UNDANG - UNDANG BERKAITAN KES KEKERASAN
UNDANG-UNDANG
BERKAITAN KES KEKERASAN
DEFINISI
Kesalahan Jenayah
Kesalahan Sivil
UNDANG-UNDANG
JENAYAH VS SIVIL
Kriteria Jenayah Sivil
Tindakan
diambil oleh
Timbalan Pendakwa
Raya (TPR)
Plaintif(mangsa)
atau diwakili oleh
peguam
pensendirian yang
dilantik oleh plaintif.
Undang-
undang
Kanun Keseksaan [Akta
574]
Undang-undang
Sivil 1956 [Akta 67]
Implikasi Hukuman dalam
bentuk penjara atau
denda atau kedua-
duanya sekali kepada
pelaku.
Sebatan (kesalahan
tertentu)
Tuntutan dalam
bentuk pampasan/
Ganti rugi
UNDANG-UNDANG YANG BERKAITAN
DENGAN KEKERASAN
1. Undang-undang berkaitan kes jenayah
Kanun Keseksaan [Akta 574]
Seksyen189,298,298(A)
323,324,333,336,337,338,353,354,509
2. Undang-undang berkaitan kes sivil
Undang-undang Sivil 1956 [Akta 67]
Defamation Act 1957 [Akta 286]
UNDANG-UNDANG LAIN
1. Akta Komunikasi & Multimedia 1998
Seksyen 211, 233
2. Akta Keselamatan & Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994
3. Akta Perlindungan Saksi 2009
4. Public Authorities Protection Act 1948
Laporan Polis
Siasatan dijalankan.
Contoh proses terlibat ialah rakaman percakapan
mangsa – tarikh, masa, lokasi, bagaimana, pihak-
pihak terlibat, saksi, pengumpulan bukti
Polis merujuk kertas siasatan kepada TPR
untuk arahan pertuduhan.
Keterangan
(bukti)
mencukupi
Proses perbicaraan di
mahkamah
Tiada
pertuduhan
Keterangan
(bukti) tidak
mencukupi
KESALAHAN
JENAYAH
+/- Laporan Polis
Tindakan dimulakan oleh plaintif(mangsa) itu sendiri
atau diwakili oleh peguam yang dilantik sendiri
Perbicaraan di mahkamah
TUNTUTAN SIVIL
Government Proceeding Act (Act 359) – seksyen 5 & 6. Untukkes-kes tuntutan sivil yang melibatkan penjawat awam tidakakan diwakili oleh peguam kerajaan.
Limitation of representation in
civil proceedings
Federal Counsel shall not have a dutyin any civil proceeding to representand defend any officer in his personalcapacity; for e.g an officer may wishto sue for defamation, he has toappoint lawyer to represent him incourt
Any compensation if awarded by thecourt shall be retained by the officer
Contoh-contoh
Kesalahan Jenayah
Threat of injury to a public servant
s.189. Whoever holds out any threat of injuryto any public servant, or to any person inwhom he believes that public servant to beinterested, for the purpose of inducing thatpublic servant to do any act, or to forbear ordelay to do any act, connected with theexercise of the public functions of such publicservant, shall be punished with imprisonmentfor a term which may extend to two years orwith fine or with both
Punishment for voluntarily
causing hurt
s.323. Whoever, except in the case provided
for by section 334, voluntarily causes hurt, shall
be punished with imprisonment for a term
which may extend to one year or with fine
which may extend to two thousand ringgit or
with both.
Assault
s.351. Whoever makes any gesture or anypreparation, intending or knowing it to be likelythat such gesture or preparation will cause anyperson present to apprehend that he who makesthat gesture or preparation is about to usecriminal force to that person, is said to commit anassault.
Explanation—Mere words do not amount to anassault. But the words which a person uses maygive to his gestures or preparation such ameaning as may make those gestures orpreparations amount to an assault.
Using criminal force to deter a public
servant from discharge of his duty
s353. Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to
any person being a public servant in the
execution of his duty as such public servant, or
with intent to prevent or deter that person from
discharging his duty as such public servant, or in
consequence of anything done or attempted to
be done by such person in the lawful discharge of
his duty as such public servant, shall be punished
with imprisonment for a term which may extend to
two years or with fine or with both.
