ULU SEGAMA MALUA SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJECT - AN APPROACH OF WILDLIFE HABITAT REHABILITATION IN SABAH Indra P Sunjoto ¹, Peter Lagan ², Albert M. Radin 3 and Samit Hj.Abd Sani 4 ABSTRACT The Ulu Segama Malua Sustainable Forest Management Project has the largest conce ntr ation of endan g e r e d wildlife species in Saba h. The main objective of the project is to conserve, protect, manage and utilise the forest resources, while ensuring that the productive capacity of the forests for both goods and services is maintaine d and enhanced. About 67 % of the project area is covered by degraded forests caused by forest fires and bad harvesting practices. Most of the endangered wildlife is concentrated in the degraded forest. This is because the terrain is low- lying and relatively flat, the soil is rich in minerals, food is readily available and a phenomenon that is termed as “geographically trapped”. Currently, several forest management activities such as silviculture, forest restoration, wildlife monitoring and resource protection are being implemented to avoid habitat frag m e n t atio n and habitat loss. Key w or d s: conce ntr ation of endan g e r e d wildlife species, conserv atio n, degrad e d forest, forest management. ¹ District Forestry Officer of Ulu Sega m a Malua ² Assistant District Forestry Officer, Deramakot 3 Mana g e r, Forest Mana g e m e n t Enterprise 4 Deputy Head of Forest Reso ur c e Mana g e m e n t Division Saba h Forestry Depart m e n t, Locke d Bag 68, 90009 Sand a k a n, Saba h, Malaysia. 1
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ULU SEGAMA MALUA SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJECT -AN APPROACH OF WILDLIFE HABITAT REHABILITATION IN SABAH
Indra P Sunjoto¹, Peter Lagan ², Albert M. Radin3 and Samit Hj.Abd Sani4
ABS T R A C T
Th e Ul u Se g a m a Ma l u a Su s t a i n a b l e Fo r e s t Ma n a g e m e n t Pr o j e c t ha s the lar g e s t
con c e n t r a t i o n of en d a n g e r e d wi l d l i f e sp e c i e s in Sa b a h . Th e ma i n obj e c t i v e of the pr o j e c t is to
con s e r v e , pro t e c t , ma n a g e an d uti l i s e the for e s t res o u r c e s , wh i l e en s u r i n g tha t the
pr o d u c t i v e ca p a c i t y of the for e s t s for bo t h go o d s an d se r v i c e s is ma i n t a i n e d an d en h a n c e d .
Ab o u t 67 % of the pro j e c t ar e a is co v e r e d by de g r a d e d for e s t s ca u s e d by for e s t fi r e s an d
ba d ha r v e s t i n g pr a c t i c e s . Mo s t of the en d a n g e r e d wi l d l i f e is con c e n t r a t e d in the de g r a d e d
for e s t . Th i s is be c a u s e the ter r a i n is low- lyi n g an d rel a t i v e l y fla t, the soi l is ric h in mi n e r a l s ,
foo d is rea d i l y av a i l a b l e an d a ph e n o m e n o n tha t is ter m e d as “geo g r a p h i c a l l y tra p p e d”.
Cu r r e n t l y , se v e r a l for e s t ma n a g e m e n t ac t i v i t i e s su c h as sil v i c u l t u r e , for e s t res t o r a t i o n ,
wi l d l i f e mo n i t o r i n g an d res o u r c e pro t e c t i o n are bei n g imp l e m e n t e d to av o i d ha b i t a t
fra g m e n t a t i o n an d ha b i t a t los s .
Ke y w o r d s : con c e n t r a t i o n of en d a n g e r e d wi l d l i f e sp e c i e s , con s e r v a t i o n , de g r a d e d for e s t ,
for e s t ma n a g e m e n t .
¹ Di s t r i c t Fo r e s t r y Of f i c e r of Ul u Se g a m a Ma l u a
² As s i s t a n t Di s t r i c t Fo r e s t r y Of f i c e r , De r a m a k o t 3 Ma n a g e r , Fo r e s t Ma n a g e m e n t En t e r p r i s e 4 De p u t y He a d of Fo r e s t Re s o u r c e Ma n a g e m e n t Di v i s i o n
Sa b a h Fo r e s t r y De p a r t m e n t , Lo c k e d Ba g 68, 90009 Sa n d a k a n , Sa b a h , Ma l a y s i a .
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Th e Ul u Se g a m a- Ma l u a Su s t a i n a b l e Fo r e s t Ma n a g e m e n t Pr o j e c t (USM- SFM P), wh i c h
co v e r s an are a of 24 1 ,0 98 ha, wa s ini t i a t e d by the St a t e G o v e r n m e n t of Sa b a h to be
joi n t l y ma n a g e d by the Sa b a h Fo r e s t r y De p a r t m e n t (SFD) an d Ya y a s a n Sa b a h (YS)
for con s e r v a t i o n an d reh a b i l i t a t i o n of ha b i t a t for en d a n g e r e d wi l d l i f e . Th i s pr o j e c t wa s
lau n c h e d on the 15 th Ma r c h 2006, an o t h e r m i l e s t o n e of po l i t i c a l com m i t m e n t by the
St a t e Go v e r n m e n t of Sa b a h tow a r d s pr o t e c t i n g , co n s e r v i n g an d res t o r i n g thi s vi t a l
eco s y s t e m wh i c h ho l d s the lar g e s t con c e n t r a t i o n of en d a n g e r e d wi l d l i f e , no t a b l y the
or a n g ut a n , in Sa b a h .
What is so special about USM-SFMP?
(a) Richness in Biodiversity
Th i s are a is as t o u n d i n g l y ri ch in bi o d i v e r s i t y , an d hom e to ap p r o x i m a t e l y 4,500
or a n g ut a n s or 35 % of Sa b a h ’ s or a n g ut a n po p u l a t i o n . Th e for e s t ha b i t a t lie s in
the low l a n d s an d bas e d on rec e n t wi l d l i f e su r v e y s , ha s the hig h e s t
con c e n t r a t i o n of or a n g ut a n s on the Is l a n d of Bo r n e o (Ancr e n a z , 2007). It is
al s o the ho m e ran g e of the Sum a t r a n rhi n o , Bo r n e o n pyg m y el e p h a n t ,
tem b a d a u (wild ca t t l e), Cl o u d e d leo p a r d , Ho n e y be a r an d Bo r n e a n gi b b o n .
(b) High Conservation Value Forests (HCVF)
Th e low l a n d di p t e r o c a r p for e s t of US M SF M P is pe r h a p s the ri ch e s t an d mo s t
bi o- di v e r s e for e s t in Sa b a h . It al s o ac t s as a ‘bu f f e r ’ for the wo r l d fam o u s
Da n u m Va l l e y Co n s e r v a t i o n Ar e a (DVC A) an d is pa r t of a ‘wi l d l i f e co r r i d o r ’ tha t
lin k s the DV C A wi t h the Ma l i a u Ba s i n Co n s e r v a t i o n Ar e a . US M- SFM P are a
al s o for m s pa r t of the “Hea r t of Bo r n e o” (HoB).
(c) Adding value to the forest timber resources through proper management and forest certification.
Th i s is an ex p a n s i o n pr o g r a m of sou n d for e s t ma n a g e m e n t us i n g De r a m a k o t
as the be n c h m a r k , wh i c h has be e n ce r t i f i e d un d e r the Fo r e s t St e w a r d s h i p
Co u n c i l (FSC). It is en v i s a g e d tha t thi s ar e a , wh e n cer t i f i e d , wi l l ad d val u e or
pr e m i u m to its tim b e r res o u r c e s , on c e the pro d u c t i o n are a bec o m e s pr o d u c t i v e
in 30 to 40 ye a r s .
