UMTS Coverage & Cap Estimation

8/13/2019 UMTS Coverage & Cap Estimation

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UMTS Coverage & Capacity

Estimation

ZTE University


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Content

Link Budget

Coverage Estimation

Capacity Estimation


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coverage

capacity

quality

Balance

Perfect solution: the balance among coverage, capacity

and quality.

Dimension estimation

UMTS radio network dimension estimation is a process ofcalculating amount and configuration of equipment based

on the goal of coverage, capacity and quality.


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Enquiry

Analyses

Survey

Build Model

Simulation

Requirement

Analyses

Site Survey

Site Allocation

System Simulation

and Authentication

Propagation Model

Test

Propagation Model

calibration

Capability

Estimation

Output PlanningReport

Site Selection

Radio Network Planning Flow


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PA

Feeder lossPropagation

loss

Antenna gainPenetration

loss

NodeB sensitivity

Shadow

margin

Human body

loss

UE power

Link Budget and Models

Simply, link budget is to perform accounting on all lossesand gains on a communication link.

Definition: Estimate the system coverage capability byreviewing and analyzing all kinds of influence factors in thepropagation path of forward and reverse signals, andobtain the maximum propagation loss allowed on the linkunder certain call qualities.


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Uplink Budget ProcessParameter. Symbol Procedure

Tx Power (dBm) A

Tx Antenna Gain (dBi) B

Tx Body Loss (dB) C

Tx Feeder Loss (dB) D

Tx EIRP (dBm) E E=A+B-C-D

Thermal Noise Density (dBm/Hz) F

Thermal Noise (dBm) G G=F+10*LOG(3840000)

Receiver Noise Figure (dB) H

Receiver Noise (dBm) I I=G+HInterference Margin (dB) J

BitRate (kbps) K

Process Gain (dB) L L=10*LOG(3840/K)

Required Eb/No (dB) M

Receiver Sensitivity (dBm) N N=I+J-L+M

Rx Antenna Gain (dBi) O

Rx Feeder Loss (dB) P

Rx Body Loss (dB) Q

Power control headroom (dB) R

Soft Handover Gain (dB) S

Shadow Fading Margin (dB) T

Penetration Loss(dB) U

Max Allowable Path Loss (dB) V V=E-N+O-P-Q-R+S-T-U


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Uplink/Downlink Balance

The downlink cell radius is

related to the number of

subscribers in the cell, the

location and services of the

subscriber.

The downlink is usually limited

by the capacity. When the load

of the cell increases, the

condition of limited downlink

may occur.

The balance between the uplink

and downlink needs the help of

planning software for iterative

calculation.


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R99 Uplink Link Budget Example

CS12.2K CS64K PS64K

TX

Tx Power [dBm] 21.00 21.00 21.00

Antenna Gain [dBi] 0.00 0.00 0.00

Body Loss [dB] 3.00 0.00 0.00

Feeder Loss [dB] 0.00 0.00 0.00

EIRP [dBm] 18.00 21.00 21.00

RX

Thermal Noise Density [dMm/HZ] -174.00 -174.00 -174.00

Thermal Noise [dBm] -108.16 -108.16 -108.16

Receiver Noise Figure [dB] 2.20 2.20 2.20

Receiver Noise [dBm] -105.96 -105.96 -105.96

Bit Rate [kbit/s] 12.2 64 64

Process Gain [dB] 24.98 17.78 17.78

Required Eb/No [dB] 4.20 2.70 1.60

Receiver Sensitivity [dBm] -126.74 -121.04 -122.14

Interference Margin [dB] 3.01 3.01 3.01

Antenna Gain [dBi] 18.00 18.00 18.00

Feeder Loss [dB] 2.80 2.80 2.80

Body Loss [dB] 0.00 0.00 0.00

Margin

Power control headroom [dB] 2.00 2.00 2.00Soft Handover Gain [dB] 3.00 3.00 3.00

Shadow Fading Margin [dB] 8.70 8.70 8.70

Penetration Loss [dB] 20.00 20.00 20.00

Max Allowable Outdoor Path Loss [dB] 149.23 146.53 147.63

Outdoor Coverage Cell Raius [km] 1.74 1.45 1.56

Max Allowable Indoor Path Loss [dB] 129.23 126.53 127.63

Indoor Coverage Cell Raius [km] 0.47 0.39 0.42


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R99 Down Link Budget Example

