UN GHS PRIMER · UN GHS Primer 5 Intelligent World. ™ GHS in the U.S. Labels that previously met OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) only needed to identify the product

Inspired Brands.Intelligent World.™1UN GHS Primer

Inspired Brands.Intelligent World.™

UN GHS PRIMER

Executive Summary


Why GHS?

Current differences in global labeling requirements are so broad that a single chemical may require multiple labels to comply with each country’s specifications.

This variability creates regulatory burdens for chemical producers that must produce multiple labels, and creates confusion and potential danger as hazardous chemicals travel the globe.

To close the gap of differences and create consistent standards worldwide, the United Nations created the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS).

With the U.S. implementation deadline quickly approaching in 2015, it is critical for chemical manufacturers, label converters and others who handle, transport, store and use chemicals to understand the new harmonized labeling criteria.


What is GHS?

GHS provides a set of standardized criteria for classifying chemicals according to their health, physical and environmental hazards.

Under GHS, the type and degree of hazards must be communicated uniformly on labels through six basic elements.

> Hazard symbols or pictograms> Signal words such as “danger” or “warning”> Hazard statements such as “fatal if swallowed”> Precautionary statements regarding

storage, disposal or handling> Product identifiers to define chemical ingredients> Company identifiers


GHS in the U.S.

Labels that previously met OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) only needed to identify the product and the company, along with the appropriate hazard warning. HCS is now aligned with GHS, requiring standard, 16-section safety data sheets and labels that include the six basic elements.

OSHA required employees to receive training

on GHS labels by December 2013 to prepare for

the U.S. compliance deadline on June 1, 2015.


Benefits of GHS

The goal of GHS is to consistently classify and communicate hazard precautions to ensure proper handling and use of dangerous chemicals internationally.

This harmonization benefits the safety of everyone exposed to chemicals throughout their production, transportation and use by:

> Increasing quality and consistency of hazard information for people using or handling chemicals> Enhancing comprehension of hazard information, resulting in appropriate handling and usage

of chemicals> Reducing the compliance burdens and communication costs associated with developing

multiple labels and SDS under non standardized regulations


In This Primer

This primer contains detailed information on the following

> Background and scope of GHS................................................................................................ > Basic communication elements and structure..........................................................................> Global implementation.............................................................................................................> GHS — U.S. implementation.................................................................................................. » Alignment with OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard.................................................. » Key definitions.................................................................................................................... » Ability to claim trade secret protection................................................................................ » Old vs. new labels, with sample labels................................................................................ » Key U.S. implementation dates..........................................................................................> GHS classifications and criteria...............................................................................................> BS 5609 requirements under GHS..........................................................................................> Links and resources................................................................................................................

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Background & Scope of GHS


> Standard classification of chemical hazards

> Standard criteria for packaging (labels) and Safety Data Sheets (SDSs)

> Countries encouraged to adopt in own regulatory programs

> Adoption in progress globally

fORTH REvISED vERSION

Overview


> Hazard classification globally inconsistent

> Wide variability in labeling, SDS content and communication

> Enhance safety to human health, the environment and workplace

> Global market: “Level the field”

> Help standardize existing national regulatory regimes (mature countries)

> Simplify development and deployment of new chemical regulatory regimes (developing countries)

Global Implementation is NOT harmonized!

Overview


Global Differences in Flammability Classification and Labeling

Why is GHS Necessary?

GHS

CAN EU

South Africa Malaysia

Australia

China


> All hazardous chemicals

> Substances and mixtures in all types of use situations

> R&D

> Production

> Storage

> Transportation

> Workplace use

> Consumer use

> Presence in the environment

> Pharmaceuticals (human and animal)

> foods and food additives

> Cosmetics

> Pesticide residues in food

> Setting uniform test methods

> Promoting further testing

> Risk assessment procedures or risk management decisions

> Articles — most finished are outside the scope of GHS

Out of ScopeIn Scope

Scope of GHS

Each country or region determines the exact scope, exemptions and requirements.


Two-part classifications

> The classification type » Acute toxicity » flammable liquids » Corrosive to metals

> … with a degree of hazard » Category 1 (most severe) » Category 2

> The classification determines other requirements, such as labeling and SDS.

The classification drives everything else …

GHS – Building Blocks Approach

Appendix 1 provides a summary of the classifications and associated criteria.


