Ubuntu 11.10 and Unity Special Edition EN

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Full CircleTHE INDEPENDENT MAGAZINE FOR THE UBUNTU LINUX COMMUNITY

UBUNTU 11.10 and UNITY SPECIAL EDITION

UBUNTUUBUNTU

11.10 and11.10 andUNITYUNITY

Full Circle Magazine is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by Canonical Ltd



Full Circle Magazine is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by Canonical Ltd

How-To How-To

The articles contained in this magazine are released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0Unported license. This means you can adapt, copy, distribute and transmit the articles but only under the following conditions: you mustattribute the work to the original author in some way (at least a name, email or URL) and to this magazine by name ('Full Circle Magazine') and

the URL www.fullcirclemagazine.org (but not attribute the article(s) in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). If you alter, transform, orbuild upon this work, you must distribute the resulting work under the same, similar or a compatible license.

Full Circle Magazine is entirely independent of Canonical, the sponsor of Ubuntu projects and the views and opinions in the magazine should in no way beassumed to have Canonical endorsement.

Editorial p.01

Unity Overview p.01

11.10 Feature List p.02

Configuring Unity p.03

Explore the Unity Dash p.04

Use the Right Terms p.05

Opinion p.17

Unity and HUD p.18

Revew: Simplify Your Life p.20

Testing for Unity Support p.06

Update the Ocelot p.07

One Conf Sync p.07

Enable Third Party Sources p.07

Additional Drivers p.07

Security in 11.10 p.14

Add Users to Groups p.14

Fix 'Untrusted Packages' p.15

Disable Guest Login p.16

Home Folder Encryption p.16

Tweak the Unity Desktop p.08

Installing dconf-editor p.08

Change the Icon Theme p.08

Whitelist for Notifications p.08

Create a Desktop Shortcut p.09

Bring Back File Search p.09

Disable 'For Download' p.09

Add Places as Quicklists p.10

Disable Overlay Scrollbars p.10Stop Zeitgeist Logging p.11

Bypass Software Centre p.11

Hide Mounted Drives p.11

Get More AppIndicators p.11

Fallback to Gnome Panels p.12

Change LightDM Greeter p.13

Gnome Compositing Fix p.13

Reset Unity To Defaults p.13

Full CircleTHE INDEPENDENT MAGAZINE FOR THE UBUNTU COMMUNITY



omething of an unusualSpecial Edition this time, itreally is special in that little

of this material has appeared inFull Circle Magazine before.

SOur on-going Specials arecompilations of popular articleseries published in prior editionsof Full Circle. For this one, we'reout on a limb, running newarticles, albeit on some familiartopics we've touched on, forexample in the Q and A section

of the magazine.This is also the first not overseenby our esteemed Editor, MrTucker. You are now at the mercyof the demented genius usuallyin charge (if you can call it that)of the Full Circle Podcast.

While that show is enjoying itsWinter break, try not to be tooalarmed by the random mind of

the man who brought youMallard Man and Northern Star Trek .

Normal service will be resumedshortly. Enjoy.

Robin Catling

full circle magazine: ubuntu 11.10 and unity 1 contents ^

This magazine created with:

EDITORIAL / OVERVIEW OF 11.10 and UNITYEDITORIAL / OVERVIEW OF 11.10 and UNITYRobin CatlingRobin Catling

What's the Plan?

his edition is intended as anall-round introduction to the

Ubuntu 11.10 and Unitycombo. I've written and postedmuch in the past on working withthe alternatives to Unity; in thisedition, we'll take a look at whatmakes it unique, along with someof the tools and tips you can useto ease into Unity without goingfor the whole body-shop-and-chopradical re-build. Be aware thatsome of the settings and toolswe're playing here with can breakyour Unity desktop.

T

11.10 to Unity

Unity first appeared in 2010 in theoriginal Ubuntu 10.10 NetbookEdition, a re-spin whichattempted, much like Sugar OSand others, to provide a simplified,friendlier interface on the

smaller, vertically challengeddisplays of the first generationnetbooks. For many people, thesewere the first computers they hadever owned.

Ubuntu 11.04 was the official

release of the Unity desktopacross netbooks, desktops, andlaptops, alike.

From this... (Ubuntu Netbook Re-mix)

“Unity is a shell for GNOME, even if it isn't GNOME-Shell. We're committed to the principles and values of GNOME. ”

-Mark Shuttleworth,Ubuntu Founder

Ubuntu 11.10 marks the fullcommitment to Unity in place of

alternative layouts; GNOME-2 ishistory, the radical GNOME-Shell isan acquired taste and alternativessuch as KDE, Xfce and others areonly slowly gaining ground.

Even though there is GNOME

Foundation technology beneath,Canonical, Ubuntu's distributor,has made the decision to go withits own distinctive user interface.As you'll see when we look at thefuture and the HUD, it's notfinished yet.

...to this (Ubuntu 11.10)




UBUNTU 11.10 FEATURE LISTUBUNTU 11.10 FEATURE LIST

Release the Ocelot!

The latest version of Ubuntu,

11.10, eccentrically codenamed'Oneiric Ocelot', was released onOctober 13, 2011.

What's new?

You can see the list of newfeatures on the right. There'smore detail on the official Ubuntuwebsite, or you can take thesnazzy visual tour. You candownload the latest builds indesktop or server edition, 32-bitor 64-bit, directly from the UbuntuDownload page.

You can follow the same upgradeprocess as normal. Simply upgrade

from the Update Manager; yoursettings, files and bookmarks willstay the same. It works. Mostly.

I will qualify that statement as thein-place upgrade workedflawlessly on three of the fourlaptops, a mixed bag of old andnew. Back up your data andsettings before you begin.

The Unity launcher and dash aredistinctive features in this release;defaulting to Unity 3-D with afallback to Unity 2-D. There is no

GNOME desktop installed in thisversion. You can of course, opt togo Kubuntu (KDE) or Xubuntu(Xfce) as your desktop of choice.

Will it work with myhardware?

Among the FAQs, this is answeredwith: “Ubuntu 11.10 is built to takeadvantage of the very latest

technologies, but it should workon most desktops, laptops andnetbooks too.” Although this failsto point out the need for a 3-Dhardware accelerated video cardfor Unity 3-D.

