Aquaculture is a growing and increasingly important industry in many parts of the world, including Scotland, Chile, Norway, Greece and Turkey. It helps to sustain economic growth in rural and coastal communities which are often isolated from the more developed and industrialised areas of these countries.
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May | June 2013
Ultraviolet water disinfection for fish farms and hatcheries
The International magazine for the aquaculture feed industry
Aquaculture is a growing andincreasinglyimportantindustryinmanypartsoftheworld,includingScotland, Chile, Norway, Greece
and Turkey. It helps to sustain economicgrowth in rural and coastal communitieswhich are often isolated from the moredeveloped and industrialised areas of thesecountries.
The modern aquaculture industry faces anumberofissues:
DiseaseHigh rates of water extraction and
increased reliance on recirculated watercan lead to poor water quality, resulting inincreased outbreaks of viral, bacterial andparasiticfishdiseaseswhichcandecimatefishstocks. Due to the intensive nature of fishfarming,fishstockisalsohighlysusceptibleto
infection fromnatural fishpopulations in thefeedwatertothefarm.
RegulationFishrearedandreleasedbackintothewild,
aswell as those endorsed by the regulatorybodies such as theUK’sMarineStewardshipCouncil,mustbedisease-free.
Water qualityTo minimise the chance of infection
and disease, the water used in fish farmsand hatcheries needs to be of a minimumquality. Ensuring this quality is not easy –chemical treatment isnotappropriateas itharmsthefishandcannotbereleased intoopenwaters.
Toensurewaterqualityandtobreaktheinfection cycle between fish farms and natu-ral fish populations, a disinfection system isneededtotreatwaterenteringandcirculating
withinfishfarms.
The advantages of UV disinfection
Ultraviolet (UV) isideally suited for treatingincomingandrecirculatedwater in fish farms andhatcheries as it uses nochemicals and does notcreateby-productswhichwould harm the fishstock, or other aquaticlife, on discharge. Unlike
Ultraviolet water disinfection for fish
farms and hatcheriesby Halim Mirza, sales manager, Hanovia, United Kingdom
CASE STUDY
Cultivos Huacamalal Ltda., ChileCultivosHuacamalalLtda.ofChileusesa Hanovia UV disinfection system forits salmonhatchery inRio Ignao in thesouth of the country. The UV systemispartofaUS$1.1millionwater recir-culation and effluent treatment systemprovided by Atlantech Chile Ltda. ofPuertoMontt,Chile.
The UV unit treats well waterused for make-up supply in the waterrecirculation system to control againstInfectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN)RNA-virus. IPNisfoundinwildsalmonpopulations on the Pacific coasts ofbothNorthandSouthAmericaandcancause severe mortality (up to 80%) infishuptotwoyearsold.Itisacommondiseaseinhatcheriesandisalsocapableoftransmittingepizooticconditionsbacktowildpopulations.
Chileisoneofthethreemajorsalm-onfarmingcountriesintheworld,alongwith Norway and Scotland. CultivosHuacamalal is a new player in theChilean salmon aquaculture industry.Thecompanywasformedbyanumberof experienced partners in the fishproduction and shipbuilding industry inChile and has signed an agreement tosupply product to one of the largestsalmonexportersinthecountry.
24 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | May-June 2013
FEATURE
May-June 2013 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | 25
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UV applications in aquacultureTheapplicationsforUVincludetreatment
ofwater inhatcheries, shellfishpurging tanksand fry rearing tanks. It is also used in fishprocessingplantsandwellboats.UV isevenusedtodisinfectrecirculationwaterinmarineparksandaquaria.
Some considerationsWhen installing UV systems, operators
need to be awareofwhich viruses, bacteriaor parasites are posing a problem and sizethe UV systems accordingly. Hanovia usuallyrecommends a UV dose of between 120-150mJ/cm2,butthefinaldosealwaysdependsonanumberoffactors,includingwhetherthewaterissingle-passorrecirculated.
Alleffluentwaterfromhatcheries,process-ingplantsandwellboatsmustalsobetreatedso as to protect the environment and stopthe possible transmission of disease to wildfishpopulations
UV technologyUV technology is surprisingly simple to
installanduse.AUVdisinfectionchambercanusuallyberetrofittedtoexistingpipeworkandcirculation systems with minimum disruptiontotheprocess.
All controls are automatic and mainte-nance of the systems is usually restricted tothereplacementoftheUVlampevery12-18months, depending on use. This is a simpleoperation that canbecarriedoutbyon-sitestaff. An automatic or manual wiper fittedover the quartz sleeve surrounding the UVlamp prevents the build-up of any deposits,ensuringmaximumlevelsofUVirradiationatalltimes.
A significant feature of modern UV sys-temsisthecontrolmechanismwhichdisplays
arangeofuseful functionssuchas flowrate,UV dose and intensity. The systems areusually capable of logging up to one year’sperformancedata,whichcanbedownloadedtoaPCthroughanRS232port.Linkedintoacentral computer, thecontrolpanel canalsobeoperatedremotely,andallowsthesystemtooperatearoundtheclock.
About HanoviaTo date Hanovia has installed over 300
aquaculture systems in 14 countries aroundthe world. Applications include water treat-ment in hatcheries, fish farms (salmon, seabreamandseabass)shellfishdepurationtanksand fry rearing tanks as well as treating re-circulationwaterinmarineparksandaquaria.
Based in the UK with offices in Beijingand Shanghai and a worldwide network ofdistributors, Hanovia is a world leader inUV disinfection technology with over 85years’experienceinthedesign,development,manufacture and distribution of UV systemsworldwide. The company is a subsidiary ofHalmaplc.
Loch Fyne Oysters Ltd, ScotlandLoch Fyne Oysters Ltd in Scotlandis using two Hanovia UV disinfectionsystemsforitsoysterfarminLochFyne,Cairndow, Scotland. The UV systems,whichwereinstalledbyBarrandWray,destroyharmfulE.Coli bacteria from itsoyster and mussel depuration tanks.EachUVchambertreatsupto150m3waterperhour.
According to a spokesperson fromLochFyneOysters,“TheHanoviaunitswere recommended tousbyBarrandWray because of their 99.99% logreductionofE.Coli,theirrobust,stainlesssteelconstruction,theireaseofinstalla-tion and easy maintenance – includingeasy UV lamp replacement and dailycleaningwithamanualwiper–andlowrunning costs. We also find the digitalrun-timeread-outveryuseful.”
Loch Fyne, Scotland
26 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | May-June 2013
FEATURE
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