uadgilobis safrTxe: adgilebi da maTi mniSvneloba ...ngu.edu.ge/files/Staff/uadgilobis safrtxe.pdfTu Teatrebi, Zeglebi, sacxovrebe-li saxlebi. [...] qalaqis forma gav-lenas axdens Tavad

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#3 2014óôäòì úòõå

uadgilobis safrTxe: adgilebi da maTimniSvneloba Tanamedrove samyaroSi

ras niSnavs adgili? ra mniSvne lo -ba eniWeba mas Cvens yoveldRiur cxo -vrebaSi? ra mimarTeba gvaqvs adgi le -bTan? rogor zemoqmedebas vaxdenTadgilebze da rogor zemoqmedebenisini Cvenze? dRevandel samyaroSi,sadac adamianebi sakma od xSirad daswrafad gadaadgildebian, es Seki -Txvebi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelo -bas iZens, Tumca maT sa Tanado yura -dReba ar eqceva.marTlac, dRes bevrs saubroben da

weren globalizaciis, adamianTamobilobebis, socialuri qselebisda internetis, informaciuli na ka -debis, adamianTa uflebebis da sxvaaqtualuri sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. mag -ram axsovT ki am dros adgil(eb)i?fiqroben Tu ara adamianebi adgi -lebis Sesaxeb? zrunaven Tu araisini maTze?

adgilebze msjelobas xels uSliserTi garemoeba. Cven, ZiriTadad, mi -Cveuli varT, visaubroT konkretu -li adgilebis Sesaxeb. Cven aRv werTam adgilebs, vsaubrobT Cvens damo -kidebulebaze maT mimarT, vi kvlevTmaT istorias da a.S. Tumca, rodesacsaqme midgeba zogadad ad gilebze,adgilis cnebaze rogorc aseTze,maSin adamianebs es sakiTxi abstraq-tulad da mosawyenad eCve nebaT daTvlian, rom Semdgomi ga nazrebebisaWiro ar aris. marTlac asea Tu ara? qvemoT Se -

vecdebi, vaCveno, rom, sabednierod,ase ar aris: vfiqrob, adgilebis bu -nebaze saubari dagvexmareba, ufroukeT vwvdeT konkretuli adgile -bis mniSvnelobebs, ufro naTladgavacnobieroT, Tu ras niSnavs esaTu is adgili CvenTvis da, rac

giorgi TavaZe

filosofiis doqtori,grigol robaqiZis saxe -lobis universitetis

filosofiisa dasocilur mecnierebaTakvleviTi institutisdireqtoris TanaSemwe

fotoze: q. Tbilisi,

gmirTa moedani

Tbilisi, Gmirta Moedani (Heroes Square)

rogori geografia aqvs im samyaros, sadac Cven vcxovrobT, — mniSvnelovani adgilebis,Tu adgilebis armqone — mxolod Cveni pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxia.

eduard relfi, àdgili da uadgiloba~

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ÌÏÁÏÎÀÂÅÄËÌ ÌÏÐÏÜÎÒÏÎÁË ÀþÒÄÒÌÒ

3 2014óôäòì úòõå

mTavaria, ufro metad vizrunoTadgilebze, radgan, cocxali orga-nizmebis msgavsad, isinic movlasada mzrunvelobas saWiroeben. gamoCenili amerikeli filosofo -

si eduard keisi (daib. 1939 w.) Ta visna SromSi ùkan, adgilisaken!~ (1993 w.)wers, rom adgilebi war ma r Taven ada -mianebs, garkveul kala po tSi aqce -ven, stabilurobas sZenen maT cxov -rebas. imis safuZvelze, Tu sad vim -yofebiT (da sad ar vim yo fe biT), ad -gilebi gveubnebian Cven, Tu vin varTda ras warmovadgenT. adgilebis mni -Svneloba gansakuTrebiT mwvaved ma -Sin igrZnoba, rodesac adamiani sa ku -Tar mSobliur keras moSorebu liada ucxo garemoSi, ucxo adgi lebSiuwevs cxovreba. keisi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas

amaxvilebs sxeulis cnebaze. Cvenisxeuli Cveni TviTobis ganuyofelinawilia, romlis meSveobiTac sxva -dasxva mimarTulebiT vmoZraobT daerTi adgilidan meore adgilze ga -davaadgildebiT. sxeuli aris isaTvlis wertili, romelTan mima r -TebaSic Cven vadgenT iseTi cnebe-bis mniSvnelobas, rogorebicaa `win~,ùkan~, `zemoT~ da `qvemoT~. amrigad,sxeuls, adgilsa da moZraobas So -ris mWidro kavSiri arsebobs. keisimiiCnevs, rom sxeulebi ekuTvnis ad -gilebs da, amave dros, adgilebi eku -Tvnis sxeulebs da damokidebuliamaTze. es imas niSnavs, rom mxo lodim faqtis meSveobiT, rom ada mianssxeuli aqvs, is ganuyrel kav SirSiaadgilTan, mudam mimagrebulia masze.adamianis arsebobisaTvis adgile -

bis uaRresad did mniSvnelobazesaubrobs avstralieli filosofo -si jef malpasi (daib. 1958 w.) TavisnaSromSi àdgili da gamocdileba.filosofiuri topografia~ (1999 w.).igi Tvlis, rom adgili yovelgvarifilosofiisa da filosofosobissafuZvelmdebare cnebaa. adamianis

azrovnebisa da gamocdilebis gagebaSeuZlebelia adgilisa da lo ka lo -bis gagebis gareSe. `Cven mxolod imi -tom varT mocemuli tipis moa zro -vne, mexsierebis mqone da ganmc deliarsebebi, rom aqtiurad varT Car -Tulebi adgilTan. [...] SeiZleba iT -qvas, rom Cveni identobebi auci le -blad da CaxlarTulad adgileb Ta -naa dakavSirebuli~, — wers malpasi. adgilis Sesaxeb uaRresad sainte -

reso ganazrebebi aqvs XX saukuniserT-erT udides moazrovnes, ger-manel filosofoss, martin haide -gers (1889-1976 ww.). Tavis mcire, ma -gram sakmaod rTul eseSi `Seneba —cxovreba — azrovneba~ (1951 w.) hai -degeri saubrobs adgilis Semom k -reb bunebaze da Senebis mniSvnelo -baze. mdinareze gadebuli xidi, ro -gorc adamianuri aqtivobis produ -qti, mdinaris napirebs erTmaneT -Tan akavSirebs da adgils warmoqm-nis. xidi Tavis garSemo adgilebs daadamianebs Semoikrebs, radgan ismaT erTmaneTTan akavSirebs. xidimdinares dinebis, xolo adamianebs— gadaadgilebis saSualebas aZ levs.haidegeris ganazrebebi adgi lis Se -saxeb dRemde did gavlenas axdensmkvlevarebze rogorc fi lo sofi -aSi, aseve, socialur mecniere bebSi. am mxriv niSandoblivia kanadeli

ge ografi eduard relfi (d. 1944 w.),romelsac ekuTvnis sazogadoebrivgeografiaSi klasikur Sromad qce -uli àdgili da uadgiloba~ (1976 w.).aRniSnul naSromSi relfi sTvis amo -saval wertils haidege ris Sexedu -lebebi warmoadgens. naSromSi relfi kompaqturad, ma -

gram, amave dros, Zalian momcveladaanalizebs adgilis arsebas, adgi -lTan adamianTa damokidebulebisformebs, uadgilobis fenomens daa.S. is, rom adgilis mniSvneloba ada -mianisaTvis gacilebiT didia, rel -fis mixedviT, imaSi gamoixateba, rom

marTlac, dRes bevrs sa -ubroben da weren glob-alizaciis, adamianTamobilobebis, socia lu -ri qselebis da inter-netis, informaciuli na - ka debis, adamianTa uf -lebebis da sxva aqtua -luri sakiTxebis Sesa x -eb. mag ram axsovT ki amdros adgil(eb)i? fiq -roben Tu ara adamiane -bi adgi lebis Sesaxeb?zrunaven Tu ara isinimaTze?