Feature List

For the desktop edition:

● Linux Kernel 2.6.40 (sinceupdated to 3.0.0)

● GNOME-3, but with Unity inplace of Gnome Shell

● GTK 3 (GTK+, or the GIMPToolkit, is a multi-platformtoolkit for creating graphicaluser interfaces)

● LightDM as default loginmanager

● X.org 1.10 (the X WindowSystem, often referred tomerely as X, is a complete,cross-platform and free client-server system for managing

graphical user interfaces (GUIs)on computers)

● Unity improvements and bug

fixing over 11.04

● Unity usability, accessibility,automated and stress testing –so it is now much more robust

● Mozilla Thunderbird as thedefault mail client

● Déja Dup application forbackup tasks

● Utilities for building localizedCDs

● Backports package selectionwas integrated into the UI

● Improvements to SoftwareCenter's Reviews and Ratingsfunctions

●

Improved Multi-arch (allows 32-bit applications to run in 64-bit)

● Python updated to version 2.7and 3.2

● New artwork.

http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/whats-new



http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/take-the-tour


http://www.ubuntu.com/download












CONFIGURING UNITY IN UBUNTU 11.10CONFIGURING UNITY IN UBUNTU 11.10

ou may be a little disappoin-ted with this one, since it isreally about how little you

can configure; indeed, how littleCanonical, the company behindUbuntu, wants you to configureUnity.

YYou'll find various opinions on thissubject, the most telling at AskUbuntu

, a generally excellent

knowledge-base, where aspokesperson for the Unitydevelopment team isuncharacteristically blunt:

“I understand that people wantthe freedom to tweak their

desktops, but as soon as you useCompiz Config Settings Manager(CCSM), you have basically optedout of Unity's future. The bugs youreport will not matter since you'renot running the defaults, and anyinput you may have will be skewedby the customized user experienceyou've devised.”

So there! Yah-boo sucks! If youwant to change it, you're not partof the future. There is an attemptto be a little more conciliatoryhowever:

“Making a new desktop ischallenging, and we can't do it

without you. That means filingbugs, proposing new use caseswith mock ups, and of course:running the defaults throughoutyour day.” – ppetraki, 11/22/2011

None of which actually answersthe question.

Well, you could try elsewhere onAsk Ubuntu, where there areindexes for both 11.10 and 11.04versions.

For the hardware-challenged user

needing to configure Unity 2D

,you have a separate index.

Most of the answers listed thereinvolve the use of Compiz ConfigSettings Manager, dconf-editor orsome elements of Ubuntu Tweak.

Be aware that many of these canbreak your system and render itunusable. What they still don't do

is open up many features of Unity's behavior since, well,Canonical just doesn't trust you tomess with them.

It's Open Source, Jim, but not as we know it!

Scopes and Lenses

ince the 11.04 release, Unityhas moved from the idea of “Places” to a richer set of

“Scopes and Lenses.” Scopes aredata sources, able to tap into anyon-line or off-line data, encom-passing a set of filters and somestandard interfaces that cangenerate categorized results for asearch. Lenses are various ways topresent the data that come fromScopes.

S

Ubuntu intends for Scopes to havea range of filtering options, suchas ratings, “show me all the 5 starapps in the Software Centerplease,” and categories “…thatare games or media related”.

There's more about lenses overthe page.

Join Full Circle on:● Google Plus

● Facebook

● Twitter

● Linkedin

● Ubuntu forums

http://askubuntu.com/questions/29553/how-can-i-configure-unity




http://askubuntu.com/questions/29553/how-can-i-configure-unity/62903#62903



http://askubuntu.com/questions/32667/how-do-i-configure-unity-2d

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EXPLORE THE UNITY DASHEXPLORE THE UNITY DASH

t's a shameless steal fromJorge Castro's The PowerUser's Guide to Unity

, which haslinks to all manner of useful Unitystuff over there.

IOne such is the link to theUbuntu.com 'What's New' look atthe Unity Dash

, with a rathersplendid 8-point guide to findingyour way around the Dash.

“When you click on the Ubuntulogo in the top-left corner of thelauncher, the new Dash willappear. It’s another simple way toget to your shortcuts and searchfor other applications andprograms. So you can get fastaccess to your email, music,pictures and much more. And youcan search by type of app or filewith our new filters menu.”

Life Through a Lens

t's another item of newterminology that we're going tosee more often in Unity: what is

a Lens?IOur faithful guide to all thingsUnity, Jorge Castro, provides thisdefinition:

“It is a graphical interface for atask, it is also linked in with the

dash for search results. Forexample when clicking theapplication lens it shows the appsin a nice, slick interface, with otherresults for like apps to downloadand most frequent apps.”

There's a shorter answer:

“Lenses are elements of the Unity

Dash that provide a UI to searchboth the web and applicationdata.”

We've shown the illustration of the Music lens on this page.

There's already a stack of third-

party lenses you can install toenhance your Unity experience;

check out the post on Ask Ubuntufor examples and installationinstructions, but bear in mindthese are third party developedand not from Canonical, so installat your own risk and expect theoccasional glitch.

1. Click on the Ubuntu logo toget to your apps, programsand shortcuts.

2. Look for apps and programsby typing into the search box.

3. Filter results by app or filetype.

4. Access your apps, emails,pictures, music and more, fast.

5. The launcher will be disabledwhen you’re in the Dash.

6. Find apps by category, fast.

7. Superkey shortcut: tap theSuperkey to reveal the Dash.

8. Press escape on yourkeyboard at any time to leavethe Dash.

http://castrojo.tumblr.com/post/4795149014/the-power-users-guide-to-unity



http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/whats-new#the-dash


http://askubuntu.com/questions/38772/what-lenses-for-unity-are-available












USE THE RIGHT TERMS FOR UNITY ELEMENTSUSE THE RIGHT TERMS FOR UNITY ELEMENTS

o many people have beenasking just what is the rightterminology for Ubuntu

Unity's UI elements that JorgeCastro and Murat Gunes have jointly put together a post on AskUbuntu

, which I'm happy toparaphrase, since I didn't knowwhat to call things, either!

S

Here goes...

● The bar at the top is called a“panel”

● The Ubuntu logo in the top leftcorner has a name. It's calledthe “home button”, though it's jokingly referred to as the BFBby developers: “Big FreakingButton”

● The left sidebar is NOT called a'dock.' It's called the Launcher.

