Report No. 538a-MLI U CO V Appraisal of a Livestock Project Mali January 10, 1975 Regional ProjectsDepartment Western Africa Regional Office Not for Public Use Document of the Intemational Bankfor Reconstruction and Development International Development Association This report was prepared tor official useonly by the Bank Group. It may not be published. quoted or cited without BankGrotup authorization The Bank Group does not accept responsibility for the accuracy of completeness of the report. Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
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Report No. 538a-MLI U CO V
Appraisal of aLivestock ProjectMaliJanuary 10, 1975
Regional Projects DepartmentWestern Africa Regional Office
Not for Public Use
Document of the Intemational Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentInternational Development Association
This report was prepared tor official use only by the Bank Group. It may notbe published. quoted or cited without Bank Grotup authorization The Bank Group doesnot accept responsibility for the accuracy of completeness of the report.
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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS
US$ 1 MF 50MF 100 = US$ 0.2222
WEIGHTS AND MEAJURES
1 millimeter (mm) = 0.0394 inches1 meter (m) = 39.37 inches1 kilometer (km) = 0.6215 miles1 hectare (ha) = 2.47 acres1 kilogram (kg) = 2.205 pounds1 ton (t) = 2,205 pounds1 liter (1) = 1.056 liquid quarts
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB : African Development BankBDM : Banaue de Developpement du MaliCFDT : Compagni.e Frangaise Dour le Dgveloppement des
Fibres TextilesFAC : Fonds dtAide et de CooperationFED : Fonds Europeen de DeveloppementIDA : International Development AssociationIEMVT : Institut d'Elevage et de M6decine V6t6rinaire
des Pays TropicauxIER : Institut d'Economie RuraleILCA : International Livestock Center for AfricaILRAD : International Laboratory for Research on Animal
DisensesODEM : Op%6ration de D6velonpement de l'Elevnge de la
16gion de MoptiOPIBEVI : Office Malien du Betail et de la ViandePy : Project YearRMWA : Resident Mission in Western Africa of the World BankSEDES : Socie6t6 d'Etudes pour le D6veloppement Economique et
SocialSOMBEPEC : Societ6 Malienne du Betail et des Peaux et CuirsSONEA : Soci6te Nationale pour 1'Exploitation des AbattoirsUSAID : United States Agency for International Development
FISCAL YEAR
January 1 to December 31
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Table of Contents
Page No.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ........................ i .v
I. INTRODUCTION . . .......... 1
II. BACKGROUND 1...
A. General . .B. The Agricultural Sector. 2C. The Livestock Subsector . . 3D. Deterioration of the Pastoral Resource 6E. Livestock Development Strategy . . 8
III. THE PROJECT AREA . 9
IV. THE PROJECT ........... v..................... 10
A. Summary Description . .10B. Detailed Features . .11
Livestock Extension and Grazing Control 11Animal Health Services . .13Watering Facilities . .14Abattoir and Hide-Drying Facilities 14Livestock Markets . .15
Mopti Trial Station . ...................... 15Personnel Training and FunctionalLiteracy Programs . .16
Preparation of a Second-Phase Project 17
C. Organization and Management . . 17Organization ... *..................... . 17Staffing .................................. 18
D. Accounts and Audit .......................... 19
This report is based on the findings of an appraisal mission, comprisingMessrs. H. Ochs, F.X. Leduc and E. Schertz (IDA), and R. Biscaldi, J. Gallaisand D. Pratt (consultants), which visited Mali in January/February 1974.
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)Page No.
V. COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS ........ 19
A. Project Costs .......................,..... 19B. Financing ...................... 20C. Procurement ...... ................ 21D. Disbursement ....... ............... 21
VI. PRODUCTION, PRICES, MARKETING AND FINANCIAL RESULTS 22
A. Production ...... ................ 22B. Prices ...................... 23C. Markets ...................... 23D. Financial Results ....................... 24
VII. ECONOMIC BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION .... .......... 25
VIII. AGREEMENTS REACRED AND RECOMMENDATION .... ...... 26
ANNEXES
1. The Fifth Region
2. Supply and Demand, Prices, and Taxation for Livestock and Meat
3. ODEM - Headquarters at Mopti-SevareTable 1 - Investment CostsTable 2 - Operating Costs
4. Livestock Extension and Grazing ControlGrazing ControlTable 1 - Investment and Operating CostsTable 2 - 10 Tree-Nurseries: Investment and Operating Costs
5. ODEM - Animal Health ServicesTable 1 - Investment CostsTab.le 2 - Operating Costs
6. Construction of Watering FacilitiesTable 1 - Construction, Renovation and Maintenance
Costs of 50 PondsTable 2 - Construction and Maintenance Costs of 70 WellsChart - Hydrological Units of the 5th Region
7. Mopti Abattoir and Hide-Dryin FacilitiesTable 1 - Past and Projected Slaughter RatesTable 2 - Investment CostsTable 3 - Income and Operating CostsTable 4 - Cash Flow
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)
8. Livestock MarketsTable 1 - Past and Projected ThroughputTable 2 - Investment CostsTable 3 - Income and Operating Costs
9. Mopti Trial StationTable 1 - Investment CostsTable 2 - Operating Costs and Income
10. ODEM - Staff Training Costs
11. Preinvestment Studies and Project Preparation
12. Cattle Herd Development ProjectionsTable 1 - Without the ProjectTable 2 - With the Project
Table 3 - Incremental Beef and Milk Production fromthe Cattle Herd
13. Incremental Meat and Milk Production from Sheep and Goats
14. Terms of Reference of ODEM Senior Staff
15. Summary of Project Costs
16. Project Cost PhasiMy
17. Financing Plan
18. Annual Disbursement of IDA Credit
19. Quarterly Disbursement of IDA Credit
20. ODEM Cash Flow
21. Government Cash Flow
22. Economic Rate of Return Calculation
CHART
Proposed Organization and Management
MAP
Locatiorn of Project Activities
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Background
i. The Government of Mali has requested IDA assistance in financinga livestock project. The location would be the 5th Region, Mali's mostimportant and high potential livestock area (89,000 km , 1.12 millionpeople), which during the 1972/73 drought lost about 25 percent of its 1.7million cattle and 10 percent of its 2.2 million sheep. It would be IDA'sfirst livestock operation in Mali, and the first comprehensive effort inWest Africa to increase range livestock production by pastoralists in theSahelian zone. RMWA identified the project in October 1970, and subsequentlyprepared it supported by PAC-financed SEDES and IEMVT studies and relevantMalian Services. This report is based on the findings of an IDA appraisalmission in January/February 1974.
Project Description
ii. The project would aim at the rational use of land and water inthe 5th Region and would help about 100,000 pastoralist families to rebuildand improve their herds and to protect them against future droughts. Anessential feature of the project would be to develop effective grazingcontrol, which offers the only means of creating and maintaining the con-ditions in which efficient and stable livestock production can be developedon the 5th Region's rangeland.
iii. A combination of incentives, regulation and education is neededto make grazing control effective: regulation without education would meanfriction between pastoralists and authorities; education alone would produceresults too slowly; and neither would have any lasting effect in the absenceof strong incentives. The incentives and measures used would be adapted tothe different areas covered by the project.
iv. In three special areas - one of about 5,000 km2 and the other twoabout 1,000 km2 together - permanent watering facilities would be provided,along with animal health and extension services. Pastoralists in theseareas would have user rights to land and watering facilities which would begranted and safeguarded by the Government. This would provide the pastoral-ists with an incentive to use their land and facilities properly and an oppor-tunity to invest in further developments such as fencing and additional wateringfacilities. To facilitate regulation and control, the project would aim atsetting up pastoralists as legally constituted groups. Other areas amountingto about 10,000 km2 would be provided with seasonal ponds and improved animalhealth services. The location of the ponds would be designed to increase thepasture available at the beginning of the dry season and thereby reduce the
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pressure on the dry season pastures in the Niger Delta. As the areas to beprovided with permanent and seasonal watering facilities only cover aboalt 20%of the 5th Region, and since the methods of introducing grazing control arenew and untried, emphasis would be placed on the preparation of a seconc-phaseproject based on the experience provided by the first.
v. The project would be carried out over the five years 1975-79 Endwould comprise:
(a) introducing livestock extension services and grazing controlin three special development areas;
(b) providing improved animal health services throughout the5th Region;
(c) constructing 70 wells and 50 ponds;
(d) constructing, and managing an abattoir and hide-dryingfacilities at Mopti-Sevare;
(e) constructing and managing five livestock markets;
(f) establishing and managing a 150-ha livestock and pasturetrial station;
(g) providing personnel training and testing a functionalliteracy program for pastoralists; and
(h) preparing a second-phase livestock project.
Project Execution
vi. The Government would establish the Operation de Developpement d!l'Elevage de la Region de Mopti (ODEM), which would be a branch of theMinistry of Production responsible for all livestock development in the 5:hRegion and for the execution of the proposed project. ODEM would have legalauthority to grant user rights to grazing lands and watering facilities aadto prescribe conditions for their use. It would include a planning and r'angemanagement unit, and services for livestock extension, animal health, livi.i-stock marketing and processing. It would employ 12 senior staff and about500 support staff. In the absence of qualified and experienced Malians,expatriates would probably need to be recruited for at least the followinji:Deputy Director, Range Management Officer, Water Development Officer, andPasture Agronomist. They would be replaced after four or five years byMalians who would have been trained witlhin the project and abroad. The prO-ject would also provide for eighteen man-months of consultant services forstudies related to project implementation and preparation of a second-phaseproject.
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Cost Estimates and Financial Arrangements
vii. The project cost for the five-year period, 1975-79, including taxesand duties is estimated at US$17.3 million. Taxes and duties account forabout 14% of project costs before contingencies. It is proposed that an IDACredit of US$13.3 million be made to the Government on standard terms, cover-ing 77% of project costs. The Credit would finance the project's foreignexchange costs (US$9.0 million) and 52% (US$4.3 million) of local currencycost. The remaining 48% (US$4.0 million) of the latter would be met fromGovernment budgetary allocations (US$3.4 million), ODEM's revenues (US$0.4million), and livestock owners (US$0.2 million).
Procurement and Disbursements
viii. Contracts for all items in excess of US$50,000 would be awarded onthe basis of international competitive bidding (ICB) in accordance with IDAguidelines. This would aggregate about US$7.8 million, covering: (a) build-ings and structures, US$3.0 million; (b) installation of 40 wells in theSeno Mango area, US$2.2 million: (c) vaccines, US$0.9 million; (d) vehicles,machinery, and equipment, US$0.8 million; and (e) well construction and main-tenance equipment for the Ministry of Public Works, US$0.9 million, to con-struct 20 wells in the Seno Mango area and 10 wells west of the Delta byforce account. These 30 wells are widely dispersed in remote areas and wouldbe constructed over a three to four-year period. Contracts for all itemsbelow US$50,000 would be awarded on the basis of competitive bidding adver-tised locally and in accordance with local procedures, which are satisfactoryto IDA. Domestically manufactured goods procured for the project would beallowed a 15% price preference (or the level of applicable import duty, whicheveris lower) over foreign goods; and for civil works, domestic contractors wouldbe granted a 7.5% preference over foreign contractors. The services of ex-patriate staff and consultants (US$0.8 million) would be obtained according toprocedures acceptable to IDA. The construction and/or rehabilitation of 50ponds, widely dispersed in remote areas, would be carried out by the RuralEngineering Department by force account, at a cost of US$0.8 million.
ix. The IDA Credit would be disbursed over five years to cover:
(a) 95% of local expenditures for the incremental local staffof ODEM, expenses for staff of the Mopti abattoir for itsfirst year of operation, and local training expenses ofODEM staff -- US$1.3 million;
(b) 100% of foreign expenditures for expatriate personnel,consultant services and training of ODEM's staff abroad --US$950,000;
(c) 75% of total expenditures for civil works (includingpreparatory work) -- US$3.6 million;
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(d) 100% of fcreign or 75% of total expenditures of vehiclesand equipment, and of livestock for the Mopti trial stationUS$450,000; and
(e) 75% of ODEM's operating expenditures during the disbursementperiod excluding expenditures for the Mopti abattoir beyondPY 1 -- US$3.1 million.
US$3.9 million would be unallocated.
Markets
x. The market outlook for meat is very favorable in West Africa.Meat is increasingly scarce due to the recent droughts, rapid population andurbanization growth, and the strength of demand is shown by rapidly risingprices. Since the incremental production of the project at full develolmantwould not exceed about 12 percent of predrought domestic output, it shoulldfind a ready market. The hides and skins can easily be exported, or boughitby the Bamako tannery; the milk would improve the nutrition of about 100,(00pastoralist families and neighboring farmers and any surplus would find aready local market.
xi. Livestock marketing in the country is reasonably efficient, andthe project would improve the marketing facilities in the 5th Region.Slaughtering facilities are adequate, since the Bamako slaughterhouse operatesat only about 50 percent of capacity, and the simple abattoir to be construc-ted under this project: would cover the needs of Mopti, the only large townin the project area. Meat is retailed by an adequate network of butcher shops.
Benefits and Justification
xii. The principal direct benefits from the project would be incremcni:alannual livestock production worth Mf 3.5 billion (US$7.8 million) in 1974terms, yielding net foreign exchange earnings of the order of MF 1.7 billion(US$3.8 million). Some 100,000 pastoral families would increase their aver agecash incomes from livestock production from MF 65,000 (US$144) to MF 100,)O0(US$222), and almost 400 jobs would be created.
xiii. The economic rate of return of the project is estimated at 51%, andis not very sensitive to increased costs or reduced benefits.
xiv. Without the changes that would be introduced under the project,it is likely that the 5th Region would continue to deteriorate as a grazingresource, aLs more and more rangeland would be destroyed by overgrazing ancdegraded by shifting millet and rice cultivation.
xv. Risks. The proposed project is risky because it is difficult toassess: (1) the degree to which pastoralists will respond to the grazingcontrol measures introduced by the project; (2) the degree to which otherpastoralists will be prevented from encroaching on the grazing rights ofparticipating groups; and (3) the frequency and extent of future droughts.
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Should the grazing control measures fail to be effective, the project wouldbe conducive to overgrazing and consequently to the deterioration of range-lands. However, the project would proceed by phases and on the basis of adevelopment plan previously agreed between Government and IDA; each successivephase would be undertaken only on the basis of evidence that the previousphase had been completed successfully. These safeguards would make the pro-ject adaptable to the lessons of experience and would allow the discontinuationof activities which show high probabilities of being economically undesirable.As for the second risk, should participating groups be prevented from cooperat-ing with the project by encroaching pastoralists, sound resource managementwould be impaired and overgrazing would likely result. It can, however, beexpected that the Government would take appropriate measures to protect therights of project participants. Turning to the third risk, the project areamay be affected by two different types of drought: (a) moderate droughtswhich may typically occur every four or five years; and (b) catastrophicdroughts such as the 1972/73 one. Moderate droughts are not expected toaffect substantially the economic viability of the project. In fact, to theextent that the project promotes a proper balance between cattle and land,the project area would be better prepared to withstand such a drought thanotherwise. Historical data show that catastrophic droughts occur every 40to 50 years. Should this pattern hold, the project will have been success-fully implemented and extended throughout the region before the next catas-trophic one occurs. An appropriate balance between cattle and land wouldhave been achieved and the region would be in the best possible position towithstand a serious drought with minimum losses. However, in the unlikelyevent that a catastrophic drought should repeat itself in the near future,it would be very difficult to maintain discipline in the project area and toprevent invasion by outside pastoralists; and as a result the project wouldbe in serious jeopardy. Nevertheless, the potential benefits of the projectare so important relative to this risk that the risk is worth taking.
Recommendat ion
xvi. The project is suitable for an IDA credit of US$13.3 million.
