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UC 111 - Syllabus- Introduction to Biomimicry
Fall 2012
University College - Syllabus -University of Massachusetts
Boston 1 Updated: 07/25/2012
University of Massachusetts Boston University College
Instructor Information Anamarija Frankić, PhD
[email protected] Phone (W): 617 287 4415 Office Hours:
Arranged www.umb.edu/gbh
Course Information Course Title: Introduction to Biomimicry
Prerequisites: enthusiasm and curiosity This course functions as a
general elective that fulfills the natural science distribution for
bachelor’s degree-seeking students. The assigned papers #3 and #4
that are required for this course will qualify to meet the writing
proficiency requirement (WPR). (Please see page 4 in the Syll).
Course Description: This course is an introduction to the field of
biomimicry. “Biomimicry” (from Greek words bios, meaning life, and
mimesis, meaning to imitate) is a new discipline that studies
nature’s best ideas and then imitates these designs and processes
to solve human problems. However, etymology might lead us wrong, as
it might suggest that biomimicry is only about copying nature.
Biomorphism has already taken care of that; in the field of
aesthetics, it involves forms that proceed from nature. Nor is the
goal of biomimicry to feed technological innovation, the end to
which bionics is dedicated. Bionics observes the way living
organisms work and applies that knowledge to human creations:
robotics aeronautics or artificial intelligence. Therefore,
biomimicry is neither aesthetic nor technological. Rather, it
focuses on sustainable growth. According to the definition given by
Janine Benyus, it aims at “importing and adapting the principles
and strategies developed by living organisms and ecosystems to
produce sustainable goods and services and finally, to make human
societies compatible with the biosphere.” For example, biomimicry
might help create a solar cell that is inspired by a leaf’s
photosynthesis with chloroplast and chlorophyll by applying to the
solar cell the same principles of sustainability the leaf embodies.
, It might design a passive cooling system for buildings inspired
by a termite mound, or find new sustainable strategies for
restoring degraded ecosystems. The ultimate biomimicry level is
achieved when imitation is based on the scale of entire ecosystems.
The goal is to reproduce an ensemble of interactions that can be
found in any “mature” ecosystem, such as a tropical or temperate
forest, or estuarine wetlands.
mailto:[email protected]://www.umb.edu/gbh
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UC 111 - Syllabus- Introduction to Biomimicry
Fall 2012
University College - Syllabus -University of Massachusetts
Boston 2 Updated: 07/25/2012
Biomimicry asks the question: What would nature do? The goal is
to create sustainable products, processes, and policies by learning
from and “listening to” nature, to the wisdom held in biological
and ecological systems that has been evolving and accumulating over
the past 3.8 billion years. Natural systems and organisms provide
stunning examples of effective communication, resource production
and storage, and energy-efficient design. Animals, plants and
microbes are consummate engineers; they have found what works, what
is appropriate, and most importantly, what is sustainable.
Biomimicry is inspired by nature to study the structure and
function of biological materials for the purpose of analogous
synthetic design and manufacturing. It abstracts lessons from
nature into a sustainable human object, process and/or life cycle.
The instructor’s premise in teaching is that “The environment sets
the limits for sustainable development;” thus the local ecology is
the best place to learn and teach about sustainable living in
place. Required Texts: Benyus, Janine. 1997. 2002. Biomimicry:
Innovation Inspired by Nature. USA. Perennial. Adrian Bejan and J.
Peder Zane. 2012. Design in Nature. USA Doubleday. Terry,
Krautwurst. 2006. Secrets of Watching Wildlife. Jena, Ball. 2006.
Get To Know Nature. Frankić, A. et al. 2011. Teaching and learning
with nature using a biomimicry-based approach to restore three
keystone habitats: salt marsh, eel grass and shellfish beds.
Biomimicry Institute, Editor. Proceedings of the first biomimicry
in higher education webinar. January 29, 2011: TBI. Other Readings:
Meadows, Donella. 2009. Economics and Limits to Growth: What’s
Sustainable? McDonough, W. and M. Braungart. 2004. Cradle to
Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. Weisman, A. 2007. The
World Without Us. St. Martin’s Press. Wann, D. 1995. Deep Design:
Pathways to a Livable Future. Birkeland. J. 2002. Design For
Sustainability: Sourcebook of Integrated Ecological Solutions.