adamianebi (rogorc individualu-rad, aseve, jgufurad) cdi loben,daicvan TavianTi adgilebi garegamanadgurebeli Zalebisagan. aseve,adamianebs aqvT nostalgiis grZno -ba konkretuli adgilebis mi marT.adamianad yofna niSnavs mni Svne lo -vani adgilebiT savse samya roSi cxo -vrebas. adamianad yofna niSnavs saku -Tari adgilis qonas da mis codnas.qvemoT ramdenime ZiriTad cnebas

gamovyof, romlebsac relfi gansa -kuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs.eqsistencialuri CarTuloba niS -navs adgilisadmi mikuTvnebulobasda adgilTan mijaWvulobas. is gu -lisxmobs adgilebis mniSvnelobissrulad aRqmas gaucnobiereblad dabunebrivad. eqsistencialuri Car -Tulobis dros individi adgilis na -wilia da, amave dros, adgili arisindividis nawili. adgilebTan aseTdamokidebulebas upirispirdeba is -eTi midgoma, romelic adgilebs si -vrceSi mdebare ubralo werti le b -ad ganixilavs, romelTac ar ga aC ni -aT sakuTari istoria da TviT myo -fadoba. aseTi midgomis klasi ku rinimuSia qalaqis damgegmavis pozi-cia, romelic òbieqturad~ hyofssivrces Tanabar segme ntebad da ariTvaliswinebs calke uli ubnis, Tukonkretuli adgilis warsuls. Sed -egad viRebT imas, rom, ugulis yu -robis gamo, xSirad mdidari isto-riuli warsulis mqone da TviTmyo -fadi adgilebi qreba da maT nacvladmkvidrdeba uadgiloba — ad gilebisgancdisa da adgi le bis identobebismravalferov nebis Se susteba. aseTdros mravl deba ze da piruli iden-tobis mqone adgi le bi, romlebTa n -ac adamianebi ver grZno ben mija Wv -ulobas. sabo loo ja mSi, relfisazriT, es procesebi adami anSi gau c -xoebis grZno bas aZlierebs. rogor SeiZleba davupirispir d -

eT uadgilobas? mniSvnelobis mqo -

ne adgilebis SeqmniT, romleb zecadamianebi izruneben da sadac isinierTmaneTTan interaqciaSi Se vlen,rac xels Seuwyobs adgili sa dmi mi -kuTvnebulobis ganmtkicebas dapozitiur zegavlenas moaxdens maTindividualur da koleqtiur iden-tobebze. hegelis filosofiis cno-bili mkvlevari, saqarTveloSi fi -losofiuri geografiis kvleve bi sa -Tvis biZgis mimcemi, germaneli prof -esori helmut Snaideri (daib. 1938 w.)Tavis statiaSi ùtopiu ri qalaqissimbolika~ ur banuli simboloebisSesaxeb saub robs. igi ga nixilavs ge -rmaneli fsi qoanaliti kosis, alf -red lorence ris (1922-2002 ww.) Se -xedulebebs da aCvenebs, rom qala q -Si adamiani sa Wi roebs emocionalurmimarTebas mis mier Seqmnil gare -mosTan. `qalaqis garemos arqiteq-turul formebTan kontaqti mTli -anad qalaqSi xorci eldeba, mis yve -la formaSi, iqneba es quCebi, moed-nebi, saxlebi Tu ezoebi, aseve baRe -bi, eklesiebi, rkini gzis sadgurebiTu Teatrebi, Zeg lebi, sacxovrebe-li saxlebi. [...] qalaqis forma gav -lenas axdens Tavad mis macxovreb -lebze. qalaqis siluetis gancda,mTliani qalaqis suraTi am qalaqismacxovrebelTa Sinagan mo mentadiqceva, romelTanac isini Se mdegSisakuTari Tavis gaigivebas ax denen.qalaqi da misi arqiteqtura ada mi a -nTa grZnobebze zemoqme debs.~rogor SeiZleba zemoTqmuli dag -

vexmaros konkretuli adgilebisukeT wvdomasa da mniSvnelobis mqo -ne adgilebis SeqmnaSi? Sevecdebi,ram denime magaliTis meSveobiT mo -vaxdino aRniSnulis demonstrireba.pirveli magaliTi. ukanasknel

wle bSi qalaq TbilisSi seriozulicvlileba ganicada gmirTa moedanmada mimdebare teritoriam. gmir Tamo ednis centrSi aigo saqarTve losteritoriuli mTlianobisa Tvis da -

Sesaba mis ad, mxolod ad - gi le bze uwyveti zrun -viT SevZlebT cxovreb -as da sakuTari arsebisukeT gaazrebas. adgil -ebze zrunva xsnis axal— ur TierTzrunvis, az -rovnebisa da ur Tier T -gagebis — ga nzomilebas.