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
I. INTRODUCTION
1.01 The Government of Mali has requested IDA assistance in financinga livestock project, estimated to cost US$17.3 million. The project wouldbe carried out in the country's most important livestock area, the 5th Region,and would help to reconstitute that area's drought-afflicted herd and to pro-tect it against future droughts.
1.02 The project was identified by RMWA in October 1970, and preparedby RMWA supported by FAC-financed SEDES and IEMVT studies and relevant MalianServices. It would be IDA's first livestock operation in Mali; three previousIDA credits have been made for agriculture: (i) the Mopti Rice Project (Credit277-MLI, US$6.9 million) in 1972, which is proceeding satisfactorily; (ii)the Drought Relief Fund Project (Credit 443-MLI, US$2.5 million), approved inNovember 1973, which is proceeding satisfactorily; and (iii) the IntegratedRural Development Project (Credit 491-MLI, US$8 million) which was signedonly in July 1974.
1.03 This report is based on the findings of an appraisal mission, com-prising Messrs. H. Ochs, F.X. Leduc and E. Schertz (IDA), and R. Biscaldi,J. Gallais and D. Pratt (consultants), which visited Mali in January/February1974.
I1. BACKGROUND
A. General
2.01 Mali has an area of about 1.24 million km 2 about 2.5 times the sizeof France, and a population of about 5.2 million. It is landlocked and theclosest seaports are Abidjan and Dakar, both about 1,200 km from Bamako, thecapital. Two-thirds of the country receives less than 400 mm annual rainfalland only one-quarter more than the 550 mm needed to sustain any viable farming.Rainfall fluctuates widely, causing large variations in crop yields and live-stock production. There were serious droughts in 1968/69, 1970/71, 1972/73and 1973/74. The Niger River flows northeast through the country and providesa large irrigation potential that as yet is largely untapped.
2.02 With a per capita GDP of about US$70, Mali is one of the poorestcountries in Africa and one of the world's 25 "least developed" countries.GDP at current prices was estimated at AIT 177 billion (US$393 million) in
1972, having increased by about 5% per year in constant prices since 1)70.Figures for 1973 are not available, but because of the severe drought ldecline of at least 3% is likely. Agriculture and services (including trans-port, trade and Government) each account for about 40% of GDP, and indistryfor the remainder.
2.03 The main potential for development lies in agriculture, the iainstayof the economy. Expansion is impeded, however, both by natural constr6,its --the landlocked location of the country, and the vagaries of the climati -- andby chronic budget and balance of payment deficits. The latter mainly titemfrom previous policies of rapid expansion in industry and the tertiary sector,and the creation of unprofitable state enterprises.
2.04 The present Government, which came into power in 1968) launchaed athree-year "Rehabilitation Plan 1970-72" aimed at balancing the budget itdexternal trade through developing the productive sectors of the economy.Although some improvements have been made in the performance of state eater-prises, and in removing restrictions on private trade, the basic ob4ectLvesof the Plan have not been achieved. The main difficulties have been ha~,typroject preparation, lack of finance and technical know-how, and the repseateddroughts. Of the MF 116 billion (US$257.8 million) proposed investmenti,only about half have been made. In the livestock subsector the situatit,n iseven worse with only 20% of the investment target being met. The balan::e ofpayments deficit on current account, after declining from MF 12 billion (US$26.,'million) in 1968 to less than MF 4 billion (US$8.9 million) in 1970, in(:reasedto over MF 6 billion (US$13.3 million) in 1972 and to almost MF 8 billic;n(US$17.8) in 1973. Budgetary deficits increased from MF 2.2 billion (UlS$4.9million) in 1970 to over MF 6 billion (US$13.3 million) in 1973. The Gclvern-ment is aware of the need to improve the situation and the forthcoming Ltve-Year Plan, now being prepared, will continue to give priority to productiveinvestmenit.
B. The Agricultural Sector
2.05 Agriculture accounts for virtually all exports and provides thelivelihood of 85% of t:he population. Since 1969, it has accounted for 4 % ofGDP. In 1972, the value of agricultural output amounted to MF 75.5 bill:ox:(US$167.8 million), of which farming accounted for 49%; livestock, 40%; ̀ iah-eries, 5%; and forestry, 6%. In 1973 it fell by about 20% due to the drought.
2.06 Farming is carried out on some 500,000 farms of 2-5 ha, mostly at:the subsistence level. Sorghum and millet are the most important cereals,followed by rice and maize; cassava, yams, sweet potatoes and vegetables irealso grown in the higher rainfall areas of the south or under traditionalirrigation. Production of seed cotton, one of the two most impcrtant casicrops,i rose steeply between 1967 and 1971, from 39,000 tons to 74,000 toni,while that of the other, grounduuts, increased from 119,000 tons to 152,0 1c
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tons of shelled nuts. These increases reflect Government investment andsupport, as well as favorable world markets. In contrast, the Governmenthas done little to stimulate food crop production and its policy of holdingofficially controlled producer prices at very low levels has been counter-productive; consequently production of millet and sorghum declined steadily,cereals have been in short supply, and the need for imports has increased, asituation that has been exacerbated by the drought. The Government is nowanxious to increase food production,and plans to attain self-sufficiency incereals by 1978/79. This requires increasing production of millet, sorghum,and maize by 200,000 tons, and paddy rice by 100,000 tons per year. Inthis connection, the Government agreed during negotiations of IDA's IntegratedRural Development Project to fix, no later than September 1974, producerprices for millet and sorghum at no less than IF 25 per kg, which at prevail-ing prices would have made them more competitive with the cash crops; and tocarry out a study on the producer prices and marketing arrangements of milletand sorghum. In line with this agreement, the Government increased the con-trolled producer prices for millet and sorghum from MF 20 to NF 32 in June 1974,and those for paddy rice from MF 25 to MF 40. Although the producer prices offoodcrops were increased in absolute terms, relatively there have been nosubstantial changes vis-a-vis prices of cotton and groundnuts which were alsoincreased in June 1974. However, by end 1975, the Government and IDA willreview the study's findings.
2.07 Fishing is the principal source of livelihood for about 30,000families in the Central Delta of the Niger. About 10,000 tons of dried orsmoked fish are exported to neighboring countries each year.
2.08 Forestry produces shea butter nuts, a cocoa substitute, with anannual value estimated at about MF 2.0 billion (US$4.4 million), firewoodand building poles.
C. The Livestock Subsector
Numbers, Output and Exports
2.09 Until the drought started to cause major losses in 1972, livestocknumbers had more than doubled in the past 25 years; and for cattle, from1960-1970, the annual rate of increase was almost 6%. In 1970, the livestockpopulation included 5.4 million cattle and about 11 million sheep and goats.Losses during the 1972/73 drought, the worst in 50 years, were most seriousin the cattle population and about 15-20% of the country's herd was lost.
2.10 Livestock's share of GDP declined from 20% in 1969 to 17% in 1972,mainly due to the repeated droughts, and almost certainly declined furtherin 1973. In 1970, total meat and offal production was estimated at 146,000tons, including 84,000 tons from cattle. Milk production for human consumption-- from cattle, sheep, goats and camels--was estimated at 360 million liters.
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2.11 From 1960 to 1972, livestock exports more than doubled and reacheda yearly level of 220,000 live cattle and 210,000 sheep and goats, or about30% of annual livestock production and 40% of all exports. The main custom-ers are Ivory Coast and Ghana, though exports to the latter have decreasecconsiderably due to import and currency restrictions. Carcass meat expor.tshave been insignificant, 500-1,000 tons per year, and are mainly air freightedto Liberia and Libya.
The Traditional Producer
2.12 About 40% of Mali's cattle are raised by Peuhls, 30% by Touaregsand Bellas and 10% by Maures; these mainly semi-nomadic pastoral groups com-prise only about 10% of Mali's population. The remaining 20% of the cattleare raised by Bambara, Malay, and Dogon farmers. Only about 250,000 purenomads are left in Mali; even the Touaregs and Maures, the most dedicated tonomadism, are reported to be settling. Transhumance remains the predominant:production system. Except for calves and milking animals, which remain atthe homestead, cattle go northwards during the rainy season to feed on wetseason pastures and either southwards or to the Niger delta, the "bourgou",during the dry season wlhere they feed on the natural pastures supported bythe receding Niger flood, and crop residues. Herds typically comprise 50-80cattle and 10-30 sheep and goats owned by family groups consisting of 2-3families each averaging 6 family members. Sheep and goats are kept in smallflocks around villages and usually do not follow the cattle on transhumance.
Productivity
2.13 The annual milk and meat production of a typical herd is estimatedat 15% (US$900) of the herd value (US$6,000) of an average herd. About haLfof this production (valued at US$450) is consumed by the family group, aboutone-third (US$300) is scild and the balance (about US$150) represents theincrease in the value of the herd. At market prices this production repretzeatsa per family cash income from livestock production in the range of US$100-15)a year, which, including the value of subsistence consumption of animal anmiagricultural products and miscellaneous activities, is roughly equal to thenational average per capita income of about US$70. Livestock productivityis low due to poor nutrition, and weight losses of 20-30% during the dryseason are normal. Liveweight gains average only 30-50 kg per animal annuailLycompared to 150-200 kg in Europe and North America. The calving rate is lcowat around 60%, and mortality rates are high -- about 20% for female and 40a;for male calves, and 5% for adults. The normal herd offtake is thereforeonly 9-10%; and average carcass weights are only 125-150 kg, or less thanhalf those in Europe and North America.
Animal Health
2.14 Rinderpest, once Mali's most serious animal disease, is now undercontrol as a consequence of an immunization campaign financed by FED and USAIDin 1964-1969. This campaign was the main reason for the rapid growth of the
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national herd until 1972. Mali has made great efforts to combat the otherprincipal diseases (para 4.12), although mortality rates from disease remainhigh because the Livestock Service (para 2.17) has inadequate operating fundsto sustain its prophylactic activities.
Marketing
2.15 Livestock and meat marketing is carried out by a large number ofestablished private traders and butchers, and by SOMBEPEC (para 2.19). Tradinggenerally takes place once a week at simple primary and secondary livestockmarkets. Animals are sold on appearance and are not weighed; sales usuallyare for cash; most animals are trekked to markets on the hoof over well-established stock routes, but transport by truck to final processing centersis increasing and transport by boat from Mopti to Bamako (Koulikoro) isbeing developed.
Taxation
2.16 Livestock taxes normally constitute 8-10% of public revenue. Thehead tax of MF 400 for cattle was suspended in 1972, however, because of thedrought, and the revenues so lost have been replaced by offsetting FED grantsin 1973 and 1974. Cattle export taxes amount to about MF 5,000 per head andslaughter taxes are usually MF 300 per head. Although these taxes are veryunpopular, and probably less than half are actually collected, they are theonly proven way of raising revenue from livestock. The Bank Group is financ-ing studies in Chad and Nigeria to see whether more effective taxation can bedevised, possibly through passing taxes further down the marketing chain.Similar work would be carried out in Mali under this project (Annex 11).
Institutions
2.17 The Livestock Service has six regional departments organized into42 sectors. The Service is relatively well staffed for its present commitmentswith 40 veterinarians, 26 livestock officers, 150 assistant livestock officers,300 animal health assistants and 110 inoculators. It is responsible for(i) free vaccinations; (ii) supervision of abattoirs, cattle markets andbutcher shops; (iii) production of vaccines; and (iv) supervision of theBamako dairy plant. The Service is oriented towards the veterinary medicalaspects of livestock and, so far, has been only little involved in assistingpastoralists to improve their husbandry, for example through better nutritionand pasture management. Lack of funds has limited the Service's activitiessince the end of the antirinderpest campaign in 1969, but recently the Servicehas been strengthened, at least temporarily, by international drought reliefprograms, which have provided vehicles and other facilities, and in some casesoperating expenses.
2.18 OMBEVI (Office Malien du Betail et de la Viande), assisted by afive-man FAO team, collects marketing statistics and advises Government onmeat marketing. It is working on recommendations covering domestic retailmeat prices and improved marketing (para 6.04).
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2.19 SOMBEPEC (Societe Malienne du Betail et des Peaux et Cuirs) aState enterprise, has a monopoly of exports of carcass meat (para 2.1:),hides and skins, and also manages the Bamako abattoir. SOMBEPEC hasserious financial and management problems, and finds it difficult tocompete with private entrepreneurs for its supplies. The Government isaware of this and intends to reorganize SOMBEPEC this year.
2.20 IER (Institut d'Economie Rurale) is responsible for training eLndresearch. Training is concentrated on Animal Health Assistants (35 pe. year),Livestock Officers (30-40 per year) and Veterinarians (8-10 per year, abroad).In addition, there is a four-month practical course for Animal Health Assis-tants in animal husbandry at the Sotuba Livestock Research Center. The train-ing programs are of a high standard, and the output of trained personnel issufficient for the country's requirements.
2.21 Livestock research is carried out at the Sotuba and Niono stations,which are located near Bamako and in the 4th Region respectively. Prorisingresults have been obtained in cattle fattening; and in milk production w:thJersey x local cattle crossbreeds, although these results have not yet beentaken up by private farmers and pastoralists due to limited extension anldcredit facilities.
Livestock Development: Projects
2.22 Several aid agencies are assisting Mali in developing its livestockindustry. USAID is providing about MF 2 billion for a veterinary laboratorynear Bamako, and is starting a MF 1.7 billion cattle fattening program -.nvolv-ing feedlots, smallholders, and butchers/cattle dealers between Bamako andSegou. FED is beginning a MF 1.4 billion project for selecting and distri.-buting N'Dama cattle in tsetse infested areas and intends to finance afattening ranch at Niono in Mali's 4th Region. It is also providing MF 12lbillion for improving livestock water supplies, MF 300 million for vaccitiesand MF 50 million for mineral licks.
D. Deterioration of the Pastoral Resource
2.23 The principal problem facing the development of Mali's livestockindustry, and especially the traditional industry of the Sahelian zone, isthe progressive degradation of pastures, which in the northern areas is result-ing in the advance of desertic conditions. The recent drought years haveaccelerated this condition which results from overstocking and overgrazin;,of cattle. Overstocking is a consequence of a number of interdependent aAidmutually reinforcing factors that together have resulted in too many anim,alsbeing dependent upon a diminishing pasture resource.
2.24 This situation arose because existing economic circumstances mai.emaximizing herd size the most rational production objective of the averagepastoralist. These economic circumstances are:
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(a) Pastoralists have no legal rights to the use of grazing land,which is state-owned and used communally; consequently eachlivestock owner grazes as many cattle as he can in an attemptto maximize his share of the common resource.
(b) In the absence of banking facilities and any other investmentopportunities, cattle provide the only means of accumulatingwealth.
(c) Milk is an important component in the pastoral family's dietand its sale is usually the only source of regular cash income.Consequently, the proportion of cows is deliberately kept high,which permits the herd to expand rapidly when grazing cond,itionsare favorable.
(d) Large cattle numbers are an insurance against the risks oflosses from drought and disease.
2.25 Additionally, external intervention has further decreased the ratio.of grazing land to animals because:
(a) Livestock projects have concentrated on providing improvedanimal health care and watering facilities, and neglected theneed for control to ensure a balance between animal numbersand the carrying capacity of pastures. They have led to arapid increase in livestock numbers and serious overgrazing.
(b) Due to population pressure more and more farmers have movedinto traditional pasture lands and started to cultivate there.
(c) Increasing numbers of cattle have moved in from Upper Voltaand Mauritania, from the former because of the populationpressures described in (b) and from the latter because ofdeteriorating pasture conditions.
2.26 Finally, until recently, cattle movements and the duration ofgrazing in each area have been governed by strict traditional rules. Tradi-tional authority is now breaking down and there has been little if any effortto identify an alternative.
2.27 If one of Mali's principal resources is to be preserved, and ifthe impact of future droughts is to be minimized, livestock numbers must beregulated. The range must never be grazed so hard that it deteriorates andfails to regenerate sufficiently quickly to prevent permanent damage.
