Ubuntu

Introduction

Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating system, with Unity as its default desktop environment. It is based on free software and named after the Southern African philosophy of ubuntu

Development of Ubuntu is led by UK-based Canonical Ltd., a company owned by South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth

Features of Ubuntu

A default installation of Ubuntu contains a wide range of software that includes LibreOffice, Firefox, Thunderbird, Transmission, and several lightweight games such as Sudoku and chess

GIMP, Pidgin, and Synaptic, are accessible from the built in Ubuntu Software Center as well as any other APT based package management tool. Execution of Microsoft Office and other Microsoft Windows applications can be facilitated via the Wine compatibility package or through the use of a virtual machine such as VirtualBox or VMware Workstation

Security

Ubuntu's goal is to be secure "out-of-the box". By default, the user's programs run with low privileges and cannot corrupt the operating system or other user's files

It has Sandbox technology

Boot Loader

Ubuntu uses GRUB which is developed under GNU project

It will generate boot loading entries residing inside MBR

GRUB config file:/boot/grub/grub.config

How GRUB Works?

First thing;’s first Boot.img is loded at the initial stage which is an essential file for booting which generates core.img

Core.img is used to load the rest of the files

Desktop enviroments on Ubuntu

KDE:more functionality,higher Ram usage than other, animations,etc

GNOME:Compact,slicky,easy to use

XFCE:Easy to use,faster,low power usage etc.

LXDE:very light compact,light RAM usage, very low power consumption

File System in ubuntu

Ubuntu uses EXT journaling file system An advantage of the journaling file system is that it’s

atomic in nature ALL or None principle is followed Types of Journaling partitions ext2,ext3,ext4

Software Management

Software can be installed and uninstalled using Ubuntu software center

Software run on user level Software can also be installed using terminal by using

sudo –apt install “software name”

Virus Free!!!

Most linux system are safe and secure Most Trojan and viruses are blocked Firestarter can be used as firewall and clam TK can be

used as antivirus scanner

Third-party software

Ubuntu has a certification system for third-party software.Some third-party software that does not limit distribution is included in Ubuntu's multiverse component. The package ubuntu-restricted-extras additionally contains software that may be legally restricted, including support for MP3 and DVD playback, Microsoft TrueType core fonts

Adobe flash plugin cannot be used!!!

Version Code name Release dateSupported until

Desktop Server

10.04 LTS Lucid Lynx 2010-04-29Old version, no

longer supported: 2013-05-09

Older version, yet still supported:

2015-04-30

10.10 Maverick Meerkat 2010-10-10Old version, no longer supported: 2012-

04-10

11.04 Natty Narwhal 2011-04-28Old version, no longer supported: 2012-

10-28

11.10 Oneiric Ocelot 2011-10-13Old version, no longer supported: 2013-

05-09

12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin 2012-04-26Older version, yet still supported: 2017-

04

12.10 Quantal Quetzal 2012-10-18Old version, no longer supported: 2014-

05-16

13.04 Raring Ringtail 2013-04-25Old version, no longer supported: 2014-

01-27[28]

13.10 Saucy Salamander 2013-10-17Old version, no longer supported: 2014-

07-17

14.04 LTS[62] Trusty Tahr 2014-04-17Older version, yet still supported: 2019-

0414.10 Utopic Unicorn[63] 2014-10-23[64] Current stable version: 2015-0715.04 Vivid Vervet[65] 2015-04-23 Future release: 2016-01

Ubuntu Touch

Ubuntu Touch is an alternate version of Ubuntu developed for smartphones and tablets which was announced on 2 January 2013. Ubuntu Touch was Released To Manufacturing on 16 September 2014 The first device to run it was the Galaxy Nexus