CS12.2K CS64K PS64K PS128K PS384K PCPICH

TX

Tx Power [dBm] 33.00 33.00 33.00 35.00 38.00 33.00

Antenna Gain [dBi] 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00Body Loss [dB] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Feeder Loss [dB] 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80

EIRP [dBm] 48.20 48.20 48.20 50.20 53.20 48.20

RX

Thermal Noise Density [dMm/HZ] -174.00 -174.00 -174.00 -174.00 -174.00

-90.00

Thermal Noise [dBm] -108.16 -108.16 -108.16 -108.16 -108.16

Receiver Noise Figure [dB] 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00

Receiver Noise [dBm] -101.16 -101.16 -101.16 -101.16 -101.16

Bit Rate [kbit/s] 12.2 64 64 128 384Process Gain [dB] 24.98 17.78 17.78 14.77 10.00

Required Eb/No [dB] 7.50 5.20 4.80 4.50 4.30

Receiver Sensitivity [dBm] -118.64 -113.74 -114.14 -111.43 -106.86

Interference Margin [dB] 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00

Antenna Gain [dBi] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Feeder Loss [dB] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Body Loss [dB] 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Margin

Power control headroom [dB] 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 0.00Soft Handover Gain [dB] 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.00

Shadow Fading Margin [dB] 8.70 8.70 8.70 8.70 8.70 8.70

Penetration Loss [dB] 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00

Max Allowable Outdoor Path Loss [dB] 150.14 148.24 148.64 147.93 146.36 123.50

Outdoor Coverage Cell Raius [km] 1.84 1.63 1.67 1.59 1.44 0.32

Max Allowable Indoor Path Loss [dB] 130.14 128.24 128.64 127.93 126.36

Indoor Coverage Cell Raius [m] 0.50 0.44 0.45 0.43 0.39


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HSDPA Link budget

Cell edge coverage bit rate decide the cell radius Demodulation threshold is Es/No

Without soft handover and fast power control, so

the Power control headroom and soft handover

gain is zero

Body loss is Zero.


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HSDPA Downlink budget ExamplePS128K PS384K HSDPA

TX

Tx Power [dBm] 35.00 38.00 37.00

Antenna Gain [dBi] 18.00 18.00 18.00Body Loss [dB] 0.00 0.00 0.00

Feeder Loss [dB] 2.80 2.80 2.80

EIRP [dBm] 50.20 53.20 52.19

RX

Thermal Noise Density [dMm/HZ] -174.00 -174.00 -174.00

Thermal Noise [dBm] -108.16 -108.16 -108.16

Receiver Noise Figure [dB] 7.00 7.00 7.00

Receiver Noise [dBm] -101.16 -101.16 -101.16

Bit Rate [kbit/s] 128 384 600Process Gain [dB] 14.77 10.00 12.04

Required Eb/No (Es/No) [dB] 4.50 4.30 6.19

Receiver Sensitivity [dBm] -111.43 -106.86 -107.1

Interference Margin [dB] 6.00 6.00 6.00

Antenna Gain [dBi] 0.00 0.00 0.00

Feeder Loss [dB] 0.00 0.00 0.00

Body Loss [dB] 0.00 0.00 0.00

MarginPower control headroom [dB] 2.00 2.00 0.00Soft Handover Gain [dB] 3.00 3.00 0.00