E. Livestock Development Strategy
2.28 An international emergency effort has been mounted in an atterptto relieve some of the effects of the drought on the livestock industryMostly this is in the form of financing small, short-term projects with quitelimited objectives. While these projects, among which is the IDA finani:-edDrought Relief Fund E'roject (para 1.02), are aimed at helping people in taedrought affected areas to reestablish their self-sufficiency, there is Lfn
urgent need for longer term projects aimed at a more rational land and pastureuse in the Sahelian zone, and at the development of more efficient beef andmilk production in other parts of the country.
2.29 The objectives of Government's livestock development strategy areto increase the productivity of livestock resources and to expand the volumeof livestock exports, principally, through:
(a) helping nomads and semi-nomads make the best use of pasture land;
(b) opening up rnew grazing areas; and
(c) helping farmers in higher rainfall areas take up beef and milkproduction.
2.30 Achievement of the first objective requires an integrated approachsuch as would be implemented under the proposed project.
2.31 In the case of the second objective, Mali still has large areas cfunderutilized rangeland that could be more efficiently used through providlingbetter watering facililties. A benefit of this approach would be to relietrepressure on the present grazing areas. An important water development pro-gram in the 5th Region is included in the proposed project. The Governmertalso plans to combat trypanosomiasis in large areas south of latitude 130north, and has already started to study the methods to be applied.
2.32 In pursuit of the third object, much is already being done to helpfarmers take up livestock production. Modern techniques are being tested arddemonstrated at two research stations, a FED-financed ranch, and in the "Officedu Niger" irrigation scheme. A USAID scheme is to provide training, extent-ion,and credit for cattle fattening by farmers. To make cattle fattening moreattractive and to help rebuild the national herd, Government has prohibite:1exports of agroindustrial by-products, such as groundnut and cotton seed cELke,and fixed their retail prices well below border prices. Feeder steer markit-ing to serve fattening schemes would be developed under the proposed proje:t.Finally, as the area around Bamako is suitable for milk production, the Go';ern-ment intends to start a smallholder dairy scheme there which will includeartificial insemination, pasture improvement, and fodder growing.
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III. THE PROJECT AREA
3.01 The project would cover the 5th Region (Annex 1; Map), which consti-tutes the most important and high potential livestock area in Mali, and pro-vides an excellent testing ground for the range management methods providedby the project. The area is about 89,000 km2 and has a population of about1.12 million people. Annual rainfall increases from about 300 mm in thenorth to 700 mm in the south and occurs from June through September; a dryand cooler period follows through February, and a dry and hot season fromMarch through June. The main ecological feature is the 38,300 km2 CentralDelta of the Niger River, which divides the Region into two parts. The Nigerand its tributaries overflow every year in August/September, reach maximumflood in October/November, and then recede, with the lowest flow in June/July.
3.02 There are two main pastoral groups: the Peuhl, who make up 36% ofthe total population but own 80% of the livestock, and who depend on the"bourgou" for dry season grazing; and the Touaregs, about 5% of the 5th Region'spopulation, who frequent the northeastern part of the 5th Region and thegrazing areas of the northern lakes. The remaining 60% of the total populationare mostly Marka, Dogon and Bambara cultivators. The regional capital, Mopti,has about 35,000 inhabitants, almost double its population of a decade ago.It is the commercial center for fish exports to the south and for rice andmillet marketing.
3.03 In 1972, the 5th Region had about 30% of Mali's cattle (1.7 million)and 20% of the sheep and goats (2.3 million). As a result of the 1972/73drought, about 25% of the cattle were lost, and 10% of the sheep. All cattleare Zebus and trypanosomiasis is not a problem. During the hot period of thedry season, most of them graze on the rich pastures of the Delta; in June,with the first rainfall and the beginning of flooding, they move on and untilNovember graze on the ample Sahelian pastures in Mauritania, in the Memaregion in the north-west, and in the Seno/Gandamia and Gourma areas in theeast. In November, cattle return to the borders of the inundated Delta and,as the water recedes, they spread into the Delta itself.
3.04 The ratio of grazing land to animals has steadily decreased over thepast decade as the cattle population has doubled and, as a consequence, pasturesare being depleted. In addition to the build-up of local herds, there has alsobeen an influx of about 300,000 cattle from surrounding regions that have beenmore severely affected by the drought. At the same time, both pasture areaand quality have diminished, due principally to the repeated droughts and theencroachment of farmers on traditional grazing areas.
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IV. THE PROJECT
A. Summary Description
4.01 The project would aim at the rational use of land and water in the5th Region and would help about 100,000 pastoralist families to rebuild a.dimprove their herds and to protect them against future droughts. An essentialfeature of the project: would be to develop effective grazing control, wh:.choffers the only means of creating and maintaining the conditions in whicnsefficient and stable livestock production can be developed on the 5th Region'srangeland.
4.02 A combination of incentives, regulation and education is needec. tomake grazing control effective: regulation without education would meanfriction between pastoralists and authorities; education alone would produiueresults too slowly; and neither would have any lasting effect in the absenceof strong incentives. The incentives and measures used would be adapted tothe different areas covered by the project.
4.03 In three special areas - one of about 5,000 km and the other twoabout 1,000 km2 together - permanent watering facilities would be provided,along with animal health and extension services. Pastoralists in these areaswould have user rights to land and watering facilities which would be grantedand safeguarded by the Government on condition that the land and facilitieswere properly used and that grazing was controlled. This would provide thepastoralists with an incentive to use their land and facilities properly .mdan opportunity to invest in further developments such as fencing, additiol,alwatering facilities, et.c. To facilitate regulation and control, the projcctwould aim at setting up pastoralists as legally constituted groups. Othel:areas amounting to abou.t 10,000 km2 would be provided with seasonal pondsand improved animal health services. The location of the ponds would bedesigned to increase the pasture available at the beginning of the dry seasonand thereby reduce the pressure on the dry season pastures in the NigerDelta. As the areas to be provided with permanent and seasonal wateringfacilities only cover about 20% of the 5th Region, and since the methods oEintroducing grazing control are new and untried, emphasis would be placed t)r
the preparation of a second-phase project based on the experience providedby the first.
4.04 The project would be carried out over the five years 1975-79 andwould comprise:
(a) introducing livestock extension services and grazingcontrol in three special development areas;
(b) providing improved animal health services throughoutthe 5th Region;
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(c) constructing 70 wells and 50 ponds;
(d) constructing and managing an abattoir and hide-dryingfacilities at Mopti-Sevare;
(e) constructing and managing five livestock markets;
(f) establishing and managing a 150-ha livestock and pasturetrial station;
(g) providing personnel training and testing a functionalliteracy program for pastoralists; and
(h) preparing a second-phase livestock project.
4.05 At present, the sole Government agency concerned with livestock inthe 5th Region is the Regional Livestock Service of the Ministry of Produc-tion, which only provides veterinary service. The implementation of theproposed project, however, would require placing a number of diverse programsunder unified control. For this purpose, the Government would establishthe Operation de Developpement de l'Elevage de la Region de Mopti (ODEM),under the Ministry of Production, to carry out the project.
B. Detailed Features
Livestock Extension and Grazing Control
4.06 The Pastoral Service, which would be one of the arms of ODEM, wouldprovide livestock extension services and be responsible for introducing graz-ing control (Annex 4) in the 5th Region. The difficulties in introducingefficient grazing control on a large scale should not be underestimated, dueto the Region's harsh environment, remoteness and poor infrastructure. Notthe least of the problems will be that the pastoralists will be suspiciousof Government interference and skeptical of the benefits to them. On theother hand, they have been seriously afflicted by the recent droughts andshould now be more receptive than ever before to innovations, particularlywhen, as under the project, a number of incentives to adopt these innovationswould be presented.
4.07 As a first step, the Pastoral Service would develop its activitiesin the three areas scheduled for well development, which cover about 7% ofthe 5th Region (para 4.17). The initial task of the Pastoral Service wouldbe to elaborate the decree Government would use as the instrument of establish-ing groups of pastoralists and providing these with user rights for grazinglands and watering facilities. The groups so constituted would consist ofsedentary or semi-nomadic village associations each with 10 - 50 families of6 persons on average and a total of 200 to 1,000 cattle per group. Each groupwould receive the exclusive user rights over 2,000 to 10,000 ha -- about 10ha per head of cattle -- and related watering facilities. During negotiations,
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assurances were obtained that the Government would issue a decree, sai:is-factory to IDA, giving ODEM the authority to: (a) grant user rights :ograzing land and watering facilities in the 5th Region; and (b) issue andenforce grazing control regulations.
4.08 The user rights to grazing land would be granted to pastora:-i3tgroups contingent upon their agreeing to follow sound range and cattlt. mana-gement practices prescribed by, and under the supervision of, ODEM. "has,they would be expected to agree, inter alia, to avoid over-grazing throlighrotational grazing and the limiting of stock numbers; adopt more raticnalbreeding policies; apply the animal health measures recommended by ODIM;maintain their watering points; control bushfires; plant, water and pro:ectfodder tree/shrub saplings and participate in functional literacy programs.These management practices would constitute the key medium to achieve arational utilization of rangelands in the project area. In the light of thepresently favorable attitudes of pastoralists to adopt innovations (para 4.06),it is believed that the opportunity to obtain exclusive grazing rights wouldconstitute strong incentives to follow ODEM's advice. This belief is sub-stantiated by the response of pastoralists in East Africa to similar oppor-tunities, and by aslpirations expressed in Mali by pastoralists to the ap-praisal mission and Malian officials. While these incentives would favor theobjectives of the project, it would be unwise to rely solely upon them (para4.02). Therefore ODEM would need to have the power and means of enforcingcompliance to the management covenants. On these matters, ODEM would actthrough the Governor of the 5th Region who, on the advice of ODEM, would firstwarn participants whlo fail to cooperate that they may lose their grazing right.Subsequent and persistent failure would then lead to the imposition of finesand, ultimately, to the cancellation of the grazing right, and another groupwould be invited to replace the offending group. The Governor of the ..ithRegion would also be responsible for preventing the encroachment of otherpastoralists on the grazing land vested in a participating group; to t].ateffect, the Governor would take appropriate action on the advice of ODIM.During negotiations, the Government indicated that the Governor of the 5thRegion would take appropriate action, on the advice of ODEM, to enforce: 'heagreements arrived at between pastoralist groups and ODEM. Under presen:circumstances, it is believed that the proposed arrangements would be su:.fi-cient to obtain the adequate cooperation of pastoralists. Indeed, it i.s ex-pected that, after four to five years of implementation of the program, wihenpastoralists should feel that their rights are secure, it should be poss:.bleto require them to pay grazing fees (para 6.10). The ultimate goal of theprogram would be to create the environment in which the groups would be pre-pared to invest their own labor and money in additional land developmentEssuch as fencing and watering facilities.
4.09 Since fires destroy up to half of the Seno Mango rangeland an:itally,the Pastoral Service would introduce fire-control measures in that area, Asa trial, two units, leach consisting of a vehicle, a water tank sprayer, andauxiliary equipment, would be purchased in PY 3. In addition, the Past:)ralService, through education and example, would enlist the help of the lo::alpopulation in fire control.
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4.10 In order to combat desertification and to provide supplementaryfeed, the Pastoral Service would promote the planting of fodder trees andshrubs (Annex 4, Table 2), making use of the transport provided for fire-control. Saplings would be provided free of charge and, to begin with, wouldbe planted around villages, thus serving not only as feed but also as wind-breaks and for firewood, which would be very much appreciated by the villagers.These locations near villages would, at the same time, facilitate the protec-tion and watering of the saplings. In this connection, ODEM would maintainclose liaison with the Water and Forest Service, and the project would assistthe latter to rehabilitate eight tree nurseries and to establish two new ones.
4.11 Over the project period, the Pastoral Service would recruit a Headof Service, four Extension Officers, 11 Assistant Extension Officers, 24 Exten-sien Assistants and 25 other staff. There should be no difficulty in recruit-ing the staff required. In PY 1, two extension posts and six outposts wouldbe built; and two further posts and two outposts would be built in PY 3 (Map).Vehicles would be provided, and horses for some outposts (Annex 4, Table 1).
Animal Health Services
4.12 Provision would be made for a five-year Region-wide vaccinationcampaign against rinderpest, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), anthrax,blackleg and bovine/ovine haemorrhagic septicaemia (Annex 5). In the specialdevelopment areas (para 4.07), drugs, insecticides and mineral blocks wouldalso be made available. To act as an incentive for their use and to inducepastoralists to participate in the pasture control programs, all these serviceswould be provided free of charge during PY 1 and 2; subsequently, and toguard against the danger of epidemics, only vaccination against rinderpestand CBPP would be provided free. The collection of charges for the otherservices is likely to be difficult, but is desirable in order to decreaseGovernment's recurrent costs. During negotiations, assurances were obtainedfrom the Government that it would entrust ODEM with the collection of chargesfor animal health services and would ensure control of the major infectiousdiseases after December 31, 1979.
4.13 Staff of the Livestock Service operating in the 5th Region, whowould be transferred to ODEM, would be strengthened by an additional 60 per-sons bringing the total to about 200. Staff schedules are in Annex 5. Newstaff would range from veterinarians, through livestock assistants, to skilledand unskilled workers. This increase can be met from the output of presenttraining programs.
4.14 The infrastructure and equipment of the Regional Livestock Servicewould also be transferred to ODEM, and would be supplemented under the projectby three veterinary posts, 10 vaccination yards and five cattle dips (Map);needed transport, veterinary and laboratory equipment also would be provided.During negotiations assurances were obtained from the Government that it wouldtransfer to ODEM no later than one month after the Effective Date of the Creditthe staff and facilities from its Livestock Service within its Fifth Region.
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Watering Facilities
4.15 Fifty ponds would be constructed or rehabilitated in the lowerrainfall zones of wet season grazing areas to the east and west of the NigerDelta (Annex 6; Map). These would encourage herdsmen to delay their retu:nto the dry-season grazing areas of the Delta, thereby reducing both over-crowding at the borders of the Delta and friction between farmers and her.:[smenby preventing crop damage and enabling farmers to harvest their rice at fgillmaturity. Moreover, as these ponds would dry up during the first half of eachdry season, the danger of overgrazing around them would be minimized. Th,.ponds would only be located where sufficient grazing was available for adc'.itionallivestock. The siting of new ponds would be agreed between the Government. andIDA (para 4.17), on the basis of criteria given in Annex 6.
4.16 The ponds would be constructed and maintained by the Rural Engir.eer-ing Department, of the Ministry of Production, with heavy equipment and stpar-visory staff financed by the African Development Bank. Pond maintenance costsare high, as every 5th year or so about 1,000 m3 of earth must be excavatedfrom each pond; funds for pond maintenance in PY 5 are included in project:costs.
4.17 Seventy wells would be provided in the areas with higher rainfall(Annex 6; Map). Ten of these would be west of the Delta, to guarantee watersupplies along traditional cattle routes; and 60 in the Seno Mango, a distinctsocioeconomic unit of nearly 500,000 ha of good rangeland which, at present,is only very lightly grazed, due to lack of watering facilities. The locationof the wells and the timing of their construction would be carefully plannec.and controlled. During negotiations assurance was obtained that the firstseason's well construction program, and the entire pond construction pro-gram would be preceded by a plan of action acceptable to IDA, and that theGovernment shall cause O)DEM not to proceed with the second and third seasoni'swell construction programs until the Government, IDA and ODEM shall have re-viewed the results of grazing control around the wells constructed during L:hepreceding well construct:ion season(s).
4.18 Forty wells would be built by contractors for which ODEM, in col:lai-oration with the Hydraulic Service of the Ministry of Public Works would pire-pare the bidding documents; and 30 wells would be built on force account bl;the Hydraulic Service with equipment financed under the project.
4.19 During negotiations, assurances were obtained from the Government;that it would cause all project financed ponds and wells to be maintainedproperly.
