1 UAF COMMUNITY COLLEGE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD Revised Course Contents for F.Sc. Pre-Agriculture Rationale The existing scheme of studies for intermediate pre-agriculture at UAF Community College PARS was required to be revised according to requirements of Inter Board Committee of Chairmen (IBCC) and Pakistan Veterinary Medical Council (PVMC). Therefore, the course contents have been revised accordingly. Now, the following proposed course contents are 100% equivalent to the Curricula and Syllabi (Academic Session 2012-2014) of the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Lahore. Table of Contents Sr. No. Course Code Course Title Credit Hours Page Number 1 PY-101 Physics-I 4(3-1) 02 2 PY-102 Physics-II 4(3-1) 05 3 Chem-101 Chemistry-I 4(3-1) 08 4 Chem-102 Chemistry-II 4(3-1) 11 5 Bot-101 Botany-I 4(3-1) 14 6 Bot-202 Botany-II 4(3-1) 17 7 Math-101 Mathematics-I 4(4-0) 19 8 Math-102 Mathematics-II 4(4-0) 21 9 Eng-103 English-I 4(4-0) 23 10 Eng-105 English-II 4(4-0) 24 11 SSH-104 Pakistan Studies 3(3-0) 25 12 IS-101 Islamic Studies 3(3-0) 27 13 PY-201 Physics-III 4(3-1) 28 14 PY-202 Physics-IV 4(3-1) 30 15 Chem-201 Chemistry-III 4(3-1) 32 16 Chem-202 Chemistry-IV 4(3-1) 34 17 Zool-102 Zoology-I 4(3-1) 37 18 Zool-201 Zoology-II 4(3-1) 40 19 Math-201 Mathematics-III 4(4-0) 44 20 Math-202 Mathematics-IV 4(4-0) 47 21 Eng-201 English-III 4(4-0) 49 22 Eng-202 English-IV 4(4-0) 50 23 CS-201 Computer Science 4(3-1) 52
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1
UAF COMMUNITY COLLEGE
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD
Revised Course Contents for F.Sc. Pre-Agriculture
Rationale
The existing scheme of studies for intermediate pre-agriculture at UAF Community College PARS was
required to be revised according to requirements of Inter Board Committee of Chairmen (IBCC) and
Pakistan Veterinary Medical Council (PVMC). Therefore, the course contents have been revised
accordingly. Now, the following proposed course contents are 100% equivalent to the Curricula and
Syllabi (Academic Session 2012-2014) of the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Lahore.
Table of Contents
Sr. No. Course Code Course Title Credit Hours Page Number
1 PY-101 Physics-I 4(3-1) 02
2 PY-102 Physics-II 4(3-1) 05
3 Chem-101 Chemistry-I 4(3-1) 08
4 Chem-102 Chemistry-II 4(3-1) 11
5 Bot-101 Botany-I 4(3-1) 14
6 Bot-202 Botany-II 4(3-1) 17
7 Math-101 Mathematics-I 4(4-0) 19
8 Math-102 Mathematics-II 4(4-0) 21
9 Eng-103 English-I 4(4-0) 23
10 Eng-105 English-II 4(4-0) 24
11 SSH-104 Pakistan Studies 3(3-0) 25
12 IS-101 Islamic Studies 3(3-0) 27
13 PY-201 Physics-III 4(3-1) 28
14 PY-202 Physics-IV 4(3-1) 30
15 Chem-201 Chemistry-III 4(3-1) 32
16 Chem-202 Chemistry-IV 4(3-1) 34
17 Zool-102 Zoology-I 4(3-1) 37
18 Zool-201 Zoology-II 4(3-1) 40
19 Math-201 Mathematics-III 4(4-0) 44
20 Math-202 Mathematics-IV 4(4-0) 47
21 Eng-201 English-III 4(4-0) 49
22 Eng-202 English-IV 4(4-0) 50
23 CS-201 Computer Science 4(3-1) 52
2
EXISTING COURSE CONTENTS PROPOSED COURSE CONTENTS
Physics-I
PY-101
4(3-1)
Physics-I
PY-101
4(3-1)
Theory
Introduction to physics, Physical Quantities,
International system of units, Errors and
uncertainties, Significant figures, Precision
and accuracy, Assessment of total uncertainty
in the final result, Basic concepts of vectors,
Vector addition by rectangular components,
Product of two vectors, Torque, Equilibrium
of Torque, Equilibrium of forces,
Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration,
Velocity time graph, Review of equations of
uniformly accelerated motion, Newton’s laws
of motion, Rocket propulsion, Projectile
motion, Work done by a constant force, Work
done by a variable force, work done by
gravitation field, Power, Energy, Interco
version of potential energy and kinetic energy,
Conservation of energy, Non conventional
energy sources, Angular displacement,
Angular velocity, Angular acceleration,
Relation between angular and linear
velocities, Centripetal force, Moment of
inertia, Angular Momentum, Laws of
conservation of Angular momentum,
Rotational kinetic energy, Artificial satellites,
Real and apparent weight, Weightlessness in
satellites and gravity free system, Orbital
velocity, Artificial gravity, Geostationary
orbits, Communication satellites, Newton’s
and Einstein’s views of gravitation, Viscous
drag and stokes law, Terminal velocity, Fluid
flow, Equation of continuity, Bernoulli’s
equation, Application of Bernoulli’s equation.