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Th e US M SFM P wh i c h is 24 1 , 098 ha in si z e , co n s i s t s of thr e e (3) cla s s e s of for e s t
res e r v e , as de s c r i b e d in Ta b l e 1. It is loc a t e d at the so u t h ea s t e r n pa r t of Sa b a h ,
si t u a t e d be t w e e n the lon g i t u d e of E 1 1 6 º 28’ an d E 1 1 8 º 14 an d lat i t u d e N 4 º 14’ an d N
5 º 18’ (Figu r e 1).
Ta b l e 1: Fo r e s t res e r v e s wi t h i n US M SF M P are a .
NoName of Forest
Reserve
Class of Forest
ReserveFunction Area (Ha)
1 Ul u Se g a m a II P r o d u c t i o n 202,8562 Ma l u a II P r o d u c t i o n 33,9693 Ka w a g Gi b o n g
VIVi r g i n Ju n g l e
Re s e r v e707
4 Me r i s u l iV I
Vi r g i n Ju n g l e Re s e r v e
552
5 Se p a g a y aVI
Vi r g i n Ju n g l e Re s e r v e
2,3 1 6
6 Sa p a g a y a I Pr o t e c t i o n 698Total 241,098
Fi g u r e 1: Lo c a t i o n of US M SFM P are a
Th e US M SFM P is pa r t of the Ya y a s a n Sa b a h Co n c e s s i o n are a s . In 1999 , it wa s
ha n d e d ove r to Be n t a W a w a s a n Sd n . Bh d . (a wh o l l y- ow n e d su b s i d i a r y of Inn o p r i s e
Co r p o r a t i o n Sd n . Bh d . f o r Ind u s t r i a l Tr e e Pl a n t a t i o n (ITP) dev e l o p m e n t . Ho w e v e r , the r e
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wa s gr o w i n g con c e r n fro m the ge n e r a l pu b l i c on the imp a c t of for e s t co n v e r s i o n
esp e c i a l l y on ora n g ut a n s . As a res u l t , the Sa b a h St a t e Go v e r n m e n t rev e r t e d the ITP
ar e a s to Na t u r a l Fo r e s t Ma n a g e m e n t (NFM) sta t u s in Oc t o b e r 2003. In Ma r c h 2006,
the ar e a wa s de c l a r e d to be ma n a g e d un d e r Su s t a i n a b l e Fo r e s t Ma n a g e m e n t foc u s i n g
on or a n g ut a n co n s e r v a t i o n .
2.0 MANAGEMENT STATUS
A Fo r e s t Ma n a g e m e n t Pl a n n i n g Te a m (FMP T) com p r i s i n g the Sa b a h Fo r e s t r y
De p a r t m e n t , Ya y a s a n Sa b a h , Sa b a h Wi l d l i f e De p a r t m e n t an d pro m i n e n t NG O s suc h
as Wo r l d w i d e Fu n d of Na t u r e (WWF), HU T A N (a No n Go v e r n m e n t Or g a n i z a t i o n for
ora n g ut a n con s e r v a t i o n), Sa b a h So c i e t y an d PA C O S (Par t n e r of Com m u n i t y
Or g a n i z a t i o n s), wa s for m e d to sp e a r h e a d the dev e l o p m e n t an d ma n a g e m e n t of the
pro j e c t ar e a .
Th e com m i t m e n t of the var i o u s sta k e h o l d e r s saw the fru i t i o n of the Fo r e s t
Ma n a g e m e n t Pl a n (FMP), wh i c h wa s ap p r o v e d by the Di r e c t o r of Fo r e s t r y an d
imp l e m e n t e d wi t h ef f e c t fro m 1 st Jan u a r y 2008 to 31 st De c e m b e r 20 1 7 . Th e int e n t of
thi s 10- yea r Fo r e s t Ma n a g e m e n t Pl a n is to ma n a g e the for e s t eco s y s t e m or eco l o g i c a l
res o u r c e s an d for e s t se r v i c e s wi t h i n the US M- SF M P are a on a su s t a i n a b l e ba s i s ,
wh i c h op t i m i s e s the eco n o m i c ret u r n s , an d ad d r e s s e s the so c i a l an d env i r o n m e n t a l
iss u e s . Th i s pl a n wi l l be rev i s e d ev e r y ten (10) yea r s .
3.0 MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES
3.1 Overall objective
Th e ma i n obj e c t i v e of the US M SFM P is to im p l e m e n t ac t i v i t i e s tow a r d s
co n s e r v a t i o n , pr o t e c t i o n , ma n a g e m e n t an d uti l i s a t i o n of for e s t res o u r c e s , wh i l e
en s u r i n g tha t the pro d u c t i v e ca p a c i t y of the for e s t s for bo t h go o d s an d se r v i c e s is
ma i n t a i n e d or en h a n c e d .
3.2 Specific objectives
Th e sp e c i f i c ma n a g e m e n t obj e c t i v e s ar e as fol l o w s :-
(a) Fauna Resources
(i) De s i g n a t i n g , pro t e c t i n g an d se c u r i n g sp e c i a l co n s e r v a t i o n/m a n a g e m e n t
are a s for or a n g ut a n s , Bo r n e a n pyg m y el e p h a n t , Su m a t r a n rhi n o s ,
tem b a d a u (wild ca t t l e) an d ot h e r sp e c i f i c wi l d l i f e sp e c i e s or ha b i t a t s .
(ii) De v e l o p i n g spe c i f i c str a t e g i e s to ma n a g e an d/or res t o r e de g r a d e d are a in
ord e r to pr o v i d e di v e r s e an d pro d u c t i v e wi l d l i f e ha b i t a t s an d ha b i t a t
com p o n e n t s .
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(iii) To pro t e c t sp e c i e s of spe c i a l con c e r n (oran g ut a n , Bo r n e o n py g m y
el e p h a n t , Su m a t r a n rhi n o an d tem b a d a u) an d pr o m o t e the i r rec o v e r y to
vi a b l e lev e l s .
(iv) To pro m o t e the wi s e us e of wi l d l i f e res o u r c e s to pro v i d e rec r e a t i o n a l ,
ae s t h e t i c an d ec o n o m i c be n e f i t s to the St a t e of Sa b a h .
(b) Floral Resources
(i) To pr o v i d e an d imp r o v e ha b i t a t for a di v e r s i t y of flo r a tha t rep r e s e n t s
som e of the ric h e s t st a n d s of Di p t e r o c a r p for e s t s in Sa b a h an d ot h e r
na t i v e wi l d pl a n t s an d pla n t com m u n i t i e s
(ii) To pro t e c t lis t e d en d a n g e r e d pl a n t sp e c i e s an d ha b i t a t s cr i t i c a l to the i r
su r v i v a l .
(c) Water Resources
(i) To pr o t e c t an d en h a n c e wa t e r res o u r c e s of Sg. Se g a m a an d Sg.
Ki n a b a t a n g a n .
(ii) To ma n a g e wa t e r res o u r c e s for ‘in-st r e a m ’ va l u e s an d fun c t i o n s su c h as
rec r e a t i o n , ae s t h e t i c enj o y m e n t an d ha b i t a t for aq u a t i c eco s y s t e m .
(d) Ecological (HCVF – High Conservation Value Forest)
(i) Co n s e r v i n g an d en h a n c i n g the bio l o g i c a l di v e r s i t y .
(ii) To pro t e c t ar e a s of sce n i c , hi s t o r i c , ge o l o g i c or ec o l o g i c a l si g n i f i c a n c e
thr o u g h the es t a b l i s h m e n t of na t u r a l ar e a s tha t wi l l rem a i n in an
un d i s t u r b e d sta t e , wi t h de v e l o p m e n t an d ma i n t e n a n c e bei n g lim i t e d to
tha t req u i r e d for pu b l i c he a l t h an d sa f e t y .
(iii) To ma i n t a i n an d res t o r e the ful l ar r a y of eco l o g i c a l fun c t i o n s wi t h i n an d
su r r o u n d i n g the US M SF M P are a , thr o u g h ma i n t a i n i n g an d res t o r i n g
for e s t co n n e c t i v i t y .
