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11II1 f l l--. MEMORANDUM REPORT NO. 1518

"-21 APRIL 1964

.71443102i"n,a AV

PEAK OVERPRESSURE VS SCALED DISTANCE

FOR TNT SURFACE BURSTS(HEMISPHERICAL CHARGES)

C. N. KIngeryB. F. Pannill

till•••••,l

RDr & E Project No. 1MOO.5O •!.O•-•5W

"BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATS'I"ES

ABEn:R:DEN PROVING RRO1ND. MARYL AND'

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edo"00

(~r~1~lMWORM~UM RE~PORT NO. 1518

APRIL 1964

PE~AK OVERPRESSURE VS SdALED DISTANCE!FOR TN~T SURFACE' BU1STS

(HFaMSPHER.ICAL CIMA1OES)

C. N. KingeryB. F. Pannill

Terminal Ballia±tice Ltabora~tory

Program wau o.uppor'ted in pr~rt bythe Derenvo Atomic Support Agcr,,ny; WEB NO. 02.0b)1

Reproduced FroMBfest Available Copy

RDTI & E Project No. IM010501A006

A i~:~~ N I' :l.N I IH OVILN G G R 0U N D, M A R Y1,AN 1)

B3A L LIS T IC RE SE A RC H L A B 0RA T 0H I N

MEMORANDUM REPORT NO. 1.5,03

CNKingary/I 31II'lnni ii!pnr1Aberdeen. Proving Ground, Md.April 1964

PEAK CV! .PRES39RE~ VS3 SCALED DIS1TANCEFOR~ TNT SURFACE 13UIR"M

(HEM¶ISPHERnICAL CHtARGES~)

AMSTRACT

This report containa a preaentation of' peak overprearlu~re verouui .:;cati

dioutance va~lues derived from emnpiLrical mcar~urcmanti:no by Ctuinda, 1.hr,

United, Kingdom axid the United 3tateo. The can ~muflmwti3 wcrt made, on )

a~nd 100 ton. TNT t3urface burote. Thc chargetit wt.rv hemiop~heric~al in :iluyt wid

the 1nrvtrumentation included overprcuoiure veri',i LIMV Fggr?: rI.d. Ulc 110UtAO-

optical Lihock front velocity technique for detti-rminin&g ptlLk ovtrp~rc~u~rt-.

0 0y

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT .................... ......... ................... .

OBJECTIVES . .

BACKGROUND . . . .

RESULTS. ....... . . . . . . . . . . .

SCALING. ... . .... . . . . . . . . .

COMPARISONS ..... . .......... I.0

1WREKE S ...

-- 0

0

0BJECTrVES

The primary objective of this report is to present a compilation of'

overpressure measurements obtained from a aeries of TNT detonationo. For

maMy years there has been a need for a reliable aurface burnt peak ovcrpr••,3urc'

versus distance curve extending from 2000 psi to .01 psi. Curves presenting

overpressure versus radial distance (measured and theoretical) have been

available for many years for spherical charges detonated in free air. ThI i

is not true however, for curface burst overpreosu-re curvez which In generalrn

have been over a limited range of overpressure. and ha•ed on either ,nial.l

charges or charges fired utdor variouu environmental conditionn, making

reliable scaling difficult. It ic the objective of thin report to combij,"

measurements made by Canadian, United Kingdom and United Statet cn.Ltint

into one report which might be used as a s tandard for TNT nurJace burotlt.

BACKGROUND

Tho Sufrield Experimental Station (0003) working under tch guLdzhtct oul

the Defense Research Board of Canada begnn a oeriezz or ['Lhld txprtintmto

relating to blast an& shock using yleldn of 5 tons of' TmpN In 1959. phe U. t2.

was invited to participate in one of the trialti in J),ptemhr ib9. W'

accepted this invitation, and sent a blast tcaunz from the B3"Jliý:slc ,.rienroh

Laboratories (BRL) to Gntablish a blast line and to mnanure the overpreorurt.

versus time at selected Airtances from ground zero. The preiminlrary reunl tL:

were reported in a technical paper publirbed by 01+,` wlth it very lUn Lt4,!d

distribution('l). The results obtained by the Canadian teum were reported Ln

SuTield Technical Ppnr No. 0 along with renult:n of Vour other 5 ton

shoto. The Car.adian results were prJrnarily peak overprenuiure vwlueo obtixvn'dti

from 5. photo-optical technique.

