UK Railways - A proposal to provide a Ubiquitous Train Location Service (TLS)

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UK RailwaysA proposal to provide a UbiquitousTrain Location Service (TLS)

Andrew SageDirector, Helios30th November 2011

This presentation will demonstrate the commercial and safety value of train location information

• The value of train location information• Establishing a business case for investment• The lack of solutions ‘off the shelf’• How the UK rail industry is tackling the problem…• …and the challenge to the navigation industry

This presentation will demonstrate the commercial and safety value of train location information

• The value of train location information• Establishing a business case for investment• The lack of solutions ‘off the shelf’• How the UK rail industry is tackling the problem…• …and the challenge to the navigation industry

Network capacity has struggled to maintain progress with passenger demand

Growth in demand for rail services looks set to continue despite current economic conditions

• Rapid growth in demand from 1996 to 2009• Road passenger miles up 9%• Rail passenger miles up 56%

• Rail freight has grown by 47% over the last fifteen years, and has started to grow again since 2010

• The UK Office of the Rail Regulator predicts a doubling of passenger demand by 2030

The ‘4 C’s of the UK railways and their dependency upon train location information

• CAPACITY• Dynamic traffic management• Incident management/recovery

• CARBON• Energy-optimised driving• Energy monitoring

• COST• Low cost Train Control • Asset management/maintenance

• CUSTOMER• Passenger information• CCTV/public safety

Train location underpins a very wide range of safety and operationally critical applications

Non-safetyNon-safety Safety-relatedSafety-related Safety-criticalSafety-critical

• PIS

• Position/time stamping

• CCTV

• PLD

• OTMR

• Engine monitoring

• Fleet management

• PIS

• Position/time stamping

• CCTV

• PLD

• OTMR

• Engine monitoring

• Fleet management

• Asset management

• SDO

• Track mapping

• Traffic management

• Train position referencing

• Asset management

• SDO

• Track mapping

• Traffic management

• Train position referencing

• Signalling• Signalling

Examples of application classification

This presentation will demonstrate the commercial and safety value of train location information

• The value of train location information• Establishing a business case for investment• The lack of solutions ‘off the shelf’• How the UK rail industry is tackling the problem…• …and the challenge to the navigation industry

So what’s the problem?....

• Distribution of costs and benefits amongst a fragmented group of organisations

• Systems procured with short term view – driven by requirements of single applications

• A lack of common standards to enable interoperability and sharing of information

• Stringent rail requirements that mean ‘special’, and therefor expensive solutions

• A lack of ‘buying power’ in the UK and the wider European rail industry

• A lack of understanding in the performance shortfalls of GNSS only solutions

Fragmentation makes it difficult to achieve a positive business case without consensus

NetworkRail

Operatingcompanies -

Passenger/Freight

Government

Passengers/

Businesses

Delay

minutes

Track access

£6bn£5bn

£+/- 200m

£ tax

“Societal Benefit”

50bn km

Investment Maintenance ROSCOs

Supply industry

The use of GNSS remains relatively limited to a small subset of applications

• Penetration of GPS in railways is growing• ~75% of trains equipped with GPS – only for non-critical

passenger/management information applications• No operational use of GPS for safety critical applications

• Examples of use and trials within the UK• Passenger information• Freight and asset management• Selective door opening (SDO)

Many lessons have already been learnt from previous installations of GPS

• Insufficient match between application requirements and equipment capability• Too cheap (eg consumer devices)• Too expensive (eg survey grade)

• Lack of knowledge of GPS performance shortfalls• Multipath and shadowing near main stations/gantries• Lack of service continuity• Time to first fix (TTFF)

• Insufficient antenna engineering and location• Duplicate system elements and therefore increased

through-life costs

This presentation will demonstrate the commercial and safety value of train location information

• The value of train location information• Establishing a business case for investment• The lack of solutions ‘off the shelf’• How the UK rail industry is tackling the problem…• …and the challenge to the navigation industry

Traditional means of train location cannot be assumed on all parts of the network

• Train location information for signalling purposes is achieved with physical train detection• delivers a high level of availability and integrity necessary for

safety critical operations.