(iv) To exp l o r e of f s e t s an d tra d a b l e cr e d i t s as s o c i a t e d wi t h ca r b o n em i s s i o n s
an d bi o d i v e r s i t y bo t h fro m an ec o l o g i c a l an d so c i a l pe r s p e c t i v e .
(e) Recreation/ecotourism
(i) To pro v i d e he a l t h f u l , low de n s i t y rec r e a t i o n a l/e c o t o u r i s m op p o r t u n i t i e s
tha t are com p a t i b l e wi t h ma i n t a i n i n g the int e g r i t y of ec o s y s t e m .
(ii) De v e l o p i n g an d imp l e m e n t i n g coo r d i n a t e d rec r e a t i o n/e c o t o u r i s m
st r a t e g i e s .
(iii) To co- op e r a t e wi t h rel e v a n t st a t e ag e n c i e s in the pro m o t i o n of low
de n s i t y , eco l o g i c a l l y so u n d na t u r e tou r i s m op p o r t u n i t i e s as s o c i a t e d in
US M .
(f) Timber Resources
(i) To ma n a g e tim b e r res o u r c e s bas e d on the SFM con c e p t in ord e r to
pro v i d e su s t a i n a b l e eco n o m i c an d so c i a l be n e f i t s .
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(ii) To de t e r m i n e ap p r o p r i a t e an d su s t a i n a b l e tim b e r ha r v e s t sys t e m s , rul e s
an d lev e l s .
(iii) To ca r r y ou t for e s t reh a b i l i t a t i o n an d si l v i c u l t u r a l tre a t m e n t s tha t bu i l d up
an d su s t a i n pro d u c t i o n of hi g h va l u e tim b e r res o u r c e s .
(g) Research
(i) To str a t e g i s e an d pro m o t e res e a r c h pr o g r a m m e in US M in co o p e r a t i o n
wi t h the ex i s t i n g Da n u m Va l l e y Fi e l d Ce n t r e res e a r c h pro g r a m m e an d to
ma k e ava i l a b l e al l inf o r m a t i o n on for e s t res o u r c e s an d eco s y s t e m
ma n a g e m e n t .
(h) Carbon Sequestration
(i) To reh a b i l i t a t e de g r a d e d ar e a s for ca r b o n seq u e s t r a t i o n to com b a t
gl o b a l wa r m i n g .
(ii) To see k wa y s in wh i c h sup p l e m e n t a r y fun d s for ma n a g e m e n t an d
reh a b i l i t a t i o n of US M mi g h t be acq u i r e d thr o u g h its re d u c e d em i s s i o n
de f o r e s t a t i o n an d de g r a d a t i o n (RED D) an d ca r b o n se q u e s t r a t i o n .
(j) Biodiversity Credits
(i) To ex p l o r e the pos s i b i l i t i e s of ma r k e t i n g bi o d i v e r s i t y cr e d i t s sy s t e m in
co l l a b o r a t i o n wi t h ot h e r int e r e s t e d pa r t n e r(s).
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4.0 FOREST RESOURCE BASE
Th e dom i n a n t veg e t a t i o n co v e r of US M SF M P are a is Low l a n d M i x e d Di p t e r o c a r p
Fo r e s t . Alm o s t 60 % of the pr o j e c t ar e a is co v e r e d by thi s typ e of for e s t wh e r e b y , 60%
of the ba s a l ar e a an d 30 % of the to t a l tre e de n s i t y are rep r e s e n t e d by tre e s bel o n g i n g
to the Dipterocarpaceae fam i l y . Th e se c o n d lar g e s t for e s t typ e is Ul t r a m a f i c Fo r e s t
wh i c h is com m o n l y fou n d in the sur r o u n d i n g Da n u m Va l l e y , VJ R Se p a g a y a an d the
sou t h e r n pa r t of US M SFM P ar e a . Th e s e are a s are pr e d o m i n a n t l y ma d e up of rid g e s ,
st e e p l y di s s e c t e d sl o p e s (mor e tha n 25 º) and val l e y s . In the no r t h e r n pa r t of Ul u
Se g a m a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e , wh i c h wa s an n i h i l a t e d by for e s t fir e s du r i n g the dro u g h t of
1983 an d 1998 , the mo s t com m o n veg e t a t i o n is wi l d gi n g e r , tho r n y vi n e s , cli m b i n g
ba m b o o s , sh r u b s an d se c o n d a r y for e s t .
4.1 Forest Stratification
Sa t e l l i t e ima g e r y tak e n in 2006 (SPO T Im a g e), is use d to st r a t i f y the en t i r e US M
SFM P are a as ind i c a t e d in Ta b l e 2. Th e cr i t e r i o n use d for str a t i f i c a t i o n is ba s e d
on the num b e r of tre e s 40 cm db h as int e r p r e t e d fro m cro w n siz e. Ab o u t≥
160,96 7 ha or 67 % of US M SF M P ar e a is cl a s s i f i e d as ‘ver y po o r ’ for e s t , ‘goo d’
for e s t ab o u t 5% (13, 1 5 8 ha), ‘mod e r a t e ’ for e s t , 6% (16,607 ha) an d ‘poo r ’ for e s t
the rem a i n i n g 6% (11,8 1 5 ha). Re f e r Fi g u r e 2.
Ta b l e 2: Fo r e s t st r a t i f i c a t i o n of US M SFM P ar e a
Stratum DescriptionAvg # of trees/ha
(>40cm dbh)
Volume (m³/ha) Area (ha) %
St r a t u m 1 Go o d for e s t 40 220 13, 1 5 8 5.1 2St r a t u m 2 Mo d e r a t e
fo r e s t30 1 1 0 16,607 6.1 2
St r a t u m 3 Po o r fo r e s t 24 70 1 1 , 8 1 5 5.86St r a t u m 4 Ve r y po o r
fo r e s t10 20 160,96 7 66.84
Se c o n d a r y Fo r e s t
37,677 15.66
Fo r e s t Pl a n t a t i o n
Ta l i w a s Pl a n t a t i o n Ar e a
100 0.05
Ill e g a l oi l pa l m
655 0.22
Cl e a r e d ar e a Ex log g i n g cam p
1 1 9 0.04
TOTAL 241,098 100
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Fi g u r e 2: Ma p of for e s t st r a t i f i c a t i o n of US M SFM P ar e a
4.2 Forest Zoning
Th e US M SFM P are a is di v i d e d int o 426 com p a r t m e n t s of ma n a g e a b l e siz e s
(500 – 600 ha) ac c o r d i n g to the thr e e (3) ma i n for e s t fun c t i o n s , tha t is,
pr o t e c t i o n , con s e r v a t i o n an d pr o d u c t i o n . Th e rel e v a n t for e s t fun c t i o n is
pr e s c r i b e d to eac h com p a r t m e n t ba s e d on si t e de g r a d a t i o n ri s k s , ac t u a l gr o w i n g
st o c k , Hi g h Co n s e r v a t i o n Va l u e s (HCV s) – wa t e r s h e d , en d a n g e r e d flo r a an d
fau n a spe c i e s . Re f e r Fi g u r e 3.
Th e thr e e (3) for e s t fun c t i o n s wi t h the co r r e s p o n d i n g com p a r t m e n t s in US M
SFM P ar e a are:
(i) Protection• 1 1 com p a r t m e n t s .
• 4,274 ha (2%).
• To t a l l y Pr o t e c t e d Ar e a , de f i n e d by law (Prot e c t i o n Fo r e s t Re s e r v e
-Cl a s s I an d Vi r g i n Ju n g l e Re s e r v e - Cl a s s VI); pr i m a r i l y for the
pu r p o s e of ma i n t a i n i n g for e s t for pr o t e c t i o n of ec o s y s t e m se r v i c e s ,
no t a b l y wa t e r , so i l an d wi l d l i f e sa n c t u a r y .
