Ukraine and Chernobyl By: Tiffany Gorges. Foreign Control 1800s: Western Ukraine was under the control of Austrians and Russia controlled the rest 1921:

Ukraine and Ukraine and ChernobylChernobylBy: Tiffany GorgesBy: Tiffany Gorges

Foreign ControlForeign Control

1800s: Western Ukraine 1800s: Western Ukraine was under the control of was under the control of Austrians and Russia Austrians and Russia controlled the restcontrolled the rest

1921: Western Ukraine 1921: Western Ukraine was incorporated into was incorporated into PolandPoland

Central and Eastern parts Central and Eastern parts became part of Soviet became part of Soviet Union as Ukrainian Union as Ukrainian S.S.R.S.S.R.

Ukrainian SurvivorsUkrainian Survivors

People waiting for someone to take charge People waiting for someone to take charge and put things back in order for their worldand put things back in order for their world

Ukraine became an independent state in Ukraine became an independent state in December 1991December 1991

People felt disillusionment, People felt disillusionment, discouragement, and despairdiscouragement, and despair

Others expressed hopefulness and Others expressed hopefulness and enjoyment of their new found freedomenjoyment of their new found freedom

Ukraine TodayUkraine Today

Second largest county in Second largest county in EuropeEuropeEstimated population 50 Estimated population 50 millionmillionSize is slightly smaller than Size is slightly smaller than TexasTexasKyyiv (Kiev), capital city, Kyyiv (Kiev), capital city, estimated pop. 2.6 millionestimated pop. 2.6 millionPopulationPopulation- Slowly declining- Slowly declining- Low fertility rates (1.29 - Low fertility rates (1.29 children per woman)children per woman)- Emigration- Emigration- Population growth rate -0.72 - Population growth rate -0.72 (2002)(2002)

Living Where?Living Where?68% of population living 68% of population living in urban areasin urban areas

32% living in rural areas32% living in rural areas

Urban growth rate Urban growth rate expected to be 0.21 in expected to be 0.21 in 2000-20052000-2005

Approximately 85 Approximately 85 persons/sq. kmpersons/sq. km

Language, Ethnicity, and ReligionLanguage, Ethnicity, and Religion

LanguageLanguage- Ukrainian is official language - Ukrainian is official language (spoken in Western Ukraine)(spoken in Western Ukraine)-Russian is spoken in Eastern -Russian is spoken in Eastern Ukraine and KievUkraine and KievReligionReligion- Dominant religion is Eastern - Dominant religion is Eastern OrthodoxOrthodox- Catholics are the second - Catholics are the second religious groupreligious group- Want to become more - Want to become more

religious only if a particular religious only if a particular religion is chosenreligion is chosen

Ethnic Groups in Ukraine

Ukrainian

Russian

Belarusian

Moldovan

Crimean Tatar

Bulgarian

Hungarian

Romanian

Polish

Jewish

Other

Economic DeclineEconomic Decline

Rich farmland, good industries, highly Rich farmland, good industries, highly trained labor work force….good economy?trained labor work force….good economy?

Vast natural resource supply, but fail to Vast natural resource supply, but fail to capitalize on itcapitalize on it

High rate of widespread povertyHigh rate of widespread poverty

Poor economy means job cutsPoor economy means job cuts

Environmental ProblemsEnvironmental ProblemsAir pollutionAir pollution

Pollution in the Pollution in the Crimean RegionCrimean Region--Popular vacation spot located on Popular vacation spot located on the Black Seathe Black Sea

Forest area decliningForest area declining--Soil erosion increased means Soil erosion increased means negative affects on agriculturenegative affects on agriculture

ChernobylChernobyl

Wooded area first millennium A.D.:20th century

ChernobylChernobyl

Nuclear plant located Nuclear plant located 80 miles north of 80 miles north of Kyyiv with four Kyyiv with four reactorsreactors

Environmental Environmental disaster on April 26, disaster on April 26, 19861986

Reactor #4 destroyedReactor #4 destroyed

Reactor 4 AccidentReactor 4 Accident

Caused by human error Caused by human error

Poorly designed and Poorly designed and engineered reactorengineered reactor

Safety standards were Safety standards were not maintainednot maintained

Did not meet Did not meet international safety international safety standards and could standards and could not withstand a power not withstand a power surgesurge

Reactor 4 AccidentReactor 4 Accident

Caused 30 deaths of power plant workers and Caused 30 deaths of power plant workers and firemenfiremen

Another 134 emergency personnel experienced Another 134 emergency personnel experienced acute radiation sicknessacute radiation sickness

More than 4,000 Ukrainians and others have More than 4,000 Ukrainians and others have died who had taken part in the clean-up effortdied who had taken part in the clean-up effort

Continued health effects and environmental Continued health effects and environmental threatsthreats

Radiation Effects Throughout Radiation Effects Throughout EuropeEurope

Areas Still Affected by ChernobylAreas Still Affected by Chernobyl

A Current Assessment of Health A Current Assessment of Health EffectsEffects

Substantial increase Substantial increase in thyroid cancer in in thyroid cancer in children if exposed children if exposed before age 14before age 14