Shadow Fading Margin [dB] 8.70 8.70 8.70

Penetration Loss [dB] 20.00 20.00 20.00

Max Allowable Outdoor Path Loss [dB] 147.93 146.36 144.5

Outdoor Coverage Cell Raius [m] 1.59 1.44 1.27

Max Allowable Indoor Path Loss [dB] 127.93 126.36 124.5

Indoor Coverage Cell Raius [m] 0.43 0.39 0.34


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HSUPA Uplink budget Example

CS12.2K CS64K PS64K HSUPA

TX

Tx Power [dBm] 21.00 21.00 21.00 24.00

Antenna Gain [dBi] 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00

Body Loss [dB] 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Feeder Loss [dB] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

EIRP [dBm] 18.00 21.00 21.00 25.59

RX

Thermal Noise Density [dMm/HZ] -174.00 -174.00 -174.00 -174.00

Thermal Noise [dBm] -108.16 -108.16 -108.16 -108.16

Receiver Noise Figure [dB] 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20

Receiver Noise [dBm] -105.96 -105.96 -105.96 -105.96

Bit Rate [kbit/s] 12.2 64 64 600Process Gain [dB] 24.98 17.78 17.78

-7.00Required Eb/No [dB] 4.20 2.70 1.60

Receiver Sensitivity [dBm] -126.74 -121.04 -122.14 -113.96

Interference Margin [dB] 3.01 3.01 3.01 3.01

Antenna Gain [dBi] 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00

Feeder Loss [dB] 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80

Body Loss [dB] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Margin

Power control headroom [dB] 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00Soft Handover Gain [dB] 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00

Shadow Fading Margin [dB] 8.70 8.70 8.70 8.70

Penetration Loss [dB] 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00

Max Allowable Outdoor Path Loss [dB] 149.23 146.53 147.63 143.04

Outdoor Coverage Cell Raius [m] 1.74 1.45 1.56 1.16

Max Allowable Indoor Path Loss [dB] 129.23 126.53 127.63 123.04

Indoor Coverage Cell Raius [m] 0.47 0.39 0.42 0.31


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Content

Link Budget

Coverage Scale Estimation

Capacity Service Model


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Omni-directional NodeB

R D

D

R

Three-sector directionalNodeB (65)

DR

Six-sector directionalNodeB (65)

2323 RS

RD 3

22 95.1389 RRS

RD2

3

232

3RS

RD 3

Calculation of NodeB Coverage Area


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Content

Link Budget

Coverage Scale Estimation

Capacity Service Model


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Case AnalysisStep 1

Requirements Analysis (Input)

Distinguish the area into DU, MU, SU, RU.


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Case AnalysisStep 2

Single user traffic model (single connection)

UL/DL Throughput Ratio


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Case AnalysisStep 3

Service Penetration Rate

Subscriber Number of Each Service


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Case AnalysisStep 4

Total Traffic of Each Service

Calculate total traffic (uplink and downlink)


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Case AnalysisStep 5

Calculate the Total UL Traffic of Each Service

Calculate the Total DL Traffic of Each Service


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Content

UMTS Service mode Common Capacity Design Methods

Uplink Capacity Estimation

Downlink Capacity Estimation Estimation Examples


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Input:system load requirment and

coverage requirement

Uplink coverage

estimation

Quantity of BSs

satisfying uplink

coverage

Downlink coverage

estimation

Quantity of BSs

satisfying downlink

coverage

Compare the results

and evaluate the

larger one

Uplink capacity

estimation

Quantity of BSs

satisfying uplink

capacity

End

Based on traffic type Based on power

Quantity A of

channels to be

provided by every cell

on the downlink

Quantity B of

channels availably

provided by every

cell on the downlink

AddBSs

No

Yes

A


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Common Capacity Design Methods

Equivalent Erlangs method

Post Erlang-B method

Campbell method


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Campbell Method

caCCapacity ii

cfficOfferedTra

i

ii

i

ii

aerl

aerl

c

2

ic

Principle: Make multiple services equivalent to a virtual

service and calculate the capacity on the basis of the

virtual service.

iserviceofcapacityCiiserviceofamplitudea

niancevnmeanafactorcapacityc

i

......