(ii) Conservation• 160 com p a r t m e n t s
• 87,235 ha (36%)
• Sl o p e s >25 ° for pro t e c t i o n of wa t e r res o u r c e s ; sl o p e s <25 ° for HC V F s
su c h as ora n g ut a n an d ot h e r en d a n g e r e d wi l d l i f e spe c i e s .
8
(iii) Production• 255 com p a r t m e n t s
• 149,5 89 ha (62%)
• Sl o p e s <25 ° bu t no t cr i t i c a l un d e r HC V F if m a n a g e d for tim b e r
pr o d u c t i o n em p l o y i n g RI L (Red u c e Im p a c t Lo g g i n g) me t h o d s .
Fi g u r e 3: Fo r e s t zon i n g in US M SFM P ar e a
5.0 WILDLIFE RESOURCES
USM SF M P ar e a for m s pa r t of a mu c h lar g e r ex p a n s e of the low l a n d m i x e d
Di p t e r o c a r p for e s t wh i c h dom i n a t e s the Ea s t e r n Sa b a h lan d s c a p e . It ho l d s the lar g e s t
nu m b e r of lar g e ma m m a l fau n a in Bo r n e o , a res u l t a n t of a onc e ri ch wi l d l i f e ha b i t a t
wh e r e the so i l is ri ch in m i n e r a l s (Mar s h , 1995). Th i s for e s t co n s t i t u t e s pa r t of the
lar g e s t rem a i n i n g un f r a g m e n t e d for e s t in Sa b a h wi t h the lar g e s t po p u l a t i o n of ora n g
ut a n s (Ancr e n a z et. al, 2005).
Th e are a wa s log g e d rep e a t e d l y si n c e the 1 9 6 0 s ’ un t i l De c e m b e r 2007. Th e for e s t
str u c t u r e an d ca p a c i t y ha v e be e n dra s t i c a l l y al t e r e d , wh i c h ha s adv e r s e l y af f e c t e d
wi l d l i f e be c a u s e of ha b i t a t fra g m e n t a t i o n an d sca r c i t y of foo d .
A rap i d as s e s s m e n t (expe d i t i o n s , pe r m a n e n t tra n s e c t su r v e y s an d ae r i a l or a n g ut a n
ne s t cen s u s) of ga t h e r i n g inf o r m a t i o n on wi l d l i f e wa s joi n t l y co n d u c t e d by the Sa b a h
Fo r e s t r y De p a r t m e n t , Ya y a s a n Sa b a h , Sa b a h W i l d l i f e De p a r t m e n t , WW F (Mal a y s i a)
an d HU T A N . Th i s inf o r m a t i o n is inc o r p o r a t e d in the FM P for wi l d l i f e ma n a g e m e n t .
9
Th e r e are two (2) key en d a n g e r e d ma m m a l i a n sp e c i e s com m o n l y fou n d . Th e y ar e the
or a n g ut a n (Pongo pygmaeus morio) and the Bo r n e a n pyg m y el e p h a n t (Elephas maximus borneensis). Th e ot h e r thr e e (3) wh i c h are ra r e an d hav e be e n si g h t e d ar e
the Te m b a d a u (Bos javanicus), the Sum a t r a n rhi n o c e r o s (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni) and the Cl o u d e d leo p a r d (Neofelis diardi).
5.1 Status of orang utan
Ba s e d on ae r i a l ne s t cen s u s an d gr o u n d tra n s e c t su r v e y s by SF D an d HU T A N , the
es t i m a t e d nu m b e r of or a n g ut a n is ab o u t 2,600 ind i v i d u a l s (Ancr e a n z et al, 2007). Th e
di s t r i b u t i o n of or a n g ut a n is ill u s t r a t e d in Fi g u r e 4. Or a n g ut a n s are wi d e s p r e a d an d
ca n be fou n d thr o u g h o u t the for e s t of US M SF M P . Th o u g h the i r nu m b e r s ha s dw i n d l e d
in the ea s t e r n mo s t pa r t of the ar e a , or a n g ut a n de n s i t i e s are no t eve n l y di s t r i b u t e d
wi t h i n the are a , wh e r e the ge n e r a l pa t t e r n of inc r e a s i n g de n s i t i e s is fro m ea s t to we s t
of the US M SF M P are a . Th e de n s i t y of or a n g ut a n is illu s t r a t e d in Fi g u r e 5.
Th e di s t r i b u t i o n an d ab u n d a n c e of or a n g ut a n wi t h i n the US M SF M P are a ar e
inf l u e n c e d by the fol l o w i n g fac t o r s :-
(i) Presence of large rivers
Th e ex i s t e n c e of lar g e wa t e r bo d i e s pre v e n t s the m i g r a t i o n of or a n g ut a n . At
the no r t h e r n pa r t of Ul u Se g a m a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e , the Se g a m a Ri v e r ha s
com p l e t e l y iso l a t e d a sub po p u l a t i o n of ora n g ut a n fro m the ma i n bo d y of the
res e r v e . Th e ri ve r is far too wi d e to al l o w for ora n g ut a n cro s s i n g s . Ec o l o g i c a l l y ,
ora n g ut a n s can n o t sw i m . It is es t i m a t e d tha t ab o u t 180 – 200 ind i v i d u a l s are
iso l a t e d .
(ii) Unsuitable soils and habitat types
Fo r e s t s on Ul t r a ba s i c so i l s or Ul t r a m a f i c for e s t s do no t su s t a i n a vi a b l e
po p u l a t i o n of or a n g ut a n du e to sca r c i t y of foo d so u r c e . Th i s is sup p o r t e d by
gro u n d tra n s e c t su r v e y s .
(iii) Altitude
Or a n g ut a n s pre f e r the low l a n d mi x e d di p t e r o c a r p for e s t , sw a m p for e s t an d
for e s t s bel o w 200 m el e v a t i o n or al t i t u d e . In the US M SF M P are a , the tre n d of
di s t r i b u t i o n ind i c a t e s ab n o r m a l de n s i t y ve r s u s al t i t u d e du e to log g i n g an d lan d
co n v e r s i o n , res u l t i n g in a for c e d mi g r a t i o n of ora n g ut a n s int o the les s pre f e r r e d
hi g h e r al t i t u d e for e s t s . Th i s ph e n o m e n o n wa s obs e r v e d at the sou t h we s t of
Ul u Se g a m a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e .
Fi g u r e 4: Di s t r i b u t i o n of or a n g ut a n po p u l a t i o n in US M SFM P ar e a
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1 1
Fi g u r e 5: Or a n g ut a n po p u l a t i o n de n s i t y wi t h i n US M SFM P ar e a
Th e ma j o r thr e a t s of ora n g ut a n s wi t h i n the US M SF M P are a ar e:
(a) Habitat over-exploitation and destruction of major food sources
Co n s i d e r a b l e am o u n t of the ma j o r foo d sou r c e s of or a n g ut a n s are
ha r v e s t e d or dam a g e d du r i n g log g i n g op e r a t i o n s , wh i c h saw a rap i d de c l i n e
of res i d e n t po p u l a t i o n s , es p e c i a l l y in the no r t h e r n pa r t of Ul u Se g a m a
Fo r e s t Re s e r v e . Th e s e he a v i l y de g r a d e d for e s t s ar e st i l l ho m e to a
si g n i f i c a n t nu m b e r of or a n g ut a n s an d ob s e r v a t i o n s ind i c a t e tha t pi o n e e r
sp e c i e s , su c h as La r a n (Anthocephalus chinensis) are ke y foo d so u r c e s of
ora n g ut a n . Re f e r Fi g u r e 6.
