UDPHS-Lasher Lab · • All respiratory cases at Lasher lab( Dec 2017- March 2018) screened for MG and MS in addition to IBV and ILT, and occasionally NDV if indicated. • No more

10/19/2018

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DMV Chicken Disease Update:

Daniel A. Bautista, DVM, MSA

Jack Gelb Jr., PhD DB

Brian Ladman, PhDB

Erin Brannick DVM, MSB

National Meeting on Poultry Health and Processing

Ocean City, MD

Oct 8-10, 2018ALasher Laboratory

Elbert N. and Ann V. Carvel Research and Education Center

Georgetown, Delaware 19947

(302) 856-1997

[email protected]

BDepartment of Animal and Food Sciences

Newark, Delaware 19716-2150

(302) 831-2524

Avian Biosciences Center

U of DE Poultry Health System (UDPHS)

Lasher Laboratory 2014 Allen Laboratory 1997

Poultry Health SystemActivity

Category2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total Lab Accessions

3914 5940 9640 7844 8456 8617 8450 8606 7110 7352 7237 8085 8153 9513

Necropsy cases (flocks)

620 987 1000 1095 1390 1114 815 823 1103 1450 990 1125 1141 1612

RoutineAvian Influenza Tests

1621 4332 3879 3699 3718 3701 3233 3926 3889 4229 5249 5373 6349

ELISA Accessions

(x15 samples)

2439(36,585)

2874(43,110)

1969(29,535)

1869(28,035)

1689(25,335)

2013(30,195)

1494(22,410)

1833(27,495)

2053(30,795)

2181(32,715)

1493(22,395)

1499(22,485)

1132(16,980)

2342(35,130)

SalmonellaPCR/Culture

0 0 259 599 1195 2085 2292 2601 462 894 1464 1144 1474 758

IBD Progeny ChallengeTesting (birds)

8K 20K 16 K 13K 13K 14K 7K 6K 12K 9K 8K 8K 8K 8K

College or Department name here 4

2016 USAHA Broiler Industry Survey

(Dr. Deirdre Johnson)

College or Department name here 5

Respiratory Disease Update

ALasher Laboratory

Elbert N. and Ann V. Carvel Research and Education Center

Georgetown, Delaware 19947

(302) 856-1997

[email protected]

BDepartment of Animal and Food Sciences

Newark, Delaware 19716-2150

(302) 831-2524

Avian Biosciences Center

10/19/2018

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Cold Weather and Respiratory Disease

College or Department name here 7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

Respiratory Dz Complex

Infectious Bronchitis : Respiratory Form

Air sac condemnations

Factors Impacting Respiratory Disease

Ventilation/Ammonia

Vaccination Program

IB Severity

Bird DensityBreed

Interval Between Flocks

Bacterial Infections

Immunosupression

IBV Vaccination

• Use the indicated dose

• Good vaccine handling and

administration to minimize

rolling reaction.

• Consistent vaccine use all

season.

• Good biosecurity to break the

disease cycle

College or Department name here 10

Source: Dr. Mark Jackwood

Seasonality of Adverse ILT Vaxn Reaction

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M

Live CEO ILT Vaccine Reaction

Vaccinal ILT

• Relatively well controlled in 2016-17 through

– CEO and Recombinant ILT vaxn

– Increased biosecurity

• Very few recent field breaks have very mild clinical signs and

severity, previous flock vaccinated with CEO derived LT vaxn.

• Whole genome sequencing of a recent field ILTV is 99.9 similar to a

commercial CEO-derived live ILT vaxn (Calvin Keeler lab).

College or Department name here 12

10/19/2018

3

College or Department name here 13

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

AI NDV vNDV IBV ILTV MG MS

Respiratory Dz Detections in Backyard Chicken Flock Necropsy

Cases (n=49 flocks)

2017 2018

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection

• Detected in a breeder flock in Dec 2017, limited spread to broiler

progeny due to enactment of biosecurity measures.

• Clear vertical transmission. Did not spread to other flocks or

companies.

• Genotyping results indicate a backyard flock chicken origin.

• All respiratory cases at Lasher lab( Dec 2017- March 2018)

screened for MG and MS in addition to IBV and ILT, and

occasionally NDV if indicated.

• No more MG detections after March 2018, but targeted passive

surveillance( suspect respiratory cases) still ongoing.

College or Department name here 14

MG

College or Department name here 15 College or Department name here 16

MG air sac lesions

MG Control

• Control programs should focus on primary and multiplier

breeder flocks

• Potential reservoirs are long-lived poultry ( backyard flocks, multiple

age layer flocks, free-ranging birds)

• All in-all out system and short lifespan of broilers work to curtail MG

infections in this sector

College or Department name here 17

Which Respiratory Disease?

Respiratory Disease RT-PCR Screening

Panel in the Diagnostic lab

can sort it out in 3hrs.

( AI, NDV, IBV, LT, MG, MS Real Time PCR)

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Gangrenous Dermatitis

College or Department name here 19

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

Gangrenous Dermatitis

IBD: Normal Bursa

IBD: Abnormal bursaPoultry Disease Update:

Enteric Disease

Avian Biosciences Center

Coccidiosis Necrotic Enteritis

College or Department name here 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

Coccidiosis

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

Coccidiosis

College or Department name here 24

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Necrotic Enteritis/Dysbacteriosis

caused by Clostridium perfringens bacteria

College or Department name here 25

Necrotic Enteritis Risk Factors

• Antibiotic- Free Flock Programs

• Coccidiosis infection

– Field infection, aggressive cocci vaccine cycling

• Certain Feed Ingredients

– High in Wheat/Barley, Bakery Meal, High DDGS

– Ingredient quality issues( DDGS, SBM nutrient inhibitors)

• Stocking Density/Stress

• Poor Husbandry /Stress

College or Department name here 26

How to reduce cocci and necrotic enteritis

• Rotation of cocci feed programs to avoid resistance.