Practicals:
1. Determine the volume of a solid cylinder
using vernier calipers.
2. To find the area if cross section and
volume of a small sphere using the
micrometer screw gauge.
3. To find the area of cross-section of a wire
using the micrometer screw gauge.
Theory
Introduction to physics, Physical Quantities,
International system of units (base units,
supplementary units, derived units,
scientific notation, conventions for
indicating units), Errors and uncertainties,
Significant figures, Precision and accuracy,
Assessment of total uncertainty in the final
result (for addition and subtraction, for
multiplication and division, for power
factor, for uncertainty in the average value
of many measurements, for the uncertainty
in a timing experiment ), Dimensions of
physical quantities(checking the
homogeneity of physical equation, deriving
a possible formula), Basic concepts of
vectors (vectors, rectangular coordinate
system, addition of vectors, resultant vector,
vector subtraction, multiplication of a vector
by a scalar, unit vector, null vector, equal
vectors, rectangular components of a vector,
determination of a vector from its
rectangular components, position vector),
Vector addition by rectangular components,
Product of two vectors (scalar or dot
product, vector or cross product), Torque,
Equilibrium of forces (first condition of
equilibrium), Equilibrium of Torques
(second condition of equilibrium),
Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration,
Velocity time graph, Review of equations of
uniformly accelerated motion, Newton’s
laws of motion, Momentum (momentum
and Newton’s second law of motion,
impulse, law of conservation of
momentum), Elastic and inelastic collisions
(elastic collision in one dimension), Forces
due to water flow, Momentum and
explosive forces, Rocket propulsion,
Projectile motion (Height of the projectile,
time of flight, range of the projectile,
application to ballistic missiles), Work done
3
4. Find the unknown weight of a body by the
method of vector addition.
5. Verification of following relations of
simple Pendulum
i. Time Period is independent of
amplitude
ii. Time Period is independent of its mass
and density of the bob
iii. Time Period is directly proportional to
the square root of its length
6. To find the acceleration due to gravity by
oscillating mass spring system
7. Verify the conditions of equilibrium using
suspended meter rod.
8. Study the fall of a body through a viscous
medium
9. Determine the Youngs moduls of
elasticity of a wire by Searles apparatus.
Find the moment of inertia of a fly Wheel
about its axis
Recommended Books:
1. Saleemi, F., Butt, Z., Shahid, M.A.,
Ghauuri, I. M., Nisar, M., Tariq, J.,
Hussain, K., Mahmood, F.,Usmani, S.,
Riaz, A. 2009. Physics XI, Punjab
Textbook Board, Lahore.
2. Nelkon, M. and Oqborn, J. M. 2009.
Advanced Level Practical Physics (4th
Edition) Heinemann educational
publishers.
by a constant force, Work done by a
variable force, work done by gravitation
field, Power (power and velocity), Energy
(work-energy principle, absolute potential
energy, escape velocity), Interconversion of
potential energy and kinetic energy,
Conservation of energy, Non conventional
energy sources (energy from tides, energy
from waves, solar energy, energy from
biomass, energy from waste products,
geothermal energy), Angular displacement,
Angular velocity, Angular acceleration,
Relation between angular and linear
velocities, Centripetal force, Moment of
inertia, Angular Momentum, Laws of
conservation of Angular momentum,
Rotational kinetic energy (Rotational kinetic
energy of a disk and a hoop), Artificial
satellites, Real and apparent weight,
Weightlessness in satellites and gravity free
system, Orbital velocity, Artificial gravity,
Geostationary orbits, Communication
satellites, Newton’s and Einstein’s views of
gravitation, Viscous drag and stokes law,
Terminal velocity, Fluid flow, Equation of
continuity, Bernoulli’s equation,
Application of Bernoulli’s equation
(Torricelli’s theorem, relation between
speed and pressure of the fluid, Venturi
relation, blood flow).
Practicals:
1. To find the volume of a cylinder using
Vernier Calliper.
2. To find the area of cross section of a
wire or volume of small sphere using
the microcenter screw gauge.
3. To find the unknown weight of a body
by the method of vector addition of
forces.
4. Determination of value of ‘g’ by free
fall using an electronic timer/ticker.
5. Verification of following relations of
simple Pendulum;
i. Time Period is independent of the
amplitude.
4
ii. Time Period is independent of its
mass or density of the bob.
iii. Time Period is directly proportional
to the square root of its length.
6. To find the acceleration due to gravity
by oscillating mass-spring system
7. To study the laws of conservation of
momentum by colliding trolleys and
ticker timer for elastic and inelastic
collisions.
8. Verify the second condition of
equilibrium using a suspended meter
rod.
9. To study the fall of a body through a
viscous medium and hence to deduce
the co-efficient of viscosity of the
medium.