(b) Habitat fragmentation resulting in isolated sub-populations
Re m o v i n g lar g e rip a r i a n tre e s alo n g riv e r ba n k s of ma j o r riv e r s an d
tri b u t a r i e s wi l l res u l t in the rem o v a l of na t u r a l br i d g e s for m e d by lar g e
bra n c h e s , wh i c h ar e us e d by or a n g ut a n s to m i g r a t e fro m on e ha b i t a t to the
ot h e r . Th i s wi l l eve n t u a l l y cr e a t e iso l a t i o n of su b- po p u l a t i o n s on ei t h e r si d e
of the ri ve r . Th e dec r e a s e in si z e of a su b- po p u l a t i o n wi l l di s r u p t pr o p e r
ge n e flow an d wi l l inc r e a s e po p u l a t i o n sen s i t i v i t y to na t u r a l ca t a s t r o p h e s
su c h as in-bre e d i n g , res u l t i n g in a hig h ri s k of loc a l ex t i n c t i o n .
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Fi g u r e 6: La r a n (Anthocephalus chinensis) is a ke y foo d sou r c e for ora n g uta n at de g r a d e d an d se c o n d a r y for e s t .
5.2 Status of Bornean pygmy elephant.
Bo r n e a n pyg m y ele p h a n t s ar e wi d e s p r e a d con c e n t r a t i n g mo s t l y in the ma j o r
va l l e y s of the cen t r a l pa r t of Ul u Se g a m a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e (betw e e n Bo l e Ri v e r
an d Ka w a g Ri v e r), the sou t h e r n ba n k of the Se g a m a Ri v e r in the no r t h e r n pa r t of
Ul u Se g a m a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e an d the fla t ar e a s of Ma l u a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e . Th e y
avo i d st e e p ar e a s an d ma i n t a i n the wi d e s t ra n g e of al l lar g e ma m m a l s . Re f e r
Fi g u r e 7.
In co n t r a s t to ot h e r ma m m a l s tha t ar e imp a c t e d by for e s t ex p l o i t a t i o n an d
de g r a d a t i o n , el e p h a n t s see m to thr i v e in ex p l o i t e d for e s t s , tak i n g ad v a n t a g e of
op e n gr a z i n g are a s an d log g i n g roa d ne t w o r k s . Ho w e v e r , log g i n g roa d s do ha v e
an imp a c t on el e p h a n t , es p e c i a l l y the lou d an d di s r u p t i v e roa d tra f f i c wh i c h hav e
int e r r u p t e d an d del a y e d fee d i n g se s s i o n s , for c i n g so l i t a r y an i m a l s to mo v e
de e p e r int o the for e s t .
Th e es t i m a t e d po p u l a t i o n is ab o u t 250 ind i v i d u a l s , wi t h a 30 km ² hom e ran g e .
Th e y mo v e in a he r d co n s i s t i n g of 30 – 45 ind i v i d u a l s . Th i s he r d is fur t h e r
sep a r a t e d int o sm a l l e r he r d s of 7 – 8 ind i v i d u a l s wh i c h sha r e the sam e ho m e
ran g e . It tak e s ab o u t 6 mo n t h s for the ele p h a n t s to co v e r the i r hom e ran g e
for a g i n g for foo d . Th e i r m o v e m e n t is al s o gov e r n e d by the av a i l a b i l i t y of wa t e r
sou r c e s (Alfr e d, Kh e e an d Ko h , 2007).
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Fi g u r e 7: Th e ho m e ran g e of Bo r n e a n py g m y ele p h a n t s in US M SFM P ar e a
A ma j o r thr e a t to the Bo r n e a n pyg m y el e p h a n t s is ha b i t a t los s thr o u g h lan d
con v e r s i o n , no t a b l y ag r i c u l t u r e . Th e oi l pa l m pla n t a t i o n s tha t su r r o u n d s the
pr o j e c t ar e a has br o u g h t ab o u t hum a n- ani m a l co n f l i c t . Th e ki l l i n g of an el e p h a n t
wa s rec o r d e d in 2007 af t e r it ha d cau s e d ex t e n s i v e dam a g e to an oi l pa l m
pla n t a t i o n adj a c e n t to the pro j e c t are a .
Fi g u r e 8: El e p h a n t- hu m a n con f l i c t ca u s e inc i d e n t of ille g a l kil l i n g in 2007.
14
5.3 Status of tembadau (wild cattle) and Sumatran rhinoceros.
Te m b a d a u or ba n t e n g (Bos javanicus) is on e of the ke y pro t e c t e d spe c i e s .
Inf o r m a t i o n on the tem b a d a u in the pro j e c t ar e a is sti l l lim i t e d . Ba s e d on
si g h t i n g s an d cam e r a tra p p i n g s , tem b a d a u pre f e r the fla t ar e a s , riv e r va l l e y s an d
the ge n t l y un d u l a t i n g hi l l s . Ma l u a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e hol d s the lar g e s t con c e n t r a t i o n
of tem b a d a u . Fi g u r e 9 sho w s the hom e ran g e of tem b a d a u s in Ma l u a Fo r e s t
Re s e r v e . It is es t i m a t e d tha t the r e are 20 res i d e n t ind i v i d u a l s in Ma l u a Fo r e s t
Re s e r v e , mo v i n g in he r d s of 3 to 5 ind i v i d u a l s . Te m b a d a u s ar e gra z e r s an d see n
to thr i v e in de g r a d e d for e s t s wh e r e the r e ar e op e n gr a s s y ar e a s an d al s o use the
log g i n g roa d ne t w o r k to for a g e . Te m b a d a u s unl i k e el e p h a n t s , are hu n t e d dow n
by po a c h e r s , an d are hig h l y sen s i t i v e to hu m a n pre s e n c e an d di s t u r b a n c e .
Fi e l d su r v e y s rev e a l e d tha t on l y the no r t h e r n pa r t of Ma l u a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e sh o w
sig n s of the pr e s e n c e of a Sum a t r a n rhi n o c e r o s (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harissoni). Po a c h i n g an d ha b i t a t los s ar e the tw o ma i n thr e a t s to the Sum a t r a n
rhi n o c e r o s in the US M SFM P ar e a .
Fi g u r e 9: Te m b a d a u hom e ran g e in US M SF M P ar e a
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Fi g u r e 10: Ca m e r a tra p p i n g of Te m b a d a u s in Ma l u a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e
6.0 MANAGEMENT INTERVENTION
Si n c e the inc e p t i o n of the pr o j e c t in Ma r c h 2006, se v e r a l for e s t ma n a g e m e n t ac t i v i t i e s
ha v e be e n ag g r e s s i v e l y imp l e m e n t e d . Th e s e ac t i v i t i e s are sil v i c u l t u r e tre a t m e n t , for e s t
res t o r a t i o n , for e s t pro t e c t i o n , wi l d l i f e mo n i t o r i n g an d inf r a s t r u c t u r e de v e l o p m e n t .
6.1 Silviculture
Ti m b e r st a n d imp r o v e m e n t wh i c h is com m o n l y kn o w n as Si l v i c u l t u r e tre a t m e n t
cr e a t e s fav o u r a b l e co n d i t i o n s for gro w t h of the na t u r a l re g e n e r a t i o n s an d the
po t e n t i a l cr o p tre e s (PCT s) in pa r t i c u l a r , by rem o v i n g ov e r t o p p i n g or com p e t i n g
veg e t a t i o n , su c h as cl im b i n g bam b o o s an d wo o d y vi n e s . Th i s tre a t m e n t is
con f i n e d wi t h i n the pro d u c t i o n ar e a wh i c h fal l s un d e r st r a t a 2, 3 an d 4. Th e
tot a l ar e a to be tre a t e d is ab o u t 80,000 ha. Un d e r the fi rs t ten (10)-yea r
pl a n n i n g pe r i o d , the tar g e t are a is ab o u t 40,000 ha (4,000 ha pe r an n u m).
To da t e , ap p r o x i m a t e l y 10,000 ha of for e s t s ha v e be e n tre a t e d (Figu r e 1 1).
