7/25/2019 Ugaritic Paradigms http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ugaritic-paradigms 1/41 Ugaritic Paradigms for both verbal and non-verbal forms Compiled by Joshua L. Harper Fall 2008 Based on information from: Daniel Sivan, A Grammar of the Ugaritic Language (HdO 1:28; Atlanta: SBL, 2001) William M. Schniedewind and Joel H. Hunt, A Primer on Ugaritic: Language, Culture and Literature (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007) and course materials produced by Meredith M. Kline
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1 This also includes all I-Guttural verbs, which are strong in Ugaritic.2 Any Short form ending in C3
gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -nalengthened. 3 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
Imperative4444
ms qṭl quṭul/ quṭla
fs qṭl quṭulī
dual qṭl quṭulā
mp qṭl quṭulū
Active Participle
ms qṭl qāṭilu
fs qṭlt qāṭilatu
mp qṭlm qāṭilūma
fp qṭlt qāṭilātu
Passive Participle5555
ms qṭl qaṭūlu
fs qṭlt qaṭūlatu
mp qṭlm qaṭūlūma
fp qṭlt qaṭūlātu
Infinitive6666
qṭl qaṭālu
4 The vowel is the theme vowelof the Imperfect/Prefix Conju-gation, doubled. The second maybe apocopated.5 Uncertain vocalization; this ison the BH pattern.6 If in bound relationship, thenInfinitive Construct; if unbound,then Infinitive Absolute.
1 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -na
lengthened. 2 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
Imperative3333
Participle4444
ms nqṭl naqṭalu
fs nqṭlt naqṭalatu
mp nqṭlm naqṭalūma
fp nqṭlt naqṭalātu
Infinitive5555
nqṭl naqṭalu
3 There are no attestations forthe Imperative; the Jussive isused instead. The pattern would
presumably be nqṭl naqṭil, butthe last vowel is questionable.4 Very rare.5 The final a may be long. If inbound relationship, then Infi-nitive Construct; if unbound,then Infinitive Absolute.
1 The preformative vowel may be u like other Semitic languages (cf. Akkadian) or a like the 1cs.2 Note, 1cs has ʾa not ʾu 3 Any Short form ending in C3
gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -nalengthened. 4 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
Imperativems qṭl qaṭṭil
fs qṭl qaṭṭilī
dual qṭl qaṭṭilā
mp qṭl qaṭṭilū
Participle
ms mqṭl muqaṭṭilu
fs mqṭlt muqaṭṭilatu
mp mqṭlm muqaṭṭilūma
fp mqṭlt muqaṭṭilātu
Infinitive5555
qṭl quṭṭalu
5 If in bound relationship, thenInfinitive Construct; if unbound,then Infinitive Absolute.
1 The preformative vowel may be u like other Semitic languages (cf. Akkadian) or a like the 1cs.2 Note, 1cs has ʾa not ʾu 3 Any Short form ending in C3
gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -nalengthened. 4 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
Imperativems šqṭl šaqṭil
fs šqṭl šaqṭilī
dual šqṭl šaqṭilā
mp šqṭl šaqṭilū
Participle
ms mšqṭl mušaqṭilu
fs mšqṭlt mušaqṭilatu
mp mšqṭlm mušaqṭilūma
fp mšqṭlt mušaqṭilātu
Infinitive5555
šqṭl šuqṭalu
5 The vowels are contested. If inbound relationship, then Infini-tive Construct; if unbound, thenInfinitive Absolute.
1 This stem may not exist at all. The forms in the text may be 3mp indefinites (theykilled him = he was killed), or in the Imperfect may be N forms. (Cf. Sivan 126)2 The stem vowel may be either i or a.3 Presumably preformative vowel a, but no 1cs forms attested.4 Any Short form ending in C3
gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -nalengthened. 5 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