• Long term vision of the railways includes the elimination or significant reduction of infrastructure based train detection• Need to reduce ongoing operational and maintenance costs • ERTMS Level 3 is the planned approach to doing this and would

require the removal of lineside train detection

• There is no single system capable of delivering location with the coverage, availability, integrity and accuracy to satisfy application demands

The GNSS device landscape in the land sector has been rapidly diverging into two broad families of receiver

• Users – mobile phones,PNDs

• Price <1$ price• Lifetime <3 yrs• Functionality – ‘hardwired’ in

silicon• Integrated into common

processing unit• Market is growing

exponentially

• Users – geodetic, high precision, professional

• Price >$2k

• Lifetime 5-15 yrs

• Firmware (and some software) upgrades

• Dedicated PVT processor and platform

• Market is growing steadily

Consumable chipsets Professional receivers

Rail has fallen into the ‘urban chasm’ thatappears to have opened up in the GNSS market

POSI

TIO

N A

CCU

RACY

GNSS SERVICE AVAILABILITY

IN-CARNAVIGATION

PROFESSIONALROAD

SAFETY-OF-LIFEREGULATED

PEDESTRIANNAVIGATION

RAIL

GEODETICSURVEY

COMMERCIALDGNSS

PROFESSIONAL(EG AGRI)

This presentation will demonstrate the commercial and safety value of train location information

• The value of train location information• Establishing a business case for investment• The lack of solutions ‘off the shelf’• How the UK rail industry is tackling the problem…• …and the challenge to the navigation industry

RSSB’s existing guidance on GNSS is already being used widely – both in UK and around Europe

• Appreciation of satellite navigation and its limitations• Summary of augmentations available (SBAS, INS,

odometer, map matching…)• Quality of Service (QoS) parameters• Technical options and classes of receiver equipment• Interface standards• Equipment selection• Installation, approvals, integration and maintenance

Augmentations are necessary to deliver the improvements in availability and integrity

GPS aloneGPS alone

ILLUSTRATIVE

ILLUSTRATIVE

ILLUSTRATIVE

Incr

easi

ng p

erfo

rman

ce

Standardized interfaces allow plug & play

GPS + basic INSGPS + basic INS

GPS + INS+ SBAS

GPS + INS+ SBAS

GPS + basic INS + terrestrial

augmentation

GPS + basic INS + terrestrial

augmentationGPS + basic INS

+ RAIMGPS + basic INS

+ RAIMOR ORGPS + basic

INS + simple map matching

GPS + basic INS +

simple map matching

OR

Increase availabilityof position report

Increase accuracy and integrity of position report

Increase accuracy,integrity and availability

OROne-step upgrade Two-step upgrade

GPS aloneGPS alone

ILLUSTRATIVE

ILLUSTRATIVE

ILLUSTRATIVE

Incr

easi

ng p

erfo

rman

ce

Standardized interfaces allow plug & play

GPS + basic INSGPS + basic INS

GPS + INS+ SBAS

GPS + INS+ SBAS

GPS + basic INS + terrestrial

augmentation

GPS + basic INS + terrestrial

augmentationGPS + basic INS

+ RAIMGPS + basic INS

+ RAIMOR ORGPS + basic

INS + simple map matching

GPS + basic INS +

simple map matching

OR

Increase availabilityof position report

Increase accuracy and integrity of position report

Increase accuracy,integrity and availability

OROne-step upgrade Two-step upgradeOne-step upgrade Two-step upgrade

Market intervention is required to ensure a long term and cost effective solution

Anticipated COTS solutions and

trends in navigation technology are too late for application

timescales

Proposed programme for a ubiquitous Train Location Service (TLS)

• Funding is currently being sought for the first year’s (2012) programme of activities

• The work should be undertaken in partnership• Other European rail organisations and standards bodies• Navigation industry

• Develop a “Concept of Operations” for a TLS• Analysis of application requirements• Technology gap analysis• Value For Money (VFM) and affordability analysis• Supply Chain / Market Analysis

This presentation will demonstrate the commercial and safety value of train location information

• The value of train location information• Establishing a business case for investment• The lack of solutions ‘off the shelf’• How the UK rail industry is tackling the problem…• …and the challenge to the navigation industry

The ideal GNSS receiver for most rail applications would ensure long-term flexibility

• Ability to upgrade to multi-constellation, single frequency GNSS (L1 GPS, Galileo and GLONASS)

• Integrated with INS or on-board odometer to provide necessary service continuity

• Potential to support multi-GNSS RAIM in the future• Assistance data via WiFi/GSM-R for cold starts (eg in depot)• Equipment lifetime at least 10 years• Open standards for antenna input

and PVT output to support multipleapplications

• Integrated with on-board map/ rail network model

• …and all at COTS prices

…and it must also work on both of these!

Summary of key messages to take away

• Train location is about more than just signalling• Sharing dynamic location information between

stakeholders is critical for an efficient network• GNSS on it’s own is not good enough and traditional rail

infrastructure can no longer be relied upon• Solutions are not available ‘off the shelf’ and therefore

a combination of different methods is needed• The rail sector represents a new and innovative

opportunity for the navigation industry• The UK rail sector is seeking to tackle these issues in

partnership with other European bodies

24

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Thank you for your attention

Andrew [email protected]