In 1960 a 20 ton TNT test was conducted at SES i,_n,.L.. Lvh! U. 2.

nponoored several projecto. One of the major projuetti fruoi thW U. !!., IL

the measurement of overpressure versun diotance by BP'. Tih United Kingdom

(UY,) also participated with several eprojecto, one of which won at,,zo U)

measure overpre,::uru versun distance. A Tripartite blaut line wan

establithed and the three countrie•i placed variouýi pr.: uuru tLrf•!f zzur!,

at zi;mLlar diotaneeu along, thb- bl.u t int',v or cumpart:!con. "h": rrzu lt:,

Reproduced 'rFo'

Best Available CoPY

from the tripartita blast line were published in Suffield Report No. 203J3.

• A third test in which the BRL participated wan the 1961 Canadian .1 Oo

t triLl. Ucre again Canada, the U. K. and the U. S. inotrumented

blast lines and recorded the overpressure verouo time at LC•l (Ctcc1 dhtW)tc;C

from ground zero. The results• from this test have not been publicuhod

in final form by all participants although preliminrvy data io avallabl.c.

The final U. S. data are available in a BRL report and the preiLmintLry

data from Canada were obtained from private correopondence 5). Data fromthe U. K. are reported in reference (6) and have altio boer compiled in thL;ý

report.

RESULTS

The values of peak overprornure meartured by the vrarJ.ouzc counLriui told

presented. in the referenced sources were till• cnled to a one pounc ;.qutvil,,'t1

at standard Bca-level conditions. A total, or 2'(3 (1iau. poirntt wtw Utwetd ,t

etabl.iohing th. curve ao presented in Figuro i. The!.ie point: W(X1, pUm;,nclw

on TBM cardo "o ocaled c1iotance (%) vdrruo c•c'e,-d ovorpre:,turc (P,.

(x) in a nel.ed dirtancu and equaloR/W where R - actual d Lotatnc I( r,..and W u yield in pounda. Therefore, % IL equai, to H 'or a one poinnd 'ulia,.,

The logarithmn correopinding to thence data point' wort, eomputed, and by i

method of least aquareo the coefficients for a po]ynormi•a, equttrion wer,.

derived. The recu.tt io:

In 7.0452041 - 1.62T77561 X - .2'(5990I.1,11 X'

- .O659731y6 X3 + .00651il2561 +6 .X 256A+ X" (I)

- .020072553 X6 + .O030.904h9 X7 - .0001598),()i X"

where X m log. X

with X values from 0.5 to 440.

This equation, while fitting the pointu well over the rtuit of' vilu,-.:

given. would be misleading if u3ed in the very low prc.ture ruglon (belo'w

0.2 psi). Therefore, all values beyond a % of tio were procu:;: d throuj;i 1.h,computer, at••uming an exponential decay and the Following ,q!ultt•ti wa:

derived for the low pressnure range.

P 226.61762 %"I> 06.591

where 140 < o < 1000.3eProduced Frop

BestsAvailable_ Copyr

Equation 1 and 2 were combined to produce the values listed in Taible T.

Selected valuLs of X were put into equation IL and values of peak overprcocurewere computed from X * .50 to • * 70, Equation 2 was utied from k - 15 X Io i oo00o.

The resulting pressure versus distance values calculated from equation .1

and 2 are listed in Table I and plotted in Figure I. it in felt that thic

curve is the beat empirical curve available to date.

SCALING

To use the table or plotted curve for predicting peak ovorprcavure verunuv

distance for other TNT yields at other than standard sea level conditionti,

standard scaling procedures should be used. The scaling factor d for

"distance may be calculated from

1d [ 696.a(i 1/3

where W a Yield in pounds

P A Ambient atmosphere at altitude (pai).

Therefore % times Sd will give the now dintance.

When scaling the peak overprecssure to be expected where the ambient

atmosphere in other than 14.696 poi a scaling factor L should t. utwed.

The factor S may be calculated fromp

a PA 0069

where PA w Ainbient atmoopheric pressure at altitude (pul). Therefore: 0

times the peak overproce•ro listed in the table or taken from the curvw: wLll

give the new pressure value.

'46/4 AbCA-i °•s !

COMPARISONS

In an effort to determine the reliability of the valueu computed from

the equations and the messured values the following method of c:ozntorliol, w.:ý

. established. The scaled overpreosures versus distances (%) were compared with

"calculated overpreesures at a similar' scaled distance %. The compariiion

consisted of establishing the difference (plus or minus) bet,'40n the two

overpressures and then calculating the percentage or relative error between

the computed value and the scaled measured value. The positive rllatlvý-

errors wire swmned and divided by the number of values to eutabllrh the mciul

positive rolcLtivo error. The same procedure was used to ei1t0b3l11L t•,lu.m

negative relative error. From these two values one can dctennine how w'.l..

the computed valuet compare with the measured values on a pcrcentaLL, bLL•,.