Imperative6666
Participle7777
ms qṭl qaṭūlu
fs qṭlt qaṭūlatu
mp qṭlm qaṭūlūma
fp qṭlt qaṭūlātu
Infinitive8888
6 None attested.7 I.e. the G Passive Participle.8 None attested.
1 This stem is rare, and the forms are difficult to interpret. Cf. Sivan 137-38.2 The stem vowel may also be a: quṭṭala.3 The preformative vowel may also be a.4 The 1cs is not attested, so the form may be either ʾa or ʾu.5 Any Short form ending in C3
gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -nalengthened. 6 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
Imperative
Participle7777
ms mqṭl muqaṭṭalu
fs mqṭlt muqaṭṭalatu
mp mqṭlm muqaṭṭalūma
fp mqṭlt muqaṭṭalātu
Infinitive
7 The form interpreted as a Dpparticiple may in fact be a noun.
1 This stem, too, is quite rare and debatable.2 The stem vowel may be a: ʾitquṭṭala, there may be an a after the t : ʾitaquṭṭi/ala, and theform may not take a prosthetic ʾ at all: taquṭṭi/ala.3 The preformative vowel may also be a.4 The 1cs is not attested, so the form may be either ʾa or ʾu.5 Any Pret form ending in C3
gets -u; long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -na lengthened. 6 Any Pret form ending in C3 gets -a.
Imperative7777 ms tqṭl taqaṭṭil
fs tqṭl taqaṭṭilī
dual tqṭl taqaṭṭilā
mp tqṭl taqaṭṭilū
Participle
Infinitive50
tqṭl tuqaṭṭilu
7 The form identified by Sivan asan imperative is identified bySchniedewind and Hunt as aninfinitive. Thus, one or the othermay be doubtful.
1 This stem is fairly rare.2 The stem vowel may also be i.3 The preformative vowel may be either u or a.4 The 1cs is not attested, so the form may be either ʾa or ʾu.5 Any Pret form ending in C3
gets -u; long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -na lengthened. 6 Any Pret form ending in C3 gets -a.
1 The preformative vowel may u or a.2 The stem vowel may be either i or a.3 I.e. the G Passive Participle.4 When clause initial, the form has a prosthetic ʾ with i vowel; otherwise, the t and q seem to undergo metathesis: tqtqtqtqṭṭṭṭlllltaqṭal(?) (Schniedewind 175, n17).5 The stem vowel may be i not a.6 The stem vowel may also be a: quṭṭala.7 The stem vowel may be a: ʾitquṭṭala, there may be an a after the t : ʾitaquṭṭi/ala, and the form may not take a prosthetic ʾ atall: taquṭṭi/ala.8 The form identified by Sivan as an imperative is identified by Schniedewind and Hunt as an infinitive. Thus, one or theother may be doubtful.
/כבד The N, D, and Š stems are regular, as are the minor stems.
2 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -na
lengthened. 3 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
Imperative4444
ms kbd kabad/ kabda
fs kbd kabadī
duad kbd kabadā
mp kbd kabadū
Active Participle
ms kbd kābidu
fs kbdt kābidatu
mp kbdm kābidūma
fp kbdt kābidātu
Passive Participle5555
ms kbd kabūdu
fs kbdt kabūdatu
mp kbdm kabūdūma
fp kbdt kabūdātu
Infinitive6666
kbd kabādu
4 The vowel is the theme vowelof the Imperfect/Prefix Conju-gation, doubled. The second maybe apocopated.5 Uncertain vocalization; this ison the BH pattern.6 If in bound relationship, thenInfinitive Construct; if unbound,then Infinitive Absolute.