GHS Building Blocks

Hazard Classification Criteria

> Physical

» Explosive, flammable, oxidizing, corrosives, water reactive, others

> Health

» Acute toxicity, skin irritation, respiratory sensitization, carcinogenicity, others

> Environmental

» Hazardous to the aquatic environment and ozone layer

Hazard Communication Methods

> Labels

» Product ID

» Supplier ID

» Hazardous Chemical ID

» Pictograms

» Signal words

» Hazard statements

» Precautionary information

> SDSs (MSDS)

» 16-Section SDS

Basic Communication Elements & Structure


Basic Hazard Communication Elements

> Uniform hazard symbols through the use of Pictograms (See Appendix 1)

> Uniform signal words “danger” and “warning”

> Uniform hazard statements such as “fatal if swallowed” and “Harmful to aquatic life”

> Uniform precautionary statements (regarding prevention, response, storage or disposal)

> Inclusion of a product identifier (i.e., chemical identity clearly defined)

> A standardized 16-section SDS format


Hazard Statement Structure

Group of hazard statement

Sequential number in a group

Hazard statement H300 - Fatal if swallowed

Groups of Hazard Statements

1 Physical Hazards 2 Health Hazards 3 Environmental Hazards


Precautionary Statement Structure

Group of precautionary statement

Sequential number in a group

Precautionary statement

P102 - Keep out of reach of children

Groups of Precautionary Statements

1 General 2 Prevention 3 Response 4 Storage 5 Disposal

GHS – Global Implementation


Countries Where GHS is Fully in Effect

New Zealand

Japan

South Korea Substances (mixtures still pending)

Taiwan Phases 1 and 2 (Phase 3 still pending)

China

Singapore Substances - manufacturers and suppliers (mixtures still pending)

EU Substances (mixtures still pending)

Switzerland Substances (mixtures still pending)

Serbia Substances (mixtures still pending)

Brazil Substances (mixtures still pending)


GHS Transition Dates

Switzerland substances

2012

01-Dec

Malaysia substances 31-Dec

Uruguay substances 31-Dec

Singapore substance users End

EU (EEA) substances 2nd ATP CLP 01-Dec

Thailand substances

2013

11-Mar

Indonesia substance manufacturers Mid

South Korea mixtures 30-Jun

Taiwan substances and mixtures Phase 3 list

31-Dec

Indonesia substance users End

Turkey substances

2014

01-Jan

vietnam substances 30-Mar

Malaysia mixtures 31-Dec

Serbia mixtures

2015

01-Jun

Singapore mixtures 01-Jun

Switzerland mixtures 01-Jun

Turkey mixtures 01-Jun

Brazil mixtures Jun

U.S. substances and mixtures

2016

Jun

EU (EEA) mixtures 01-Jun

Indonesia mixtures End

vietnam mixtures 30-Mar

Australia substance and mixtures 31-Dec

Taiwan substances and mixtures Phase 4 list

2017

31-Dec

Thailand mixtures 11-Mar

Uruguay mixtures 31-Dec


GHS in Canada and Mexico

Canada

> GHS not yet implemented in Canada> Expected proposed regulations to implement the GHS in 2014> Signed agreement with OSHA to harmonize with new U.S. program

Mexico

> Mexican GHS standard, NMX-R-0190SCfI-2011, entered into force on 04 June 2011> Compliance with the GHS standard, at present, is still voluntary; however,

the existing requirements will ultimately be amended to implement GHS

GHS – U.S. Implementation


U.S. OSHA-HCS aligns with UN GHS

> Revised criteria for classification of chemical hazards> Revised labeling provisions that include requirements for use of standardized

signal words, pictograms, hazard statements and precautionary statements> Specified format for SDS> Includes related revisions to definitions of terms used in the HCS> Requirements for employee training on labels and SDSs

The adoption of the GHS will improve OSHA’s HCS standard by providing consistent, standardized hazard communication to downstream users.


29 CFR 1910.1200 – Hazard Communication

> Chemical manufacturers/Importers classify hazards of substances and communicate to supply chain (labels/SDSs, etc.)