Abattoir and Hide-Drying Facilities
4.20 The project would provide for the construction and operation byODEM of a simple municipal abattoir and hide-drying facilities to replacethe existing two primitive abattoirs of Mopti and Sevare (Annex 7). The
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replacement of the Mopti abattoir is particularly desirable as it pollutes
the large stagnant lagoon of this town. The new facilities would be 15 km from
Mopti and about 1 km south of Sevare, the nearest site not flooded during the
rainy season; they would be on the all-weather Mopti-Bamako highway, and only
1 km from Mopti airport. The abattoir would meet modern standards of hygiene
and would be able to slaughter 48 cattle and 100 sheep and goats per day. The
hide-drying facility would have sufficient capacity to dry the daily outputof hides and skins from the abattoir. Animals would be slaughtered by
abattoir employees and carcasses and edible by-products would be delivered bythe abattoir to butcher shops. Slaughter fees of about MF 2,000 per head of
cattle and MF 350 per smallstock would be charged to make the facilitiesfinancially self supporting. These fees are about five times higher thanthe current slaughter taxes, and represent 5-10% of the value of the animals;
but they would be acceptable to the butchers because they are anxious to reduce
the significant losses arising from the present inadequate facilities.
4.21 ODEM would employ consultants to prepare detailed plans and
tender documents for the facilities. An assurance was obtained duringnegotiations that the consultants and their terms of reference and conditionsof employment would be acceptable to IDA. Construction would begin at theend of PY 1, be completed by the end of PY 2, and be supervised by the RuralEngineering Department. During negotiations, assurances were obtained from
the Government that: (i) no slaughter would be licensed within the Mopti-Sevaremunicipality except at the abattoir to be constructed under the project;(ii) ODaM would be allowed to levy economic slaughter fees in this abatto4r;
and (iii) the municipality would renounce the slaughter taxes presently levied.
Livestock Markets
4.22 There are no properly equipped and organized livestock markets inthe 5th Region. Improvements are needed in order to develop competitivetrading, encourage pastoralists to sell surplus cattle and, at the same time,provide an incentive for settlement in the area. ODEM would, therefore,construct and operate five livestock markets. Details of these markets arein Annex 8 and their location is shown on the attached map. Each marketwould operate one day a week and their capacity would range from 400 - 800head of cattle and from 1,000 - 1,200 head of smallstock. Market fees,
MF 150 per cattle and MF 50 per-smallstock, would guarantee the financial
independence of these markets. Cattle owners would be willing to pay thesefees in return for access to both physical facilities such as watered paddocks,and to more competitive buyers from which a better price could be expected.The Rural Engineering Department would prepare the plans for the simplefacilities required, and would supervise their construction.
Mopti Trial Station
4.23 As current research and trial programs on livestock production inboth Mali and elsewhere in West Africa are largely irrelevant to the uniqueproblems of the Niger Delta and other seasonally inundated areas in West
Africa, a 150-ha trial station for fodder and livestock studies (Annex 9)would be established 8 km north of Mopti to: (a) determine methods to
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protect, regenerate and improve the productivity of the pastures of theCentral Delta, (b) establish the economics of different fattening techn>.ques,and (c) develop methods for the control of parasites and insects. Techiiiquesworked out in the station would be tested in two nearby villages. The :tationwould be operated by ODEM in close coordination with IER (Institut d'Ec4:,nomieRural) and would also have the possibility of calling on ILCA and ILRAD asneeded.
4.24 Dike construction and preparation of 50 ha for irrigation andsimulated flooding regimes at the station, financed under IDA's DroughtRelief Fund Project, already have been carried out. The proposed projectwould finance buildings and construction, equipment and livestock, andrunning costs of the station over the five-year disbursement period. ThaRural Engineering Department would elaborate plans and tender documents Ec,rthe station and would supervise the construction works. During negotiat:Lcns,assurances were obtained that the plans and specifications for the establish-ment of the station and its annual work program for the five-year disbursementperiod would be acceptable to IDA.
Personnel Training and Functional Literac_ Programs
4.25 Although training in livestock production in Mali is of a highstandard and can meet the recruitment needs of the project, some additionalspecialized training would be needed for ODEM's medium and lower gradetechnical staff, particularly in extension methods and range management.The project would finance four-month courses in these subjects -- for 30participants in PY 1 a:nd PY 2 and for 20 participants in PY 3, PY 4 and P' 5-- using existing facilities of the National Livestock Research Center atSotuba (Annex 10). There would also be: (a) a 2-3 day seminar for allproject staff in Mopti once a year at which the project's progress andfuture work programs would be reviewed: (b) six two-month fellowships forsenior ODEM staff to vi.sit livestock projects in other parts of Africa; an.d(c) four man-years of overseas training, mainly in development planning ardmanagement, for four Marlian graduates.
4.26 To reinforce the impact of the training programs under the projec:,functional literacy would be organized under arrangements similar to thosein the Integrated Rural Development Project (Credit 491-MLI). The PastoralService would, with the aid of the National Functional Literacy Center,design, develoo and evaluate a functional literacy program for pastoralisti;which would be the first of its kind in West Africa. To this end, thePastoral Service would identify and set up approximately twenty functionalliteracy groups which would be instructed by specially trained cattle ownersselected by the Service., using materials developed in the local language,Peuhl. At the end of the course, the participants' comDrehension and appl:.ca-tion of the new procedures introduced by the Pastoral Service would be assi-ssedand compared with those of a control group of illiterate pastoralists in theProject. The cost of a specialist in functional literacy has been includecin the budget of ODEM tcgether with other costs pertaining to the design ariddevelopment of materials and the initial operation of the functional literacir
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groups. During negotiations, assurances were obtained from the Governmentthat it would cause the National Functional Literacy Service to make avail-able, no later than one year after the Effective Date of the Credit, to ODEMan experienced and qualified officer.
Preparation of a Second-Phase Project
4.27 Areas in which the full package of grazing control, water develop-ment and veterinary services would be provided would cover only about 20% ofthe 5th Region. Thus, one of the main tasks of ODEM would be to assist IERto elaborate, with the assistance of specialized consultants as required,investment proposals for the whole of the 5th Region in the form of a RegionalLivestock Development Plan (Annex 11) to be implemented under a second-phaseproject. For this purpose, the Region would be divided into "developmentareas", and the main emphasis of the Development Plan would be the achievementof better utilization of the rich pastures of the Delta. A tentative list ofdevelopment areas is given in Annex 1, Chart 1. Most could be developed likethe Seno Mango area, since they have reliable dry-season grazing; in othercases the herds would need to obtain assured access to a designated dry-seasongrazing area in the Delta. All "development areas", however, should have incommon that they were intertribally acceptable, fitted into the present landuse pattern, and contain sufficient watering points. The Regional LivestockDevelopment Plan would draw from the experience gained during the project andthus it is important that the progress and achievements of this project beproperly monitored. To that effect, the Government would cause IER to preparea program to monitor the project to be submitted to IDA for approval no laterthan one year after Credit Effectiveness, and to make a livestock specialistpermanently available for monitoring and evaluating the project. Appropriateassurances were obtained during negotiations.
4.28 Many innovations would be tested and developed in the proposedproject, which would be carried out, initially at least, in a climate ofuncertainty as to how the pastoralists will respond. For this reason, theproject should be thoroughly reviewed after about three years experience.Any necessary modifications would be introduced into the ongoing project andincorporated into the second-phase project. The second project could thenbe appraised in PY 4 and start in PY 5, thus facilitating the continuity ofthe program.
C. Organization and Management
Organization
4.29 The Operation de Developpement de l'Elevage de la Region de Mopti(ODEM) would be a branch of the Ministry of Production responsible for alllivestock development in the 5th Region and for the execution of the proposedproject. ODEM would be headquartered at Mopti-Sevare, and the Rural Engineer-ing Department would prepare the plans, specifications and bidding documents
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for ODEM's headquarters and staff houses and supervise their construction.ODEM would have legal authority to grant user rights to grazing lands andwatering facilities to pastoral groups in this Region, to issue and eiiforcegrazing control regulations (paras. 4.07-4.08), and to prescribe cond:.tionsfor their use. It would be a Condition of Credit Effectiveness that I)DEMhad been established with responsibilities and powers acceptable to I;;DA.
Staffing
4.30 ODEM would employ 12 senior staff and by PY 5 about 500 supportstaff. It would be headed by a Director and would include (Annex 3; Chart):
(a) Field Services, comprising the Pastoral Service, theAnimal Health Service and the Livestock Marketingand Processing Service, each under a Head of Service;
(b) the Mopti Trial Station, headed by a Livestock ResearchOfficer assisted by a Pasture Agronomist;
(c) a Planning and Range Management Unit, consisting of aCommunity Development Officer, a Livestock Economist,a Range Management Officer, and a Water DevelopmentOfficer, and headed by one of ODEM's Deputy Directors;and
(d) an Administ:rative and General Service, under anAdministrative Officer.
4.31 The terms of reference of ODEM's 12 senior staff (listed above)are at Annex 14. As it is unlikely that qualified and experienced Malianaswould be available to fill all the senior posts, expatriates would proba.lyhave to be recruited for at least the following: Deputy Director, RangeManagement Officer, Water Development Officer, and Pasture Agronomist.Eighteen man-months of consultant services to be employed in preparation ofthe Regional Livestock Development Plan to be implemented under a second-phaseproject would also be provided under the project (para 4.27 and Annex 11).During negotiations, assurances were obtained from the Government that tl:equalifications, experience and terms of reference of the project's 12 selliorstaff and the consultants would be acceptable to IDA, and that it would callseODEM to employ, no later than October 15, 1975, eight senior staff. It wouldbe a Condition of Effectiverness that the Director, two Deputy Directors aadan Administrative Officer had been employed by ODEM.
4.32 Training Malians to replace expatriate staff would be an importantfunction of the latter., Malians would not be appointed as counterparts t,-:expatriates, but would hold posts with specific responsibilities. Promotionto succeed an expatriate would be contingent upon acquisition of appropriztaexperience during project implementation. The timetable for the replacemen:of expatriate personnel would be along the lines of the schedule of Annex 3.
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D. Accounts and Audit
4.33 ODEM would keep records consistent with sound accounting practicesand adequate to reflect its operations and financial condition, and wouldemploy independent and qualified auditors. Assurances were obtained duringnegotiations that: (a) ODEM would appoint auditors acceptable to IDA; (b)copies of ODEM's audited accounts and of the auditor's report thereon wouldbe submitted to IDA within five months of the end of each financial year;and (c) the report of the auditors would be of such scope and in such detailas IDA may reasonably request.
V. COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS
A. Project Costs
5.01 Total project costs for the five-year disbursement period, 1975-79,are estimated at US$17.3 million, including a foreign exchange componentof US$9.0 million. The costs are detailed in Annexes 15 and 16, and summarizedbelow:
StMl.O¶RY OF PROJECT COSTS
Percent Percentof Total For-ign
Local Foreign Total Local Foreisn Total Base Cost Excrange(1WF Billion) (US$ Million)
ODEM Headquarters .46 .62 1.08 1.03 1.38 2.41 19.8 57
ODEM Pastoral Service .44 .22 .66 .97 .50 1.47 12.0 34
ODE?! Aninial liealth Services .91 .52 1.43 2.03 1.15 3.18 26.0 36
Ponds and Wells .45 1.09 1.54 .99 2.42 3.41 28.0 71
Niopti Abattoir .10 .07 .17 .22 .16 .38 3.2 L2
Livestocl. Markets .07 .05 .12 .16 .11 .27 2.3 40
Mopti Trial Station .22 .23 .45 .49 .51 1.00 8.2 51
T ra_ino .01 .02 .03 .03 .03 .06 0.5 58
Total Base Cost 2.66 2.82 5.48 5.92 6.26 12.18 100.0 51
Physical Contigencies .08 .19 .27 .18 .43 .61 5.0 70
Fxpected Price Increases 1.00 1.03 2.03 2.21 2.30 4.51 37.0 51
Subtotal 1.08 1.22 2.30 2.39 2.73 5.12 42.0 53
TOTAL PROJECT COST 3.74 4.04 7.78 8.31 8.99 17.30 - 52
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5.02 Cost estimates are based on prices ruling at the beginning Df 1974.Physical contingencies include: 5% for the construction of the Mopti abattoirand hide-drying facilities and for the livestock markets; 10% for the con-struction and maintenance of ponds, and for preparatory work on well construc--tion; and 20% for well construction. The physical contingency for we.>ls islarge because it is not possible to estimate accurately the depth of ':hewells, the amount of rock to be excavated, or the number of dry wells,Expected price increases have been calculated by compounding the follcw:Lngannual rates of increase for both local and foreign costs: for buildingsand civil works 18% in 1974, 15% in 1975, and 12% in 1976 and thereafter; andfor all other costs 14% in 1974 (excluding local salaries and wages whichhave been updated following Credit negotiations) 11% in 1975, and 7.5% in1976 and thereafter. Total contingencies are estimated to amount to 4ZŽ, ofthe project's base costs. Taxes and duties account for about 14% (abouitUS$1.7 million) of project costs before contingencies.
B. Financing
5.03 The financing of project costs would be as follows (details atAnnex 17):
LivestockProject Component Owners Government ODEM IDA Total
…~~~~US $t 00…
ODEM Headquarters - 256 - 2,151 2.,407Pastoral Service - 201 - 1,269 4,70Animal Health Services 140 1,268 - 1,770 '2,'78Ponds and Wells - 558 - 2,854 _,412Mopti Abattoir - 42 109 233 ':84Livestock Markets - 31 84 157 272Mopti Trial Station - 53 69 882 1 004Training - 3 - 54 57
Unallocated 60 988 138 3,930 5I116
Total 200 3,400 400 13,300 17,300
Percentage 1% 20% 2% 77% 1(0%
5.04 The IDA Credit of US$13.3 million would be on standard terms to theGovernment and would finance 77% of project costs during the five-year dil;-bursement period. The Credit would finance 100% of the project's foreignexchange costs (US$9.0 million), and 52% (US$4.3 million) of local currencycosts. The remaining 48% (US$4.0 million) of the latter would be met frotGovernment budgetary allocations (US$3.4 million), ODEM's revenues (US$0.4million), and livestock owners (US$0.2 million). Assurances were obtainec",at negotiations that the Government would make available its contribution toODEM as a grant, quarterly in advance on the basis of ODEM's budgets.
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5.05 To ensure the efficient and timely execution of the project againstthe background of very tight budgetary constraints, it is proposed that IDAshould prefinance project activities. To that effect, immediately afterCredit Effectiveness, an initial IDA disbursement of US$200,000 equivalentwould be made into a Special Account that Government would establish for thispurpose; from this account Government would be able to finance project ex-penditures. IDA would replenish the Special Account upon reception of satis-factory evidence that such expenditures are eligible for financing out of theproceeds of the credit. However, should any disbursement out of the SpecialAccount fail to meet the criteria of eligibility, IDA would refuse reimburse-ment, and Government would be under the obligation to deposit the correspond-ing amount into the Special Account. A Condition of Effectiveness of thecredit would be that the special account had been established.
C. Procurement
5.06 Contracts for all items in excess of US$50,000 would be awarded onthe basis of international competitive bidding (ICB) in accordance with IDAguidelines. This would aggregate about US$7.8 million, covering: (a) build-ings and construction, US$3.0 million; (b) installation of 40 wells in theSeno Mango area, US$2.2 million; (c) vaccines, US$0.9 million; (d) vehicles,machinery, and equipment, US$0.8 million; and (e) well construction andmaintenance equipment for the Ministry of Public Works, US$0.9 million, toconstruct 20 wells in the Seno Mango area and 10 wells west of the Delta byforce account. These 30 wells are widely dispersed in remote areas, andwould be constructed over a three to four-year period. Contracts for allitems below US$50,000 would be awarded on the basis of competitive biddingadvertised locally and in accordance with local procedures, which are satis-factory to IDA. Domestically manufactured goods procured for the projectwould be allowed a price preference of 15% (or the level of applicable importduty, whichever is lower) over foreign goods; and for civil works, domesticcontractors would be granted a 7.5% preference over foreign contractors. Theservices of expatriate staff and consultants (US$0.8 million) would be ob-tained according to procedures acceptable to IDA. The construction and/orrehabilitation of 50 ponds, widely dispersed in remote areas, would be carriedout by the Rural Engineering Department by force account, at a cost of US$0.8million.