The N, D, and Š stems are regular, as are the minor stems.2 Any Short form ending in C3
gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -nalengthened. 3 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
Imperative4444
ms qṭn qaṭan/ qaṭna
fs qṭn qaṭanī
Dual qṭn qaṭanā
mp qṭn qaṭanū
Active Participle
ms qṭn qāṭinu
fs qṭnt qāṭinatu
mp qṭnm qāṭinūma
fp qṭnt qāṭinātu
Passive Participle5555
ms qṭn qaṭūnu
fs qṭnt qaṭūnatu
mp qṭnm qaṭūnūma
fp qṭnt qaṭūnātu
Infinitive6666
qṭn qaṭānu
4 The vowel is the theme vowelof the Imperfect/Prefix Conju-gation, doubled. The second maybe apocopated.5 Uncertain vocalization; this ison the BH pattern.6 If in bound relationship, thenInfinitive Construct; if unbound,then Infinitive Absolute.
The N, D, and Š stems are regular, as are the minor stems.2 Any Short form ending in C3
gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -nalengthened. 3 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
Imperative4444
ms mḫṣ maḫaṣ/ maḫṣa
fs mḫṣ maḫaṣī
Dual mḫṣ maḫaṣā
mp mḫṣ maḫaṣū
Active Participle
ms mḫṣ māḫiṣu
fs mḫṣt māḫiṣatu
mp mḫṣm māḫiṣūma
fp mḫṣt māḫiṣātu
Passive Participle5555
ms mḫṣ maḫūṣu
fs mḫṣt maḫūṣatu
mp mḫṣm maḫūṣūma
fp mḫṣt maḫūṣātu
Infinitive6666
mḫṣ maḫāṣu
4 The vowel is the theme vowelof the Imperfect/Prefix Conju-gation, doubled. The second maybe apocopated.5 Uncertain vocalization; this ison the BH pattern.6 If in bound relationship, thenInfinitive Construct; if unbound,then Infinitive Absolute.
1 Cf.שלח/ שלח י The N, D, and Š stems are regular, as are the minor stems.
2 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -na
lengthened. 3 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
Imperative4444
ms šlḥ šalaḥ/ šalḥa
fs šlḥ šalaḥī
Dual šlḥ šalaḥā
mp šlḥ šalaḥū
Active Participle
ms šlḥ māḫiṣu
fs šlḥt māḫiṣatu
mp šlḥm māḫiṣūma
fp šlḥt māḫiṣātu
Passive Participle5555
ms šlḥ maḫūṣu
fs šlḥt maḫūṣatu
mp šlḥm maḫūṣūma
fp šlḥt maḫūṣātu
Infinitive6666
šlḥ maḫāṣu
4 The vowel is the theme vowelof the Imperfect/Prefix Conju-gation, doubled. The second maybe apocopated.5 Uncertain vocalization; this ison the BH pattern.6 If in bound relationship, thenInfinitive Construct; if unbound,then Infinitive Absolute.
gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -nalengthened. 3 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
Imperative4444
ms pl pul/ pula
fs pl pulī
dual pl pulā
mp pl pulū
Active Participle
ms npl nāpilu
fs nplt nāpilatu
mp nplm nāpilūma
fp nplt nāpilātu
Passive Participle5555
ms npl napūlu
fs nplt napūlatu
mp nplm napūlūma
fp nplt napūlātu
Infinitive6666
npl napālu
4 The vowel is the theme vowelof the Imperfect/Prefix Conju-gation, doubled. The second maybe apocopated.5 Uncertain vocalization; this ison the BH pattern.6 If in bound relationship, thenInfinitive Construct; if unbound,then Infinitive Absolute.
gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -nalengthened. 3 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
Imperative4444 ms rd rid/ rida
fs rd ridī
dual rd ridā
mp rd ridū
Active Participle
ms yrd yāridu
fs yrdt yāridatu
mp yrdm yāridūma
fp yrdt yāridātu
Passive Participle5555
ms mrd môrūdu
fs mrdt môrūdatu
mp mrdm môrūdūma
fp mrdt môrūdātu
Infinitive6666
yrd yarādu
OR rdt ridatu
4 The y y y y is lost.5 The y yy y contracts, based on whe-ther the verb was I-Y or I-W inProto Semitic: I-y forms are ê <*ay, while I-W forms are ô < *aw;unless the extant forms areactually nouns. Cf. Sivan 149-50.6 As in BH, there seem to be twoInfinitive forms: one preservingthe y yy y, and the other adding a tttt tothe end.