Th i s ac t i v i t y is ca r r i e d ou t by Ya y a s a n Sa b a h thr o u g h the i r ap p o i n t e d
con t r a c t o r at a co s t of RM 350.00 pe r ha. Re s u l t s fro m Pe r m a n e n t Sa m p l i n g
Pl o t s (PSP s) es t a b l i s h e d in the pr o j e c t are a ind i c a t e s a me a n an n u a l inc r e m e n t
of 0.8 cm to 1.2 cm. Th i s jus t i f i e s the ne e d for Si l v i c u l t u r e to be car r i e d ou t in
log g e d ove r for e s t s wh i c h en h a n c e s gro w t h an d imp r o v e s tim b e r st o c k i n g
qu a l i t y .
16
Fi g u r e 1 1 : Si l v i c u l t u r e tre a t m e n t are a si n c e yea r 2006
6.2 Forest Restoration
Th e foc u s of for e s t reh a b i l i t a t i o n in the fir s t 10- ye a r pl a n n i n g pe r i o d is in the
pr o d u c t i o n an d co n s e r v a t i o n ar e a s tha t is he a v i l y de g r a d e d an d vi r t u a l l y de v o i d
of tre e co v e r . Th e s e ar e a s are cl a s s i f i e d un d e r St r a t u m 4 (very po o r for e s t),
se c o n d a r y for e s t (shru b s an d he r b a c e o u s ve g e t a t i o n), an d the en c r o a c h e d
ar e a s wh i c h are pl a n t e d wi t h ille g a l oi l pa l m tot a l l i n g ab o u t 70,000 ha. It is
en v i s a g e d tha t the s e are a s wi l l on l y be pr o d u c t i v e in the ne x t 40 yea r s , if it is
lef t to reg e n e r a t e na t u r a l l y . It is for thi s rea s o n tha t pl a n t i n g wa s pla n n e d to
reh a b i l i t a t e 12,700 ha of the he a v i l y de g r a d e d for e s t (Tabl e 3).
Ta b l e 3: Ar e a s to be reh a b i l i t a t e d in US M SFM P ar e a (2008 -20 1 7)
Th e ul t i m a t e go a l s of for e s t reh a b i l i t a t i o n tha t is be i n g imp l e m e n t e d in the US M
SFM P ar e a are:
(i) Fo r Pr o d u c t i o n com p a r t m e n t s : to bu i l d up an d su s t a i n pr o d u c t i o n of hi g h
va l u e tim b e r res o u r c e s ;
(ii) Fo r Pr o t e c t i o n an d Co n s e r v a t i o n com p a r t m e n t s : to en h a n c e cr i t i c a l wi l d l i f e
ha b i t a t by im p r o v i n g di v e r s i t y , qu a l i t y an d ca p a c i t y of the for e s t s , in
pa r t i c u l a r ora n g ut a n ha b i t a t .
Th e tw o (2) typ e s of pl a n t i n g me t h o d is as de s c r i b e d in Ta b l e 4.
Ta b l e 4: Pl a n t i n g me t h o d us e d in US M SFM P are a bas e d on si t e sp e c i f i c .
Ve g e t a t i o n Co v e r Pl a n t i n g Me t h o d De s c r i p t i o nPo o r fo r e s t an d se c o n d a r y fo r e s t
Ga p Pl a n t i n g • Sp a c i n g : 12.5 m x 12.5 m• Ma x . nu m b e r of pla n t i n g po i n t/ha: 64• Num b e r of se e d l i n g s pe r po i n t : 4
se e d l i n g s pla n t e d in a cl u s t e r in the for m of “Y”
• Num b e r se e d l i n g s/h a : 256
• Sp e c i e s com p o s i t i o n : 50:50 of Di p t e r o c a r p vs no n Di p t e r o c a r p
• 100 % cut t i n g of wo o d y cl i m b e r s an d ve i n s
< 3 cm db h
He r b a c e o u s ve g e t a t i o n , sh r u b an d ex- ille g a l oil pa l m (encr o a c h e d are a s)
Op e n Pl a n t i n g • Sp a c i n g : 7.5 m x 7.5 m• Ma x . nu m b e r of pla n t i n g po i n t/ha: 178• Sin g l e pl a n t i n g , on e se e d l i n g pe r po i n t• Num b e r se e d l i n g s/h a : 178• Sp e c i e s com p o s i t i o n - 50:50 of pio n e e r vs
ot h e r ligh t de m a n d i n g spe c i e s (incl u s i v e wi l d fr u i t see d l i n g)
Ap p r o x i m a t e l y 700 ha wi t h i n the co n s e r v a t i o n an d pro t e c t i o n are a ha v e be e n
pla n t e d us i n g fun d s fro m do n o r s , as lis t e d in Ta b l e 5. Th e reh a b i l i t a t e d ar e a s
ar e sh o w n in Fi g u r e 12.
Ta b l e 5: Re h a b i l i t a t e d are a s in US M SF M P are a .
No Compartment #
Forest Function Area (ha) Contributor
1 105, 107 Co n s e r v a t i o n 600 Ya y a s a n Sa b a h2 109 Co n s e r v a t i o n 50 WW F (Mala y s i a)3 12 1 Pr o t e c t i o n 50 AR C U S Fo u n d a t i o n
TOTAL 700
Fr o m fie l d ex p e r i e n c e , the co s t of re h a b i l i t a t i o n is ab o u t RM 3,500.00 to RM
4,000.00 pe r ha. Th i s inc l u d e s si t e pr e p a r a t i o n , see d l i n g pr o c u r e m e n t , pl a n t i n g ,
fer t i l i s e r s an d ma i n t e n a n c e of pl a n t e d see d l i n g s ove r a pe r i o d of 4 yea r s .
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Fi g u r e 12: Re h a b i l i t a t e d com p a r t m e n t s in US M SF M P are a
6.3 Forest Protection
Th e US M SFM P are a is ga r g a n t u a n wh e r e ab o u t 75 % of its bo u n d a r y in the
no r t h , sou t h an d eas t , is sha r e d wi t h pr i v a t e lan d s an d oi l pa l m pla n t a t i o n s . It is
no t po r o u s in the we s t e r n pa r t be c a u s e it sha r e s the sam e bo u n d a r y wi t h
ad j a c e n t for e s t res e r v e s . Ne v e r t h e l e s s , the US M SFM P ar e a is sti l l ve r y
ac c e s s i b l e wi t h so ma n y roa d ne t w o r k s wh i c h ex p o s e s thi s for e s t en t i t y to
thr e a t s of en c r o a c h m e n t , po a c h i n g an d for e s t fir e s .
Co m m o n for e s t of f e n c e s tha t oc c u r s in the US M SF M P are a ar e:-
(a) Tr a d i t i o n a l tim b e r ha r v e s t i n g alo n g Se g a m a Ri v e r (rive r i n e fel l i n g by
vi l l a g e r s)
(b) Po a c h i n g
(c) En c r o a c h m e n t (oil pa l m cul t i v a t i o n)
(d) Ill e g a l en t r y ( Ga h a r u co l l e c t o r s an d pr o s p e c t o r s)
St r a t e g i e s tak e n to ove r c o m e the s e thr e a t s ar e:-
(i) Es t a b l i s h m e n t of se v e r a l gu a r d po s t s wh i c h ar e ma n n e d on a ful l tim e
ba s i s by the Ya y a s a n Sa b a h sta f f ;
(ii) Iss u a n c e of ga t e pa s s e s by Ya y a s a n Sa b a h an d mo n i t o r e d by SF D ;
(iii) Ins t a l l a t i o n of si g n b o a r d s at ma i n en t r y po i n t s ;
(iv) Gr o u n d pa t r o l by SF D an d Ya y a s a n Sa b a h En f o r c e m e n t st a f f s ;
(v) Mo n t h l y ae r i a l su r v e i l l a n c e for bo u n d a r y che c k s an d con t r o l ;
(vi) Ri v e r pa t r o l to mo n i t o r ille g a l fel l i n g al o n g the Se g a m a Ri v e r (rive r i n e
fel l i n g);
(vii) Cl o s i n g/b o t c h i n g of irre l e v a n t en t r y poi n t s to pre v e n t po a c h i n g ;
19
(viii) De s t r u c t i o n of ill e g a l oi l pa l m an d se t t l e m e n t wi t h i n the US M SFM P
ar e a ;
(ix) Co n s u l t a t i o n wi t h loc a l com m u n i t i e s res i d i n g dow n s t r e a m al o n g
Se g a m a Ri v e r ;
(x) En g a g i n g wi t h the pol i c e de p a r t m e n t for en f o r c e m e n t an d se c u r i t y as
we l l as con d u c t i n g joi n t en f o r c e m e n t wo r k wi t h the Sa b a h W i l d l i f e
De p a r t m e n t an d WW F pe r s o n n e l .