10. To determine Young’s modulus of wire
by Searle’s apparatus.
11. To find the moment of inertia of a fly
wheel.
Recommended Books:
1. Saleemi, F., Butt, Z., Shahid, M.A.,
Ghauuri, I. M., Nisar, M., Tariq, J.,
Hussain, K., Mahmood, F.,Usmani,
S., Riaz, A. 2014. Physics XI,
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.
2. Nelkon, M. and Oqborn, J. M. 2009.
Advanced Level Practical Physics
(4th Edition) Heinemann educational
publishers.
5
EXISTING COURSE CONTENTS PROPOSED COURSE CONTENTS
Physics-II
PY-102
4(3-1)
Physics-II
PY-102
4(3-1)
Theory Simple harmonic motion, SHM and uniform
circular motion, Phase, A horizontal mass
spring system, simple pendulum, energy
conservation in SHM, Free and forced
Oscillations, Resonance, Damped
Oscillations, Sharpness of Resonance,
Progressive Waves, Periodic Waves, Speed of
sound in air, Principle of superposition,
Interference, Beats, Reflection of Waves,
Stationary Waves, Stationary Waves in a
stretched string, Stationary Waves in air
columns, Doppler Effect, Waterfronts,
Huygen’s principle, Interference of Light
waves, Young’s double slit Experiment,
Interference in thin films, Newton’s Rings,
Michelson’s Interferometer, Diffraction of
Light, Diffraction Due to a Narrow slit,
Diffraction grating, Diffraction of X-Rays by
Crystals, Polarization of light, Least Distance
of distinct vision, Magnifying power and
resolving power optical Instruments, Simple
Microscope, Compound Microscope,
Astronomical telescope, Spectrometer, Speed
of Light, Introduction of Fiber optics, Fiber
optic principles, Types of optical Fiber, Signal
Transmission and conversion to sound, Losses
of power, Kinetic theory of Gases, Internal
Energy, Work and Heat, First law of
Thermodynamics, Molar specific Heats of a
Gas, Reversible and irreversible processes,
Heat engine, Second Law of
Thermodynamics, Carnot engine and Carnot’s
Theorem, Thermodynamics scale of
temperature, Petrol Engine, Entropy,
Environmental crises as entropy crises.
Practicals:
1. Verify the law of vibrations of stretched
strings using a sonometer.
2. To determine the wavelength and velocity
of sound in air using stationary waves by
Theory
Simple harmonic motion (instantaneous
displacement and amplitude of vibration,
vibration, time period, frequency, angular
frequency), SHM and uniform circular
motion (displacement, instantaneous
velocity, acceleration in terms of ω), Phase,
A horizontal mass spring system, simple
pendulum, energy conservation in SHM,
Free and forced Oscillations, Resonance,
Damped Oscillations, Sharpness of
Resonance, Progressive Waves (transverse
and longitudinal waves), Periodic Waves
(transverse periodic waves, longitudinal
periodic waves), Speed of sound in air
(Effect of variation of pressure, density and
temperature on the speed of sound in a gas),
Principle of superposition, Interference,
Beats, Reflection of Waves, Stationary
Waves, Stationary Waves in a stretched
string, Stationary Waves in air columns,
Doppler Effect (Applications of Doppler
effect), Waterfronts, Huygen’s principle,
Interference of Light waves (conditions for
detectible interference), Young’s double slit
Experiment, Interference in thin films,
Newton’s Rings, Michelson’s
Interferometer, Diffraction of Light,
Diffraction Due to a Narrow slit, Diffraction
grating, Diffraction of X- Rays by Crystals,
Polarization (production and detection of
plane polarized light, optical rotation), Least
Distance of distinct vision, Magnifying
power and resolving power of optical
Instruments, Simple Microscope,
Compound Microscope, Astronomical
telescope, Spectrometer, Speed of Light,
Introduction of Fiber optics, Fiber optic
principles, Types of optical Fiber, Signal
Transmission and conversion to sound,
Losses of power, Kinetic theory of Gases
(pressure of gas, interpretation of
6
resonance apparatus using the first
resonance position and the end correction.
3. To determine the focal length of a convex
lens by displacement method.
4. To determine the focal length of a convex
lens using.
(i) Convex mirror
(ii) Convex lens
5. To find the reflective index of a water
using a concave mirror.
6. Determine the critical angle of glass using
a glass prism and hence calculate the
refractive index of a glass.
7. To determine the wavelength of sodium
light by Newton,s Rings.
8. To determine the wavelength of sodium
light by Diffraction grating.
9. Setting up a telescope and determination
of its magnifying power and length.
10. To measure the mechanical equivalent of
heat by electrical method.
Recommended Books:
1. Saleemi, F., Butt, Z., Shahid, M.A.,
Ghauuri, I. M., Nisar, M., Tariq, J.,
Hussain, K., Mahmood, F.,Usmani, S.,
Riaz, A. 2009. Physics XI, Punjab
Textbook Board, Lahore.