1 In this stem, the verb HLQ behaves like a strong verb in attested forms. The y yy ycontracts in all forms in this stem, based on whether the verb was I-Y or I-W in ProtoSemitic: I-y forms are ê < *ay, while I-W forms are ô < *aw.2 The preformative vowel may be u like other Semitic languages (cf. Akkadian) or a like the 1cs.3 Any Short form in C3
gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -na lengthened. 4 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
Imperative
ms šrd šôrid
fs šrd šôridī
dual šrd šôridā
mp šrd šôridū
Participle
ms mšrd mušôridu
fs mšrdt mušôridatu
mp mšrdm mušôridūma
fp mšrdt mušôridātu
Infinitive5555 šrd šûradu
5 Vocalization based on the DInfinitive; û < *uw or *uy
1 Only one form is attested: ntnntnntnntn nêtana/nôtana. The y yy y contracts, based on whether the verb was I-Y or I-W in Proto Semitic:I-y forms are ê < *ay, while I-W forms are ô < *aw.2 The D Stem of I-Y verbs acts normally—as if the verb were a I-W—when it occurs.3 yûrad- < *yuyrad- 4 The y yy y may or may not assimilate to the infixed tttt, hence the parenthesis.5 Then again, the only Gt Imperative form attested has elided the prosthetic ʾ and may not actually be Gt but G from TQǴ.
6 Only YṮB is attested in the Šp, and in this case, the partially assimilates to the ṯṯṯṯ: yuṯôṯab- < yuôṯab- < yuawṯab-.
1 Contracted from a presumed *qayama/qawama.2 lengthened to compensate for the loss of w; Sivan argues (154) that those formswithout vocalic endings would have u: yaqum instead of yaqm.3 Any Short form in C3
gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -na lengthened. 4 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
Imperative5555
ms qm qum
fs qm qūmī 6
dual qm qūmā
mp qm qūmū
Active Participle
ms qm qâmu7
fs qmt qâmatu
mp qmm qâmūma
fp qmt qâmātu
Passive Participle8888
Infinitive
qm qûmu
5 The vowel is the theme vowelof the Imperfect/Prefix Conju-gation, doubled. The second maybe apocopated.6 Perhaps the u should be short.7 Perhaps contracted from*qwimu?8 Unattested in II-W.
1 Contracted from a presumed * ayara.2 lengthened to compensate for the loss of y; Sivan argues (154) that those formswithout vocalic endings would have i: yair instead of yar .3 Any Short form in C3
gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -na lengthened. 4 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
Imperative5555
ms šr šir
fs šr šīrī 6
dual šr šīrā
mp šr šīrū
Active Participle
ms šr šâru7
fs šrt šâratu
mp šrm šârūma
fp šrt šârātu
Passive Participle8888
Infinitive
šr šîru
5 The vowel is the theme vowelof the Imperfect/Prefix Conju-gation, doubled. The second maybe apocopated.6 Perhaps the u should be short.7 Perhaps contracted from* wiru?8 Unattested in II-Y.
1 Contracted from a presumed *bawaṯa.2 lengthened to compensate for the loss of w; Sivan argues (154) that those formswithout vocalic endings would have a: yabaṯ instead of yabṯ .3 Any Short form in C3
gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -na lengthened. 4 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
Imperative5555
ms bṯ baṯ
fs bṯ bāṯī 6
dual bṯ bāṯā
mp bṯ bāṯū
Active Participle
ms bṯ bâṯu7
fs bṯt bâṯatu
mp bṯm bâṯūma
fp bṯt bâṯātu
Passive Participle8888
Infinitive
bṯ bâṯu
5 The vowel is the theme vowelof the Imperfect/Prefix Conju-gation, doubled. The second maybe apocopated.6 Perhaps the u should be short.7 Perhaps contracted from*bwiṯu?8 Unattested in II-W.