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RupulTa xsovnisadmi miRv nili mo -numenti, Tavad moednis te ritoriaTiTqmis mTlianad daifa ra saavto-mobilo estakadebiT, ro melmac er -TmaneTs daukavSira gmi rTa moedanida TamaraSvilis quCa (ix. sur. 1).

aRniSnulma cvlilebebma gamoiwviagmirTa moednis mimdebare te rito -riaze saavtomobilo trafikis mkve -Tri zrda, ramac, marTalia, te qno -logiuri gziT gadaWra adre ar se -buli problema, Tumca, gamouswo re -beli ziani miayena gmirTa moe dans,rogorc adgils. daRupuli gmire-bisadmi miZRvnili memoriali, rome -l sac sapatio yarauli icavs, faq -tobrivad izolirebulia sxva ad -gile bisagan. rogorc wesi, memoria -li ga morCeuli adgilia, sadac mdu -mareba sufevs da romelic mnaxve -lebSi utyv mowiwebas aRZravs da Ru -

puli gmirebis mimarT. ase amyarebsadgi li-simbolo komunikacias mna x -ve l Tan. ra Tqma unda, gmirTa moe d -nis SemTxvevaSi, aseTi komunikaciisTeo riuli albaToba mainc arsebobs,Tu mca, naklebad savaraudoa, rom

manqanebis ganuwyveteli gruxunisaa miso ganwyobas aRZravdes. memo -ria lis yvelaze xSiri `mnaxve le bi~av to busebis fanjrebTan miW yle ti -li mgzavrebi arian, romle bic xancnobismoyvared, xan kidev gulgri-lad Sescqerian sapatio ya rauls.amrigad, dRevandeli gmir Ta moeda -ni uadgilobis klasikuri nimuSia:te qnologiam da dagegmvam ukidu re -sad Seasusta adgilis TviT myofa -doba da is gaqrobis piras mii yvana.meore magaliTi. 2005 wlis 18 no -

e mbers q. foTSi mdebare taZari, ro -melSic 1933 wlidan Teatri iyo gan -

sur. 1. gmirTa moedani,Tbilisi, 2013 w. © http://speakingstones.jumpstart.ge/ka

Fig. 1 Heroes Square,Tbilisi, 2013© http://speakingstones.jumpstart.ge/ka



Tavsebuli, saqarTvelos sapa t riar -qos daubrunda. sakaTedro ta ZriskurTxeva 2013 wlis 12 maiss aRe s ru -la. Tavad taZris mSene blo ba 1906wels daiwyo, maSin, roca qa laqis Ta -vi gamoCenili sazogado mo Rvaweniko nikolaZe (1843-1928 ww.) iyo.taZris mdebareoba unikaluria: qa -

laqis mTavari quCebi swored aq iy -rian Tavs (ix. sur. 2 da 3). garda imi -sa, rom is centraluri sakaTe d rota Zaria, romlis aRdgenis proce sicmniSvnelovani momentia fo Tis uax -les istoriaSi, is, aseve, qalaqis si -mbolocaa, radgan mis ce ntrSi mde -bareobs da qalaqis ma c xo vre be lTaidentobaze Zlier ze gavlenas ax -

dens. dasrulebuli ta Zari maT T vis(gansakuTrebiT im adamianebi sa T -vis, romlebic mis aR dgenaSi iRe bd -nen monawileobas) ara mxolod is ad -gilia, sadac isini loculoben, ara -med maTi identobis nawilia, rome -lic Tavisi arqiteqturuli stiliT,istorii Ta da mdebareo biT Tavis Ta -vSi ganasa xi erebs Ria o bas, poziti urgardaqmnas, urTierT TanamSro m lo -basa da ukeTesi mom avlis rwmenas.ase rom, q. foTis sa kaTedro ta Za -ri, e. rel fis termins Tu gamovi ye -nebT, autenturi adgi lia, radganis koleq tiuri mexsie rebis toposi,urTierT da xmarebis, interaqcie bi -sa da zru nvis Tana kveTis adgilia.