D. Disbursement
5.07 The IDA Credit would be disbursed over five years to cover:
(a) 95% of local expenditures for the incremental local staffof ODEM, expenses for staff of the Mopti abattoir for itsfirst year of operation, and local training expenses ofODEM staff -- US$1.3 million;
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(b) 100% of foreign expenditures for expatriate personnel,consultant services and training of ODEM's staff abroad--US$950,000;
(c) 75% of total expenditures for civil works (includingpreparatory work) -- US$3.6 million;
(d) 100% of foreign or 75% of total expenditures of vehiclesand equipment, and of livestock for the Mopti trialstation -- US$450,000; and
(e) 75% of ODEM's operating expenditures during the disburse-ment period excluding expenditures for the Mopti abattoirbeyond PY 1 -- US$3.1 million.
US$3.9 million would be unallocated. Annex 18 shows the estimated annual,and Annex 19 the estimated quarterly disbursements. Any unspent balancewould be cancelled.
5.08 Disbursements would be against import documentation, contracts, orcertified records of expenditures. For disbursements against the latter,documentation would not be submitted to IDA for review, but retained by ODEMfor possible scrutiny by IDA supervision missions. ODEM would prepare andendorse all supporting documents needed for reimbursements and, where relevant,attach an addendum certifying that the Government had disbursed its share ofthe costs. Reimbursement by IDA would be made directly into ODEM's bankaccount.
VI. PRODUCTION, PRICES, MARKETING AND FINANCIAL RESULTS
A. Production
6.01 At full development (PY 12), incremental cattle production is isti-mated at 14,500 t of carcass weight equivalent annually, which is equal t:o12% of Mali's 1970 domestic beef output. This incremental production in-cludes 33,000 surplus heifers which could be slaughtered, used to replaceold cows, or sold outside the project area, and 73,000 feeder steers whichcould be slaughtered or fattened in Mali's higher rainfall areas (para 2.32).In addition, the project would generate an annual incremental production ,fabout 4,400 t edible offal, 137,000 hides, and 20 million liters of milk.These estimates are based on two main assumptions: (a) the carrying capa::ityof the project area, estimated at 1.6 million animal units, would be full,utilized in PY 6 whereas without the project there would be no more than1.4 million animal units at this time; and (b) with the project the offtaiewould be 15% by PY 12, whereas without the project it would never go above9.5%. Tables 1, 2 and 3 of Annex 12 give details on production assumptions
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6.02 At full development in PY 9, the incremental output of sheep andgoats is estimated at 1,800 t of carcass meat, 540 t of edible offal, 150,000skins, and 3.8 million liters of milk. It is also estimated that the numberof sheep and goats would increase from 2 million in PY 2 to 2.5 million inPY 9, or by 3% per year (Annex 13).
B. Prices
6.03 Free market forces determine prices of live cattle (Annex 2). Highquality steers are generally exported at a price about 50% higher than cullor lean cattle destined for local consumption, i.e. MF 120-150 per kg live-weight compared to HF 80-100. During the last five years, cattle prices haveincreased by about 70% in the 5th Region.
6.04 In accordance with Government's policy of low wages and low foodprices, there are retail price controls for meat in all cities and towns.Controlled prices are highest in Bamako, where they have been unchanged since1969 (MF 275/kg for meat with bones or meat with bones and offal; and MF 350/kgfor boneless meat), and 20% lower in the 5th Region. Given the increasingcost of live cattle and operating expenses, butchers would operate at a lossif they applied these prices strictly. Thus, actual retail prices exceedcontrolled prices by about 30% for meat with bones and 70-80% for bonelessmeat. Controls are easily circumvented because most meat is retailed in"heaps" rather than specific cuts, and the butcher increases the proportionof low quality parts included in these heaps. In any event, the pricecontrols are not a serious disincentive to producers because they are notenforced by the Government efficiently; indeed, the level of domestic cattleprices is mainly determined by the prices of export cattle, which are freelyarrived at. The Government -- aware that existing controls are unsatis-factory -- recently asked ONBEVI (para 2.18) to submit recommendations.OMBEVI is expected to recommend that controlled prices be increased to profit-able levels. Thus in this particular case, price controls are not an issueof practical importance.
6.05 In calculating the financial benefits to pastoralists the domesticbeef price of MF 200 per kg of carcass has been used. For the economic analy-sis a border price -- consistent with retail prices in the Abidjan markets(Annex 2, Table 3) -- of MF 340 per kg of beef has been used for export qualitycattle while feeder steers and domestically consumed cattle have been pricedat MF 250 and MF 200 per kg, respectively. The domestic prices of mutton andgoat meat, estimated at MF 250 per kg, and of milk, estimated at MF 20 perliter, have been applied in both cases.
C. Markets
6.06 Meat produced under the project would be sold domestically andexported. The market outlook is very favorable in West Africa (Annex 2).Meat is increasingly scarce due to the recent droughts, rapid population
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growth and urbanization, and the opening up of new markets in Arab ccuuntries.The strength of demand is shown by rapidly rising prices (para 6.03) and bysteadily increasing exports to Ivory Coast and Ghana. Since the incrznientalproduction of the project at full development (PY 12) would not exceeli about12% of predrought domestic output (para 6.01), it should find a ready domesticand external market.
6.07 The project's incremental hides and skins production could 4/asilybe bought or exported by SOMBEPEC (para 2.19). Incremental milk prodtctionwould improve the nutrition of about 100,000 pastoral families and neighibor-ing farmers, and any surplus would find a ready local market.
6.08 Livestock marketing (para 2.15) is reasonably efficient, and asthe project would improve the marketing infrastructure in the 5th Regi1rL,marketing arrangements would be adequate to meet project needs. Slaugiteringfacilities are adequate, since the Bamako slaughterhouse operates at onllyabout 50% of capacity, and the simple abattoir to be constructed under thisproject would cover the needs of Mopti, the only large town in the pro: ectarea. Meat is retai.led by an adequate network of butcher shops.
D. Financial Results
6.09 Pastoralists. Financial benefits to the pastoralists under tle
project are difficult to quantify because of variation in herd size and thecomplexity of ownership, and because herds in areas with more intensive projectactivities would profit more. However, assuming that the Region's 100,')00families share equally in the overall benefits, the average annual cash incomefrom livestock production would be, at full development in PY 12, MF 10C,)00(US$222) compared with MF 65,000 (US$144) without the project. This estimnateassumes an average herd of 20 cattle and 5 to 10 sheep/goats per family w:Lth6 persons.
6.10 Government. ODEM's earnings are limited, and would require Gcvernament to cover annual operating costs of about US$100,000 after the disburse-ment period. Because of its financial support of ODEM, the Government'scash flow remains negative throughout the project life (Annex 21). Theestimated annual incremental deficit, US$200,000 - 300,000, is based on 1:heassumption that livestlock taxes and duties remain at their present level(para 2.16), and does not take into account the increased revenues from :In-direct taxes resulting from purchases of taxed goods by pastoralists, dui totheir significantly increased income because of the project, which are verrdifficult to estimate. The Government would thus be indirectly subsidizingthe pastoralists using the 5th Region grazing resources. Although this c:i1ldbe justified on income distribution grounds, it must be recognized that t.i!Government's budgetary situation is likely to remain precarious. Therefo7E,during the five-year disbursement period, the possibilities would be exam 'nedby ODEM of generating revenues to cover part or all of the Government cashdeficit in respect to the project. Assurances were obtained during negotia-tions that Government would consult with IDA on: (a) the structure and lcvelof livestock taxes, after the completion of the taxation study to be carr:leSout under the project in PY 2; and (b) the imposition of grazing and watel:fees by ODEM, during the course of project implementation.
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VII. ECONOMIC BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION
7.01 The project would be the first comprehensive effort to improverange livestock production in West Africa's Sahel. It would be aimed at low-income pastoralists, who were seriously afflicted by the recent droughts.
7.02 The project would yield substantial benefits. At full developmentin PY 12, project-induced incremental livestock production would be worthMF 3.5 billion (US$7.8 million) annually in 1974 terms. Assuming that 50%of the marketed live cattle are exported, in line with present tradingpatterns, foreign exchange earnings would be of the order of MF 1.7 billion(US$3.8 million) a year, as compared with foreign exchange costs of aboutMF 0.2 billion (US$0.4 million). Some 100,000 pastoral families wouldincrease their average cash incomes from livestock production from MF 65,000(US$144) to MF 100,000 (US$222), and almost 400 new jobs would be created.
7.03 The economic rate of return of the project is estimated at 51%(Annex 22). This high incremental rate of return is due to the fact thatthe investment represented by the project is expected to raise significantlythe productivity of the existing herd. Thus, if total (existing plus projectfinanced) investment is considered, the project is estimated to raise overallannual return from about 12 - 14% to about 20 - 22%; that is, the treatmentof existing assets as sunk costs gives high leverage to the investments thatwould be carried out under the project.
7.04 The sensitivity of the rate of return has been tested: a 25%increase in costs would lower the rate of return to 40%; a 25% decrease inbenefits would lower it to 37%. A 67% decrease in benefits, or a 50% increasein costs combined with a 50% decrease in benefits, would lower it to 10%.It is, therefore, unlikely that the project's economic viability would bedestroyed by renewed droughts, provided they were not catastrophic. Also,as meat prices are expected to continue rising in West Africa, the rate ofreturn may increase.
7.05 Without the changes that would be introduced under the project,the 5th Region would continue to deteriorate as a grazing resource, as moreand more rangeland would be destroyed by overgrazing and degraded by shiftingmillet and rice cultivation. Other unquantifiable benefits would be: (i)better nutrition for about 100,000 pastoral families and surrounding farmersthrough increased production of milk; (ii) more sanitary and more accessiblewater supplies for about 5,000 pastoral families; (iii) the replacement ofunsanitary slaughter facilities; (iv) the easing of friction between herds-men and farmers; and (v) incentives to trade and settle that would be pro-vided by secure land rights and the development of livestock markets.
7.06 Risks. The proposed project is risky because it is difficult toassess:
(1) the degree to which pastoralists will respond to the grazingcontrol measures introduced by the project;
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(2) the degree to which other pastoralists will be prevented fromencroaching on the grazing rights of participating groups; and
(3) the frequency and extent of future droughts.
Should the grazing control measures fail to be effective, the project wouldbe instrumental in accelerating an increase in stock numbers, and thus wouldbe conducive to overgrazing and consequently to the deterioration of rangelairLds.However, the project would. proceed by phases and on the basis of a developmev,,tplan previously agreed between Government and IDA; each successive phase wouldbe undertaken only on the basis of evidence that the previous phase had beencompleted successfully and was being managed satisfactorily. These safeguarc:swould make the project adaptable to the lessons of experience and would allow,the discontinuation of activities which show high probabilities of beingeconomically undesirable. As for the second risk, should participating groupsbe prevented from cooperating with the project by encroaching pastoralists,sound resource management would be impaired and overgrazing would likely resuli.The prevention of encroachment would depend on the willingness of Government toeffectively protect the grazing rights of participating groups. It is reason-able to expect that the Government would take appropriate measures to protectthe rights of project participants. Turning to the third risk, the projectarea may be affected by two different types of drought: (a) moderate droughtswhich may typically occur every four or five years; and (b) catastrophic droughtssuch as the 1972/73 one. Moderate droughts are not expected to affect substan-tially the economic viability of the project. In fact, to the extent that theproject promotes a proper balance between cattle and land, the project areawould be better prepared to withstand such a drought than otherwise. Historicaldata show that catastrophic droughts occur every 40 to 50 years. Should thispattern hold, the project would have been successfully implemented and extendedthroughout the region before the next catastrophic one occurs. An appropriat:!balance between cattle and land would have been achieved, and the region wouldlbe in the best possible position to withstand a serious drought with minimumlosses. However, in the urLlikely event that a catastrophic drought shouldrepeat itself in the near future, it would be very difficult to maintain dis-cipline in the project area and to prevent invasion by outside pastoralists;and as a result the project would be in serious jeopardy. Nevertheless, thepotential benefits of the project are so important relative to this risk thatthe risk is worth taking.
VIII. AGREEENTS REACHED AND RECOMMENDATION
8.01 During Credit negotiations, agreement was reached with the Govern-ment on the following principal points:
(a) it would give ODEM legal authority to: (i) grant userrights to grazing lands and watering facilities to pastoralgroups in the 5th Region and (ii) issue and enforcegrazing control regulations (para 4.07);
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(b) it would entrust ODEM with the collection of charges foranimal health services and would ensure control of the majorinfectious diseases after December 31, 1979 (para 4.12);
(c) it would transfer to ODEM no later than one month after theEffective Date of the Credit the staff and facilities fromthe livestock service within its 5th Region (para 4.14);
(d) the first season's well construction programs, and theentire pond construction program would be preceded by aplan of action acceptable to IDA, and that it shall causeODEM not to proceed with the second and third season'swell construction programs until the Government, IDA andODEM shall have reviewed the results of grazing controlaround the wells constructed during the preceding wellconstruction season(s) (para 4.17);
(e) the consultants for the preparation of detailed plans andtender documents for the construction of the Mopti abattoirand hide-drying facilities, and their terms of referenceand conditions of employment would be acceptable to IDA(para 4.21);
(f) (i) no slaughter would be licensed within the Mopti-Sevaremunicipality except at the abattoir to be constructed underthe project; (ii) ODEM would be allowed to levy economicslaughter fees in this abattoir, and (iii) the municipalitywould renounce the slaughter taxes presently levied (para.4.21);
(g) the plans and specifications for the establishment of theMopti trial station and its annual work program for thefive-year disbursement period would be acceptable to IDA(para 4.24);
(h) it would cause the National Functional Literacy Serviceto make available, no later than one year after theEffective Date of the Credit to ODEM an experienced andqualified officer (para 4.26);
(i) it would cause IER to prepare a program to monitor theproject to be submitted to IDA for approval no later thanone year after Credit Effectiveness and to make a live-stock specialist permanently available for monitoring andevaluating the project (para 4.27);
(j) the qualifications, experience and terms of reference ofthe project's 12 senior staff and the consultants would beacceptable to IDA, and that it would cause ODEM to employ,no later than October 15, 1975, eight senior staff (para 4.31);
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(k) (i) ODEM would appoint auditors acceptable to IDA; (ii)copies of ODEM's audited accounts and of the auditor'sreport thereof would be submitted to IDA within fivemonths of the end of each financial year; and (iii) thereport of the auditors would be of such scope and insuch detail as IDA may reasonably request (para 4.33);
(1) it would make available its contribution to ODEM as agrant, quarterly in advance on the basis of ODEM'sbudgets (para 5.04); and that
(m) it would consult with IDA on: (i) the structure and levelof livestock taxes, after the completion of the taxationstudy to be carried out under the project in PY 2; and(ii) the imposition of grazing and water fees by ODEM,during the execution of the project (para 6.10).
8.02 Conditions of effectiveness of the IDA Credit would be that:
(a) ODEM had been established with responsibilitiesand powers acceptable to IDA (para 4.29);
(b) The Director, two Deputy Directors and,an Adminis-trative Officer had been employed by ODEM (para4.31); and that
(c) a special bank account, for the purpose of fundingthe revolving fund, on terms and conditions satis-factory to IDA, had been opened (para 5.05).