As a res u l t of thi s con t i n u o u s pr o t e c t i o n wo r k , 21 pe o p l e we r e ar r e s t e d an d
pe r s e c u t e d , an d se v e r a l eq u i p m e n t an d pr o d u c t s , con f i s c a t e d an d/or de s t r o y e d
(Tabl e 6).
Ta b l e 6: Th e ach i e v e m e n t of for e s t pro t e c t i o n (2006 – 2008)
No Item Note1 1845 pi e c e s of
con v e r t e d tim b e r (221.0 m ³)
Co n f i s c a t e d
2 21 pe o p l e Ar r e s t e d an d pr o s e c u t e d3 1 lor r y an d 2 veh i c l e s
pi c k upCo n f i s c a t e d
4 1 ex c a v a t o r Co n f i s c a t e d5 4 mo t o r c y c l e s Co n f i s c a t e d6 4 cha i n s a w s Co n f i s c a t e d7 2 bo a t s De s t r o y e d8 5 kg of ga h a r u Co n f i s c a t e d9 42 ho u s e s De s t r o y e d10 320 ha ille g a l oi l pa l m De s t r o y e d
6.4 Wildlife Monitoring
Ma j o r co n c e r n s reg a r d i n g Wi l d l i f e in the US M SF M P are a are as fol l o w s :-
(i) To se c u r e a lar g e an d vi a b l e po p u l a t i o n of or a n g ut a n wi t h i n the pr o j e c t
ar e a ;
(ii) Su s t a i n i n g the po p u l a t i o n of en d a n g e r e d an d pr o t e c t e d wi l d l i f e spe c i e s
wi t h i n the i r cu r r e n t ran g e , wi t h the int e n t i o n of inc r e a s i n g the i r
po p u l a t i o n ;
(iii) Pr o v i d i n g a se c u r e env i r o n m e n t so tha t al l wi l d l i f e wi l l fl ou r i s h ;
20
Se v e r a l ac t i v i t i e s ha v e be e n car r i e d ou t in ord e r to ad d r e s s thi s. Th e s e ar e:-
(a) Cr e a t i o n of se v e r a l pe r m a n e n t wi l d l i f e tra n s e c t s at ke y ar e a s an d col l e c t i n g
ba s e l i n e da t a ;
(b) Ae r i a l ne s t co u n t i n g to es t i m a t e po p u l a t i o n de n s i t i e s of ora n g ut a n s ;
(c) Mo n i t o r i n g the us a g e of tra i l s or co r r i d o r s at ke y ar e a s by the Bo r n e a n
pyg m y el e p h a n t s an d tem b a d a u ;
(d) Mo n i t o r i n g the imp o r t a n c e of na t u r a l sa l t lic k s for wi l d l i f e us i n g the cam e r a
tra p me t h o d ;
(e) Mo n i t o r i n g or a n g ut a n ne s t de c a y rat e for the pu r p o s e of fut u r e po p u l a t i o n
de n s i t y es t i m a t i o n ;
(f) Op p o r t u n i s t i c si g h t i n g s to de t e r m i n e sp e c i e s di s t r i b u t i o n of va r i o u s an i m a l
spe c i e s .
6.5 Yayasan Sabah Forest Rehabilitation Endeavour
Ya y a s a n Sa b a h thr o u g h its inv e s t m e n t arm , Inn o p r i s e Co r p o r a t i o n Sd n . Bh d .
an d the Fo r e s t Ab s o r b i n g Ca r b o n Di o x i d e Em i s s i o n s (FACE) Fo u n d a t i o n of the
Ne t h e r l a n d s , st a r t e d a for e s t reh a b i l i t a t i o n pr o g r a m m e in 1992 . Th i s pr o j e c t is
kno w n as the Inn o p r i s e – FA C E Ra i n f o r e s t Re h a b i l i t a t i o n Pr o j e c t (INFA P R O).
Th e ma i n ob j e c t i v e is to reh a b i l i t a t e 25,000 ha of de g r a d e d for e s t wi t h
ind i g e n o u s di p t e r o c a r p s an d ot h e r les s e r kno w n com m e r c i a l tim b e r sp e c i e s
thr o u g h en r i c h m e n t pl a n t i n g an d al s o ten d i n g of ex i s t i n g na t u r a l re g e n e r a t i o n .
Th e se c o n d a r y ob j e c t i v e is to of f s e t ca r b o n di o x i d e (CO 2 )emi s s i o n s pro d u c e d
du r i n g pow e r ge n e r a t i o n in the Ne t h e r l a n d s .
To da t e , ab o u t 5,895 ha of the de g r a d e d for e s t ha v e be e n res t o r e d an d 5,33 1
ha ten d e d (timb e r st a n d imp r o v e m e n t) wi t h i n Ul u Se g a m a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e . A
lot of exp e r i e n c e s hav e be e n gai n e d an d les s o n s lea r n t ove r the yea r s si n c e its
inc e p t i o n . Th i s inc l u d e s the dev e l o p m e n t of va r i o u s tec h n i c a l gu i d e l i n e s on the
op e r a t i o n a l lev e l , an d the sc i e n t i f i c kno w l e d g e gai n e d thr o u g h res e a r c h .
6.6 Forest Certification
It is pl a n n e d to ha v e the US M SFM P are a cer t i f i e d as a “wel l m a n a g e d ” for e s t
in (2) ye a r s tim e. A pre as s e s s m e n t of the pro j e c t are a wa s ca r r i e d ou t an d a
cer t i f i c a t i o n su p p o r t pr o g r a m m e dr a w n up to br i n g the are a un d e r ce r t i f i c a t i o n
wi t h i n (2) yea r s . Th e cer t i f i c a t i o n su p p o r t pr o g r a m wa s sup p o r t e d by WW F
(Mal a y s i a). A Me m o r a n d u m of Un d e r s t a n d i n g wa s en t e r e d be t w e e n the St a t e
Go v e r n m e n t of Sa b a h an d WW F (Mal a y s i a)/MFT N (Mal a y s i a Fo r e s t r y an d
Tr a d e Ne t w o r k) on the 27 th Se p t e m b e r 2008 to kic k st a r t the ce r t i f i c a t i o n
pr o c e s s .
7.0 BUDGET
A pr o j e c t e d bu d g e t for op e r a t i o n a l pl a n n i n g in the fi rs t ten (10) ye a r s is es t i m a t e d at
ab o u t RM 99.47 mi l l i o n . As ind i c a t e d in Ta b l e 8, the ma i n co s t com p o n e n t s are on
for e s t reh a b i l i t a t i o n an d si l v i c u l t u r e . Th e ot h e r co s t com p o n e n t s ar e on inf r a s t r u c t u r e
de v e l o p m e n t , ad m i n i s t r a t i o n , wa g e s , veh i c l e s , ma c h i n e r i e s an d ot h e r s .