2. Nelkon, M. and Oqborn, J. M. 2009.
Advanced Level Practical Physics (4th
Edition) Heinemann educational
publishers.
temperature, deviation of gas laws), Internal
Energy, Work and Heat, First law of
Thermodynamics (isothermal process,
adiabatic process), Molar specific Heats of a
Gas, Reversible and irreversible processes,
Heat engine-Diesel engine, Second Law of
Thermodynamics, Carnot engine and
Carnot’s Theorem, Thermodynamics scale
of temperature, Petrol Engine-Diesel
engine, Entropy, Environmental crises as
entropy crises.
Practicals:
1. Determination of frequency of AC by
Melde’s apparatus/electric sonometer.
2. Investigation of die laws of vibration of
stretched strings by sonometer or
electromagnetic method
3. To determine the wavelength of sound
in air using stationary waves and to
calculate the speed of sound.
4. To determine the focal length of a
convex lens by displacement method.
5. To determine the focal length of a
convex lens using.
(i) Convex mirror
(ii) Convex lens
6. To find the refractive index of the
material of a prism using laser or
spectrometer
7. To find the refractive index of the
material of a prism by critical angle
method.
8. To find the refractive index of a liquid
using a concise mirror.
9. To determine the wavelength of sodium
light by Newton’s Rings.
10. To determine the wavelength of light by
diffraction grating using spectrometer or
laser.
11. To measure the diameter of a wire or
hair using laser.
12. Setting up a telescope and determination
of its magnifying power and length.
13. To find the coefficient of linear
expansion of the material of a rod by
7
Pullinger’s apparatus.
14. To measure the mechanical equivalent
of heat by electrical method.
Recommended Books:
1. Saleemi, F., Butt, Z., Shahid, M.A.,
Ghauuri, I. M., Nisar, M., Tariq, J.,
Hussain, K., Mahmood, F.,Usmani,
S., Riaz, A. 2014. Physics XI,
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.
2. Nelkon, M. and Oqborn, J. M. 2009.
Advanced Level Practical Physics
(4th Edition) Heinemann educational
publishers.
8
EXISTING COURSE CONTENTS PROPOSED COURSE CONTENTS
Chemistry-I
Chem-101
4(3-1)
Chemistry-I
Chem-101
4(3-1)
Theory Atom, Evidence of atom, Molecule, Ions,
molecular Ion, Relative atomic mass,
Isotopes, Relative Abundance of Isotopes,
Determination of relative atomic mass of
Isotopes by Mass Spectroscopy, Average
Atomic masses, Analysis of a compound,
Empirical and Molecular Formulas, Empirical
formula, Empirical formula from combustion
analysis, Molecular Formula, Concept of
mole, Avogadro’s number, Molar volume,
Stoichiometry, Limiting reactant, Yield,
Filtration, Filtration through filter paper,
Filtration through filter crucibles,
Crystallization, Choice of solvent, preparation
of saturated solution, Cooling, Collecting the
crystals, Drying of the crystallized substance,
decolourization of undesired colours,
Sublimation, Solvent extraction,
Chromatography, Paper chromatography,
States of matter, Properties of gases,
Properties of Liquids, Properties of solids,
Units of pressure, Gas laws, Boyles law,
Charles law, Derivation of Absolute zero,
Scales of Thermometry, General gas equation,
Ideal gas constant, Density of an Ideal gas,
Avogadro’s Law, Daltons law of partial
pressures, Calculation of partial pressure of a
gas, Application of Daltons law of Partial
pressures, Diffusion and Effusion, Graham’s
Law of Diffusion, Kinetic Molecular theory of
gases, Explanation of gas laws from Kinetic
Theory of gases, Kinetic interpretation of
temperature, Liquefaction of gases, General
principle of liquefaction, Methods of
liquefaction of gases, non ideal behavior of
gases, Causes of Deviations from ideality,
Van der Waals Equation for real gases,
Plasma state, Intermolecular forces, Dipole-
dipole Forces, Dipole-induced dipole forces,
Instantaneous Dipole-induced dipole forces or
Theory Atom, Evidence of atoms, Molecule,
molecular Ion, Relative atomic mass,
Isotopes, Relative Abundance of Isotopes,
Determination of relative atomic mass of
Isotopes by Mass Spectroscopy, Average
Atomic masses, Analysis of a compound,
Empirical and Molecular Formulas
Empirical formula, Empirical formula from
combustion analysis, Molecular Formula,
Concept of mole, Avogadro’s number,
Molar volume, Stoichiometry, Limiting
reactant, Yield. Filteration, Filteration
through filter paper, Filteration through
filter crucibles, Crystallization Choice of
solvent, preparation of saturated solution,
Cooling, Collecting the crystals, Drying of
the crystallized substance, decolourization
of undesired colours, Sublimation, Solvent
extraction, Chromatography Paper
chromatography, States of matter:
Properties of gases, Properties of Liquids,
Properties of solids, Units of pressure, Gas
laws: Boyles law, Experimental verification
of Boyel’s law, Charles law, Graphical
Explanation of Charles Law, General gas
equation: Ideal gas constant R, Density of