● The colored tiles in theLauncher with the icons onthem are called “Launchericons” or “Launcher items”

● The purple tile is called the“workspace switcher”

● The full-screen fly-outs that

appear when you click thehome button (the Ubuntu logoor “BFB”, above), the “Placestile” or the “Apps tile”, are ALLcalled a “Dash”

● “Dash” is the component namefor the overlay that's used for

Applications and Places. Incontext you can call the latterthe Applications Dash and thePlaces Dash.

For further information, see theUnity Architecture document

, and

/Unity/Lenses on the Wiki.

Other Terms

The menu is referred to as theApplication Menu, not globalmenu. This is to distinguish it fromthe other global menu project.

Pinning Things DownThere seems to be no agreedsingle name for items kept on thelauncher via the “Keep inlauncher” function:

● Developers will find code in thedbusmenu functionalityreferring to “pinning_item.”

● There's no such thing as a“sticky” anywhere in the Wikior bug reports.

● “Favorites” is used in thearchitecture document once;elsewhere you find ambiguousreferences to “pinned”application items. So “pinned”and “favorites” are in use now.

If you take a look at the screenshot, center, you will see certainelements labeled according to thiskey:

1. Window Title

2. Application Menu

3. Dash icon

4. Launcher icons

5. Workspace switcher

6. Launcher

7. Trash

8. Indicators

http://askubuntu.com/questions/10228/whats-the-right-terminology-for-unitys-ui-elements



https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Unity?action=AttachFile&do=view&target=Unity_Architecture.pdf

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Unity/Lenses




https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Unity?action=AttachFile&do=view&target=Unity_Architecture.pdf





HOW-TOHOW-TO Test For Unity Graphics SupportTest For Unity Graphics Support

nity 2-D or Unity 3-D? Fear,uncertainty and doubtprevail, as more users

wonder if the Unity desktop isdramatically raising the minimumgraphics hardware requirements.

U

The honest answer from Canonicalis no, Unity tries to take advantageof features that have beenspecified or released many yearsago. What they can't tell you ishow many of those supportedfeatures you have in your ancientbox under your desk.

Canonical has tested Unity on avariety of legacy hardware toidentify the minimum specsrequired for Unity, makingreasonable assumptions thatnewer hardware from AMD, Inteland NVidia will be more capablethan the ones in the test rig. Testsare aimed at establishing system

stability, as well as responsivenessand graphics renderingperformance.

There is a standard test that youcan run on any bit of kit - evenrunning a Ubuntu Live CD, so you

HOW-TOHOW-TO Test For Unity Graphics SupportTest For Unity Graphics Support

don't have to install first). In aterminal - yes, it's a good ol'command line utility - run:

/usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test-p

Here's what I get on my trustyNvidia Go7300 mobile card:

robin@d6400:~$/usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p

OpenGL vendor string:NVIDIA Corporation

OpenGL renderer string:GeForce Go 7300/PCI/SSE2

OpenGL version string:2.1.2 NVIDIA 280.13

Not software rendered: yes

Not blacklisted: no

GLX fbconfig: yes

GLX texture from pixmap: yes

GL npot or rect textures: yes

GL vertex program: yes

GL fragment program: yes

GL vertex buffer object: yes

GL framebuffer object: yes

GL version is 1.4+: yes

Unity 3D supported: no

Looks like it's Unity 2-D for me!

The differences between Unity2-D and Unity 3-D are almostentirely aesthetic. Unity 2-Ddisables 3-D effects, shadows,window-snapping and some of the

fancy animations effects of Unity3-D.

The core functions andcomponents of the desktopenvironment remain the same.

FC Notifier Update

The Full Circle Notifier isstill at 1.0.2, but the PPA has beenupdated for Oneiric. FCN is a smallapplication that sits in yoursystem tray and will announceissue/podcast releases, and can beset to download them too! Formore info, see the FCN GoogleGroup: http://goo.gl/4Ob4

http://goo.gl/4Ob4

http://goo.gl/4Ob4




HOW-TOHOW-TO Update the OcelotUpdate the Ocelot

Update Manager

owever recent a build youinstall, be sure to updateUbuntu at the earliest

opportunity. It is a credit to theOpen Source community thatpatches and security updates areapplied on a continual and ad-hocbasis. While no computersoftware is ever guaranteedcomplete security, you can enjoythe benefits of a well-supporteddistribution.

H

You have only to launch theUpdate Manager and click on'Check Now' to invoke the updateprocess manually.

Also, don't forget the‘PowerMenu’ (the top-rightcog-wheel icon contains anentry for 'Software up toDate' or 'Updates Available.'

One Conf SyncOneConf is a new featureof the Software Centre. Itkeeps a list of all yourinstalled applications in

sync across multiple computers, One Conf account creation

(Re-) Enable Third-PartySources

ou may find after upgradingthat the 11.10 installer hasdisabled some of your third-

party repositories listed inSoftware Centre.YWhere you have added developersPPA's (Personal Package Archives)and other third-party sources, youshould check in Software Centerthat they still have check marksenabling them, otherwise you'll

get no more automatic updatesfrom them.

There may be a good reason whyUbuntu has disabled them; checkthe distribution version andupdate any older package sourcesto match Oneiric or 11.10.

You should check the exactarchive name and update thesources line for the new version.

You should also then run a

sudo apt-get update

in a terminal to make sure thepackage list for those sources isrefreshed.

Additional Drivers inUbuntu 11.10

o my wireless card failed towork after the clean installof Ubuntu 11.10 on the net-

book. Consulting the forums, Istruggled to get the firmwareinstalled; that is, I failed.

SThen I stepped back and consid-ered: run the Additional Driverssearch first (go to SystemSettings > Hardware > Additional

Drivers)!

This pulled up the appropriateBroadcom drivers without myhaving to manually tease out thefirmware. It was all working againinside 2 minutes.

Note to self - go for the simple,out-of-the-box solutions first,before you go for hard labor.

How or why the installer missedthe wireless adapter, I don't claimto understand – importantly itworked from a boot-up using the11.10 Live CD, ergo, the hardwarehas to be compatible!

so you can have the same workingenvironment wherever you useUbuntu. To activate it, open theUbuntu Software Centre and,

from the File menu, choose Syncbetween computers. You will needto create a Software CenterAccount, but this is no moreonerous than UbuntuOne and hasthe benefit of profiling andstoring your software set-up viaCanonical's cloud storage.

You'll no longer have to rememberwhich programs to install when

you get access to another Ubuntuinstance; but you will need Rootprivileges for it to synchronise.




