 2011
Usual Alcohol Type Consumed, by grade
9th 10th 11th 12th0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80LiquorBeerFABs
Grade
Per
cen
t
Source: Youth Tobacco Survey, 201113
Usual Liquor Type Consumed, by sex
Vodka Rum Whiskey No usual type
Other type Tequila Cordials0
10
20
30
40
50
60FemaleMale
Per
cen
t
Source: Youth Tobacco Survey, 201114
Prevalence of Mixing Energy Drinks & Alcohol
Source: Youth Tobacco Survey, 201115
Non-binge drinkers Binge drinkers0
10
20
30
40
50
60
20.1
52.2
Percen
t
Conclusions
• Liquor dominates youth preferences– Vodka most popular liquor type– Other usual alcohol types:
• Beer (males) • Flavored alcoholic beverages (females)
• A large proportion of binge drinkers report hazardous drinking behaviors– Drinking more often– Mixing energy drinks & alcohol
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Liquor License Availability
Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/lara/0,4601,7-154-35299_10570_12905---,00.html19
Liquor License Lists
Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/lara/0,4601,7-154-35299_10570_12905---,00.html21
Liquor License Considerations• Potential for geospatial
analysis
• Updated frequently
• Types of licenses– Incomplete
• Bars vs. restaurants• Special or temporary
• Violation history available
• Establish partnerships with retailers
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Binge Drinking by High School Students and Adults Closely Related
28Source: Nelson, DE et al. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2009.
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Alcohol Policy Impacts Youth
Source: Paschall, MJ, et al. Effects of the local alcohol environment on adolescents’ drinking behaviors and beliefs. Addiction, 109 (2013) 407-416.
Adolescent DrinkingLocal Alcohol Environment
Alcohol-Related Beliefs
Population Level Strategies to Reduce & Prevent Excessive Alcohol Use
Increase Alcohol Excise
Taxes
Commercial Host Liability
Maintaining Limits on Days
of Sale
Maintaining Limits on
Hours of Sale
Regulating Alcohol Outlet
Density
Motor Vehicle Crashes
Violent CrimeAssaultsHomicideSuicide
Domestic Violence
Alcohol Poisonings
Injuries
STIsUnplanned
Pregnancies
Overconsumption
Binge Drinking
Underage Drinking
Price
Retailer Serving
Practices
Days of Sale
Hours of Sale
Location & Density of Retailers
Environmental Strategies Factors that
Affect Drinking
Outcomes
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Reframing Intervention Impact
Health Behavior Education, Social Norming
Frieden, TR. A Framework for Public Health Action: The Health Impact Pyramid. Am J Public Health 2010; 100(4):590-5.
Dram shop liability,
Limiting hours & days of sale,
.08 BAC Laws
Excise taxes
SBIRT, Naltrexone
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The Community Guide Recommendations
• Enhanced Enforcement of Laws Prohibiting Sales to Minors
• Regulation of Alcohol Outlet Density • Commercial Host Liability • Increasing Alcohol Taxes • Electronic Screening and Brief
Intervention (e-SBI) • Maintaining Limits on Days of Sale • Maintaining Limits on Hours of Sale
Source: The Community Guide, Preventing Excessive Alcohol Consumption
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Enhanced Enforcement of Laws Prohibiting Sales to Minors
• Retailer compliance checks/ “sting operations”– 42% decrease in sales to decoys
• Effective in:– Bars and liquor stores– Rural and urban communities– Different ethnic and socioeconomic groups
• Part of multicomponent, community-based efforts
Source: The Community Guide, Preventing Excessive Alcohol Consumption
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Regulation of Alcohol Outlet Density
• Applying regulatory authority to reduce density of alcohol outlets
• Increased alcohol outlet density resulted in:– Increased excessive alcohol consumption – Increased related harms
• For a typical census tract in LA with 5 off-premise outlets, closing 1 outlet was associated with 42 fewer gonorrhea cases per 100,0001
1
Cohen, DA, et al. Alcohol outlets, gonorrhea, and the Los Angeles civil unrest: A longitudinal analysis. Social Science & Medicine 62 (2006) 3062–3071.
Prevention Status Report- Density
36Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/psr/alcohol/2013/MI-alcohol.pdf
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Commercial Host Liability
• Owner/server held legally responsible for harms inflicted by an intoxicated or underage customer– E.g. Death, injury, damage from alcohol-
related car crash– MI does not have any major limitations
• All-cause motor vehicle fatalities among underage drinkers was reduced between 2.2% and 13.0%
Source: The Community Guide, Preventing Excessive Alcohol Consumption
Increasing Alcohol Taxes
• Increase the price of alcohol – Reduce harms, raise revenue, or both– 10% increase in price of beer would decrease
beer consumption by about 5%
• Based on volume sold – MI beer tax since 1966 = $0.20/gallon
• Would be $1.32/gallon if kept up with inflation
• Among adolescents– Younger drinkers more price sensitive than older– Heavier drinkers more price sensitive than light
39Source: Xu X, Chaloupka FJ. The effects of prices on alcohol use and its consequences. Alcohol Research and Health. 34(2).
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Increasing Alcohol Taxes- Example
• Illinois alcohol excise tax increase, 2009– Beer increased $0.046/gal ($0.185 $0.231)– Wine increased $0.66/gal ($0.730$1.39) – Spirits increased $4.05/gal ($4.50$8.55)
• Net effect, among ages 15-19:– Gonorrhea rates decreased 14% for whites
and 26% for blacks– Chlamydia rates decreased 6% for whites
and 7% for blacks
Source: Jernigan DH. Social and health effects of changes in alcohol prices: findings of a research collaborative. The Center of Alcohol Marketing and Youth.
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Screening and Brief Intervention
• Screening: Assess patient drinking patterns• Brief Intervention: Personalized feedback
about risks, referral if necessary
• E-SBI uses electronic devices to deliver the SBI
• Studies showed decreases in all types of alcohol consumption after using e-SBI
Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention Resource for Youth
43Source: Alcohol screening and brief intervention for youth: a practitioner’s guide. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
Maintaining Limits on Days and Hours of Sale
• Removing limits on days of sale:– Increases in consumption– Increases in motor vehicle-related harm
• Increasing hours of sale by 2+ hours:– Increases in vehicle crashes injuries– Increases in ED admissions– Increased alcohol-related assault & injury
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Conclusions
• Underage drinking in is prevalent in Michigan
• Underage drinking is related to adult drinking and the alcohol environment
• Evidence-based policies and interventions can be implemented on a variety of levels to prevent underage drinking and related harms
Contact Information
Hannah Jary, MPH
517-373-7048
Michigan.gov/substanceabuseepi
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