an Ideal gas, Avogadro’s Law, Daltons law
of partial pressures: Calculation of partial
pressure of a gas, Application of Daltons
law of Partial pressures. Diffusion and
Effusion: Graham’s Law of Diffusion,
Demonstration of Graham’s Law, Kinetic
Molecular theory of gases: Explanation of
gas laws from Kinetic Theory of gases:
Kinetic interpretation of temperature,
Liquefaction of gases: General principle of
liquefaction, Methods of liquefaction of
gases. Non ideal behaviors of gases: Causes
of Deviations from ideality, Van der Waals
Equation for real gases, Plasma state,
9
London Depression forces, Factors effecting
the London forces, Hydrogen bonding,
Properties and Application of compounds
containing hydrogen bonding, Evaporation,
Vapour pressure, Measurement of vapour
pressure, Boiling Point, Boiling point and
external pressure, Energetics of Phase
Changes, Energy changes and intermolecular
Attractions, Change of state and Dynamic
equilibrium, Liquid crystals, Solids, Types of
solids, Properties of crystalline solids,, Crystal
Lattice, Unit cell, Crystals and their
Classification, Classification of solids, Ionic
solids, Covalent solids, Molecular solids,
Metallic solids, Determination of Avogadro’s
number, Sub-atomic particles of atoms,
Discovery of cathode rays, Properties of
cathode rays, Discovery of Protons, Properties
of positive rays Discovery of Neutrons,
Properties of Neutron, Measurement of e/m
value of electron, Measurement of charge on
electron-Millikan Oil method, Rutherford’s
model of atoms, Planks quantum theory,
Bohr’s model of atom, Spectrum, continuous
spectrum, Atomic or Line spectrum, Atomic
emission spectrum, Atomic Absorption
spectrum, Hydrogen spectrum, Origin of
hydrogen spectrum, Origin of Hydrogen
spectrum on basis of Bohr’s model, Defects of
Bohr’s atomic model, X-rays atomic number,
Wave particle nature of matter, Experimental
verification of dual nature of matter,
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Quantum
numbers, Shapes of orbitals, Electronic
distribution, Causes of chemical combination,
Energetics of bond formation, Atomic sizes,
Ionic radii and covalent radii, Ionization
energies, Electron affinity, Electronegativity,
Types of bonds, Modern theories of covalent
bond, Valance shell electron pair repulsion
theory, Valance bond theory, Atomic orbital
hybridization and shapes of molecules,
Molecular orbital theory, Bond energy bond
length and Dipole moment, Effect of bonding
on properties of compounds.
Introduction, Intermolecular forces:
Dipole-dipole Forces, Dipole-induced
dipole forces, Instantaneous Dipole-induced
dipole forces or London Depression forces,
Factors effecting the London forces,
Hydrogen bonding,, Properties and
Application of compounds containing
hydrogen bonding, Evaporation: Vapour
pressure, Measurement of vapour pressure,
Boiling Point, Boiling point and external
pressure Energetics of Phase Changes,
Energy changes and intermolecular
Attractions, Change of state and Dynamic
equilibrium, Liquid crystals, Solids:
Introduction, Types of solids, Properties of
crystalline solids. Crystal Lattice: Unit cell,
Crystals and their Classification,
Classification of solids: Ionic solids,
Covalent solids, Molecular solids, Metallic
solids, Sub-atomic particles of atoms:
Discovery of cathode rays, Properties of
cathode rays, Discovery of Protons,
Properties of positive rays, Discovery of
Neutrons, Properties of Neutron,
Measurement of e/m value of electron,
Measurement of charge on electron.
Rutherford’s model of atoms: Discovery of
Nucleus. Planks quantum theory, Bohr’s
model of atom, Spectrum: Continuous
spectrum, Atomic or Line spectrum, Atomic
emission spectrum, Atomic Absorption
spectrum, Hydrogen spectrum, Origin of
hydrogen spectrum, Origin of Hydrogen
spectrum on basis of Bohr’s model, Defects
of Bohr’s atomic model. Wave particle
nature of matter: Experimental verification
of dual nature of matter. Heisenberg
uncertainty principle, Quantum numbers,
Shapes of orbitals, Electronic distribution,
Introduction: Cause of chemical
combination, Energy of bond formation.
Atomic sizes: Atomic radii, Ionic radii and
covalent radii. Ionization energy electron
affinity and electronegativity, Types of
Bonds: Ionic bond, covalent bond, modern
theories of covalent bond, Valance shell
10
Practicals:
1. Knowledge of precautions.
2. Laboratory, knowledge of first aid and
first aid kit.
3. Familiarities with glass ware.
4. Cutting and bending of glass tubes.
5. Separation of a mixture of inks by paper
chromatography.
6. Separation and identification of lead and
cadmium ions in a mixture by paper
chromatography.
7. Purification of commercial salt.
8. Crystallization of benzoic acid from water.
9. Preparation and standardization of acid-
alkali solutions.
Recommended Book:
Muhammad, A., Qureshi, S. H., Ullah, C. S.,
Khan, M. L., Zia, A., Hussain, A. 2009.