1 The L stem replaces the D stem for II-Y/W verbs.2 The preformative vowel may be u like other Semitic languages (cf. Akkadian) or a likethe 1cs.3 Note, 1cs has ʾa not ʾu 4 Any Short form ending in C3
gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -nalengthened. 5 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
1 Note, in this stem for the common verb ṮṮṮṮWBWBWBWB, the of the stem assimilates to the ṯ ,thus ṯṯṯṯṯṯṯṯbbbb ṯaṯba < * aṯba < * aṯwiba (?)2 The preformative vowel may be u like other Semitic languages (cf. Akkadian) or a like the 1cs.3 Note, 1cs has ʾa not ʾu 4 Any Short form in C3
gets -u; in long V gets -na, except Dual -ni; fp -na lengthened. 5 Any Short form ending in C3 gets -a.
1 The L Stem replaces the D Stem for II-Y/W verbs.2 From * yiqtawin-/yiqtawan-.3 Only YṮB is attested in the Šp, and in this case, the partially assimilates to the ṯṯṯṯ: yuṯôṯab- < yuôṯab- < yuawṯab-.
1 The forms with y may also contract: banaya > banâ; banay > banû. 2 Contracted from *banayta; the form could be banîta < *baniyta (cf. BH ת י ב)3 The y is usually preserved in the forms with a vowel after it; otherwise it contracts:* yabniy > yabnî. Sometimes, even a triphthong will contract: yabniyu > yabnû.4 Any endingless Short form gets -u; in long V gets -na (Dual -ni); fp -na lengthened. 5 Any endingless Short form gets -a.
Imperative6666
ms bn(y) banî/baniya
fs bn(y) banî/baniyī
dual bny baniyā
mp bn(y) banû/baniyū
Active Participle
ms bny bāniyu
fs bnyt bāniyatu
mp bnym bāniyūma
fp bnyt bāniyātu
Passive Participle
ms bny banūyu
fs bnyt banūyatu
mp bnym banūyūma
fp bnyt banūyātu7
Infinitive
bny banāyu
bn banâ
6 These appear both with andwithout the y; the forms are notcertain.7 This form is also written bnwtbnwtbnwtbnwt banwtu, with the w as a glide?
1 The preformative vowel may be u like other Semitic languages (cf. Akkadian) or a like the 1cs.2 Note, 1cs has ʾa not ʾu 3 Any endingless Short form gets -u; in long V gets -na (Dual -ni); fp -na lengthened. 4 Any endingless Short form gets -a.
Imperative
Participle
ms mbny mubanniyu
fs mbnyt mubanniyatu
mp mbnym mubanniyūma
fp mbnyt mubanniyātu
Infinitive5555
bn bunnû
5 From the syllabic texts, not thealphabetic: ḫu-wu-ú ḥuwwû <*ḥuwwayu.
1 The preformative vowel may be u like other Semitic languages (cf. Akkadian) or a like the 1cs.2 Note, 1cs has ʾa not ʾu 3 Any endingless Short form gets -u; in long V gets -na (Dual -ni); fp -na lengthened. 4 Any endingless Short form gets -a.
1 Contracted from *banayta; the form could be banîta < *baniyta (cf. BH ת י ב)2 The 2ms would presumably be nbntnbntnbntnbnt nabnêta (cf. BH ת י ב .(נ3 In the only occurrence of an N prefixed form (ynphy ynphy ynphy ynphy yinpahiyu) the n does not assimilate, unexpectedly.4 < * yubnay.5 < *ʾibtanay, but perhaps the form should be ʾibtanî < *ʾibtaniy.6 < * yabannay.7 As in BH, the Št Stem only occurs with the root ḤWY.8 < * yitaḥwiy-.