> Distributors transmit hazcom information to employers

> Employers provide information to employees about hazardous chemicals via hazcom program – labels, warnings, safety data sheets (SDSs), training

Revised section contains new language on:

» Purpose

» Definitions

» Expectations for classification of substances, as well as mixtures

» Expectations for warnings (labels)

» Safety Data Sheets (no longer MSDS) officially align with the 16-point ANSI and ISO standard

» Trade secret claims


Key Definitions [§1910.1200(c)]

> Chemical – any substance or mixture of substances

> Mixture – a combination or solution composed of two or more substances in which they do not react

> Hazardous chemical – any chemical which is classified as a physical hazard or health

hazard, a simple asphyxiant, combustible dust, pyrophoric gas or hazard not otherwise classified

> Hazard not otherwise classified (HNOC) – an adverse physical or health effect identified through

evaluation of scientific evidence during the classification process that does not meet the

specified criteria for the physical and health hazard classes addressed in this section. This does not

extend coverage to adverse physical and health effects for which there is a hazard class addressed in

this section, but the effect either falls below the cut-off value/concentration limit of the hazard class or

is under a GHS hazard category that has not been adopted by OSHA (e.g., Acute Toxicity Category 5)

> Produce – to manufacture, process, formulate, blend, extract, generate, emit or repackage


U.S. Versus EU Categories

> Acute Toxicity Category 5

> Skin Irritation Category 3

> Aspiration Hazard Category 2

> Acute Aquatic Toxicity Categories 1-3

> Chronic Aquatic Toxicity Categories 1-4

> Hazardous to the Ozone Layer

> flammable Liquids Category 4

> Acute Toxicity Category 5

> Skin Irritation Category 3

> Eye Irritation – No division between Categories 2A and 2B

> Aspiration Hazard Category 2

> Acute Aquatic Toxicity Categories 2 and 3

EU CLP does not include the following categories:

HCS 2012 does not include the following categories:


Consistent with HCS 1994

Requires disclosure of the percentage composition of mixtures on the SDS. This final rule adopts this requirement but allows the manufacturer to claim trade secret protection for this requirement. This is the only substantive change to the existing standard’s trade secret protections.

To claim CBI:

Can claim CBI on chemical identity, chemical name, other specific identity of a chemical hazard or the exact percentage (concentration) of the substance in a mixture provided that:

> The claim that the information withheld is a trade secret can be supported

> Information contained in the safety data sheet concerning the properties and effects of the hazardous chemical is disclosed

> The safety data sheet indicates the specific chemical identity and/or percentage of composition is being withheld as a trade secret

> The specific chemical identity and percentage is made available to health professionals, employees and designated representatives in accordance with the applicable provisions of this paragraph

Trade Secrets and CBI


> Identity of the hazardous chemical

> Appropriate hazard warning conveys the specific physical and health hazard(s), including target organ effects

> Name and address of chemical manufacturer, importer or other responsible party

> The HCS does not specify a standard format or design elements for labels

> Product identifier

> A signal word “danger” or “warning”

> Hazard statement(s) – “fatal if swallowed”

> Pictogram(s)

> Precautionary statement – P103 – “Read label before use”

> Name, address and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, importer or other responsible party

GHS/HCS 2012Previous HCS

Label elements for a chemical are to be determined by hazard classifications.

Old vs. New HCS/GHS Labels for Shipped Products


Other HCS/GHS Label Considerations

> Environmental labeling (e.g., aquatic toxicity) is not mandatory

> Labels must include a signal word, pictogram, hazard statement

and precautionary statement for each hazard class and category

> Blank diamonds are not allowed

> Labels must be updated within six months of becoming aware of any

significant changes in hazards or ways to protect against the hazards


OSHA Sample Label

Toxi�amUN No. 1234CAS No. 12-34-5

DANGER!Toxic if swallowed. Flammable Lliquid and vapor.

Do not eat, drink or use tobacco when using this product. Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Keep container tightly closed. Keep away from heat/sparks/open �ame. – No smoking. Wear protective gloves and eye/face protection. Ground container and receiving equipment. Use explosion-proof electrical equipment. Take precautionary measures against static discharge. Use only non-sparking tools. Store in a cool/well-ventilated place.

Fill Weight: 18.00 lbs.Gross Weight: 20 lbs.Expiration Date: 1/2/2018

Lot Number: D836376292Fill Date: 1/30/2011

ABC Company Any Street | Anytown, NJ 00000 USA

www.abccompany.com | 444.555.6666

See SDS for further information.


Key GHS Label Elements – Sample Label

DANGER! is used for the most severe hazards. WARNING! is used for the less severe hazards.

The hazard itself is described. In this case, the product is toxic if swallowed and flammable.

Symbols are used to describe hazards of the product.

Information on how to properly handle the product to minimize, prevent and respond to adverse effects resulting from exposure or improper storage or handling is provided.