Course Overview: This class will explore past, present and future
examples of biomimetic solutions to human problems. We will learn
how experts in the field of biomimicry use nature’s organisms and
ecosystems as model, measure and mentor to discover sustainable
engineering, architectural, design, business operations,
management, restoration and product development solutions. We will
then have the opportunity to apply these methods ourselves. Course
Goals: The overall goal for the course is to introduce the
interdisciplinary field of biomimicry and provide real world
experiences applying its methods through individual and team work.
This class fulfills the science distribution requirement. Sstudents
are introduced to: a) what verbal reasoning and critical thinking
mean in science, and how these are applied in biomimicry; and
b)effective communication through several course assignments
including class discussions, group work, oral presentations and
written submissions. By the end of the course, students will: 1)
have a solid understanding of biomimicry and biomimetic examples,
2) be able to explain what biomimicry is to a variety of audiences
in a clear and concise manner, 3) assess lifelong problems using a
biomimetic mindset; and 4) be able to understand biomimicry life
principles as requirements in biomimetic techniques for sustainable
design solutions.
http://www.biomimicryinstitute.org/downloads/SecretsOfWatchingWildlife.pdfhttp://www.biomimicryinstitute.org/downloads/GetToKnowNature.pdf
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UC 111 - Syllabus- Introduction to Biomimicry
Fall 2012
University College - Syllabus -University of Massachusetts
Boston 3 Updated: 07/25/2012
Course Objectives (Fig. 1): 1) Develop a clear understanding of
biomimicry and how it may be used to find sustainable solutions
to human problems. 2) Strengthen nature observation and
connection skills through holistic (whole systems) pattern
recognition. 3) Learn and practice essential communication
skills –verbal, written, visual and science translation-
through individual and team exercises. 4) Develop critical
thinking and problem solving skills. 5) Foster engagement in
scientific discourse with audiences from non-scientific disciplines
through
real-world experiences. 6) Be able to apply biomimicry life
principles to a variety of case study examples. 7) The ability to
communicate effectively by presenting their biomimetic
designs/project ideas in
group and class discussions. 8) A recognition of the need for,
and an ability to engage in life-long learning by
understanding that biomimetic design, like nature, is an
evolving concept that can be continuously improved as our science
and technology design standards advance.
9) Gain knowledge of contemporary issues by using a biomimicry
search engine as a reference tool for their biomimetic design
concepts.
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UC 111 - Syllabus- Introduction to Biomimicry
Fall 2012
University College - Syllabus -University of Massachusetts
Boston 4 Updated: 07/25/2012
Required Assignments: 1. Case Study #1: What is resiliency? What
is sustainability? Provide examples for resiliency and
sustainability in both the ‘non-human’ natural and human
‘worlds.’(5 pp) The first assignment is designed to let you express
yourself clearly, tell an honest story and share what you think is
‘resiliency and sustainability’. How do you see it in the human
world and how do you see it in the natural word? This is your own
story – you are basing it on your current knowledge and
experiences. There is no recipe of how to write it. This is a
learning process for both of us – so I can learn from you about
your visions for resiliency and sustainability. Through your other
assignments we are going to see if with biomimicry your story as
well as my own story changes, or not. How do we perceive resiliency
and sustainability as individuals coming to a class of biomimicry?
How do we learn about practical resiliency and sustainability in
everyday life?
2. Case Study #2: Now that you understand the basic concepts of
sustainability and resiliency please go to: Ask Nature.org. Choose
an example from the natural world and apply it to the human world
as your first biomimicry case study. Why did you choose this
example? Explain what and why would this example contribute to if
it were to be applied in the ‘human world’? What makes you think
that it might be a sustainable solution? (5pp)
3. Case Study #3: Continue with your Ask Nature biomimicry
example. Now use at least two of the six biomimicry principles to
design a case/project that will bring the natural and human
‘worlds’ together. Tell a story by following simple questions:
what, where, why, how, and when? How can we learn from nature? Is
there a recipe? (5pp) (Fig.2)
4. Case Study #4 - Project team paper: You will team up with
another student(s) .Based on your individual three papers; build a
case project together that addresses biomimicry examples from
nature. You will have an opportunity to describe with your team:
vision; design (with goals and objectives); or/and
technological/engineering solution that inspired you by nature. Use
biomimicry life principles to guide your ‘solution story’; use art
and any media as a way to describe it and help to visualize it.
This will be a preparation for your final project design and
presentation. (6pp)
5. Case Study #5 - Final Project/Team Presentation: Create a 15
minute presentation (e.g. video, ppt or any other media) based on
your project team paper that illustrates your understanding of
biomimicry as a solution in addressing a particular human need to
live more sustainably with nature.