8.03 The project is suitable for an IDA credit of US$13.3 million,
ANNEX IPage 1
M A L I
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
The Fifth Region
Geographical Location and Climate
1. The 5th Administrative Region of Mali, the Region of Mopti, coverssome 89,000 km2, or about 7X of the country. It is situated between latitudes14' and 16° north, in a tropical zone marked by a long dry and a short rainyseason, with mean annual rainfall ranging from 750 mm in the south to 300 mmin the north. These rainfall averages, however, conceal considerable variabilityfrom year to year. Also, there appears to be a climatic cycle, with dry andhumid periods alternating every three to five years; at longer intervals, thereis a dramatic reduction of rainfall for two or three consecutive years. Forexample, drought occurred during 1913-14 and, in recent years, during 1971-73.In 1971-72, the average annual rainfall was 390 mm for Mopti, as against 545 mmduring a "normal" year.
2. Under these climatic conditions, the most important and richest areaof the 5th Region is the Central Delta of the Niger, composed of the Nigeritself and its tributaries, lakes and flood plains. This inland delta, createdby the gentle gradient of the Niger (only 4-5 cm/km), is covered annually bythe river's flood. The flood begins in August-September and reaches its maxi-mum at Mopti between October 15 and November 30; then the water level fallsslowly until March, progressively uncovering the flood plains. Overall, some
70 billion m of water is released into the inland delta by the combinedflow of the Niger and the Bani, and 36 billion m3 emerge at the northernboundary of the 5th Region. The rest is dissipated by infiltration into thealluvial plains, evaporation from open water and evapotranspiration from theextremely thick grassy vegetation.
Natural Subregions
3. Five major natural subregions can be recognized in the 5th Region:
(a) The Central Delta of the Niger, covering an area of 38,300 km2,
consists of four sections:
(M) The "Livin" Delta, corresponding to a natural floodplain of about 19,000 km2 .
(ii) The Upper Delta, covering an area of 7,000 kmi2, occupiesthe southern portion, where the plains are generallyonly slightly flooded, and Vetiveria negritana - Oryzabarthii (wild rice) grasslands predominate. Deeperflooded plains occupied by dense stands of "bourgou"
ANNEX 1Page 2
(Peub.l name for Echinochloa stagnina) are found in afew localities (Pondori, Goube, and Yongari), and offerimportant grazing from December onwards. Extensiveareas of higher ground ("toggue") are exposed as theflood waters recede.
(iii) The Middle Delta covers an area of 8,300 km . On its le.:tbank, in the so-called Djougol Region, the Niger has numerousanastomosed branches. The biggest arm, the Kiaka, is borderedby small basins which become deeper with distance downstream(Region of Macina). Between the Niger and the Bani, theSebera consists of a bourgou style plain. The entirearea is under water from January to March.
(iv) The Lower Delta covers 4,000 km2 . This is a vast and deepbasin, under 3-6 m of water at maximum water level, andinterspersed with a few rare hillocks. The spreading aquaticplants of the bourgou, which survive here because they arecapable of growing rapidly during submersion, form a floatingpasture which is uncovered briefly from March to May.The Lower Delta ends in three lakes, Ouallado, Debo andKorientze, which retract somewhat during low water butremain precious water reservoirs.
(b) The Erg of Niafounke, occupying the northern portion of the 5thRegion, is an immense field of old dunes covering an area of about15,000 km2 ; the Niger crosses this field by means of three tri-butaries, the Issa-Ber, Bara-Issar, and Koli-Koli. Parts areinundated but usually less so than the main delta.
(c) The Bandiagara Plateau, or Dogon Country, occupies 8,000 km2 in thiecenter of the Region. It comprises a sandstone massif, lying tothe east of the inland delta, which rises progressively towardthe northeast, to an elevation of about 700-800 m. The northand east flanks form a straight, high escarpment of about 200-300 m -- the Bandiagara "lcliffs" -- from which numerous springsarise from the fissured sandstone. The plateau comprises mainlydegraded bushland and cultivation.
(d) The Plain of Seno-Gondo-Mondoro extends to the east of the Bandia3araPlateau to the border of Upper Volta. This monotonous region,consisting of more or less deep sands, supporting grassy andshrubby vegetation, covers 18,000 km2., There is very littlesurface water, except at the southern end of the Sourou Valley,and underground water is often available only at depths of morethan 60 m.
ANNEX 1Page 3
(e) The Gourma, to the northeast of the Bandiagara Plateau, falls partlywithin the 5th Region. The massive sandstones of the BandiagaraPlateau are represented here: notably Gandamia, with an areaof about 800 km2 and an elevation of 900-1,000 m, and Mt. Boniand Mt. Hombori at 1,150 m. The plains below consist mainlyof impermeable soils which, though often concealed by thickdunes, hamper rainfall penetration. Groundwater reserves arepoor. Stagnant pools tend to back up behind the dunes, but holdwater only until November. Thereafter, several lakes persistwhich are supplied by the high water of the Niger, namely LakesNiangay, Aougoundou, Do, Garou and Korarou.
Population
4. The 5th Region has a population estimated at 1.12 million (at theend of 1973), or 21% of the country's total, and a population density of 12.6inhabitants per km2, placing it second to the 4th Region. Population growthis estimated at 2% per year.
5. Ethnically, the population is one of the most diverse in Mali. Fromancient times, the Niger Delta and the Bandiagara Plateau have supported twovery distinct peasant groups: the Marka, rice-growers and merchants from thetime of the medieval Empire of Mali, and the Dogon, who used to occupy a vastarea but progressively sought refuge from pastoral tribes on the BandiagaraPlateau. In addition, the Delta and its surrounds have attracted variouswaves of migrations: the Bambara, who have extended their millet culture onsandy soils northwards from the Soudanian zone up to the climatic limits ofcultivation (350 mm annual rainfall); the Peuhl cattlemen who depend on theflooded plains for dry-season grazing; and the Touareg pastoralists whofrequent the Gourma and the shoreline grazing areas of the lakes in the north.Finally, the river itself has served as an axis of settlement for groups suchas the Sonrai, who came from downstream, and the Bozo and Somono fishermenwho came from upstream. These ethnic groups are also diverse linguisticallyand culturally, and each group has specialties in terms of economic activities.
6. The population of the 5th Region is very unevenly distributed withaverage densities from 5 to 20 persons per km2 (Table 1). With 16 inhabitants
per km2, the Delta is relatively underpopulated, considering the variety andwealth of its natural resources. On the other hand, the Bandiagara Plateauhas concentrations of Dogons along the eastern cliffs, where cultivable soilsare rather scarce. Population densities on the Plateau reach 200-500/km2 ofcultivable land. Despite the use of very sophisticated farming techniques,including hand irrigation and fertilization, the population pressure resultsin emigration and heavy seasonal migration. However, contrary to what mightbe expected or desired, there is little movement between the Plateau and theDelta; only seasonal migrants move out for the rice harvest or for work in thecities. The more important migration is between the Plateau and the Seno-Gondo,which constitutes the "virgin land" of the Dogon. Possibly 100,000 Dogons havecome down from their plateau over the past half century to find cultivableland in the Seno-Gondo.
ANNEX 1Page 4
Commerce and Urbanization
7. Commercial and urban activity in the 5th Region dates from tieMiddle Ages, when Djenne, in the Upper Delta, developed as a major religiousand commercial metropolis, maintaining close contact with Tombouctou via rivernavigation. Other markets developed with the start of the colonial era,especially in the Delta. Today there are several small centers, such as Kona,Sofara, Korientze and Fatoma, with populations of 2,000 to 4,000 inhabitants,which attract fishermen, farmers, and livestock owners to their weekly miarketfrom a radius of 20--40 km, and a few larger markets, such as DiafarabeKouskourou and Ombollore, which concentrate mainly on the sale of rice andfish. In the other natural subregions, urban centers are rarer: on t-heplateau is Bandiagara (6,000 population), while the Seno-Gondo has Koro) (4,000;and Bankas (2,500). At the point of contact of the Plateau, Seno-Gondo andGourma, is Douentza (5,000), the most important population center in thenortheast.
8. The regional capital and river port of Mopti-Sevare is strategicallysituated between the Plateau and the Delta, and at the confluence of the Baniand the Niger. The old town of Mopti occupies a man-made site within theflood plain: a site which poses considerable problems in terms of expansionand drainage, so that most of the new facilities now being planned are to beset up at Sevare, on dry land, and linked to Mopti by a causeway. Growth ofthe combined community of Mopti-Sevare since 1960 has been particularlyrapid: from 8,200 inhabitants in 1948, to 19,400 in 1960, and 35,000 inhabi-tants in 1973.
9. Mopti is the commercial center for exports of fish by truck to thesouth, and also for shipments of rice and millet to the grain-deficient 6thRegion. The weekly market attracts 10,000-15,000 persons. The river pcrtis extremely active. Hleavy-duty navigation by COMANAV involves about *T,000 tbetween August and January, while light navigation, carried out by motori:,ed10-20-t payload canoes, handles six to eight times the traffic volume ofCOMANAV.
10. Mopti, being the seat of the Governor's Office, is a focal centerfor the entire Region. It houses the regional directorates of the variouisGovernment agencies, Government-owned companies, and "Operations" withregional sector involvement (Operation Rice, Operation Fishery and Operai:ionMillet). It possesses a regional hospital and a regional hiigh school. it isconnected to Bamako by an excellent highway, by the river and by a schediledair service.
Livestock Production in the 5th Region
11. In 1972, the 5th Region had about 1.7 million cattle (30% of thecountry's cattle population), 2.3 million sheep and goats (20% of the coula:ry'ssheep and goat population), 80,000 donkeys, 30,000 horses, and 20,000 canals.The majority of the cattle are owned by Peuhl, who account for only 36% oE
ANNEX 1Page 5
the region's population. Although most Peuhl also engage in farming, theirmain activity is livestock raising. The distribution of the cattle populationby natural subregions and administrative units, and in relation to the distri-
bution of the Peuhl population group, is given in Table 2.
12. In general, the regional cattle population alternates seasonallybetween the delta and the surrounding dry grazing lands. The latter attractcattle during the rainy season, when pasture and surface water are abundant.The main zones of attraction are:
- in the northwest: the Sahel area (on either side of theborder between Mali and Mauritania), Mema and Tilemsi;
- in the northeast: Karwasa, Gandamia, Drougama or Gourma,and the Seno-Mango area in Seno-Gondo; and
- in the south: Sanari and Bobori.
13. During the dry season, the cattle concentrate on the pasture landin the flooded delta, especially on the"bourgou'. As the water recedes and
this area becomes progressively exposed between November and March, the
cattle herds follow along the outer fringes to the downstream section ofthe delta, successively using different terrain levels. Fresh pasture is
grazed in this manner until April. From April until June, the herds are
concentrated in the deepest "bourgouttieres" where Echinochloa stagnina isstill abundant and where pools and other watering points are still numerous.With the arrival of the rains, the climate becomes humid and insects andparasites troublesome, the flood waters begin to rise, and the herds moveoff to drier grazing areas.
14. The bourgou attracts also herds from the 4th and 6th Regions. Al-
together, 300,000 additional animals from outside the 5th Region use the Delta,generally arriving one or two months later than those from the Region itself.
15. Within this general framework, several pastoral systems have evolved.The most important are the systems used by the Peuhl. Miany Peuhl, who have
been permanently settled in the Delta since the 19th Century, tend to stay in
their villages and concentrate on rice cultivation, while a small number of
specialized herdsmen take control of their herds. Under this bourgoukodjisystem, the herds are divided into three groups:
- Garti (bulls, steers, weaners, heifers and old cows), which rangeA far from the villages, starting in July, returning for a spell
in October-November, and then moving once more to the bourgouarea;
- Benti (the bulk of the milk cows and calves), which are keptclose to the villages -- except when driven out by flood water(around August) or when grazing is lacking -- thereby providingthe owners with milk for home-use or barter for six-eight months;
ANNEX IPage 6
- Dounti (one or two milk cows), which are kept corralled undershade for milking purposes during the rainy season; these cowsare usually earmarked for slaughter.
16. The bourgoukodji tradition is based on a pastoral code devisedduring the 19th Century by the Sovereign Peuhl Sheikou Ahmadou. The codi.provided for the organization of herds on the move to and from the bourgcuinto large conglomerates of 10,000-20,000 cattle, under the command of oneleader. Although herds leave the delta in a rather dispersed pattern, theyreturn along specific trails, following a schedule and precedence that hasbeen estabLished over the years. These trails are marked by stopping poin:swhere the herds spend the night. The trails, stopping points, and pastureareas all have traditional names. The system is recognized by the MaliAdministration and each year there are "annual regional conferences on thebourgouttieres" to determine movement dates and to organize surveillance.
17. Unlike the settled Peuhl of the bourgou, the Peuhl of Seno-GondDand Gourma are seminomadic in the sense that most of the families tend theherds, at least during the dry season. Most of them follow the same rhyt'mof movement as described for the bourgoukodji herds, but their descent tothe bourgou is more protracted. Some, however, do not usually frequent thlebourgou at all. The Peuhl of Gondo, Diougani, Boni, Hombori, Mondoro --totalling some 18,000 Peuhl with about 30,000 head of cattle -- graze theirherds in the Seno-Mango during the rainy season and spend the dry seasonaround wells and villages to the north and south of the Seno-Mango.
18. With few exceptions, however, it can be concluded that the livestockindustry of the 5th Region is intimately linked to and is dependent on thf!ecological balance and the efficient utilization of the bourgou. This isunique among all livestock systems in the entire Sahel. It is also a cha:a::-teristic of the Region that most herdsmen are far removed from their homes;tadfor most of the year. From this follows an underutilization of the milkpotential of the herds, and a psychological attitude which emphasizes theherds' social role and reserve capital resource.
The Livestock Service
19. Responsibility for all livestock services in the 5th Region restswith the Regional Livestock Service. In practice, however, only an animalhealth service is provided. Present staff includes three Veterinary Officers,one Livestock Officer, 16 Assistant Livestock Officers, 47 Animal HealthAssistants and 30 Vaccinators. The headquarters is at Bandiagara and, inall, there are 19 veterinary posts distributed between the eight Circles wthichcomprise the Region. Most Circles have two to three posts though Douentzahas five and Djenne and Tenenkou only one each. There are 68 vaccinationyards (between six and thlirteen per Circle, except for Tenenkou which hasfour), and including dips or spray races.
ANNEX 1Page 7
20. Miuch of the attention of the Livestock Service is directed tocontrolling rinderpest, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), blacklegand pasteurellosis, as is reflected in the annual vaccination program:
1971 1972 1973 /1
Rinderpest 553,587 509,751 737,050
CBPP 156,650 130,586 121,770
Blackleg 66,818 66,008 65,450
Pasteurellosis 28,009 36,016 16,660
/1 Data for 1971/72 represent numbers of doses used but those for1973 represent the doses distributed to the 5th Region by theCentral Veterinary Laboratory at Bamako (which now has thecapability to produce all the standard vaccines required inMali).
Particular attention is being paid to rinderpest in order to maintain theeffectiveness of the JP15 anti-rinderpest campaign, which in Mali was financedby FED and USAID. However, even greater coverage is necessary if rinderpestis to be finally eliminated. The same applies to CBPP. There is also a needto increase control measures against tick-borne diseases and intestinalparasites; the latter are especially troublesome in the Delta.
21. Although shortages of staff and finance have substantially constrainedextension and range development activities, a small staff is maintained in theRegion by the Water and Forestry Service with responsibilities toward the con-trol of fire and destructive tree-cutting and the planting of Acacia albidaand other fodder trees. For the latter purpose, there is nominally one treenursery per Circle, though these are mostly abandoned. The present regionalestablishment consists of only two officers (one Inspecteur and one Ingenieur)and 17 other staff.