Risk of other cancersRisk of other cancers

Psychological and Psychological and social effectssocial effects

Concerns About Reactor 4Concerns About Reactor 4

Even though Reactor 4 is inactive there are still Even though Reactor 4 is inactive there are still concernsconcerns

A concrete sarcophagus was constructed over A concrete sarcophagus was constructed over Reactor 4Reactor 4

It is now cracked and in danger of collapsing It is now cracked and in danger of collapsing

Could further contaminate surrounding areasCould further contaminate surrounding areas

Status of the ReactorsStatus of the Reactors

Reactor 2-ceased operation Reactor 2-ceased operation after a fire in its turbine after a fire in its turbine building in Oct. 1991; the building in Oct. 1991; the Ukrainian government decided Ukrainian government decided to decommission the unitto decommission the unit

Reactor 1-permanently closed Reactor 1-permanently closed in Nov. 1996; in late 1998 the in Nov. 1996; in late 1998 the plant received a license to plant received a license to remove the fuel from the remove the fuel from the reactorreactor

Reactor 3-was the only Reactor 3-was the only operating unit in the plant; it operating unit in the plant; it finally shut down on Dec. 15, finally shut down on Dec. 15, 2002 with financial help from 2002 with financial help from the international communitythe international community

The Final ShutdownThe Final Shutdown

President Leonid Kuchma President Leonid Kuchma gave the final order to shut gave the final order to shut down Reactor 3 permanentlydown Reactor 3 permanently

U.S. Energy Secretary Bill U.S. Energy Secretary Bill Ruchardson, who attended the Ruchardson, who attended the closing ceremony said:closing ceremony said:

““It is a historic day because the It is a historic day because the closing signals the end of closing signals the end of Chernobyl and that Ukraine is Chernobyl and that Ukraine is moving away from its Soviet moving away from its Soviet past.”past.”

Closure ControversyClosure Controversy

Jill Dougherty, CNN’s Jill Dougherty, CNN’s Moscow bureau chief, said Moscow bureau chief, said “The closure is welcome “The closure is welcome news for the outside world, news for the outside world, but to the residents of but to the residents of nearby towns, almost all of nearby towns, almost all of whom worked at Chernobyl, whom worked at Chernobyl, the closure is tragedy”the closure is tragedy”

With the closing, almost With the closing, almost 6,000 people will lose their 6,000 people will lose their jobs, although some staff jobs, although some staff will continue working at the will continue working at the plantplant

Political BacklashPolitical Backlash

Many of the people who worked at Many of the people who worked at Chernobyl said working there was much Chernobyl said working there was much safer than many Russian nuclear power safer than many Russian nuclear power stationsstations

They claim the closing was based on They claim the closing was based on political groundspolitical grounds

Demanding the Reopening of Demanding the Reopening of ChernobylChernobyl

On Dec. 17, 2002 8,000-10,000 people gathered On Dec. 17, 2002 8,000-10,000 people gathered in Kyyiv’s Sofia Square and demanded the in Kyyiv’s Sofia Square and demanded the reopening of Chernobylreopening of Chernobyl

Demanded that Ukrainian and Western Demanded that Ukrainian and Western governments restore benefits to some 3 million governments restore benefits to some 3 million people affected by the accidentpeople affected by the accident

OR that Chernobyl plant be partially reopened to OR that Chernobyl plant be partially reopened to provide electricity and jobsprovide electricity and jobs

Reasons for the ProtestReasons for the ProtestThe children’s economic future has been taken The children’s economic future has been taken away from themaway from them

Medicine is not yet provided, there is no Medicine is not yet provided, there is no rehabilitation, and no food since the 2002 shutdownrehabilitation, and no food since the 2002 shutdown

Western governments still have not provided Western governments still have not provided funding, which was promised when the plant closedfunding, which was promised when the plant closed

Many local people want Chernobyl to reopen for Many local people want Chernobyl to reopen for jobsjobs

Economic Boost?Economic Boost?

Reopening Chernobyl would allow more Reopening Chernobyl would allow more people to be employed againpeople to be employed again

This might help create a boost in Ukraine’s This might help create a boost in Ukraine’s struggling economystruggling economy

--More income, more spending at other More income, more spending at other businesses businesses which leads to a boost in the locate which leads to a boost in the locate economyeconomy

--Ultimately could lead to more job opportunities Ultimately could lead to more job opportunities for for local residents in the area local residents in the area

Increased Government FundingIncreased Government Funding

With a developed economy, more money With a developed economy, more money can then be spent on government can then be spent on government programs in dealing with Chernobylprograms in dealing with Chernobyl

--Numerous proposals to prevent another Numerous proposals to prevent another catastrophe catastrophe

--Health and environmental threats from the Health and environmental threats from the accident accident at Chernobyl can be addressed at Chernobyl can be addressed

--Help the people who are sick get better and Help the people who are sick get better and prevent prevent others from getting sick (precautionary others from getting sick (precautionary measures measures can be taken) can be taken)

The FutureThe Future

Hopefully there is a positive outlook on the Hopefully there is a positive outlook on the future by Ukrainian people and their future by Ukrainian people and their government when dealing with Chernobylgovernment when dealing with Chernobyl

Continued research and testing is the only Continued research and testing is the only way to increase public confidence in the way to increase public confidence in the safety of nuclear power safety of nuclear power

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