Figure 2. Biomimicry Life’s Principles (BI, 2011)
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UC 111 - Syllabus- Introduction to Biomimicry
Fall 2012
University College - Syllabus -University of Massachusetts
Boston 5 Updated: 07/25/2012
Course Policies: Participation - Participation includes
completing all required reading and writing assignments prior to
class, thoughtfully participating in discussions, and actively
participating in field trips, as well as taking responsibility for
helping to create a positive learning situation by arriving
promptly, listening respectfully, and dialoging constructively.
Attendance - Be there. You are expected to attend class and
field trips regularly. Commitment – You are expected to think
critically, think eloquently, and be curious Late Work – It will be
your responsibility to submit necessary documentation for
excuse of any missed class or assignment. Grading: The grade
type for the course is a whole letter grade. (Please see table
below)
Please see the Undergraduate Programs Catalog for more detailed
information on the University’s grading policy.
UMass Boston Graduate Grading Policy
Letter Grade Percentage
Quality Points
A 92-100% 4.0
B 81-91% 3.0
C 70-80% 2.0
D 60-69% 1.0
F 0-59% 0.0
INC Given under very restricted terms and only when satisfactory
work has been accomplished in
majority of coursework. Contract of completion terms is
required. N/A
INC/F Received for failure to comply with contracted completion
terms. N/A
W Received if withdrawal occurs before the withdrawal deadline.
N/A
AU Audit (only permitted on space-available basis) N/A
NA Not Attending (student appeared on roster, but never attended
class. Student is still responsible
for tuition and fee charges unless withdrawal form is submitted
before deadline. NA has no effect
on cumulative GPA.)
N/A
Course Rubric: [Create a grading rubric for your course that is
specific and measureable]
Assignment/Deliverable Relevant Course Objective
Points Grade %
1. Case study 1 1,2,6 10 10
2. Case study 2 2,3,6 15 15
3. Case study 3 1,3,4,6 20 20
4. Case study 4 1,3,4,5,6 20 20
Final Project/Presentation 2,3,4,5,6 20 20
Group Work 5 5
Participation (as defined above) 5 5
Attendance (as defined above) 5 5
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UC 111 - Syllabus- Introduction to Biomimicry
Fall 2012
University College - Syllabus -University of Massachusetts
Boston 6 Updated: 07/25/2012
Section 504 and the American with Disabilities Act of 1990 offer
guidelines for curriculum modifications
and adaptations for students with documented disabilities. If
applicable, you may obtain adaptation
recommendations from the UMass Boston Ross Center
(508-287-7430). You need to present and discuss
these recommendations with me within a reasonable period, prior
to the end of the Drop/Add period.
You are advised to retain a copy of this syllabus in your
personal files for use when applying for future
degrees, certification, licensure, or transfer of credit.
Code of Student Conduct All work submitted for this class must
represent your own thinking and writing. Copying or substantial
paraphrasing without appropriate citations or copying of the
overall presentation structure from
textbooks, journal articles, newspaper articles, or the World
Wide Web will be considered plagiarism.
Students are required to adhere to the University’s policy on
Academic Standards, for work in this course,
and all others due during your academic career, please be
advised that the University has provided a fairly
detailed review of academic conduct, in general. Those can be
found on-line at:
http://www.management.umb.edu/undergrad/undergrad_doc_guide.php
Additionally, you need to understand the circumstances that
merit attribution of others’ work and the
manner in which appropriate references should be made. A good
general overview of proper quoting,
paraphrasing and summarizing practices is set forth in
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/563/01/ . While
students are encouraged to discuss course
themes, topics and ideas amongst you and draw on class
discussions any and all graded assignments must
represent the individual work of the individual student
submitting them.
Students are required to adhere to the Code of Student Conduct,
including requirements for the
Academic Honesty Policy, delineated in the University of
Massachusetts Boston Graduate Studies Bulletin
and relevant program student handbook(s).
http://media.umassp.edu/massedu/policy/3-08%20UMB%20Code%20of%20Conduct.pdf
https://email.umb.edu/exchweb/bin/redir.asp?URL=http://www.management.umb.edu/undergrad/undergrad_doc_guide.phphttps://email.umb.edu/exchweb/bin/redir.asp?URL=http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/563/01/http://media.umassp.edu/massedu/policy/3-08%20UMB%20Code%20of%20Conduct.pdf
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UC 111 - Syllabus- Introduction to Biomimicry
Fall 2012
University College - Syllabus -University of Massachusetts
Boston 7 Updated: 07/25/2012
Course Schedule Include dates of class meetings (or meeting
number), topics to be discussed, relationship to objectives,
readings, HW assignments and due dates.