HOW-TOHOW-TO Tweak the Unity DesktopTweak the Unity Desktop

mong the first things you'llwant to do is restore somelost functionality now that

Appearance Properties has beendropped in Ubuntu 11.10 and theSystem Settings doesn't supportchanging the icon theme!

A

The Gnome Tweak-UI Tool hasdependencies on some GnomeShell-related libraries which makesinstalling and running under Unitymessy.

Instead, I'm trying dconf-editor (apart of dconf-tools) as a tool toadjust Ubuntu configurationsettings. I'm still asking why I needresort to an extra utility toperform a simple task such aschanging an icon theme!!

Changing the icon theme in Dconf-editor (a graphical editor and partof the dconf-tools meta-meta-

package) is simple enough:● Launch dconf-editor from a

command line, search in theDash or using the alt-f2 run lineusing

dconf-editor

HOW-TOHOW-TO Tweak the Unity DesktopTweak the Unity Desktop

Set icon themes in dconf-editor

White-listing using dconf-editor

Installing dconf-editor

Search on dconf-editor in theSoftware Center or manually pull

it in via the command line using:

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools

This is one of those power toolsthat will bring the house down if you're careless. Containing awealth of settings, it's not alwaysa mine of information, but thendconf-editor wasn't designed as anend-user tool. In the right pane,

below each group of values, youwill get some description of how itapplies; even then, you have toknow the possible range of values,such as the exact name of the iconset with spelling, case andpunctuation. Use with caution.

White List Applications

any of your old familiarprograms no longer showup in the new “indicator”

area; unless you fool it. Somesystray icons for QT-basedprograms such as Skype and VLCare automatically converted intoindicators by sni-qt. Wine, Java,scp-dbus-service and the Update-notifier are white-listed byUbuntu, but you can white-list allapplications.

M

In dconf-editor, navigate todesktop > unity > panel

And to get the equivalent of theSystray in the Notification Area forall applications, change thedefault list to [‘all’]. Or you canadd program names individually,in single-quotes, comma-separated, for example 'Wine','Skype' etc.

To reset, use the default reset list;the value is shown in the editoritself ['JavaEmbeddedFrame','Wine', 'scp-dbus-service', 'Update-notifier'] or click on “Set todefault”.

● Select Org, Gnome, Desktop,Interface

● Enter the name of your desiredicon theme into the value field“icon-theme”. Type carefullyand remember this is case-sensitive

● If you don't know the exactname of your icon theme,navigate to /usr/share/iconswhere you can copy the Foldernames of the icon sets youhave installed.



Create a DesktopShortcut

hanks to the changeseffected by the adoption of GNOME-3 and the Unity

interface, adding a desktop

shortcut to Ubuntu 11.10 is nolonger easy. The old right-click onthe desktop, selecting "CreateLauncher" no longer works.

T

However, having some extra iconsfor your most frequently usedprograms right there on yourdesktop may eliminate some of that darting around the UnityDash. Here's how.

You can create a custom launcheron the desktop, by invoking theCreate Launcher dialog using theterminal command:

gnome-desktop-item-edit--create-new ~/Desktop

This one doesn't always work if invoked from the 'run' line openedby the Alt-f2 key combination.

The New Launcher window opensfor you to create the launchercommand.

The new shortcut will now appearon your desktop as soon as yousave it. You need to specify theexecutable name, which has to bein an executable path, in order forGNOME-Shell underneath Unity torun it.

Bring Back GNOME-Search

y most useful utility isthe faithful GNOME-Search tool. With this you

can search for any files in any orall locations. It's more powerful

than the basic search in the UnityDash, able to add multiple lines of search criteria.

M

You can pin this in Unity'sLauncher, but I've also created adesktop short-cut as per ourarticle on page 10.

Disable 'For Download'in the Unity Dash

nother 'Marmite' designchoice (you'll love it or hateit, indifference is not an

option) in the Ubuntu Unity Dash;head for Applications and anentire chunk of the Dash is takenup with “Applications forDownload” with a selection taken

from the Ubuntu Software Center.

A

It would be a great idea if it eversuggested anything useful (to me,anyway), but instead it just eats upspace in the Dash I could use forother things. Like seeing the stack

of favorite programs I already

installed, thank you.

In Ubuntu 11.10, this “Applicationsfor Download” section in the Dashcan be disabled.

In the dconf-editor (see previouspage), navigate to desktop > Unity> Lenses > Applications anduncheck the ‘display-available-apps’ box, which is enabled by

default.

You will get a whole line of extraspace in the Dash from the nexttime you login.


HOW-TO: TWEAK THE UNITY DESKTOPHOW-TO: TWEAK THE UNITY DESKTOP



Add Places as Quick-lists in Unity

uick-lists in various desktopenvironments are equallyregarded as a compromise

of standards as they are usabilityor ergonomic aids.

Q

Quick-lists are not included as astandard feature in Ubuntu 11.10.However, you can add yourprofile's Places as Quick-lists.

First, copy the current 'HomeFolder' launcher file to your homedirectory. The quickest andeasiest way is through thecommand line - in a terminal,(Unity Shortcut Ctrl+Alt+T) you

can copy-paste the following:cp/usr/share/applications/nautilus-home.desktop~/.local/share/applications

Edit this using a text editor, forexample, Gedit:

gedit~/.local/share/applications/nautilus-home.desktop

You can safely replace thecontents of the file with the textbelow:

[Desktop Entry]Name=Home FolderComment=Open your personalfolderTryExec=nautilusExec=nautilus --no-desktopIcon=user-homeTerminal=falseStartupNotify=trueType=ApplicationCategories=GNOME;GTK;Core;OnlyShowIn=GNOME;Unity;X-GNOME-Bugzilla-Bugzilla=GNOMEX-GNOME-Bugzilla-Product=nautilusX-GNOME-Bugzilla-Component=generalX-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=nautilusX-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=Videos;Documents;Music;Pictures;Downloads[Videos Shortcut Group]Name=VideosExec=nautilus Videos

TargetEnvironment=Unity[Documents Shortcut Group]Name=DocumentsExec=nautilus DocumentsTargetEnvironment=Unity[Music Shortcut Group]Name=MusicExec=nautilus Music

TargetEnvironment=Unity[Pictures Shortcut Group]Name=PicturesExec=nautilus PicturesTargetEnvironment=Unity[Downloads Shortcut Group]Name=DownloadsExec=nautilus DownloadsTargetEnvironment=Unity

Save the file.