Toxi�amUN No. 1992Flammabe liquids, toxic, n.o.s.Contains: xyz



IF SWALLOWED: Imediately call a POISON CONTROL CENTER or doctor/physician. Rinse Mouth

In case of �re, use water fog, dry chemical, CO2 or “alchohol” foam.

ABC CompanyAny Street | Anytown, NJ 00000 USA www.abccompany.com | 444.555.6666 See SDS for further information.


Product Labeling Examples

Toxi�amUN No. 1234CAS No. 12-34-5



Fill Weight: 18.00 lbs.Gross Weight: 20 lbs.Expiration Date: 1/2/2018

Lot Number: D836376292Fill Date: 1/30/2011

ABC Company Any Street | Anytown, NJ 00000 USA

www.abccompany.com | 444.555.6666

See SDS for further information.

GHS Inner Container Label GHS 55 Gallon Drum, Outer and Inner Labels

Toxi�amUN No. 1992Flammabe liquids, toxic, n.o.s.Contains: xyz



IF SWALLOWED: Imediately call a POISON CONTROL CENTER or doctor/physician. Rinse Mouth

In case of �re, use water fog, dry chemical, CO2 or “alchohol” foam.

ABC CompanyAny Street | Anytown, NJ 00000 USA www.abccompany.com | 444.555.6666 See SDS for further information.

GHS Outer Box with Inner Labels GHS Outer Container Label


Key U.S. Dates

Effective Completion Date Requirement(s) Who

Dec. 1, 2013 Train employees on the new label elements and SDS format Employers

June 1, 2015* Comply with all modified provisions of this final ruleChemical manufacturers, importers and employers

Dec. 1, 2015Distributors may ship products labeled by manufacturers

under the old system until December 1, 2015Distributors

June 1, 2016

Update alternative workplace labeling and hazard communication program as necessary, and provide

additional employee training for newly identified physical or health hazards

Employers

Transition Period Until 2015Comply with either 29 CfR 1910.1200 (this final standard),

or the current standard, or both

All chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and

employers


Key U.S. Dates

Training on Label Elements

> Cover all required elements (e.g., pictograms, hazard statements, precautionary statements, product

identifiers, etc.)

> How an employee might use the labels in the workplace

> General understanding of how the elements work together on a label

Format of the SDS

> 16-section format » E.g., Section 8 contains information on exposure limits, engineering controls, PPE, etc.

> How information on the label is related to SDS

OSHA Resources

> Training Requirements Fact Sheet

> OSHA Brief on Labels and Pictograms

> OSHA Quick Cards

Appendix 1 GHS Classifications and Criteria


Flammable Liquids & Solids: Classification Criteria

Liquids A liquid having a flash point of not more than 93°C.

Solids A solid that is readily combustible or may cause or contribute to fire through friction. Readily combustible solids are powdered, granular or pasty substances that are dangerous if they can be easily ignited by brief contact with an ignition source, such as a burning match, and if the flame spreads rapidly.

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

flash point < 23°C and initial boiling point ≤ 35°C

flash point < 23°C and initial boiling point > 35°C

flash point ≥ 23°C and ≤ 60°C

flash point > 60°C and ≤ 93°C

Category 1 Category 2

A.) Wetted zone does not stop fire; andB.) Burning time < 45 s or burning rate > 2.2 mm/s

Metal powders: burning time ≤ 5 min

A.) Wetted zone stops the fire for at least 4 min; andB.) Burning time < 45 s or burning rate > 2.2 mm/s

Metal powders: burning time > 5 min and ≤ 10 min


Flammable Liquids & Solids: Label Elements

Liquids

Solids

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

DANGERExtremely flammable

liquid and vapor

DANGERHighly flammable liquid and vapor

WARNINGflammable liquid and vapor

NO PICTOGRAM

WARNINGCombustible liquid

Category 1 Category 2

DANGERflammable solid

WARNINGflammable solid


Physical Hazards Pictograms

Explosives

Self-reactive substances and mixtures

Organic peroxides

Flammable gases

Flammable aerosols

Flammable liquids

Flammable solids

Organic peroxides

Self-reactive substances and mixtures

Pyrophoric solids

Self-heating substances and mixtures

Contact with water, emit

Flammable gas

Oxidizing gases

Oxidizing liquids

Oxidizing solids

Corrosive to metals

Gases under pressure

Refrigerated liquified gas


Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Label Elements

Following the application of a test substance up to four hours

> Skin corrosion: irreversible damage to the skin

> Skin irritation: reversible damage to the skin

Category 1A Category 1B Category 1C Category 2 Category 3

DANGERCauses severe skin burns and eye damage

DANGERCauses severe skin

burns and eye damage

DANGERCauses severe skin

burns and eye damage

WARNINGCauses skin irritation

No PICTOGRAM

WARNINGCauses mild skin irritation

Corrosion Irritation


Health Hazard Pictograms/Signal Words

Acute Toxicity: Danger (Cat 1, Cat 2, Cat 3)