1 Not infrequently, this class of verbs is treated like the strong verb, with both radicalswritten in the text; this paradigm will only treat the “irregular” forms.2 Only 3ms and 2ms are attested in weak forms; 3fs is attested once in a strong form.3 The form is yaC zuC 2C 3- if followed by a vowel, otherwise yaC zuC c . 4 Any endingless Short form gets -u; in long V gets -na (Dual -ni); fp -na lengthened. 5 Any endingless Short form gets -a.
Imperative
ms rb rub
fs rb rubblī
dual rb rubbā
mp rb rubbū
Active Participle6666
ms rb rabbu
fs rbt rabbatu
mp [ rbbm rābibūma ]
fp [ rbbt rābibātu ]
Passive Participle7777 ms rbb rabūbu
fs rbbt rabūbatu
mp rbbm rabūbūma
fp rbbt rabūbātu
Infinitive8888
rbt ribbatu
6 The plurals aretreated as strong.7 Treated as strong throughout.8 The attested form is ḥḥḥḥnthnthnthnthḥinnatihu (with 3ms suffix).
1 With this class of verbs, it is not clear whether the stem would be D, with a doublingof C2, or L, with a lengthening of the vowel after C1.2 The suffix conjugation is not attested in this stem.3 The preformative vowel may be u like other Semitic languages (cf. Akkadian) or a like the 1cs.4 Note, 1cs has ʾa not ʾu 5 Any endingless Short form gets -u; in long V gets -na (Dual -ni); fp -na lengthened. 6 Any endingless Short form gets -a.
1 With this class of verbs, it is not clear whether the stem would be D, with a doublingof C2, or L, with a lengthening of the vowel after C1.2 The suffix conjugation is not attested in this stem.3 The preformative vowel may be u like other Semitic languages (cf. Akkadian) or a like the 1cs.4 Note, 1cs has ʾa not ʾu 5 Any endingless Short form gets -u; in long V gets -na (Dual -ni); fp -na lengthened. 6 Any endingless Short form gets -a.
D Stem2222 yrbb yurabbib- rbb rabbib mrbb murabbibu
OR: L Stem yurābib- rābib murābibu
Š Stem šrb šaribba yšrbb yašarbib-
Gp Stem yrb yurabb-
Dp Stem yrbb yarabbab- mrbb murabbabu
OR: Lp Stem yarābab- murābabu
tD Stem ytrbb yatarabbib-
OR: tL Stem yatarābib-
Quadrilateral Verbs
Prefix Conj
R Stem ykrkr yakarkiru/yukarkiru
1 Not infrequently, this class of verbs is treated like the strong verb, with both radicals written in the text; this paradigmwill only treat the “irregular” forms.2 With this class of verbs, it is not clear whether the stem would be D, with a doubling of C 2, or L, with a lengthening of thevowel after C1.
1 This includes I-Guttural verbs, which are fully strong in Ugaritic.2 Contracted from a presumed *qayama/qawama.3 lengthened to compensate for the loss of w; Sivan argues (154) that those forms without vocalic endings would have u:
yaqum instead of yaqm.4 Perhaps contracted from *qwimu?5 Contracted from *banayta; the form could be banîta < *baniyta (cf. BH ת י ב)
1 This includes I-Guttural, II-Guttural, III-Guttural verbs and statives, which are fully strong in the N Stem.2 Only one form is attested: ntnntnntnntn nêtana/nôtana. The y yy y contracts, based on whether the verb was I-Y or I-W in Proto Semitic:I-y forms are ê < *ay, while I-W forms are ô < *aw.3 The 2ms would presumably be nbntnbntnbntnbnt nabnêta (cf. BH
ת י ב נ
).4 In the only occurrence of an N prefixed form (ynphy ynphy ynphy ynphy yinpahiyu) the n does not assimilate, unexpectedly.
II=III: D yrbb yurabbib- 214 rbb rabbib mrbb murabbibu
OR: L yurābib- 214 rābib murābibu
Quad: R ykrkr yakarkir- 214
1 This includes I-Guttural, II-Guttural, III-Guttural, I-N verbs and statives, which are fully strong in the D Stem.2 The preformative vowel can be either u or a.