Restart Unity. Opening a terminalto run unity --replace

is unsafe in my 11.10 instances asUnity hangs so badly, so I log outand log back in to restart Unity.

Disable OverlayScrollbars

ver since theyarrived in the testversions of 11.04,

I've hated the newOverlay Scrollbars inUbuntu.

EYes, it may save on-screen real estate BUT:

● I've now got a much smaller

target to hit just to get theoverlay control to appear

● I have to move the mouse againmost times to get the pointeronto the sweet spot to drag

● Miss that, then it disappearsand I've got to mouse about toget it to appear again

● I can only hot-spot on thecolored portion of thescrollbar, so much narrowerthan the traditional scrollbar.

In theory, overlay scrollbars are abrilliant space saver. In practice,they are an insane idea that drivesme crazy AND drives a coach andhorses through common-senseaccessibility!

Here's how to disable the overlayscrollbars in Ubuntu 11.10 if youcan handle the followingcommands:

sudo su

echo "exportLIBOVERLAY_SCROLLBAR=0" >/etc/X11/Xsession.d/80overlayscrollbars

Then restart your x-server (re-boot if you don't trust thecommand line again).

If this solution doesn't work, youcan alternatively remove the

overlay scrollbars packages whichwill eradicate all trace of them (soany other users of your machinewill lose them permanently too):

sudo apt-get remove overlay-scrollbar liboverlay-scrollbar-0.1-0


HOW-TO: TWEAK THE UNITY DESKTOP



Stop ZeitgeistDisplaying Everything inthe Dash

eitgeist is the event loggingtool built into Ubuntu; itprovides the engine for

much of the user searchcapabilities and results for thingslike the Dash. You may think it's amarvel or the biggest source of embarrassment, depending onwho's looking over your shoulder.

ZActivity Log Manager forZeitgeist is available through theSoftware Center and provides a

little more control.

You can use the 'Files' tab toblacklist the folders where youkeep private files.

You can also completely disableZeitgeist by unchecking the

'Logging active' button at thebottom; this will blackout all filesearches in the Dash, so the firstmethod, blacklisting only certainfolders or applications, may be of more benefit. This application willalso clear the Zeitgeist historyand, by extension, the Dashhistory along with it.

Bypass Software Centerto Force PackageInstalls

ometimes, Ubuntu SoftwareCenter won't let you installsome program or other,

displaying the error: “Thepackage is of bad quality.”

SWhile this may be true and soundadvice, this doesn't help when thepackage in question belongs toone of your indispensableprograms.

You can bypass Software Centerand force the install of a .debpackage in two ways.

The first is using DPKG, anothercommand line option taking theformat:

sudo dpkg -i PACKAGENAME.deb

The second option is to resort tothe Gdebi package installer, whichis a stand-alone graphical front-end to install packages without all

of Software Center's checks.

Both will still complain if you haveunsatisfied packagedependencies, so they are not'get out of jail free' cards.

Remove MountedExternal Drives andPartitions from theLauncher

f you find your Launcher barcluttered with every external

device and mounted partition,you can stop Unity displayingthem there with one moreterminal command:Igsettings setcom.canonical.Unity.Devicesdevices-option "Never"

You could also get the EjecterAppIndicator which sits in yourNotification area.

Get More AppIndicatorsThere is a huge list of furtherAppIndicators available over onAsk Ubuntu, which just goes toshow how utility will overridedesign intentions any day!



http://askubuntu.com/questions/30334/what-application-indicators-are-available





Fallback to GnomePanels

ou're still not getting onwith Unity desktop ineveryday use, Xfce has a

few quirks and Kubuntu is still a

culture shift too far.

YYou could drop back to the lookand feel of GNOME-2! Panels andmenus are fast and lightweightand do just what's needed. Theyare also easy to achieve thanks toa couple of small package installs,which give me the desktop shown.

Firstly, install the package

‘gnome-fallback-session’ from theUbuntu Software Center. This onepackage does the hard work.

Log out of your desktop back tothe LightDM login manager andchoose ‘GNOME Classic (NoEffects)’ session from the sessiondrop-list. Hit the cogwheel next toyour user name to choose itbefore you log in.

This opens a classic 2-paneldesktop, in a GNOME-2 'stylee'.You can change the Panelbackgrounds (or not) to suityourself.

The critical change in operation isthe ALT and right-clickcombination for making changesto panels. It's an accessibility-busting key plus mouse

combination, but that's whatfallback has to work with:

● Alt+right-click on the top panel

● choose ‘Properties’

● select the ‘background’ tab

● select background image andclick the button

Browse your ‘usr/share/themes/'folder and see what you've gotthat contains 'panel' and .png; forexample: Ambience/gtk-2.0/apps/img/panel.png’

Add Ubuntu indicators

There's a PPA by developer JasonConti containing a compatible

indicators applet; add it using theline ‘ppa:jconti/gnome3‘ underyour Software Sources.

You may want to get the publickey for this PPA now if you wantSoftware Center to install future

updates for the packages fromJason's PPA. The best way is viathe terminal. We'll cover thisanother time.

Update the Software Center, theninstall ‘Indicator-applet-complete’.

Via the terminal you canalternatively install using:

sudo add-apt-repositoryppa:jconti/gnome3

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get installindicator-applet indicator-applet-complete indicator-applet-session

(Note this pulls in dependentpackages)

To complete the set-up:

● Alt+right-click on the top panel

● Choose ‘Add Applets’

● Add ‘Indicator AppletComplete’

CustomizeTo add, remove and move panelitems is very easy, GNOME-2 style:ALT+right-click on a panel or itemto add, move or edit it.





Change the LightDMGreeter Background

ightDM login manager ismuch more useful andvisually pleasing than the old

GDM login, albeit with a fixed

background wallpaper at present.Fairly soon, you will have theoption for the LightDM loginmanager to automatically pick upthe default wallpaper for anyusername highlighted at the loginselection screen.

L

In the meantime, you can set thewallpaper to pretty muchanything you want using another

magic setting in one of theLightDM configuration files. Thisapplies in Ubuntu 11.10 and 12.04.