Acute Toxicity: Warning (Cat 4)

Skin Irritation: Warning (Cat 2)

Eye Irritation: Warning (Cat 2A)

Skin Sensitization: Warning (Cat 1)

STOT Single: Warning (Category 3)

Skin Corrosion: Danger (Cat 1A, Cat 1B, Cat 1C)

Eye Damage (Corrosion): Danger (Cat 1)

Respiratory Sensitization: Danger (Cat 1)

Germ Cell Mutagenicity: Danger (Cat 1A, 1B); Warning (Cat 2)

Carcinogenicity: Danger (Cat 1A, 1B); Warning (Cat 2)

Reproductive Toxicity: Danger (Cat 1A, 1B); Warning (Cat 2)

Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT) Single: Danger (Cat 1 & 2)

STOT Repeated: Danger (Cat 1); Warning (Cat 2)

Aspiration Toxicity: Danger (Cat 1); Warning (Cat 2)

Acute Hazard: Warning (Cat 1)

Chronic Hazard: Warning (Cat 1); No signal word (Cat 2)

*Not Included in every country

Appendix 2 BS 5609 Requirements Under GHS


BS 5609 Requirements Under GHS

GHS standards require compliance with International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, a global system that governs the safe transport of dangerous goods by sea. In turn, IMDG requires that adhesive labels for dangerous goods meet BS 5609 specifications.

BS 5609 establishes durability standards for printed pressure-sensitive, adhesive-coated labels used in marine environments.


BS 5609 Testing Methods

Technical sections of BS 5609 test two aspects of a label to determine its durability in marine conditions.

> Section 2 tests the label base material for resistance to weathering and abrasion, colorfastness and adhesion

> Section 3 tests the printed pressure-sensitive, adhesive-coated label — including the printing systems, inks and ribbons applied to certified base materials — by testing for legibility and print permanence after the label is exposed to marine elements


BS 5609 Responsibility

Converters typically are responsible for obtaining Section 3 certification on inks or ribbons for use with Section 2-certified label base materials.

To simplify BS 5609 certification, the Avery Dennison Select Solutions™ Drum portfolio now includes Section 3-certified printing systems, in addition to Section 2-certified base materials.

By using Avery Dennison’s BS 5609-certified

label constructions with the specified printer

and inks, converters can easily meet the GHS

implementation deadline of June 2015.

Links and Resources


Important Links and Resources

GHS Guidelines 3rd Revised Edition: http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev03/03files_e.html

GHS Guidelines 4th Revised Edition: http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev04/English/ST-SG-AC10-30-Rev4e.pdf

U.S. OSHA-specific Website:http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/index.html

UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) GHS WebsiteImplementation status:

http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/implementation_e.html


Important Links and Resources

Trade Association and Industry UpdatesConferences:

ChemCon International Conference on Chemical Control Legislation & Trade

Aspects:

Sept. 9-13, 2012 in Seoul, South Korea

GlobalChem Global Chemical Regulations Conference (Feb. 25-27, 2013)

ChemWatch

GHS Legislation Website:http://www.ghslegislation.com/tag/ghs-implementation-status/

ERM Resources:Sal Giolando (+1 513.985.8013) – [email protected]

Dianne Green (+1 513.985.8014) – [email protected]

Kristen Schulz (+1 513.985.8044) – [email protected]


U.S. Regulatory Authorities

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA):

Enforcement of safety and health legislation

Department of Transportation (DOT):

Regulates chemicals in transport – GHS implemented via the Model Regulations

Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC):

Regulates consumer products – no legislation in place to implement GHS

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):

Regulates pesticides and provides authority over the labeling of chemicals

under Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) - no legislation in place to implement GHS

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH):

Currently updating International Chemical Safety Cards and Pocket Guide to incorporate GHS

classifications (will further reduce technological burden of reclassification borne by manufacturers)

UN GHS PRIMER · UN GHS Primer 5 Intelligent World. ™ GHS in the U.S. Labels that previously met OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) only needed to identify the product

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