sur. 2. foTis sakaTedro taZari© saeklesio kalendris redaqcia

Fig. 2 Poti Cathedral© The editorial board of the Church Calendar

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mesame da saboloo magaliTi: pi -riqiTa xevsureTSi mdebare sofelSatilSi ori gza Sedis. erTi zemoTmiuyveba cicabo ferdobs da mTav r -deba movakebul adgilTan, romel-sac adgilobrivebi `zen vake~-suwodeben, meore ki qvemoT gadisqviTkirebTan, romelTa mdgomare-obac dRes erTob savalaloa. rome -li mimarTulebiTac ar unda waxvi -deT, Satilis TavSi, md. arRunis na -pirTan, aucileblad SeniSnavT wya -ros, romelsac Satilis macxovre-blebi `Tengizis wyaros~ uwodeben(ix. sur. 4). Tengizis wyarosTan xisgadaxuruli magida da skamebi dgas.wyaros Tavze dahyurebs TiTqmisyvelasgan miviwyebuli qaCus cixe(ix. sur. 5), sadac, gadmocemis mixe -dviT, pirveli Satilelebi cxovro -bdnen. Tengizis wyaros wyali civiada gemrieli. aq xSirad naxavT tur-istebs, romlebic sauzmoben, ankidev moqeifeTa jgufebs, romle -bic saSinlad anagvianeben wyarosmimdebare teritorias.

sur. 3. foTis sakaTedro taZari (aRniSnulia wiTlad) Google-is satelitur rukazeFig. 3 Poti Cathedral (marked in red) on Google's Satellite Map

sur. 4. Tengizis wyaro, Satili © g. TavaZeFig. 4 Tengizis Tskaro (Spring of Tengizi) in Shatili © G. Tavadze



2012 wlis zafxulSi grigol ro -ba qiZis saxelobis universitetisada amave universitetis filosofi-isa da socialur mecnierebaTakvle vi Ti institutis organizebiTmoewyo samecniero-kvleviTi eqs-pedicia pi riqiTa xevsureTSi, rom-lis xelmZ Rvanelic me gaxldiT.eqspediciis mizani iyo adgilsa daidentobas Soris arsebuli mimar -Tebebis analizi. eqspediciis bazaSatilSi mdebareobda. me da Cemistudentebi xSirad CavdiodiT Ten -gizis wya ro ze, romelic xSiradgvxvdeboda da binZurebuli. erT -xel davasuf Ta veT kidec da wya -rosTan gavakariT dafa qarTul-in -glisuri warweriT: `daicaviT si -su fTave!~ Tengizis wya ro 2013 wliszafxu l Sic movinaxu le, amjeradukve martom. aqa-iq isev eyara plas-tmasis bo Tlebi, Wiqebi da xelsaxo-cebi. Cvens mier gake Te bu li warw-era odnav gaxunebuli iyo. sabed-nierod, kalmebi Tan mqonda da war-werebi isev gavamuqe. Semdeg siamov -

nebiT davlie wyaros civi da gem-rieli wyali da davfiqrdi.Tengizis wyaro adgilia, romel-

ic adamianebs Semoikrebs. aq Sek re -bili adamianebi erTobian, miirT me -ven sakvebs, svamen wyaros civ wyals,usmenen arRunis xmaurs, uyurebengaRma napirze asxletil qaCus ci -xes da fiqroben. SesaZloa, isini xe -vsureTSi nanax-gancdilze fiqro b -dnen, an qaCus cixis macxovrebleb -ze, an sakuTar axloblebze, romle -bic sxva qveynebSi datoves (Tu stu -mrebi turistebi arian), an sulacerTob prozaul da umniSvnelo sa -kiTxebze. amas ara aqvs mniSvneloba.haidegeris terminebiT rom vTqvaT,Tengizis wyaro, rogorc adgili, Se -moikrebs oTxsaxovnebas (das Geviert):miwas, cas, RvTaebrivebs (RmerTs)da mokvdavebs (adamianebs). wyaroSesaZleblobas qmnis oTxsa xovne bi -saTvis da, amave dros, ad gens kidecmas. ase rom, Tengizis wyaro oTx sa -xovnebis saxlad gvevlineba, miuxe-davad imisa, rom iq myof adamianebs,

cxovreba gulisxmobszrunvas da saganTa da n -dobas, maT minebebas sa -kuTari Ta visadmi. Tuadamianebma ar izrunesadgilebze, maSin uadgi -loba da ad gilebis si m -yife (j. malpasis termi -ni) mZlavrad iCens Tavs.