You will have to launch a texteditor with root privileges fromthe terminal (or via the run boxusing Alt+F2)

gksu gedit/etc/lightdm/unity-greeter.conf

Look down the settings until youfind the line beginningbackground=

Change the background filenameto anything you want to use, but

do make sure you get the correct,absolute path to the file name(with extension), for example:

/home/robin/Pictures/

saas_fee_bg.jpg

Needless to say, your choice of

wallpaper needs to be accessibleon a local file-system that isalready mounted when LightDMloads.

Save the file, log out to theLightDM greeter and see yourglorious wallpaper!

Sadly the overlaid grid of dotsisn't removable until 12.04.

Reset Unity To DefaultSettings

fter tweaking Unity usingtools such as Compiz orUbuntu Tweak, you can find

yourself with problems or findthat something no longer works.Caveat emptor...

A

Unity settings can be 'reset',though. It's another terminalcommand:

unity --reset

That's a space and two dashes inthe reset option.


Classic Gnome Panel Fix for Compiz Compositing

y default, the GNOME Classic Session grates with Compizcompositing in Ubuntu 11.10, for a less-than perfectperfromance. The fix is to edit the gnome-classic.session

configuration file. The fastest way is via the terminal:Bgksu gedit /usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/gnome-classic.session

Amend the line:

RequiredProviders=windowmanager;notifications;

by removing notifications; from the end of the line:

RequiredProviders=windowmanager;

Save the file, log out and you can log back into Gnome Fallback usingthe ‘GNOME Classic’ option instead of ‘GNOME Classic (No effects)’.





HOW-TOHOW-TO Security In 11.10Security In 11.10

Add Users to Groups inUbuntu 11.10

mongst the mixed bag of 'features' in Ubuntu 11.10

is the lack of a proper userand group admin tool. We had onein 11.04, you could do anythingwith user and group permissionsfrom a graphical interface. Easy.ACome 11.10, that goes away andall you can do is add or removeuser accounts or change theaccount type (Standard orAdministrator). Try setting up

VirtualBox and Samba shares andsee how far you get. If you want toadd new or existing users toexisting groups, it is impossible todo from the user accountmanagement dialog box.

robin@D6400:~$ groupmod

adm dip lpadmin sudo lp

admin disk mail robin sysaudio fax man root syslog

avahi floppy messagebus rtkit tape

avahi-autoipd fuse mlocate sambashare tty

backup games netdev saned users

bin gnats news sasl utempter

bluetooth irc nogroup scanner utmp

cdrom kmem nopasswdloginshadow uucp

colord libuuid operator src video

crontab lightdm plugdev ssh voice

daemon list proxy ssl-cert www-data

dialout pulse-access pulse staff

This is a list of the current groups on my system.

Canonical, you just made a largenumber of us resort to a commandline. Again. How 'very Linux'.Anyway, back in the geek ghetto,

let's move on...

Open a Terminal (Ctrl-Alt-Tkeyboard shortcut). The commandto list all existing groups on yoursystem is:

groupmod

but press the TAB KEY 3 TIMES,not Enter;

The command to add an existinguser to an existing group followsthe format:

sudo usermod -a -G GROUPNAMEUSERNAME

Replace <Groupname> with therequired group name and<Username> with an accountname. For example:

sudo usermod -a -Gsamabashare robin

It's one of those command linesthat doesn't give feedback.

To verify success, run thecommand:

cat /etc/group

The username should appear in allgroups of which the user is amember.

Ubuntu 12.04 really should find away to restore the missing utility.

Oh! It turns out there is...Curiously, if you search theSoftware Center, or run thecommand:

sudo apt-get install gnome-system-tools

You can still find the gnome-system-tools package containingthe old User Account Admin tool!



Fix 'Untrusted Packages'Error in Ubuntu 11.10

f you've added PPAs (PersonalPackage Archives) to yoursoftware sources in Ubuntu,

you may find you get an error

when you try to run updates in theUpdate Manager:

I‘Requires installation of untrustedpackages’

This is typically owing to missingGPG keys for those PPAs so thatUpdate Manager can't verify thoseupdates. It will simply refuse toinstall those updates. It is easy to

fix.

Open a Terminal session and runthe command

sudo apt-get update

The PPAs that are being refusedwill show up having no public key

Take note (perhaps copy andpaste from the terminal using

shift-control-C to copy) those 16-digit hexadecimal key numbersappearing after ‘NO_PUBKEY’.

To fix this, get the public keyvalue, import it into your list of software sources, then re-verifythose sources.

You can then use the updatecommand below to verify yoursoftware sources list, approving

those PPAs for updates:

sudo apt-get update

Update Manager should now runto completion without this error.


Software Sources Public Key Errors

Results of an apt-get update run on my 11.10 system recently:

Fetched 632 B in 1s (430 B/s)

Reading package lists... Done

W: GPG error: http://ppa.launchpad.net oneiric Release: The

following signatures couldn't be verified because the publickey is not available: NO_PUBKEY 52A794126E3AB2D3

W: GPG error: http://ppa.launchpad.net oneiric Release: Thefollowing signatures couldn't be verified because the publickey is not available: NO_PUBKEY 8771ADB0816950D8

HOW TO: SECURITY IN 11.10

To install the missing public keys, run the command for each missing key, replacing my example with yourkey value:

sudo apt-key adv --recv-key --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 52A794126E3AB2D3

You should get a result looking something like this:

robin@D6400:~$ sudo apt-key adv --recv-key --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 52A794126E3AB2D3

Executing: gpg --ignore-time-conflict --no-options --no-default-keyring --secret-keyring/tmp/tmp.xoyVBC269z --trustdb-name /etc/apt/trustdb.gpg --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg--primary-keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --recv-key --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 52A794126E3AB2D3

gpg: requesting key 6E3AB2D3 from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com

gpg: key 6E3AB2D3: public key "Launchpad Recent Notifications" imported

gpg: Total number processed: 1

gpg: imported: 1 (RSA: 1)



Disable Guest Login

f you're sociable and you likehaving guests in your house, orindeed, logged onto your

computer, skip over this. If youhave a need to lock out casualvisitors to your machine, thenyou'll want to ditch the guestlogin that came by default withUbuntu 11.10.

I

'Guest' became a default on thelogin list with the LightDM loginmanager in 11.10 and I just wantto take it out of the login list.