Chemistry XI, Punjab Textbook Board,
Lahore.
electron pair repulsion theory, Valance bond
theory, Atomic orbital hybridization and
shapes of molecules, Molecular orbital
theory, Bond Energy, bond length and
dipole moment: Bond energy, Ionic
character and bond energy, bond length,
dipole moment, Dipole moments and
molecular structure.
Practicals:
1. Knowledge of precautions.
2. Laboratory, knowledge of first aid and
first aid kit.
3. Familiarities with glass ware.
4. Cutting and bending of glass tubes.
5. Separation of a mixture of inks by paper
chromatography.
6. Separation and identification of lead and
cadmium ions in a mixture by paper
chromatography.
7. Purification of commercial salt.
8. Crystallization of benzoic acid from
water.
9. Preparation and standardization of acid-
alkali solutions.
10. Determination of heat of neutralization
Recommended Book: Muhammad, A., Qureshi, S. H., Ullah, C.
S., Khan, M. L., Zia, A., Hussain, A. 2014.
Chemistry XI, Punjab Textbook Board,
Lahore.
11
EXISTING COURSE CONTENTS PROPOSED COURSE CONTENTS
Chemistry-II
Chem-102
4(3-1)
Chemistry-II
Chem-102
4(3-1)
Theory Spontaneous and non spontaneous reactions,
system surrounding and state functions, Internal
energy and first law of thermodynamics,
Enthalpy, Measurements of enthalpy of
reactions, Hess law of constant heat summation,
Reversible and irreversible reactions, State of
chemical equilibrium, Law of mass action,
Relationships between equilibrium constants,
Application of equilibrium constant, Le-
Chatliers Principle, Application of Chemical
equilibrium in industry, Ionic product of water,
pH and pOH, Ionization constants of acids,
Ionization constants of basis, Lowery Bronsted
acid base concept, Common ion effect, Buffer
solutions, Buffer capacity, Equilibrium of
slightly soluble ionic compounds, Applications
of solubility product, Concept of solutions,
Concentration units of solutions, Types of
solutions, Ideal and non ideal solutions,
Raoult’s Law, Vapour pressure of liquid-liquid
solutions, Solubility and solubility curves,
Colligative properties of solutions, Energetics
of solution, hydration and hydrolysis, Oxidation
state and balancing of redox equations,
Electrolytic conduction, electrochemical cells,
Electrode potential, electrochemical series,
Applications of electrochemical series, modern
batteries and fuel cells, Rate of reaction, order
of reaction, Half life period, Rate determining
step, Determination of rate of chemical reaction,
Energy of activation, Finding the order of
reaction, Factors effecting rates of reaction,
Catalysis.
Practicals:
1. Determination of heat of neutralization,
Determination of Na2CO3 in mixture
solution, Determination of NaHCO3 in
mixture solution.
2. Standardization of KMnO4 solution by
standard oxalic acid solution.
Theory Introduction, Spontaneous and non-
spontaneous reactions, System, Surrounding
and State functions, Internal energy and first
law of thermodynamics, Enthalpy: Enthalpy
of a reaction, Formation, Atomization,
Neutralization, Combustion and Solution,
Measurement of a Reaction, Hess’s law of
constant heat summation, The Born-Haber
Cycle, Reversible and irreversible reactions:
State of chemical equilibrium, Law of mass
action, Units of equilibrium constants and
its expressions for some important
reactions, Relationship between equilibrium
constants, Application of equilibrium
constant, The Le-Chatliers Principle,
Application of Chemical equilibrium in
industry: Synthesis of Ammonia by Haber’s
Process, Preparation of Sulphur trioxide,
Ionic product of water, Ionization constants
of acids (Ka), Ionization constants of bases
(Kb), Lowery Bronsted acid base concept,
Common-ion effect, Buffer solutions,
Equilibria of slightly soluble ionic
compounds (Solubility product):
Applications of solubility product, Concept
of solutions, Concentration units of
solutions: Percentage composition, Molarity
(Symbol, M), Molality (Symbol, m), Mole
Fraction (Symbol, x), Parts per Million
(Symbol, ppm), Interconversion of various
concentration units of solution, Types of
solutions: Solutions of solids in liquids,
solutions of liquids in liquids, Ideal and non
ideal solutions, Raoult’s Law, Vapour
pressure of liquid-liquid solutions,
Solubility and solubility curves: solubility
curves, fractional crystallization, Colligative
properties of solutions: Colligative,
Lowering of vapour pressure, Elevation of
boiling point, Measurement of boiling point
elevation, Depression of the freezing point
12
3. Determination of number of water
molecules of crystallization in Mohr’s salt
and ferrous sulphate, Determination of
acetic acid in vinegar.
4. Titration of iodine solution against sodium
thiosulphate solution using starch as
indicator.
Recommended Book:
Muhammad, A., Qureshi, S. H., Ullah, C. S.,
Khan, M. L., Zia, A., Hussain, A. 2009.