Development Opportunities and Requirements
22. The Central Delta. Theoretically, the available grazing area -- about1.5 million ha, of which about one third are high-grade bourgou pastures --should be capable of supporting the total herd of 1.7 million Animal Unitsfor a period of eight months each year (including the extra 300,000 "foreign"cattle). In practice, however, the carrying capacity of the land is reducedby the spread of rice cultivation, mainly shifting, wqhich eliminates some ofthe best grasses. In addition, the concentration of cattle over the availablearea is far from even. The main overexploited areas occur on the fringes ofthe delta, in the most populated regions, where the recent extension of ricecultivation is most marked. In the west, these include the Region of Toggue,
ANNEX IPage 8
where the most herds arrive, and the Region of Diaka, through which the herdsfrom the Tenenkou Region pass; and, in the east, the bourgou of Kounart, oneither side of Mopti. The main underexploited areas are those which are offthe major movement axes. In their haste to reach the best bourgou, thl> herderlpass by many potentially useful areas, e.g., the plains between Kotia and theleft bank of the Niger, the northwest corner of the flood plains of Ou-o N'dia.and Sebera, the center portion of the Bani and Niger.
23. In the lorng term, the solution lies in more rational use of the'bourgou." Inevitably, this will involve a stricter division between culti-vated and grazing lands. There may also be opportunities for the explc.i::ationof shallow groundwater on the edges of the delta, either for irrigated fodderor crop production. In the shorter term, however, pending a more elaboratedplan, it would be useful to aim at amending present itineraries and seasonalwater supplies on the western and eastern approaches to the Delta. This wouldpermit a better.distribution of herds as they move into the delta, and ier,ablethem to delay their return to the delta until there is sufficient grazing.
24. Any longer term development strategy will need to give considerationto ways by which a greater proportion of the milk cows and young animals canbe kept near the villages throughout the year. This will require a betterprotection of animals against parasites and the provision of fodder adequateto meet animal needs through the year. At the same time, the delta can beenvisaged as a finishing zone for feeder steers: e.g., using grazing coupledwith the feeding of fodder crops and crop residues (rice bran and rice nmiddlings).The implementation of these last two developments could be of interest not: onlyto traditional cattlemen but also to the rice farmers of the bourgou.
25. To the west and east of the delta, there are different problem~requiring different strategies (Annex 4). In the Seno Mango, for exampli,the shortage of water causes fragmentation of the herds early in the dryseason. Some herds spend the dry season near the villages of Gondo and loai,while those from Kirana leave the region and head for Bore. Others, fror:Douma or Okoyeri, hiave! begun to use the bourgou. The consequences are adivision of herds, breakup of families, overcrowding of village wells, arda growing attraction of the bourgou. In this situation, the establishmertof permanent watering points in the Seno Mango -- the existence of adequa:egroundwater supplies has already been proven -- would permit a semisedentarysetup, at least for milk cows, which could provide a basis for a more stableand productive system. Mostly, however, the grazing areas away from thedelta will need to be retained as wet season grazing areas, with emphasison surface water development.
ANNEX 1
Table 1
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
The 5th Region
Population Distribution
Geogranhic Number of Administrative PersonsSubregion Administrative Unit Persons I/ Unit(km2) per km2
Living Delta Mopti )(including City) ) 25,000 16.0
) 400,000Djenne )Tenenkou )
Erg ofNiafounke Niafounke 192,000 15,375 12.5
BandiagaraPlateau Bandiagara 143,000 7,250 19.7
Seno-Gondo- BankassMondoro Koro 271,000 34,249 7.9
Gourma Douentza 113= 000 23,312 4.8
TOTAL 1,119,000 105,186 10.6
11 Estimated end of 1973.
June 26, 1974
ANNEX .Table 2
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
The 5th Region
Population and Cattle Distribution
Ratio BetweenGeographic Administrative Number of Number of % Cattle andSubregion Unit Cattle 1/ Personsl/ Peuhl Inhabitants
Living Delta Mopti 310,000 168,000 52 1.8Djenne 79,000 101,000 26 C.,Tenenkou 143,000 88,000 75 1.6
Erg ofNiafounke Niafounke 450,000 183,000 64 2.4
BandiagaraPlateau Bandiagara 60,000 138,000 6 0.4
Seno-Gondo- Bankass 170,000 122,000 29 1,4Mondoro Koro 185,000 156,000 15 1,1
Gourma Douentza 200,000 111,000 55 1,8
TOTAL 1,697,000 1,067,000 40 1.6
1/ 1972 estimates.
June 26, 1974
RALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Summary Description of Development Areas ir the 5th Region (First Approximation)
No. Area Dencriptior Development Opportunities/Resuirenents
] Mopti-Sevare Vicinity of the regional capital; mostly in Development opportunities constrained by heavy pressure on land; strat-the inundated zone; high pop':lation pressure egg should be linked to the requirements of Mopti town (e.g. for milk)
2 Upper-M- I Del'a Main inunda-ed 0oT.e, important for both ri-ecultivation and dry-seasorn grazing ) Area critical to the livestock economy of the Region; requires detailed
survey to differentiate future crop and grazing areas and to develop
Lower Delta Partially inundated but including old dunelands ) strategy for maximizing forage potential
L West Delta Fringe Belt of populatior pressure bordering the delta; Little spare land, but requires investigation to determine opportunitieslargely cultivated for utilizing shallow groundwater for irrigation of crops and fodder
NW Border Belt of very arid courtry strategically situated Of possible potential for water and range development; to be evaluatedbetween the Lower Delta and the 6th Region ,in relation to neighboring parts of the 6th Regju
6 Nema Wet season grazing area of low and unreliable Present land-use to be maintained; would benefit from new surfacerainfall water supplies (following predevelopment survey)
7 Dioura Arid but partially settled area; also important Relatively overgrazed and with few apparent development opportunities;transition zone between wet and dry season grazing areas facilities for migratory herds need to be maintained
8 sW Dioura Relatively underutilised area; arid ar.i partially un- Requires careful survey to differentiate opportunities for settlementder bush but possibly of some potential for agriculture and for holding cattle on migration to the delta
9 East Delta Fringe As 4, but also a migration route for cattle moving As 4B and S to and from the delta
10 Bandiagara Plateau Sandstone plateau relatively densely settled by To be developed for the resident population; critical area agricultural-cultivators (also transit zone for delta-Gondo cattle) ly but not of high priority for livestock development
11 Gandamia Outlier of 10; of considerable scenic value Primarily for development for resident population (with some tourism)
12 Bore Main migration corridor for cattle W of the delta; To be kept open for migratory herds, with surface water developmentsut also, occasionally cultivated If feasible to hold cattle before entry to delta
13 Lake Korarou Area strategically situated between he delta and Requires survey to determine water and range potential before furtherGourma stock routes and grazing areas action is decided; could have high development potential
14 Lake Niangay Very arid area, but closely associated with Lake As 5 (though relatively more inaccessible)lNiangay and Inundated grasslands
15 West Gourma Wet season grazIng area of low and unreliable rainfall; Present land-use to be maintained and developed by new surface waterintegral part of the Gourms of the 6th Region supplies (especially to hold cattle longer en route to the delta)
16 NE Border As 15 Of uncertain but presumed low potential; to be evaluated in relationto neighbcring parts of the 6th Region
17 Douentza-Bombori Complex area, partially settled, partially grazed and Requires survey and subdivision before development opportunities/partially under bush; not greatly used by herds from delta requirements can be stated; an area of medium-low priority
la Seno Mango Underutilized wet season grazing area on consolidated Good opportunities for controlled grazing and possibly settlement indunes with knowr groundwater resources association with groundcvter development; requires detailed planning
19 East Seno Mango Natural extension of 18 but, of less certain ground For survey and possible development following development of 18water potential and less easy to admirister
20 South Gondo Area of moderate rainfall mostly under cultiva'ion/ For integrated agricultural/livestock development: some herds fromgrazing: borders Upper Volta. this area are likely to be accommodated in the Seno Mango (18)
21 West Gordo Mostly consolidated sand-dunes, partially cultivated; Presumably agriculture will predominate, but survey and furtheris subject to population overflow from 10 subdivision is needed
22 Ray 'Higv rainfall" area of the Gondo (700 (to), mostly Primarily for agricultural development but perhaps with opportunitiescultivated; borders Upper Volta (to be evaluiated) for ranching
ANNEX 2Page 1
M A L I
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Supply and Demand, Prices, and Taxation for Livestock and Meat
A. Supply and Demand
1. Supply. In 1970, total meat and offal production in Mali was esti-mated at 146,000 t, of which 84,000 t originated from cattle (635,000 head),48,000 t from sheep and goats (3.5 million head), 3,000 t from camels, 1,000 tfrom pigs and 10,000 t from poultry. Exports, including transit cattle fromMauritania, have more than doubled since 1960 and reached about 220,000 cattleand 210,000 sheep and goats in 1972, equivalent to 43,700 tons of meat andoffal, or about 30% of total production. Since 1972, however, the offtakefor both domestic consumption and exports has declined steadily by 5-10% perYear, and the 1973/74 drought resulted in an even greater decline, the fullextent of which is ncot yet known.
2. Cattle supply is being seriously affected by the drought. It iLSdifficult to predict, however, how herders will cope with this situation mndits effects during the next few years. On one hand, because of the greatimportance attached to cattle owning (para 2.24, main report), cattle ow.uerswill rebuild their herds as quickly as possible, thus selling fewer cattlethan previously, and even selling immature males to purchase females. Oiithe other hand, due to significantly increased cost of grain for human c.)n-sumption, they may be obliged to sell more cattle than would be expected,given the reduced hercl numbers. The number of mature males reaching themarket would thus be reduced during the next 5-10 years. However, as Ma:iistrives to develop its livestock industry and to increase grain producticn,1985 domestic cattle supplies may have increased by 10-20% over present rullbersprovided new catastrophic droughts do not occur.
3. Demand. 1970 estimates of meat and offal consumption are shown inTable 1, this Annex. A total national per capita consumption of 11 kg of beefand offal, and 21 kg of all forms of meat and offal, made Mali, after Nigerwith 23 kg, the second highest meat consumiing country in West Africa. Inaddition to this fairly high meat consumption, Malians ate some 11 kg of :'ishper capita, and thus the consumption of animal protein in Mali was the hijhastin Africa.
4. Since 1970, however, this favorable situation has changed, mainlydue to the drought. It is feared that available animal protein per capitahas declined by as much as one third. This decline is also due to a decreaEein real incomes, particularly within the Government work force, and to favor-able export conditions for livestock as well.
ANNEX 2Page 2
5. External factors strongly influence the livestock and meat situationin Mali. Increasing demand during the past decade by West African importingcountries, principally Ivory Coast and Ghana, has led to greatly increased ex-ports of Malian cattle, thus reducing domestic meat supplies. In recent years,exports to Ghana have declined due to high import taxes and, more importantly,the exchange rate changes which worked against the Malian seller. However,Ghana wants to increase its cattle imports and, with a per capita beef con-sumption of less than 4 kg per year, remains a large potential market for Mali.The Ivory Coast, with no import tax on cattle and no exchange difficulties,remains the most important market for Malian livestock, and exports to thismarket are expected to continue to increase. Mali's estimated exports, andtotal imports by Ghana and the Ivory Coast, are shown in Table 2, this Annex.
B. Prices of Cattle and Meat
Live Cattle
6. Free market forces determine the price of cattle. Animals suitablefor export - steers usually older than six to seven years, yielding 150-200 kgcarcass meat, and preferred because of their better ability to withstand thelong trek to consumer markets -- cost about 50% more per kilo than cull orlean cattle destined for local consumption. From 1970 to early 1974, exportcattle prices in the Mopti Region increased from about MF 25,000 per head toabout HF 40,000-45,000, an increase of about 70%. Prices of cull cows des-tined for local consumption decreased from M;F 15,000 in 1970 to a low ofEHF 8,000 in May 1973 (because of increased stress sales due to the drought),then increased substantially over the next nine months to MF 25,000. InJanuary 1974, livestock prices in the Mopti Region were as follows:
Category (kg/carcass) Purchase Price (1MF/kg)
Beef90 165-180130 220-260170 240-280190 260-300
Sheep9 230-250
10 260-29015 320-350
Goats10 220-24012 240-27014 260-280
ANNEX 2Page 3
Since 1970, prices for heifers and young breeding cows have more than doubled(from MF 10,000-12,000 per head to about MF 25,000) due to the intense demandfor breeding stock, reflecting the pastoralists effort to build their droughtreduced herds up as soon as possible.
7. Prices normally vary by as much as 30% over the year. This is;mainly due to changing supply conditions, but also to fluctuations in demandreflecting events such as Tabaski and Christmas and the sale of cash crops.Prices are lowest from October to March, due to poor condition of the cattletowards the end of the dry and the beginning of the rainy season; they peakin July/August due to the migration of herds away from the market at thebeginning of the rainy season. Prices increase steadily from the Saheltoward the major consumption areas in the south of Western Africa.
Meat
8. In accord with its policy of favoring low wages and low food prices,the Government has controlled retail prices since the mid-1960's. The Councilof Ministers periodically sets official levels for these prices in Bamako;these prices have been unchanged since early 1969, and were as follows in early1974:
Price (MF/kg)Actual
Type Category Official January 1974
Beef Special cut 400 750Boneless 350 600Meat with bones 275 400Meat with bones and offal 275 300
Sheep/Goat Leg 400 560Shoulder 350 450Meat with bones and offal 300 350
Elsewhere, local administrative committees (Commissions de cerele) deternineofficial prices; in Mopti, in early 1974, official prices were about 20%lower than in Bamako.
9. Given the increasing costs of live cattle and operating expensis,retailers would operate at a loss should they apply official retail priclts.Actual retail market prices, in Bamako and Mopti, range from 10% to 85%higher than official prices: 10% higher for meat with bones and offal ard30% higher for meat with bones, the most widely consumed carcass parts, ,'0%higher for boneless, and 85% higher for special cuts. Official prices ateeasy to circumvent since retail butchers have control over cutting standZirds,and for instance increase the proportion of bones and/or offal in consumerpurchases of mixed heaps.
10. Government policy is intended to deflate food price in urban arezs,and in essence it is based on the premise that the producer should subsidl2e
ANNEX 2Page 4
the urban consumer. In addition, controls can hinder the flow of good qualityanimals to local markets, specially during periods of limited supply, becauseretailers may hold back on purchases due to doubts concerning their ability tooperate at reasonable profit margins.
11e However, the disincentives to livestock producers stemming from meatprice controls are relatively low, since there are no export quotas for liveCattle. Therefore, Government controls result in indirectly encouraging ex-ports, as opposed to sales for domestic consumption. Government's restraintin enforcing the official retail prices also reduces the negative impact ofits pricing policies on livestock production.
12. The Government is aware that present price controls are not satis-factory. An FAO/ULNDP project (Mali 523) is presently assessing livestockand meat marketing. 0MBEVI is expected soon to submit recommendations toGovernment for changing the meat price controls. OMBEVI is expected to re-commend that official retail prices be increased to profitable levels.
13. Although livestock prices are not the most important incentive forMalian producers (Annex 1), project implementation would be facilitated byGovernment continuing its free export policy and easing, possibly removing,its retail price controls in favor of free market prices.
Economic Price for Beef
14. Lower quality live cattle, destined for domestic consumption,command only about two-thirds the price of higher quality export cattle.Since the project's aim is to improve the quality of cattle, irrespectiveof where final consumption takes place and since it seems certain that muchof the project production would be exported, it is therefore appropriate tobase the economic price of export quality cattle from the project on theborder value for live cattle. Table 3, this Annex, shows that the value ofan export quality beef animal (150 kg carcass-weight) is HF 338 per kg ofcarcass. To check w4hether this amount was consistent with the price conditionsof the regional market, a border economic value of MF 325 per kg, based on theDecember 1973 price for beef in Abidjan's African retail market for meat, wascomputed. An economic price rounded to MF 340 is therefore used in the economicanalysis for export quality cattle. Domestically consumed cattle are pricedat MF 200 per kg of carcass, while feeder steers for fattening in Mali's higherrainfall areas are priced at MF 250 per kg.