This is easy enough if you're usingthe default LightDM in Ubuntu11.10. Edit the LightDMconfiguration file

/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf ,with root privilege:

sudo gedit/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

In the section SeatDefaults and

add the line 'allow-guest=false' inthe manner of:

[SeatDefaults]greeter-session=unity-greeteruser-session=ubuntuallow-guest=false

Save the document.

LightDM needs a restart, or youcan use a terminal command

sudo restart lightdm

which will return to your loginscreen where the guest account isdisabled. Save and close anythingelse that's running first!

If you're still using GDM (whichwas the default in previousUbuntu releases), it's a packageremoval, you have to uninstallgdm-guest-session.

Home Folder Encryption

ow paranoid are you abouttheft or the sensitivity of your personal and business

data? You may want to considerencrypting your Home folder.HThe Ubuntu 11.10 installer, offersto securely encrypt the Homefolder; put the check in the boxfor this during the install.

On first login, you will beprompted for an encryptionpassphrase to your private homefolder. You may as well allow theencrypt-fs software to generateyour pass phrase, it will generate astrong pass phrase consisting of at least 32 uppercase and

lowercase letters, numbers, white

spaces and special characters.

Unlike ordinary passwords you will

never enter it directly yourself; itgenerates a 128-bit (16 character)hash key. Store this in a safe andsecure place, it is the key torecovering the data from yourHome folder if you ever have tomanually recover.

If you don't choose this optionduring Ubuntu 11.10 installation,you can easily do it later byinstalling ecryptfs-utils, which isin the Ubuntu Software Center orby running the terminal command

sudo apt-get installecryptfs-utils

After installing this package youshould be able to select “EncryptHome Folder” from the right-click

menu in Nautilus. The command

sudo ecryptfs-migrate-home -uUSERNAME

will encrypt the home folder forthe specified username.


HOW TO: SECURITY IN 11.10




OPINION: WHY THE LONG FACE?OPINION: WHY THE LONG FACE?Robin CatlingRobin Catling

How we used to live...

What Ubuntu Linux has dared todo is to break away from thehotch-potch of all that technologyand do things a little differently, in

a new way, reaching out to newusers. Unfortunately that has leftsome in the established base alittle at sea, as some of those 'oldways of doing' were accumulatedover the last thirty years of effort;even some of the new peoplethink that Unity departs fromwhat some might call 'commonstandards.' Whatever those are.

So we arrive at Ubuntu 11.10, withits distinctive and controversialinterface. Controversial if you'reone of the Linux in-crowd forwhom all this is deadly serious.New users don't seem all thatbothered. Just give them a CD of Ubuntu and let them get on withit.

What the 11.10 release representsis the turn taken at the cross-roads, on an accelerating journey,using a vehicle that, truthfully, isbeing bolted together along theway.

back at the Canonical Mother-Ship.

Let's see if we can't steer a middle

path, stay on the road and getthere with a little more comfort.

Shock of the New

Is it more a case of humanresistance to change? Let's face itwe all get set in our ways and thechallenge is to embrace newthings, new concepts and newmethods.

Since the sky hasn't fallen in, whydon't we look forward to the nextphase of innovation?

Image: Tom's Window Manager byLiberal Classic/Wikipedia

With it's tight developmentdeadlines, Ubuntu 11.10 became ascramble to shoehorn in as muchnew code as possible so as not to

jeopardize the stability of theLong Term Support coming in12.04 with GNOME-3 and Unityfront and center.

For all the things that have beenadded, others have been takenaway. Few will miss the nitro-glycerine-in-a-deb-package thatwas Computer Janitor, able toblow the house down with one

mouse click. However, things weare missing include some of thetheming options we had under thenow departed GNOME-2.

More serious is the lack of the fulltools for user account admin,driving veterans and newcomersalike back to a command-lineinterface.

And for all 11.10's sophistication,some have felt the need to carryover old tools or develop newones to make up this shortfall;Compiz Config Settings Manager,MyUnity, Unity Tweak and others,which hasn't always pleased those

Robin Catling is a freelance

project manager, performer,writer, sports coach and all-roundeccentric. His blog is the CatlingMindswipe. You can follow hisTwitterfeed @robincatling.Culture-vultures can also go toEverything Express.

s has been expressed inFull Circle in the past,there is no such thing as an

inherently intuitive computer

interface. We all draw on theiconography and experience of the technology we use in our dailylives.

A

If we are lucky enough to live in adeveloped economy that includestelevisions, phones, ticketmachines, elevators, even busstops; not to mention all thoseother computers badged by fruit-

based marketers and some outfitwith wobbly architecture (that'swhat you get when you have a lifewithout walls, apparently).

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Liberal_Classic

http://catlingmindswipe.blogspot.com/


https://twitter.com/#!/robincatling

http://everythingexpress.co.uk/




https://twitter.com/#!/robincatling



http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Liberal_Classic




Mark makes agood case:

“Menus servetwo purposes.They act as astandard way to

invoke commands which are too

infrequently used to warrant... atoolbar button, and they serve asa map of the app’s functionality...,that one can scan to get a feel for‘what the app does’. It’t commandinvocation that we think can beimproved upon, and that’s where

THE FUTURE: UNITY and HUDTHE FUTURE: UNITY and HUD

HUD on Unity in Ubuntu 12.04 (YouTube demo)

ay hello to the Head UpDisplay, or HUD, whichwill ultimately replace

menus in Unity applications.”

“SThus Mark Shuttleworth, theChairman of Canonical, announcedthe next development of the Unityinterface at thestart of theyear. The HUDis intended toapply the UnityDash searchmethod to any

Unity-compliantapplication.

In a post full of enthusiasm forre-modelingthe GraphicalUser Interface:“...it’s a way foryou to express your intent andhave the application respondappropriately. We think of it as'beyond interface', it’s the'intenterface'... 'intent-driveninterface...'”

HUD i n Unity controlling Banshee

we are focusing our designexploration.

“ As a means of invokingcommands, menus have someadvantages.