Session 1. Date, Topic: Defining biomimicry.
Objective(s) and Learning Methods: Develop a clear understanding
of biomimicry; sharing stories, verbal and visual communication.
Students discover the world of nature‐inspired innovation. They
will be exposed to biomimicry basics as well as case studies of
human designs that utilize strategies in common with living
organisms. Students will also begin to develop a rapport with other
class members and gain familiarity with biological terms. Students
will: ‐ Develop vocabulary related to biological processes and
biomimicry ‐ Identify examples of the use of biomimicry ‐ Convey
design connections with the natural environment as well as gaining
exposure to alternative viewpoint (?) Subject Areas: ‐ Science
(Environmental, Biology, Geology) ‐ Language Arts ‐ History ‐
Geography Readings: Benyus, Chapter 1
Assignment(s) and Due Date: HW.
Vocabulary & Resources Biomimicry, Biome, Biomimicry
Institute, Janine Benyus, Design Spiral, Life’s Principles,
AskNature.org Session 2. Date, Topic: Why Biomimicry matters? Field
trip: Hello Malibu beach! Objective(s) and Learning Methods:
Develop a clear understanding of biomimicry. Strengthen nature
observation and connection skills. Abstract/apply observations to
build/alter/adopt settings. Readings: Jenna Ball, Chapters on
mimicking natural forms, process and systems; www.umb.edu/gbh :
Website on students’ projects in Boston Harbor.
Assignment(s) and Due Date: HW
Session 3. Date, Topic: Biomimicry examples – what, where, why,
how, and when?
Objective(s) and Learning Methods: Develop a clear understanding
of biomimicry and how it may be used to find sustainable solutions
to human problems; sharing stories, verbal and visual
communication.
Readings: Benyus, Chapter 2-4
Assignment(s) and Due Date: Case Study #1
http://www.umb.edu/gbh
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UC 111 - Syllabus- Introduction to Biomimicry
Fall 2012
University College - Syllabus -University of Massachusetts
Boston 8 Updated: 07/25/2012
Session 4. Date, Topic: How do we ask and learn from nature?
Field trip: Clamming and seeding.
Objective(s) and Learning Methods: Strengthen nature observation
and connections skills. Abstract observation of built natural and
human settings.
Readings: From Ask Nature? And from the Department of Marine
Fisheries shellfish programs:
http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dmf/programsandprojects/shelsani.htm
Assignment(s) and Due Date: HW
Session 5. Date, Topic: Sustainability and Biomimicry.
Objective(s) and Learning Methods: Develop a clear understanding
of biomimicry and how it may be used to find sustainable solutions
to human problems; sharing stories, verbal and visual
communication.
Readings: Donella Meadows.
Assignment(s) and Due Date: Case study #2
Session 6. Date, Topic: Biomimicry Life Principles. Possible
field trip: Boston harbor by boat.
Life’s Principles are nature’s way of measuring success. While
many of these principles assist with survival, they can also inform
designs that strives to exist in a natural world rather than just
in a technological environment. Life’s Principles can also provide
inspiration for processes and methodologies that would be
appropriate to human design and construction. Life’s Principles are
a set of patterns exhibited by life that contribute to life’s
ability to survive and thrive. The instructor will present an
overview of the diagram of Life’s Principles and will highlight
comparisons of natural and human design solutions. For example,
nature utilizes benign manufacturing using water‐based chemistry,
life‐friendly materials and self‐assembly. Nature optimizes rather
than maximizes, by fitting form to function, utilizing
multi‐functional design and recycling all materials. Nature
leverages interdependence by self‐organizing and fostering
cooperative relationships. Objective(s) and Learning Methods:
Strengthen nature observation and connection skills.
Abstract/apply
observations to built (and/or other) settings. Students will: ‐
Describe the operating conditions of our planet, including
water‐based chemistry, dynamic non‐equilibrium and limits and
boundaries ‐ Give examples of Life’s Principles ‐ Relate the
importance of design that incorporates Life’s Principles Subject
Areas ‐ Science (Environmental, Biology) ‐ Social Studies
Vocabulary Water‐based chemistry, feedback loops, benign
manufacturing, cyclic processes, self‐assembly, multi‐functional
design, cooperative relationships Readings: Ball, get to know
nature; Boston Harbor Islands background information, Savin Hill
cove visit; http://www.bostonharborislands.org Assignment(s) and
Due Date: HW
http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dmf/programsandprojects/shelsani.htmhttp://www.bostonharborislands.org/
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UC 111 - Syllabus- Introduction to Biomimicry
Fall 2012
University College - Syllabus -University of Massachusetts
Boston 9 Updated: 07/25/2012
Session 7. Date, Topic: Biomimicry principles: Nature as a
model, measure and method.