• Avoid feed interruptions at all costs!

• Avoid stress at all times( stressed birds don’t eat, damaged lining of

the gut leads to enteritis)

• Smart use of prebiotic and probiotics to condition the gut.

• Proper windrowing kills cocci, bacteria and other bugs from

previous flock.

Chick Quality Issues

College or Department name here 28

Chick Quality: Critical Points

• Breeder Farm

– Initial egg weight in young breeder flocks

– Egg sanitation

– Enteric health

• Hatchery

– Egg storage time (egg age)

– Exploding eggs (“poppers”) during– “In Ovo” vaccination

– Tray washing and disinfection

– Malfunction of separators and conveyors

– Poor chick selection

• Broiler Farm

– Rough handling during transportation and placement

– Brooding conditions

Temperature, litters and air quality, water flow, etc.

Source: Dr. Miguel Ruano

Chick quality and BCO/ septic lameness

• As early as at one-day of

age

• Chicks from all companies

(all breeds)

• Throughout the year

• Two major components:

1. Dehydration (undersized

chicks)

2. Omphalitis

Source: Dr. Miguel Ruano

10/19/2018

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Unhealed navels & infected yolk sacs - Omphalitis

Generally, E. coli isolation

Unhealed Navels Infected Navels

32

Dehydration Retained Yolk

Chick Post-mortem

Yolk Infection Yolk Infection

College or Department name here 34

Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard

From 1 to 3 weeks of ageChronic omphalitis - polyserositis Chronic airsacc. - osteomyelitis

lame/“wing walkers” at 3 weeks

Bacterial Chondronecrosis and

Osteomyelitis

Incubation Stress, Breeder and Hatchery Sanitation issues contribute to poor bone development , bone necrosis,

secondary bacterial infection( BCO) 36

Bone Abcess Thigh joint infection Hip Joint Infection

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Normal Blood SupplyIncubation Stress = poor

bone dev’t, necrosis, infection

Bacterial Chondronecrosis and

Osteomyelitis

37

What is a good quality chick?

•Bright, alert and strong

•Fully-fleshed yellow legs

•Uniform size

•Minimum egg size 19oz/doz

•Healed navel

Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard

•Free of mechanical defects or infection

•Good tolerance of minor environmental fluctuations

and vaccination reaction.

Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard

Smaller, tired out, weak chicks are harder to

start

Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard

Poor Chick Quality

•Infection: -yolksac infection -navel infection -aspergillosis

•Dehydration- Starveout:

-small, weak chicks

•Injury

•Miscellaneous (pasty vents, genetic deformations, enlarged hearts)

Yolksac Infection

and Old Breeder Flocks

•Older flocks = Thin shells

•Management = Reduced

collection frequency

Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard

10/19/2018

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Yolksac Infection and Summer:

• Heat Stress = Thin Shells

• Heat + Humidity = Egg Sweating

Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard

Reduce Yolksac Infection

• Frequent egg collection (even old flocks)

• Clean nests, belts

• Careful egg handling, avoid breakage

• Avoid sweating eggs

• Avoid breeder heat stress

• Nutrition to maintain shell quality

Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard

Hatchery Environment / Management

• Hatchery ventilation capability

• Machine limitations

• Machine management

• Machine maintenance

• Correct pull time

• Sanitation

Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard

Brooding

•Temperature

•Litter Moisture

•Air

Movement

Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard

Comfort Zone

Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard

Important Points!• Temperature

• Feed

• Water

• Air Quality

• Lighting

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Temperature

Comfortable chicks Uncomfortable chicks

Source: Amy Syester

Feed

• Proper amount of feed is critical

– Lids should have a lot of feed before chicks arrive (early

intake)

– Too little feed leads to low weight gains

• Fresh feed must be present at all times when brooding

Source: Amy Syester

Water

• The most important nutrient!

• They drink 1.8 – 2 times the amount that they eat.

– no water = no feed consumed

– Check water meters ( a good way to spot sick/stressed

flock)

• Should always have access to clean water (Sanitize water

regularly)

• Water lines should be raised often

• Stand tubes should be clean so you can monitor regulator

pressure

Source: Amy Syester

Ventilation: Humidity Monitoring

Goal is to keep floors dry

(50-60%)

When litter sticks to your

shoes – It’s already too

wet (65%)

Source: Amy Syester

Lighting

Not enough Ideal lighting

Source: Amy Syester

Every time you go to houses

– Stop and observe

• Look at activity on feedlines

• See how many birds are drinking

• Sense what the ammonia and humidity are

– Listen to the activity and birds

• Birds will tell you when something is not right (loud

chirping)

• Listening to birds you can hear respiratory congestion

• Listen for equipment running

• Once you know what is “Normal”- problems will stand out

Source: Amy Syester

10/19/2018

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Create Daily Habits

• Check all houses before picking up dead

– Air quality, feed availability, water consumption

• Adjust water lines daily

– Birds will never know you are doing it

• Cull every day

– Culls eat 2 times the amount of feed and gain ½ the weight of the

average bird

• Checking birds frequently-maximizes performance

Source: Amy Syester