Chemistry XI, Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.
of solvent by solute, Measurement of
freezing depression. Energetics of solution:
Hydration energy of ions, Hydration and
hydrolysis: Hydration, hydrates and
hydrolysis, Oxidation state and balancing of
redox equations: Oxidation number or state,
To find oxidation number of an element in a
compound or a radical, Balancing of redox
equations by oxidation number method,
balancing redox equations by ion-electron
method, Electrolytic conduction:
Electrochemical cells, Electrolytic cells,
Explanation of Electrolysis, Electrolysis
process of industrial importance, Voltaic or
Galvanic cell, Electrode potential: Standard
hydrogen electrode, measurement of
electrode potential, Electrochemical series:
Applications of electrochemical series,
Modern batteries and fuel cells: Lead
accumulator, Alkaline battery, Silver oxide
battery, Nickel cadmium cell, Fuel cells,
Rate of reaction: Instantaneous and average
rate, Specific rate constant or velocity
constant, Order of reaction, Half life period,
Rate determining step, Determination of
rate of chemical reaction: Physical methods,
Chemical method, Energy of activation,
Finding the order of reaction, Half life
method, Method of large excess, Factors
affecting rates of reactions: Nature of
reactants, Concentration of reactants,
Surface area, Light, Effect of temperature
on rate of reaction, Arrhenius equation,
Catalysis: Characteristics of a catalyst,
Activation of catalyst, Enzyme catalysis,
Characteristics of enzyme catalysis.
Practicals:
1. Determination of Na2CO3 in a mixture
of solution.
2. Determination of NaHCO3 in a mixture
solution.
3. Standardization of KMnO4 by solution
by standard Oxalic acid.
4. Determination of number of water
molecules of crystallization in Mohr's
13
salt and ferrous sulphate.
5. Determination of acetic acid in vinegar.
6. Titration of iodine solution against
sodium thiosulphate solution using
starch as indicator.
Recommended Book:
Muhammad, A., Qureshi, S. H., Ullah, C.
S., Khan, M. L., Zia, A., Hussain, A. 2014.
Chemistry XI, Punjab Textbook Board,
Lahore.
14
EXISTING COURSE CONTENTS PROPOSED COURSE CONTENTS
Botany-I
Bot-101
4(3-1)
Botany-I
Bot-101
4(3-1)
Theory Biology and some major fields of specialization,
levels of biological organization, Living World in
Space, Living World in Time, Phyletic lineage,
Biological Method, Biology and the service of
mankind, Characteristics of enzymes, mechanism
of enzyme action, factors affecting the rate of
enzyme action, Emergence and Implication of Cell
Theory, Cell as a unit of structure and function,
Structure of a generalized cell (Plasma
membrane, Cell wall, Cytoplasm, Endoplasmic
Reticulum, Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus,
Lysosomes, Peroxisome, Glyoxysomes,
Vacuoles, cytoskeleton, centriole, mitochondria,
plastids, nucleus, nuclear membrane, nucleolus,
chromosomes, Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell,
Characteristics of Cyanobacteria, their economic
importance, Nostoc,, The Algae: Plant like
protists, The Euglenoids, Dinoflagellates,
Diatoms, Brown Algae, Red Algae, Green Algae,
Fungus like protists; Slime molds and water
molds, Body of Fungus, Nutrition in Fungi,
Reproduction, Classification, Classification,
Adaptation to land habitat, Evolution of leaf,
Evolution of seed habit, Pinus life cycle, life cycle
of an angiospermic plant, seed formation, double
fertilization, angiospermic families (rosaceae,
solonaceae, fabaceae, ceasalpinaceae,
mimosaceae, poaceae), Photosynthesis,
Chloroplasts-The sites of photosynthesis in plants,
photosynthetic pigments, Light-the driving
energy, role of carbon dioxide: a photosynthetic
reactant, Reactions of photosynthesis, Non-cyclic
phosphorylation, cyclic phosphorylation,
Respiration; its types and reactions, Autotrophic
nutrition, heterotrophic nutrition, methods of
plant nutrition, nutrition in insectivorous plants,
Photorespiration and its consequences
Introduction, Need for transport of materials,
transport in plants, apoplastic, symplastic and
vacuolar pathways; Water potential, osmotic
Potential, pressure potential, ascent of sap,
Theory Biology and some major fields of
specialization, levels of biological
organization, Living World in Space,
Living World in Time, Phyletic lineage,
Biological Method, Biology and the
service of mankind, Protection and
Conservation of environment,
Characteristics of enzymes, mechanism of
enzyme action, factors affecting the rate of
enzyme action, Inhibitors, Emergence and
Implication of Cell Theory, Cell as a unit
of structure and function, Structure of a
generalized cell (Plasma membrane, Cell
wall, Cytoplasm, Endoplasmic Reticulum,
Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes,
Peroxisome, Glyoxysomes, Vacuoles,
cytoskeleton, centriole, mitochondria,
plastids, nucleus, nuclear membrane,
nucleolus, chromosomes, Prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cell, Nomenclature, Two to five
kingdom classification systems,
Characteristics of Cyanobacteria, their
economic importance, Nostoc, The Algae:
Plant like protists, The Euglenoids,
Dinoflagellates, Diatoms, Brown Algae,
Red Algae, Green Algae, Fungus like
protists; Slime molds and water molds,
Body of Fungus, Nutrition in Fungi,
Reproduction, Classification, land
adaptations of Fungi, Importance of Fungi
(Economic gains and losses due to fungi),
Classification, Adaptation to land habitat,
Evolution of leaf, Evolution of seed habit,
Pinus life cycle, life cycle of an
angiospermic plant, seed formation, double
fertilization, angiospermic families
(rosaceae, solonaceae, fabaceae,
ceasalpinaceae, mimosaceae, poaceae),
Photosynthesis, Chloroplasts-The sites of
photosynthesis in plants, photosynthetic
pigments, Light-the driving energy, role of
15
cohesion tension theory, root pressure, guttation
types of transpiration, opening and closing of
stomata, translocation of organic solutes.