There were 45 datin points used from the 5 ton olhot and of thee 2'(

points were positive with positive relative orror oV 7. )8 percent. Thi:rc: w,-.

18 negative pointo with a relative error of 4.86 perceLTt. Thin Jnpll:l; li'

courige that 60 percent of the data fell an average of' 7.•1• percent abovr- ihf,

curve and 4•0 percent of the data fell an average of 11.86 P.rce..nt bem.low th,, urv,,.

There was a total of IJiO datum pointn compiled from the 20 toni :1iot. of

these 64 were positive with a mean ponitive relative error ot' I W.1(2 e 1r1, 1.11,

76 were negative..r.with a mean negative. relative error of' 7.20 per,ýentý It ,v

4i5.7 parcent of the measured values were an average of . porcent LbovL tLhlt

computed valueo while 54.3 percent o'll an cierage of '.20 ,urcidt, beLow L.11

computed value,.

From the ý100 ton shot a tottO of 88 datum points wan uted. Th,•-rf,, wlr,-

•i5 points positive with a mean relative error of 8.20 percentu anI li• 45oint;

negative with a mean relative error of 6.4h percent. Thio implies thi,.

Sapproxintnty!,51 p•ercent of the measured points fell an average ol' M.2) ,•r.,t

above the computed values and 49 percent oC the measured point Ie,- I I ,o ,Ve,• •r-

of 6.44 percent below the computed values.

For a final comparison a total of 273 datum pointts, compiled trom tAit,

moasurements mad• on the three shots, was uoed. Theirre wvr 156 ruhl.rt:. ;!liv-

with a mean relative error of 6.14 percent and 157 poit•n r,.-,,tiv': with !

mean relative error of 6.65 percen't. This means approxinint,:Iy 50 pexrs':,.,

of thef meajured points fell an average of 6.114 percent above t!ht: coinouti-e!

vale•s while 50 percent fUl an average 6.65 percnnt below th,: c•nmi,, ',:v,,

10

4,y

Since there are aome isolated points which indicate large relatlwv crrortn

and tenC to outweigh the smaller values listed an invcntigation of lh q lre.•cu,::y

distribution of the points was made and the resulto are prcocntvd in T' b.f I IF.

From the table it eaa be seen that approximately two third., of iAL dL1 u 1, 1t

.lie within the two average relative error value8 of 4-6.14 percent i.nd

-6,.65 ýuxcent.

C. N.

D. F. [PANNIL

-I.

/

UPso ••

REFERECES

1. Preliminrn~ y Resuts from 1/2 Ton Air Burnt andC 5 Ton :ýurfwcu, :;iot,U. S. Visiting Team, 1959.

,, Groves, T. X. Air Blast Peak Overpressure from 5 Ton TNT Gro.id Bur:; 1.-Hetmispherical Charges. Suffield Technical Paper 205, 1961..

..-• Scientitic Obeervation• o �the Explocion of a 20 Ton TNT Chtrg.u.

'Volume 2, Tripartite Blast MNacuremento, Suffield Rtpor t, 205, 1,)61.

I$. Kin'ery, C., Keefer, J., and D y, g. Surface Air Blatht Meu urcmnnit,y Fruina 100 Ton TNT Detonation. Ba-listic Reooarch Laboratorit. M.morimd.uiReport 14lO, 1962.

.. Letter dated 15 March 1962 reference SJFS 1601-12-1 (P& Go,:) C, K -tr-ansmitting overprosoure vetrus diutance curveri Vor Wh,., .1.00 Ton TrI.Id

Letter dated 23 February 1962 tranomitting prIfluXrc verrtu'- 1;IL" utw ',recorded on the 100 Ton Tria:L.

6. J•me•, D. J. SES 100 Ton TNT BlanL Tr:tal - ,Ijrtflud.u, Albertra, Aui,:ul;., !,)(,I1/-40th Scale Fxperiment to Aceoos the VrfecL of Nu-Ltear B3a,'; an w,

, . London Underground Syotem. AWflE Report No. E2/62- Novetwbur I..1 .