Objective(s) and Learning Methods: Develop a clear understanding
of biomimicry and how it may be used to find sustainable solutions
for human problems; sharing stories, verbal and visual
communication.
Readings: Biomimicry Institute; Bejan – Design in Nature – where
does form come from?
Assignment(s) and Due Date: HW
Session 8. Date, Topic: Biomimicry Life principles. Field trip:
Squantum salt marsh.
Objective(s) and Learning Methods: Strengthen nature observation
and connection skills. Abstract/apply observations to built (or
other) settings.
Readings: Terry Krautwurst; www.gbh.umb.edu; salt marsh
restoration in Boston Harbor.
Assignment(s) and Due Date: Case study #3
Session 9. Date, Topic: Biomimicry Life principles (cont.);
design and science.
Objective(s) and Learning Methods: Develop a clear understanding
of biomimicry and how it may be used to find sustainable solutions
to human problems; in particular, understand how the biomimicry
life principles, when properly applied, constrain design to
solutions supportive of ecology and biology. Sharing stories,
verbal and visual communication.
Readings: Biomimicry Institute/AskNature; Birkeland .
Assignment(s) and Due Date: HW
Session 10. Date, Topic: Biomimicry Life principles and their
applications. Field trip: Spectacle island.
Objective(s) and Learning Methods: Strengthen nature observation
and connection skills. Abstract/apply observations to built (or
other) settings.
Readings: Janine Benyus and Biomimicry Institute;
http://www.bostonharborislands.org/spectacle
Assignment(s) and Due Date: HW
Session 11. Date, Topic: Biomimicry and holistic science
approach.
Objective(s) and Learning Methods: Understand how biomimicry
fits within a framework of holistic sciences; sharing stories,
verbal and visual communication.
Reading: Frankic et al, 2011. article
Assignment(s) and Due Date: Case study#4 paper due.
Session 12. Date, Topic: Biomimicry and future applications.
Field trip: Thompson Island.
Objective(s) and Learning Methods: Strengthen nature observation
skills. Abstract/apply observations to built (or other)
settings.
http://www.gbh.umb.edu/http://www.bostonharborislands.org/spectacle
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UC 111 - Syllabus- Introduction to Biomimicry
Fall 2012
University College - Syllabus -University of Massachusetts
Boston 10 Updated: 07/25/2012
Readings:
http://www.ecofriend.com/entry/future-perfect-using-biomimicry-to-create-sustainable-products/;
http://www.thompsonisland.org/
Assignment(s) and Due Date: Case study #5 student
presentations.
Session 13. Date, Topic: Group Evaluations of Student
Projects.
Objective(s) and Learning Methods: Hone communication skills
–verbal, written, visual and science translation; Constructive and
positive critical thinking and evaluation.
Readings: Biomimicry Guild - Next steps?
Assignment(s) and Due Date: Your next steps?
Bibliography
[Current Bibliography must be in APA format. Include recommended
Readings and Websites.]
Architecture
Animal Architecture. Jennifer Owings Dewey. 1991.
Animal Architecture. Karl von Frisch. 1974.
Biophilic Cities: Integrating Nature Into Urban Design. Timothy
Beatley. 2011.
Design and Nature II. Ed M. W. Collins et. Al. 2004.
Ecologically engineering cities through integrated sustainable
systems planning. Isaac Brown and Steve
Kellenberg. 2008
Wonders of Animal Architecture. Sigmund A. Lavine. 1964.
Biology
Biomimetics Learning from Nature, Amitava Mukherjee, InTech
.2010. ISBN 978-953-307-025-4
Color in Nature. Penelope Farrant. 1999.
Design and Nature II. Ed M. W. Collins et Al. 2004.
Life Itself: Exploring the Realm of the Living Cell. Boyce
Rensberger. 1998.
Natural Earth, Living Earth. Miranda Smith and Steve Parker.
1996.
The Work of Nature: How the Diversity of Life Sustains Us.