Practicals:
1. Laboratory safety techniques, use of
microscope and micrometry of microscopic
objects
2. Study of Chlorella, Volvox, Ulothrix, Ulva,
Ustilago tritici and Penecillium from fresh
materials and prepared slides
3. Examination of Marchantia and Funaria from
fresh material and prepared slides.
4. Study of Adiantum sporophyte and
gametophytes from fresh material and
prepared slides
5. Study of Pinus male and female cones
6. Study of different types inflorescence from
Cassia, Morus, Brassica, Foreniculum,
Avena, Helianthus, Tradescantia, Ipomoea
and Euphorbia
7. Extraction and chromatography of
photosynthetic pigments
8. Effect of glucose on opening and closing of
stomata
9. Investigation on stomatal distribution using
clear nail varnish or epidermal peels
10. Study from prepared slides of internal
structure of monocot and dicot root, stem and
leaf.
Recommended Books:
1. Shakoori, A.R., Iqbal, J., Azizullah,
Hussnain, S., Saeed, H., Zia-ul-Islam,
Masood, K.R., Tariq, A., Iqbal, J., Cheema,
S.N., Mughal, J.U.I., Saeed, A.R. and Sabri,
A. 2009. Biology XI. Punjab Text Book
Board, Lahore.
2. Shakoori, A.R., A. M. Cheema, H. Saeed, R.
M. Khan, N. Usmani, A. R. Saeed, J. I. Qazi,
J.A.Wahla, Farkhanda, S. S. Hameed. 2009.
Biology XII. Punjab Textbook Board,
Lahore.
carbon dioxide: a photosynthetic reactant,
Reactions of photosynthesis, Non-cyclic
phosphorylation, cyclic phosphorylation,
Respiration; its types and reactions,
Autotrophic nutrition, heterotrophic
nutrition, methods of plant nutrition,
nutrition in insectivorous plants, Need of
respiratory gas exchange, advantages and
disadvantages of gas exchange in air and in
water, gaseous exchange in plants,
Photorespiration and its consequences,
Introduction, Need for transport of
materials, transport in plants, apoplastic,
symplastic and vacuolar pathways; Water
potential, osmotic Potential, pressure
potential, ascent of sap, cohesion tension
theory, root pressure, guttation types of
transpiration, opening and closing of
stomata, translocation of organic solutes.
Practicals:
1. Laboratory safety techniques, use of
microscope and micrometry of
microscopic objects
2. Study of Chlorella, Volvox, Ulothrix,
Ulva, Ustilago tritici and Penecillium
from fresh materials and prepared
slides
3. Examination of Marchantia and
Funaria from fresh material and
prepared slides.
4. Study of Adiantum sporophyte and
gametophytes from fresh material and
prepared slides
5. Study of Pinus male and female cones
6. Study of different types inflorescence
from Cassia, Morus, Brassica,
Foreniculum, Avena, Helianthus,
Tradescantia, Ipomoea and Euphorbia
7. Extraction and chromatography of
photosynthetic pigments
8. Effect of glucose on opening and
closing of stomata
9. Investigation on stomatal distribution
using clear nail varnish or epidermal
peels
16
10. Study from prepared slides of internal
structure of monocot and dicot root,
stem and leaf.
Recommended Books:
1. Shakoori, A.R., Iqbal, J., Azizullah,
Hussnain, S., Saeed, H., Zia-ul-Islam,
Masood, K.R., Tariq, A., Iqbal, J.,
Cheema, S.N., Mughal, J.U.I., Saeed,
A.R. and Sabri, A. 2013. Biology XI.
Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.
2. Shakoori, A.R., A. M. Cheema, H.
Saeed, R. M. Khan, N. Usmani, A. R.
Saeed, J. I. Qazi, J.A.Wahla,
Farkhanda, S. S. Hameed. 2013.
Biology XII. Punjab Textbook Board,
Lahore.
17
EXISTING COURSE CONTENTS PROPOSED COURSE CONTENTS
Botany-II
Bot-202
4(3-1)
Botany-II
Bot-202
4(3-1)
Theory Osmoregulation in plants, Excretion in plants,