Reproduced From

Best Available Copy1

12

TABLE IOVERPRESSURE- vs. SCALED DISTANCE

-DISTANCE OVER- OVER- ',ISTANCE OVER- OVER-X PRESSURE PRESSURE x PRESSURE PRESSURE

FT./LB." PSI ATM. FT,/LB.1/ 3 PSI ATW

.50 314'.9277 2t14.33912 27.'0 1.913_4 .1 1)20

.55 2781.2537 199.252.43 30.00 L.7056 .11600

.60 247L.0L54 1A. 14204 32.50 1.5369 104 58

.65 2208.8227 150.30094 35.00 1 .3971 .0950 1

.70 1985.6567 1"5.11545 37.50 1.2793 . 0I 70%P)

.75 1794.1976 122.08748 40.r0 I. LT7 5 .0110 !"

.80 .6?8.t,'64 110 . 8P243 45.00 1.01411 .00906

.go 1357.9630 92.40358 50.00 .88 76 . 0604 0l. 00 1147.3:3430 78.07179 55.00 . 78,5"7 . 03) 3401. 10 979.9653 66.68245 60.00 .7023 .04,7 t 91.25 786.5415 5 3 .52 l78 65.00 .6,328 .)04 3 01,3.50 564.7510 3It. 42, f89 70.UO .57742 .0)39071.75 419.7423 28.56167 75.00 .5222 .0 l,',I2.00 120.7113 il.1230 80.00 .41) . 0 32,'2.25 250.7734 17.06406 90.00 .4041 .01',02.50 2CO.00f1i 13.60970 100.,)0 . 348, .023712.75 162.295n 11.04354 110.00 .1041 .0.0133.00 133.711 f 9.,09FI51 1 2',.00 .2546 .01 7123.25 1 11.6590 7.59'798 150.00 • 1)70 .0[ 40il3.50 94. 377Fi 6.42201 175.00 15 f6 .OJ 0)f3.75 t0.6412 5.4H721 200.00 .1 i11, . 08 )o4.CO 69.5828 4.73481 225.c0 .11 14 .007,I4.50 53.1643 3.61760 250.00 .0960 .0 D ),5.00 41.8400 2.94703 275.00 80/40 .()())5 15.50 33.7565 2.296Q9 30(0.00 .074'#,3 .001)066.00 27.8152 1.89270 325.00 .0664 .004,,6.50 23.3 370 1. 5 .79 8 350. 00 .059, .(1 ',O,, 07.00 19.8870 1.35323 375.00 .0'4,4, .0 ol,)7.50 17. 1779 1.16888 ItOO. 10 0 -0,,"toe', . 00 1 1 18.00 15.0143 1102166 450 .J30 .01,20 .0/ 11 t.9.00 11.8195 .80427 500.00 .03t2 .00, t6

lo.o0 9.6147 .65 424 550.00 .0317 .10/01611.00 8.0286 .54631 600.00 .0280 .0011!)12.50 6.3672 .43326 650.00 .02,0 .0nni1r15.00 4.6653 .31746 700.00 .0?26 .0()',',17.50 3.6491. .24831 750.00 .0205 .01 '920.00 2.9842 .20306 800.00 .0718 .7(002 122.50 2.5189 .17140 900.00 .0158 .00 1 )8

- 2.1761 .14807 1000.00 .013t 000,4

jab •ce6l~ouG oplaestOP0

TABLE I[

DISTRIBUTION OF DATUM POINTS WITHIN SELECTED RELATIVE ERROR RANGE

cc cc ca W,~ ~ ~ ~OuJJ "O U.L" wLL -CLLIaC>C

-c--- l ft m C6 - c%_PERCENT+ PERCENT- PERCENT± PERCENT r.

1 23 1 20 1 43 15.72 18 2 18 2 79 29.O3 16 3 17 -j3 112 41.0

1 0 4 15 4 137 50.05 11 5 10 5 158 57.86 7 6 6 6 171 62.57 4 7 3 7 178 65.08 5 8 9 8 192 70.29 6 9 2 9 200 73. 1

10 9 10 5 1o 214 78.211 5 11 5 11 224 82.0

S.. 12 4 12 4 12 232 85.0"13 6 13 4 13 242 C8.514 0 L4 4 14 246 90.015 5 15 0 i5 251 92.016 L 16 1 16 253 92.517 1 17 L L7 255 93.518 1 18 0 18 256 93.619 3 19 1 19 260 195.020 1 20 3 20 264 96.621 0 21 2 2L 266 97.422 0 22 1 22 267 97.623 0 23 2 23 269 98.424 0 24 1 24 270 98.925 0 25 1 25 271 99.26 0 26 L 26 272 9.9527 C 27 1 27 273 100.0

. TOTAL NUMBER OF POINTS WAS 273

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