Assault or use of criminal force to a
person with intent to outrage modesty
s354. Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to
any person, intending to outrage or knowing it to
be likely that he will thereby outrage the modesty
of that person, shall be punished with
imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten
years or with fine or with whipping or with any two
of such punishments.
Defamation
s.499. Whoever, by words either spoken or
intended to be read or by signs, or by visible
representations, makes or publishes any
imputation concerning any person, intending to
harm, or knowing or having reason to believe that
such imputation will harm the reputation and shall
also be liable to fine of such person, is said,
except in the cases hereinafter excepted, to
defame that person.
Tuntutan Sivil
1. Assault and battery
Assault - Any intentional act that is meant
to cause reasonable apprehension of
imminent and harmful contact.
Battery – intentional and harmful or
offensive contact with another person
(victim)
2. Defamation – a statement made that
damages or injured the reputation of
another person in the eyes of the public.
Elements to be proved:
There must be a statement that is
defamatory
The statement must refer to/identify the
claimant (person being defamed)
The statement must be published to a 3rd
party other than person being defamed
CONTOH KES
Laporan kes menghalang
penjawat awam
PERANAN PENASIHAT
UNDANG-UNDANG
DALAM MELINDUNGI
KAKITANGAN KKM
TANGGUNGJAWAB PUUAttorney General
145(2) It shall be the duty of the Attorney General to advise the
Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the Cabinet or any Minister upon suchlegal matters, and to perform such other duties of a legal
character, as may from time to time be referred or assigned to
him by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the Cabinet, and to
discharge the functions conferred on him by or under thisConstitution or any other written law.
(3) The Attorney General shall have power, exercisable at his
discretion, to institute, conduct or discontinue any proceedings
for an offence, other than proceedings before a Syariah court, a
native court or a court-martial.
Fungsi Penasihat Undang-Undang adalah untukmemberikan nasihat perundangan kepadaKementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (KKM) danjuga Kerajaan bagi memastikan kepentinganKerajaan terjamin. Pejabat PUU dianggotai olehPeguam Kanan Persekutuan dan PeguamPersekutuan yang bertanggungjawab untukmelaksanakan tugas-tugas bagi pihak KKM danjuga Kerajaan.
Oleh itu, PUU tidak boleh mewakili kakitanganKKM dalam prosiding jenayah di mahkamahmahupun prosiding sivil melainkan tindakanjenayah atau sivil itu melibatkan KERAJAANMALAYSIA.
Kakitangan KKM yang berhadapan dengan tindakan
jenayah atau sivil boleh mendapatkan bantuan
guaman di bawah Peraturan 22, Bab D Peraturan-
Peraturan Pegawai Awam (Kelakuan Dan Tatatertib)
1993 (‘Peraturan 22’).
Peraturan 22 memperuntukkan bahawa seseorang
pegawai awam yang berkehendakkan bantuan
guaman untuk mengambil dan mengarah seseorang
peguam bela bagi maksud prosiding undang-undang
berkaitan dengan perkara-perkara berbangkit
daripada tugas awamnya boleh membuat
permohonan kepada Ketua Setiausaha Kementerian.
Prosedur:
1. Membuat permohonan (lampirkan fakta dan dokumen
berkaitan, pendapat Ketua Jabatan yang telah
mempertimbangkan tentang penglibatan Penama.
2.Permohonan dialamatkan dan dikemukakan kepada
Ketua Setiausaha Kementerian.
3. Akuan Berkanun yang menyatakan tentang persetujuan
untuk mematuhi terma syarat dan tiada bayaran
berkenaan dengan bantuan guaman yang telah diluluskan
oleh Kerajaan akan diberikan sekiranya Mahkamah telah
memberikan kos setelah selesai prosiding undang-undang,
melainkan jika kos yang diawardkan oleh Mahkamahadalah tidak mencukupi untuk membayar caj-caj
mengambil dan mengupah peguam bela dan peguam
cara.
PERHATIAN
Kelulusan permohonan bantuan
guaman di bawah Peraturan 22
oleh Ketua Setiausaha
Kementerian adalah tertakluk
kepada nasihat daripada
Peguam Negara. Ia bukanlah
suatu hak mutlak .
Sekian, terima kasih