Yvonne Baskin, et al. 1997.
http://www.ecofriend.com/entry/future-perfect-using-biomimicry-to-create-sustainable-products/http://www.ecofriend.com/entry/future-perfect-using-biomimicry-to-create-sustainable-products/
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UC 111 - Syllabus- Introduction to Biomimicry
Fall 2012
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Boston 11 Updated: 07/25/2012
Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature. Janine Benyus.
1997.
Exploring the Way Life Works: The Science of Biology. Mahlon B.
Hoagland., et. Al. 2001
The Hidden Powers of Animals. Carl P.N. Shuker. 2001.
The Way Nature Works. Ed. Jill Bailey. 1992.
Weird Nature. John Downer. Firefly Books. 2002.
Chemistry
Biomineralization. Stephen Mann. 2002.
Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice. Paul T. Anastas, John
Charles Warner. 2000.
Design
Biologic: Environmental Protection by Design. David Wann.
1990.
Cat’s Paws and Catapults: Mechanical World of Nature and People.
Steven Vogel. 1998.
Deep Design: Pathways to a livable Future. David Wann. 1996.
Design and Nature II. Ed M. W. Collins et. Al. 2004.
Design for the Real World, Human Ecology and Social Change.
Victor Papanek. 1984.
Design in Nature: Learning from Trees. Claus Mattheck. 2004.
Design Lessons from Nature. Benjamin De Brie Taylor. 1974.
Design with Nature. Ian L. McHarg. 1969.
Economics/Business
Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution.
Paul Hawken, Amory Lovins, and L.Hunter
Lovins. 2000.
Nature of Economies. Jane Jacobs. 2000.
The Living Company. Arie de Geus. 1997.
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UC 111 - Syllabus- Introduction to Biomimicry
Fall 2012
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Boston 12 Updated: 07/25/2012
Engineering
Biomimetics: Biologically Inspired Technologies. Ed. Yoseph
Bar-Cohen. 2005.
Mechanical Design in Organisms. Stephen A. Wainwright. 1982.
Design Homology. David Offner. 1995.
Nature and Design. Ed M. W. Collins, et. Al. 2004.
Evolution
On Growth and Form: The Complete Revised Edition. D’Arcy
Wentworth Thompson. 1992.
Survival Strategies: Cooperation and Conflict in Animal
Societies. Raghavendra Gadagkar. 1997.
General Science
Basic Nature. Andrew Scott. 2002.
Nature and Design. Ed M. W. Collins, et. Al. 2004.
A Short History of Nearly Everything. Bill Bryson. 2004.
Innovation
Invention by Design. Henry Petroski. 1996.
Nature: Mother of Invention. Felix Paturi. 1976.
The Gecko’s Foot: Bio-inspiration, Engineering New Materials and
Devices from Nature. Peter Forbes.
2005.
Material Science
Biomimetic Materials Chemistry. Stephen Mann (Editor). 1995.
Biomineralization. Stephen Mann. 2002.
Biomolecular Materials. Ed. Christopher Viney et al. Materials
Research Society. Volume 292. 1992.
Design and Nature II. Ed M. W. Collins et. Al. 2004.
Structural Biomaterials: (Revised Edition). Julian F.V. Vincent.
1990.
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UC 111 - Syllabus- Introduction to Biomimicry
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Boston 13 Updated: 07/25/2012
Mathematics
Life’s Other Secret: The New Mathematics of the Living World.
Ian Stewart. 1999.
The Sizesaurus: From Hectares to Decibels to calories, a Witty
Compendium of Measurements. Stephen
Strauss. 1995.
Mechanics
Exploring Biomechanics: Animals in Motion. R. McNeill Alexander.
1992.
Life’s Devices: The Physical World of Animals and Plants. Steven
Vogel, Rosemary Calvert. 1988.
Life in Moving Fluids. Steven Vogel. 1996.
Structural Biomaterials: (Revised Edition). Julian F.V. Vincent.
1990.
Structure, Form, Movement. Heinrich Hertel. 1963.
The Biomechanics of Insect Flight. Robert Dudley. 2002.
Patterns
The Curves of Life. Theodore A. Cook. 1979
The Power of Limits: Proportional Harmonies in Nature, Art and
Architecture. Gyorgy Doczi. 1981.
The Self-Made tapestry: Pattern Formation in Nature. Philip
Ball. 2001.
The Shape of Life. Nancy Burnett. 2002.
Systems Science
Buckminster Fuller’s Universe. Lloyd Steven Sieden. 1989.
Emergence: The Connected Lives of Ants Brains, Cities, and
Software. Steven Johnson. 2001.