*var*

.


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3036112 ii aerl

6636112 222

ii aerl

Campbell Method

Example

Service A: 1 channel for each connection and the total is 12 erl.

Service B: 3 channels for each connection and the total is 6 erl.

Mean & variance


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Capacity factor c

Virtual traffic

21 channels (virtual channels) are required to meet the

virtual traffic under 2% blocking rate.

2.230

66

c

63.132.2

30TrafficOffered c

Campbell Method


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Under 2% blocking rate, channel number required by each service is

shown as follows:

Service A:

Service B:

Different channel numbers are required to meet the GOS

requirements of diversified services.

Compared with the former two methods, the calculation result through

the Campbell method is more reasonable.

471)2.221(1 C

493)2.221(2 C

Campbell Method


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If the reference service is the voice service

Campbell Method

voicevoicevoice

serviceserviceserviceservicevNoEbR

vNoEbRAmplitude

*/*

*/*


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Content

UMTS Service mode Common Capacity Design Methods


Downlink Capacity Estimation Estimation Examples


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jtotal

j

jjj

PI

P

Rv

WNoEb

)/(

W: indicates the chip rate.

vj: indicates user js activation factor.

Rj: indicates user js data rate.Pj : indicates user js signal receive power

Itotal: indicates total broadband receive power with

the thermal noise power included in the NodeB.

Uplink Load Analysis

Eb/No the receive signal in the NodeB must reach Eb/No

required by the service demodulation.


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The receive power at the NodeB receive end should meet

the following formula so that the user signal can meet the

demodulation requirement:totaljtotal

jjj

j ILI

vRNo

Eb

WP

)(1

1

jjj

total

jj

vR

No

Eb

WI

PL

)(1

1

Define a connection load factor Lj:

N

j

totalj

N

j

j ILP11

The total receive power of all N users from one cell is:



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The total receive power at the NodeB receive end consistsof three parts:

Notherintatal PPPI

indicates the total interference power of in-cell users.

indicates the total interference power of out-cell users.

indicates the NodeB thermal noise power.

Neighbor cells interference factor i

i= Other cell interference /Local cell interference

inP

otherP

NP


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The total user receive power of the NodeB:

Define the noise lifting as the ratio of total broadband

receive power to the noise power of the NodeB:

N

j

tataljotherin ILiPP

1

)1(

N

j

jotherintatal

tatal

N

total

LiPPI

I

P

INR

1

)1(1

1



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Define the uplink load factor to be:

The noise lifting can be represented to be:

N

j

jjj

N

j

jUL

vRNoEb

WiLi

11

)/(

1

1)1()1(

UL

NR

1

1

)1(10)( 10 ULLOGdBNR



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The uplink capacity is limited by interference increase:

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

user number

noise

rise(dB)

Shanghai dialect Minnandialect

mandarin

Cantonese



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In the case of a single service, evaluate the channelquantity provided by every cell according to the load

formula and further evaluate the total number of base

stations satisfying the uplink capacity requirement.

To budget composite traffic, based on the Campbellalgorithm, make different services consumption on the

system resource equivalent to the single service

consumption on the system resource, and then evaluate

the quantity of channels to be provided by every cell

according to load formula, and further evaluate the number

of base stations satisfying the composite traffic

requirement.


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R99/HSUPA mixed calculation

During the uplink capacity calculation ,decide how muchuplink load will be designed in R99 and HSUPA

By simulation, calculate how much PS throughput can be

carried by HSUPA

Calculate how much of the remaining PS service to becarried by R99


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Calculate equivalent

intensity of services

Calculate the variance, average value and

capacity factor of the composite service

System virtual traffic A

Calculate the quantity ofequivalent voice channels

in the cell

Quantity of virtualchannels in the cell

Virtual service capacity

B of the cell

Number of

cells

A/B

R99 Uplink Capacity Algorithm


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UMTS Coverage & Cap Estimation

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