● they are always in the sameplace (top of the window or

screen)

● they are organized in a waythat’s quite easy to describeover the phone, or in a textbook (“click the Edit->Preferences menu”), they are

pretty fast to read since theyare generally arranged in tightvertical columns

They also have some disadvan-tages:

●when they getnested, navig-ating the treecan becomefragile

● They requireyou to read alot when you

probablyalready knowwhat you want

● they are more difficult to usefrom the keyboard than theyshould be, since they generallyrequire you to remembersomething special (hot-keys) oruse a very limited subset of thekeyboard (arrow navigation)

● they force developers to makeoften arbitrary choices aboutthe menu tree (“shouldPreferences be in Edit or inTools or in Options?”) and then;

HUD suggesting sites in Firefox

THE FUTURE UNITY d HUD




HUD in Unity with Inkscape nested menus

THE FUTURE: UNITY and HUD● they force users to make

equally arbitrary effort tomemorize and navigate thattree. ”

The current prototype is a'vocabulary UI', or VUI , intended tobe closer to the way users think;you think of an action or an object

in the application - the menu treeis no longer important. What’scritical in this model is theefficient matching of what theuser says and the commandsoffered up.

It’s supposedly a smart interface,employing fuzzy matching to pickup synonyms and it can learn yourusual work patterns so it canprioritize the things you use often;

“When you’ve been using it for alittle while it seems like it’sreading your mind, in a good way.”Glad you added that last, Mark.

You should first of all take a lookat the demonstration video to seeHUD in action. Some of it, such ascontrolling the Banshee musicplayer, looks very slick already.

User interface changes can be apoisoned chalice. Unity isn'tuniversally liked by all Ubuntuusers (restrain yourselves!). WhileApple tends to push through any

user complaints in itsown patrician way,Microsoft is stillstruggling forequilibrium with theRibbon interface, which stillconfuses millions with its ever-changing clutter of icons

Canonical is going the other wayby removing ALL the chrome,menus, and 'clutter' from your

desktop. It will work with anyapplication that can use the Unityglobal menu, which includes mostGTK and Qt Programs.

Not surprisingly, HUD is meeting amixed response. For example:

“Terrible. Who looksat a GUI and says,'You know what thisneeds? Moretyping'.”

Certainly, when you're in anapplication with hands on thekeyboard in a typing positionalready, the HUD will be veryconvenient, but mousing around,say, chasing links on a website, or

tool palettes in GIMP, Inkscape, orScribus? The clunking Inkscapeexample in the video 'wiping awaynested menus' perversely onlyillustrates the obstacles HUD hasyet to overcome.

Discovery, or 'discoverability' isanother area of concern, alongwith the vocabulary of the userwhich has to coincide with thelexicon in the HUD before it offersany programs or commands. If theHUD can search on applicationdescriptions and categories too,

then it may well work better.

However, HUD is going to have tobe some mindreader to help youfind commands when you don’tknow what you’re looking for.How do you discover menu itemsthat you don’t know they exist? Anew user might open a menu,select Edit, look at the selectionbeyond the standard

Find/Replace/… and there’s anitem they've never seen before.

Quite how this is going to work forAsian language territories withtyping issues has yet to be seen.

HUD is currently a first cutprototype available for the 12.04Alpha release and, if you're brave,you can install it in 11.04. It is

entirely dependent on Unity 3-Doverlays and transparency effects,however, so without these, youwon't even see it, much less beable to try it.

See the HUD demo on YouTube

“When you’ve beenusing it for a little

while it seems likeit’s reading yourmind, in a good way.”

http://s.ytimg.com/yt/swfbin/watch_as3-vflzupnQw.swf






REVIEWREVIEW Unity: Simplify Your Life (e-book)Unity: Simplify Your Life (e-book)

his e-book in PDF formatbegins with some commoncomputer user issues,

before declaring:T“Ubuntu 11.04's Unity interfacewants to turn these scenarios into

problems of the past. Unity'sforemost goal is to get youSimplicity. Elegance. Speed.Responsiveness. It's all here.”

Although this is still the UbuntuUnity 11.04 edition, the user guide

REVIEWREVIEW Unity: Simplify Your Life (e-book)Unity: Simplify Your Life (e-book)

provided by the UbuntuVancouver LoCo team remains avaluable Unity resource. Withgeneral chapters such as 'Unity in

15 Minutes' and 'Unity. How It AllFits Together', you also getdetailed breakdowns such as'Personalizing the Launcher','Using the Dash' and introductionsto Unity concepts such as 'What isa Lens?'

This is a 98-page e-book and thefirst fifty pages do an excellent job of explaining the Unity

interface with annotated screen-shots. It is all thoughtfullypresented in plain language, withplenty of whitespace on the pagesgiving it a clear, unclutteredlayout. The Vancouver LoCo(Pritpaul Bains with editorsCharlene Tessier and Randall Ross)clearly know about publishing.

However, the next section is moreof a general 'using Ubuntu' guide,under the slightly grandioseheading 'Unity. For Your Life.' Thisgoes through all the commontasks a new Ubuntu user will wantto perform: surf the Internet, play

music, view photo's and so on, allillustrated in the context of Unity.

Now, some of these are very

specific to individual applications -using Firefox and LibreOffice -others, such as 'Find Your Files'and searching from the Dash,right back in the specifics of Unity.You could argue that the generalmaterial belongs somewhere elseand that they should haveconfined the book to Unityoperation only, but I'm preparedto go with the Vancouver team's

approach that this is primarily abook for the newcomer; the oldhands can pick and choose thesections they want.

There's a nod to the inquisitive,newcomers and veterans alike, inAppendix A which describes someof the underlying components of the Ubuntu Unity release: GNOMEdesktop, Compiz rendering,Zeitgeist event logger. I have aslight issue in that the'Customizing Unity' section is backhere in Appendix B when surely itought to be a main chapter?

Appendix C, 'The Future' is thelook forward (or 'there's more jelly tomorrow, trust us') for theskeptics like me who pick holes in

the current release of Unity.

There's a Unity KeyboardShortcuts quick reference inAppendix D that we could all findvaluable.

While this is a PDF e-book which isfully searchable, it's good to havea proper index in the back anyway.There are plenty of internal links

to cross-reference differentsections, the annotated screen-shots are clear, with just enoughillustrations, which are alwaysrelevant to the point.

It's no small undertaking toproduce something of this qualityso congratulations to VancouverLoCo team.

Unity: Simplify Your Life isavailable fromhttp://ubuntuone.com/p/1AAB/

http://ubuntuone.com/p/1AAB/

http://ubuntuone.com/p/1AAB/




HOW TO CONTRIBUTEHOW TO CONTRIBUTE

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We are always looking for new articles to include in Full Circle. For article

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Our thanks go out to Canonical, themany translation teams around the

world and to Thorsten Wilms for thecurrent Full Circle logo.

Editing & Proofreading this EditionVictoria Pritchard

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