Fig. 5 Fortress of Qachu, Shatili © G. Tavadzesur. 5. qaCus cixe, Satili © g. TavaZe

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SesaZloa, saer Tod ar hqondeT gag-onili haide ge ris saxeli da ar fi q -robdnen filo sofiaze. Tengi ziswyaro adamianis Senebis produ qtia.haidegeris mi xedviT ki, `mxo lodmaSin gveqneba Senebis unari, rode-sac cxovrebas SevZlebT.~ cxovrebagulisxmobs zrunvas da saganTa da -ndobas, maT minebebas sakuTari Ta -visadmi. Tu adamianebma ar izrunesadgilebze, maSin uadgiloba da ad -gilebis simyife (j. malpasis termi-ni) mZlavrad iCens Tavs. Sesaba mis -ad, mxolod ad gi le bze uwyvetizrunviT SevZlebT cxovrebas dasakuTari arsebis ukeT gaazrebas.adgilebze zrunva xsnis axal — ur -TierTzrunvis, az rovnebisa da ur -TierTgagebis — ga nzomilebas. dRes,rodesac globaluri procesebimZlavrad iWre bian Cvens cnobiere -baSi, romelic sanaxevrod kiber si v -rceSia atvir Tuli, rodesac zrun-vis nakleboba da uadgiloba mZla -vrad iCens Tavs, amgvari ganazrebe-bi ise saWiroa, rogorc arasdros.

gamoyenebuli literatura

1.helmut Snaideri, ùtopiuri qala -qis simbolika~, ix.: T. iremaZe, h. Snai -deri, g. xuroSvili, l. zaqaraZe, m. goga -ti Svi li, g. TavaZe, `filosofiuri ur -ba nistika~, Tbilisi: `nekeri~, 2014, gv.14-29.2.Casey, Edward S., Getting Back into

Place: Toward a renewed Understanding ofthe Place-World (Bloomington: IndianaUniversity Press, 1993). 3.Heidegger, Martin, “Bauen Wohnen Den -

ken”, in: Martin Heidegger, Gesamtau s gabe,Bd. 7, Vorträge und Aufsätze (Fra nk furt amMain: Vittorio Klostermann, 2000), S. 145-164.4.Malpas, Jeff, Place and Experience. A

Philosophical Topography (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1999).5.Relph, Edward, Place and Placelessness

(London: Pion, 1976).

The Threat of Placelessness:Places and Their Importance inthe Contemporary WorldGiorgi Tavadze, PhDInstitute of Philosophy and Social SciencesGrigiol Robakidze University

In the epoch of globalization, mobilities, socialnetworks, and information flows places are oftenneglected. Placelessness (E. Relph’s term) or theweakening of the identity of places threatens thevery notion of place itself. The author discussesapproaches of several authors (E. S. Casey, J.Malpas, M. Heidegger, E. Relph, H. Schneider, A.Lorenzer) towards place and space. On the basisof these approaches specific places are discussed:Heroes’ Square in Tbilisi, Poti Cathedral and ten-gizis tskaro (Tengizi’s spring) in Shatili (Georgia).The first example illustrates the effects of place-lessness under the influence of planning, the sec-ond shows the impact of authentic place-makingon individual and collective identities, and the thirdemphasises the gathering nature of place. Onlythrough the continuous care for places canhumans understand better their being.

TbilisigmirTa moedani

Tbilisi, Heroes Square

uadgilobis safrTxe: adgilebi da maTi mniSvneloba ...ngu.edu.ge/files/Staff/uadgilobis safrtxe.pdfTu Teatrebi, Zeglebi, sacxovrebe-li saxlebi. [...] qalaqis forma gav-lenas axdens Tavad

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