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History of Architecture: Milan

Tommy DoddWyatt PearsonSydney PellegrinXavier SeymourAhad Subzwari

A Bit of History

Pre- Middle Ages (400’s BC – 400’s AD)

(400BC) Celtic Insubres (222 BC) Romans conquered this settlement

(293 AD)Milan declared capital of the Western Roman Empire(In red below) by Emperor Diocletian

(313AD)Conversion of empire to Christianity(452AD) Huns Overran the city (476AD) Roman Empire

falls(476-1450) Middle Ages

So what do we have so far?

• The Romans brought a lot of new ideas to architecture– The baked brick – The arch – Structure that spans a space while

supporting weight– The use of cement and concrete (1st/2nd century AD)

Baked brick bath house Arch Cement/Concrete

Architecture of the Middle Ages(476-1450)

Early Middle Ages476-1000- Stagnation

– Depopulation– De-urbanization– Increased barbarian invasion

High Middle Ages:1000-1100’s- Romanesque Architecture implemented

– Establishment of Feudal System– Return of Systematic Agriculture– Sustained Urbanization

1100’s- 1450’s – Gothic Architecture implemented – Advancement in Architectural methods.

Romanesque ArchitectureCharacteristics: Semi-Circular Arches• Often of symmetrical plan• Made from stone (often limestone)• Often had wooden roofs• Thick walls• Very heavy • Very dark

Gothic ArchitectureCharacteristics: Pointed Arches• Light appears to triumph over substance• Flying buttresses • Long, narrow windows• May have Pinnacles

The Renaissance

Renaissance Architecture

• Renaissance began in Milan mid 14th century• Architecture was inspired by new classicism

in architecture and urbanism• There was great Roman influence with the use

of Roman arches and domes• There was an emphasis on form, proportion,

and restraint

Castello Sforzesco

Brunelleschian Influence

• There was increasing Brunelleschian influence in architecture

• Filippo Brunelleschi was a renaissance architect inspired by ancient roman style

• In Milan, others followed his harmonious and geometric style

Cappella Portinari

Ospedale Maggiore

Santa Maria delle Grazie

The Counter Reformation

Baroque to Neoclassical

• During this period in Milan, the baroque style architecture became dominant

• Baroque is characterized by dynamic movement and emotion

• Towards the end of the Counter Reformation, style became more neoclassical

Santa Maria Presso San Celso

Palazzo Brera

Teatro alla Scala

19th Century

Napoleon’s Rule and Neoclassicism

•Napoleon takes over in early 19th century

•Brings in Neoclassicism

•Arch of Peace to mirror Parisian arch

•Centrality of Arch

•Palaces considered best example of Neoclassical architecture in Milan

•Easily defined characteristics

•Prestigious

Napoleon’s City Planning•Sforzesco Castle at city

center

•Radiating design

•New City Center: Church & Commerce

•Expanding beyond medieval boundaries

Fall of Napoleon

•Fall of Napoleonic Empire

•Austrian Control

•Lasting Impact

Industrialization

•Recent Independence and unification (1861)

•Milan Central Train Station built in 1864

•Most industrial city of Italy

•Economic & Cultural Capital

Culture

•Arena built in 1807

•Neoclassical

•Home to many sporting events

•Operas, musicals, and plays given room to evolve and grow in new Teatro La Scala

•Religion very important – The Milan Cathedral “The Duomo”

•Napoleon ordered completion of The Duomo

Evolving Urban Form•Galleria Vittorio Emanuele

•Built in 1865

•Connects Piazza del Duomo to the Piazza della Scala

•Glass Covered

•Shops, restaurants, apartments

Evolving Urban Form

•Mixed-use

•Retains Neoclassical design

•High-volume of pedestrian activity

•Part of urban renewal

•Ancestor of modern shopping mall

•Civic center of Milan

Into the 20th Century & Urban Sprawl

1857 1860

Post-WWII

Post-WWII

• Destruction of Milan• Move away from agriculture economy• Emergence as industrial leader• Appearance of many new buildings• Buildings incorporate modernist design

The Economic Miracle

• Late 1950’s• Turning point for Milan economy• Brought about the switch to industrial commerce

• New infrastructure• Major companies enter and want to emit success

Symbol of Success

International Style

Brutalist Modern

Modern Living

Post Modern Architecture

Post modern

• Styles Clash• View familiar spaces and styles in a new way

• Importance of Aesthetics along with functionality

• Fix the “Failures” of Modernism

Styles Collide

Aesthetics in harmony with functionality

Fiera Milano

•Created in 1922 became the Largest trade fair in Italy.•After rebuilding the building destroyed in World War II becomes commercial meeting point of east and west.•During the economic boom Fiera Milano is major promoter for the Italian industrial boom.•Fiera Milano creates a new exhibition space with 200,000 net square meters of indoor space and 60,000 outdoor.•All of the buildings of Fiera Milano are post modern style and is a major reason why people choose to operate in their space.

History of Architecture: Milan

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