2 1
Th i s pr o j e c t is fun d e d by the St a t e Go v e r n m e n t of Sa b a h un d e r the 9 th Ma l a y s i a Pl a n
(2006 -20 1 0) an d the Sa b a h De v e l o p m e n t Co r r i d o r . Th e Fe d e r a l Go v e r n m e n t (Mini s t r y
of Na t u r a l Re s o u r c e s an d En v i r o n m e n t) has al s o con t r i b u t e d thr o u g h the He a r t h of
Bo r n e o Ini t i a t i v e . Ya y a s a n Sa b a h as the co n c e s s i o n a i r e , ha s al l o c a t e d a sig n i f i c a n t
am o u n t of fun d s to sup p o r t the pro j e c t im p l e m e n t a t i o n . Th e US M SFM P has al s o
rec e i v e d co n t r i b u t i o n s in ki n d fro m int e r n a t i o n a l NG O s , no n pro f i t or g a n i z a t i o n s an d
for e i g n go v e r n m e n t s . Mo s t rec e n t l y , Si m e Da r b y Pl a n t a t i o n Sd n . Bh d . , the big g e s t
pr i v a t e Ma l a y s i a n pl a n t a t i o n co n g l o m e r a t e , ha s ple d g e d a sub s t a n t i a l am o u n t of
mo n e y to sup p o r t a for e s t res t o r a t i o n pro j e c t in the no r t h e r n Ul u Se g a m a Fo r e s t
Re s e r v e foc u s i n g on en h a n c i n g de g r a d e d for e s t ha b i t a t s for ora n g ut a n s . In ad d i t i o n ,
the dev e l o p m e n t of the Ma l u a Wi l d l i f e Ha b i t a t Co n s e r v a t i o n Ba n k wi t h Ne w Fo r e s t Pt y.
Lt d. is see n as an o t h e r inn o v a t i v e ap p r o a c h of ga i n i n g fina n c i a l su p p o r t to re h a b i l i t a t e
the de g r a d e d for e s t for wi l d l i f e con s e r v a t i o n in the Ma l u a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e . Th e so u r c e s
of fun d i n g are lis t e d in Ta b l e 7.
Ta b l e 7: De t a i l br e a k d o w n so u r c e s of fun d s for US M SFM P
No Organization Fund (RM) Scope / Contribution
1 Sa b a h St a t e Go v e r n m e n t (9t h MP)
(i) 9 t h Ma l a y s i a Pl a n12,000,000. 00
Ad m i n i s t r a t i o n , m a n a g e m e n t an d de v e l o p m e n t for a 5 yea r s pe r i o d (2006-20 10)
(ii) Sa b a h De v e l o p m e n t Co r r i d o r 2,800,000.00 De v e l o p m e n t of inf r a s t r u c t u r e s2 Fe d e r a l Go v e n r m e n t
(i) M i n i s t r y Na t u r a l Re s o u r c e an d En v i r o n m e n t (Init i a t i v e He a r t of Bo r n e o)
160,000.00De v e l o p m e n t of inf r a s t r u c t u r e s
3 Ya y a s a n Sa b a h12,000,000. 00
Fo r e s t Re h a b i l i t a t i o n an d Si l v i c u l t u r e for a 5 yea r s per i o d (2006-20 1 0)
4 WW F (Mala y s i a)170,000.00
Re h a b i l i t a t i o n of cr i t i c a l or a n g ut a n ha b i t a t , no r t h Ul u Se g a m a F.R (55 ha)
5 AR C U S Fo u n d a t i o n 760,000.00 Fo r e s t re s t o r a t i o n at VJ R Me r i s u l i6 A l e x a n d e r Ab r a h a m Fo u n d a t i o n 380,000.00 Pl a n n i n g and m a n a g e m e n t7 Re g i o n a l Na t u r a l He r i t a g e
Pro g a m m e (Aus t r a l i a n Go v e r n m e n t)
66,400.00Wi l d l i f e as s e s s m e n t an d m o n i t o r i n g
8 Un i t e d St a t e s Em b a s s y 76,000.00
Re h a b i l i t a t i o n of cr i t i c a l or a n g ut a n ha b i t a t at Ul u Se g a m a F.R (37 ha)
9 Si m e Da r b y Pl a n t a t i o n Sd n Bh d25,000,000.00
Pr o t e c t i o n and reh a b i l i t a t i o n of cr i t i c a l or a n g ut a n hab i t a t at no r t h Ul u Se g a m a F.R (5,400 ha) for the pe r i o d 2009- 20 1 8
10 Ne w Fo r e s t Pt e Lt d34,000,000.00
De v e l o p m e n t of wi l d l i f e ha b i t a t ba n k an d po t e n t i a l of bi o d i v e r s i t y cr e d i t s at Ma l u a F.R for the per i o d 2008 - 201 3
TOTAL 87,412,400.00
22
Ta b l e 8: Pr o j e c t e d bu d g e t (2008 – 20 1 7) for US M SF M P imp l e m e n t a t i o n
Cost Center RM (‘000) %2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 TotalSa l a r y & all o w a n c e s 1,092 1,092 1,092 1,092 1,092 1,092 1,092 1,092 1,092 1,092 10,920 10.9Si l v i c u l t u r e 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 14,000 14.0Fo r e s t Re h a b i l i t a t i o n 5,750 5,750 5,750 5,750 5,750 5,750 5,750 5,750 5,750 5,750 57,500 57.7Po w e r su p p l y (gen e r a t o r) 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 300 0.2Fo r e s t Ma n a g e m e n t Ce r t i f i c a t i o n 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 450 0.3Ad m i n i s t r a t i o n 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 1,200 1.2Ro a d ma i n t e n a n c e 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 5,000 5.0Bo u n d a r y de m a r c a t i o n 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 600 0.6Pr o t e c t i o n 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 500 0.5Wi l d l i f e mo n i t o r i n g 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1,000 1.0Fu e l & lub r i c a n t 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1,000 1.0Ma c h i n e r i e s 1,300 1,300 1.3Ma i n t e n a n c e of ma c h i n e r i e s 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 4,000 4.0Bu i l d i n g co n s t r u c t i o n 600 200 200 200 1,200 1.2Bu i l d i n g ma i n t e n a n c e 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 500 0.5Ot h e r ex p e n s e s 600 0.6TOTAL 11,552 9,902 9,902 9,902 9,702 9,702 9,702 9,702 9,702 9,702 99,470 100
23
8.0 CONCLUSIONS
Lo v e alo n e wi l l no t gu a r a n t e e the sur v i v a l of the en d a n g e r e d wi l d l i f e sp e c i e s wi t h i n the
US M- SFM P ar e a . Th i s for e s t ec o s y s t e m is in jeo p a r d y an d hum a n int e r v e n t i o n is
ne e d e d to en h a n c e its cap a c i t y an d qu a l i t y . Ou r co n s e r v a t i o n ef f o r t s wi l l be fut i l e if
the r e is no fina n c i a l su p p o r t . Be i n g pi o n e e r s in re h a b i l i t a t i n g su c h a de g r a d e d for e s t
eco s y s t e m , the bi g g e s t ch a l l e n g e wo u l d be to ap p l y the mo s t su i t a b l e ma n a g e m e n t
ap p r o a c h tow a r d s ach i e v i n g ou r go a l s . Fo r e s t re h a b i l i t a t i o n is se e n as a ver y co s t l y
exe r c i s e wh e r e the ret u r n is no t for e s e e a b l e in the ne a r fut u r e or “a lon g tim e com i n g”.
Ho w e v e r , wi t h st r o n g po l i t i c a l com m i t m e n t an d sup p o r t fro m the St a t e Go v e r n m e n t of
Sa b a h , pa r t i c i p a t i o n an d su p p o r t fro m bo t h loc a l an d int e r n a t i o n a l NG O s an d ot h e r
int e r e s t e d pr i v a t e ag e n c i e s , an d the ava i l a b i l i t y of loc a l ex p e r t s an d the i r cap a c i t y , we
ar e co n f i d e n t of ma n a g i n g an d nu r s i n g the US M SF M P are a bac k to he a l t h .
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