C. Taxation
15. There are three major taxes on livestock: (a) head tax, whichsince 1970 has been MF 1,300 per horse, MF 400 per cattle, and MF 70 per sheepor goat; (b) duties and taxes on the export of live animals, MF 7,000 on horsessince 1969, and MF 3,500 on cattle and MF 500 on sheep and goats since mid-1971;
ANNEX 2Page 5
and (c) slaughtering fees. These taxes contributed about 6% of totajl ublicrevenues in 1970-72 (Table 4). Together with other taxes and fees (butcher'sand cattle dealer's licences, etc.), the livestock subsector, in a 'rio-mallfyear, is probably contributing 8 - 10% of total public revenues, which isabout the same as the traditional rural sector's contribution.
16. The major problems facing livestock taxation are: (a) the d:.fficulityof assessing exact numbers and ownership of herds; (b) the fact that taxesare too many and a,ccrue to different budgets (for example, the head tax formsthe bulk of regional resources); (c) frequent and untimely changes in ratesand the creation oE additional taxes (for example, export taxes were morethan doubled in mid-1971, and a 2% ad valorem "Statistical tax" on exportswas created as of January 1972); (d) possible excessive taxation of exportsof live cattle; and (e) the short and long term impact of drought, whichforced Government to exempt livestock owners from per head taxes, the proceedsof which were replaced by FED grants in 1973 and 1974; frictions may verywell arise once this tax is again levied.
17. The project will finance a detailed taxation study, thus helpingthe Government to strengthen its tax policy for the livestock subsector andovercome the problems mentioned above.
ANNEX 2Table 1
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Beef Supply and Demand
Annual Meatl/ and Fish Consump io2/
5th Region National
Category Unit Urban3/ Rural Total Urba4- Rural Total
Population % 8 92 100 10 90 100
Beef
Per Capita kg 9.1 13.5 13.2 20 9 11Total '000 t 0.7 12.6 13.3 10 40 50
Sheep and Goats
Per Capita kg 8.0 7.5 7.6 7 11 10Total '000 t n.a. n.a. 7.7 n.a. n.a. 45
Total Meat
Per Capita kg 17.1 21.0 20.8 27 20 21Total '000 t n.a. n.a. 21.0 n.a. n.a. 95
Fish
Per Capita kg n.a. n.a. 30.0 n.a. n.a. 11Total '000 t n.a. n.a. 30.2 n.a. n.a. 50
1/ Includes offal, but excludes poultry which accounts for 1-2 kg per capita peryear.
2/ 1970 estimates.3/ Towns and cities over 5,000 inhabitants.
Source: "Projet de D4veloppement de l'Elevage dans la Region de Mopti";SEDES. - feasibility study, 1972.
June 26, 1974.
ANNE'.X 2Table 2
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Beef Supply and Demand
A. Destination of, Exnorted Malian Cattle in 1970 (Head)
Country Numbers Transit Cattle Totalfrom Mauritania
Ivory Coast 113,000 27,000 140,000
Ghana 31,000 - 31,OOC
Upper Volta 20,000 20,000
Niger 15,000 - 15,000
Liberia 8,000 1,000 9,000
Senegal 2,000 - 2,000
TOTAL 190,000 28,000 218,00)
B. Imports of Cattle from all Sources by Ghana and Ivory Coast (]lKed)
Year Ghana Ivory Coast
1966 61,000 101,0001967 58,000 119,0001968 47,000 164,0001969 70,000 172,0001970 61,000 198,0001971 58,000 n.a.1972 37,000 n.a.
Source: OMBEVI.
June 26, 1974.
N A 2 I
LTVBSTOCI PRWROCT
m S1PPIX AND DEUMID
Econt6mic Value of Export Beef (MF per Kg carcass)
A. Border Basis
Producer price of an export quality cattle in tbs5th Region (150 kg carcass weight at 1Y 250/kg) 37.500
Yarketiug and transport costs to foptl-Sivare masket 2,000lut.rsdiaries fees at Mopt±-Sivari market 200
DtieLs aud Expenses for expert:- Patent for ImportEpmort biness w- Export Permit 67- Export Tax 3,500- OMBEVI Tax 100- Sanitary Tax 350- Statistical Tax 800- General Turnover Tax 800 6,017
Transport costs frm Mopti-Sivar* market to borderincluding weight loss and foed &,ring transport -W°17
Total border value, liveeight
Border value per kg of carcass3L
B. Abidan Basis
Prioe of 150 kg/carcass beef, including fifthquarter, based on retail price of beef of African 90,000markets in Abidjan, December 1973.
Less Retailersk margin (25 %) 23,000
Valse ex-slaughterhouse 67000
Less: - Slaughter and Market Fees 3,600- Transport to Border 3,000- fmprter's Margin (20%) 12N0O
48S,800Border Value, linmeight
Border Value per k)g o carcass 325
Sept. 4, 1 97l
ANNEX 2Table 4
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Beef Supply and Demand
Major Taxes Paid by the Livestock Sector-(MF million)
1970 1971 1972 1973
Per Head Cattle TaxProjected 1,066 (312) 1,194 (312) 1,248 (339) 1,223 (340)Issued 1,192 (304) 1,171 (318) 1,213 (337) 1,275 (344)Recovered 1,063 (266) 1,097 (308) 1,147 (337) 7513/(n.a.)
Ex-port.Taxes and 4/Duties 166 158 342 327--
Statistical Tax - - n.a. n.a.
Sanitary Export Tax 42 (18) 46 (17) 36 (17) n.a. (16)
slaughter Tax 12 (2) 14 (4) 16 (4) n.a, (5)
TOTAL 1,283 1,315 1,541 n.a.
Total Public Revenue 21,559-/ 23,610- / 24,5052/ 20,22 5/
Total Livestock Taxesas % of PublicRevenues 5.9% 5.6% 6.3% n.a.
l/ Figures for 5th Region in brackets.2/ National and Regional Budgets; Development Taxes; Highway, Amortization aad
Stabilization Funds; and Commons. Figures taken from Direction Generale luPlan et de la Statistique, Rapport d'exe'cution du programme de redressemelateconomigue et financier 1970-1973, Dec. 1973.
3/ Eleven months.4/ Data on horses: 5 months only.5/ National and Regional Budgets and 11 months only.
Source: Halian authorities.
June 26, 1974
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
ODEM - Headquarters at Mopti-Sevare
Investment Costs(MF'OO)
Unit -----------Project Year------------ Foreign LocalCost 1 2 Total Exchange Costs Taxes
No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost 7/ % %Buildings and Construction
Administrative Office /1 35,000 1 35,000 - - I 35,000Staff House /2 16,000 1 16,000 - - 1 16,000Staff House T3 14,000 7 98,000 - - 7 98,000 (40) 74,000 (45) 83,250 (15) 27,750Staff House 7_ 7,000 2 14,000 - - 2 14,000Staff House /5 1,000 10 10,000 - - 10 10,000Workshop/Store /6 12,000 1 12,000 - - 1 12,000Water and ElectricitySupply /7 22,200 - - 22,200 (67) 14,874 (18) 3,996 (15) 3,330
Elaboration of Contracts& Supervision of Works /8 12,400 - - 12,400 (40) 4,960 (45) 5,580 (15) 1,860Furniture for Offices& Houses /9 30,000 - - 30,000 (40) 12,000 (45) 13,500 (15) 4,500External Fencing (km) 500 5 2,500 - - 2,500 (40) 1,000 (45) 1,125 (15) 375
Subtotal 252,100 - 252,100 106,834 107,451 37,815
Vehicles and EquipmentStaff Car /10 2,800 1 2,800 - 1 2,800 (67) 1,876 (8) 224 (25) 700Four Wheel Drive Vehicle /11 4,500 2 9,000 - - 2 9,000Four Wheel Drive Vehicle /12 3,800 5 19,000 - - 5 19,0000 (56) 16,688 (8) 2,384 (36) 10,728Van 1,800 1 1,800 - - 1 1,800Lorry - 5 t 6,200 2 12,400 - - 2 12,400Motobike 200 3 600 - - 3 600Stereoscope 450 1 450 1 450 2 900Cartographic Equipment 1,500 - 500 2,000 (67) 17,018 (8) 2,032 (25) 6,350Calculators 100 5 500 5 500 10 1,000Typewriters 100 5 500 5 500 10 1,000Radiotelephone /13 - - - 7,500 7,500Camping Equipment (set) 550 6 3,300 - - 6 3,300 (40) 1,320 (45) 1,485 (15) 495Workshop Equipment 2,000 - 1,000 3,000 (67) 2,010 (8) 240 (25) 750Miscellaneous Equipment 5,000 - 2,000 7.000 (50) 3.500 (35) 2.450 (15) 1,050
Subtotal 58,850 12,450 71,300 42,412 8,815 20,073
TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS 310,950 12,450 323,400 149,246 116,266 57,888
/1 350 m2at NF 100,000.
T2 With four bedrooms.7 With three bedrooms.14 For senior staff without families.5 For one accountant, two secretaries, four technical assistants, two cartographers, and one head-mechanic.
T7 200 m2
at NF 60,000.77 12% of construction costs; includes construction of one 50 m deep borehole at NF 100,000 per m, acquisition of a waterpump with a capacity of
15 m3per hour and a small water reservoir.
/8 6% of construction costs including water and electricity supply.77 Includes air-conditioners./10 Peugeot 404 or equivalent.711 Estate - long wheel base.
12 Pick-up - long wheel base.113 With five sets: one at Mopti, one at Bamako, two East and one Rest of the Delta.
April 26, 1974
ANNEX 3
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECI
ODEI - Headquarters at Mosi-Sevare
(MF' on0)
Unit … … … … …t-------------------- ------------------- Poj-ect Year_----------------------------------_----------------- __Cost 1 2 C 5 6-2n
No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost CostSalaries and WaRes 1.Cirentor 2,500 1 2,500 1 2,500 1 2,500 1 2,500 1 2,500 1 2,5(1Deputy Director 25,000 1 25,000 1 25,000 1 25,000 1 25,000 1 25,000 1 2,1100Planning and Masagement Ugit
- Range M.anagement Officer 20,000 1 20,000 20,000 l 20,000 1 20,000 1 2,000 1 2,000- Water Development Officer 20,000 1 20,000 1 20,000 1 20,000 1 20,000 1 2,000 1 ,0- Li.estock Econonist 2,000 1 2,000 : 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000 1 ,,0CO- Cornonity Dovelopment Officer 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000 1 2 000 1 2,000 1 2,000- Hoad of Marketing Servi-c 2,000 1 2,000 : 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000
Supporting Staff- Administrative Officer 2,000 1 2,000 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000_ Acco-ntant 1,500 1 1,500 : 1,500 1 1,500 1 1 500 1 1,500 1 1,500- Technical Assistant 1.300 2 2,600 5,200 4 5,200 4 5,200 4 5,200 4 5,200- Secretary 960 2 1,920 2 1,920 2 1,920 2 1,920 2 1,920 2 0,920- ClerklStorekeeper 6100 2 l,200 ' 2,400 4 2,400 4 2,400 4 2,400 4 2,402- Cartographers/Illustrators 600 1 600 1,200 2 1,200 2 1.200 2 1,200 2 1,200- Head Mechanic 720 1 720 720 1 720 1 720 1 720 1 720- Mechanic/Mason 610 2 1,220 2 1,220 2 1,220 2 1,220 2 1,220 1,220- Driver-Mechanic 400 11 4,400 l: 4,400 11 4,400 11 4,400 11 4,400 !1 4,400- Ltboree 's-ri 20 10 2 10 t ,600 Il Z,660 10 2,600 10 2,600 10 2,600 N 2,60C- Eerdsmen-In.tructor 20 10 200 20 400 20 400 20 400 20, 400 70 400- Speciali.' for 1-.nitorln-
n .ro ect I 2.000 O 2.000 1 2,000 1 2,000 1 2.000 1 2.N00
Subtotal 3,200 99,060 99,060 63,_60 40,560
ConsultantsMan Months /2 3,000 4 12,000 t 18,000 4 12,000 4 12,000
MaintenanceBuildings & Constr-ctious 13 - 10,500 10,500 10,500 10,500 10,5CO
Kunning Cost of VehiclesStaff Car /4 1,500 1 1,500 1 l,500 1 1,500 1 1,500 1 1,500 1 l,50(Ps-r Whe-l Drive Vehicle /5 1,875 7 13,125 7 13,125 7 13,125 7 13,125 7 13,125 ' 13,125Va- /6 1,000 1 1,000 1 1,000 1 1,000 1 1,000 1 1,000 I I,02'L-orr - i t /7 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000 1 7,00SMotrhike /3 100 3 300 3 300 3 300 3 300 3 300 3 31,0
Subtotal 17,925 17,925 17,925 17,925 17,925 17,9:!5
R.eplacenentVehicle- and Eqsipment /9 7,060 8,560 6,560 8,560 8,540 8,5t
Other Expess-sOffiMc Expenses 2,000 0,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,003lnternal Flights /lO 40 30 1,200 30 1,200 30 1,200 30 1,200 30 1,200 30 1,207lire of Helicopter or
Smnal Airplane (hour) 50 20 1,000 20 1,000 20 1,000 20 1,000Daily Allowances forBamako (11 6 150 900 150 900 150 900 150 900 150 900 150 900
Po-er and Water 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,001)Anditing 500 500 500 500 500 501Miscelaneoss /3 12,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,00(
Sebcotal 20,600 11,600 11,600 11,600 10,600 10,600
Funds for Livestock Credit Trials /12 30 - - Of 3.000 10 3,0O0 10 3X000 10 3,900 - -
TOTAL OPERATING COSTS 152.045 1684,65 162.645 162,645 113,64, o7,64:
/1 Includes field allowances and provision for medical, leave and other allowances./2 IOcludes international and internal air travel, field allowances and in-urances forta Geophysicist ( two months), a Water Catchsent
Design Engineer (two months), a Sociologist (two months) a Demographer (one =onth); an Agrostologist (one =ssnth),, an Aerial Censuer(sne month) and other specialists (nine meoths).
/3 5% of construction costs beginniog with year following constructionl eml1des elaboration of contracts, supervision of works andpurchase of furniture.
/4 25,000 kn/year at MF' 60 per km for fuel, oil, greens., spare parts, repairs and insurance./5 25,000 ks/ye-r at MF 75 per kn for lust, oil, grease, spare parts, repairs and insurance./6 20,000 kI/year at MF 50 per kt for fuel, oil, grease, spare parts, repairs and insurance./7 20,000 km/year at MI 100 per ks for fuel, oil, greas.e, spare parts, repairs and insurance./8 10,000 kI/year at MF 10 pee km for fuel, oil, grease, spare parts, repairs and insurance./9 200 of original cost beginning with year of acquisition./10 Mopti-Bamako-Mopti./11 For senior staff./12 Would be at the disposal of the Mopti Trial Station; based on lF 300,0O0 per farmer for up to 6 feeder steers, covered cattle yard, small
equip,nent and tools, fencing, pasture improvement, insecticides, drugs and minerals./13 Includes provision for renting staff dwellings in pY 1.
January 10, 1975
ANNEX 4Page 1
M A L I
LIVESTOCK PROJECTS
Livestock Extension and Grazing Control
1. The traditional rules which formerly governed cattle movements andthe duration of the grazing in each zone of the 5th Region (Annex 1) havesuffered in recent years due to increased population and livestock pressure,drought and decrease of traditional authority. Furthermore, past programsfor improving livestock production in the 5th Region, consisting mainly ofanimal health services and additional watering facilities, have failed toprovide any alternative means of grazing control. Yet a balance betweenlivestock numbers and range resources is critical in achieving maximum pro-duction from any pastoral resource, especially in the Sahel where the inev-itable result of overgrazing is rapid range deterioration and possible desertencroachment. While rehabilitation of degraded Sahelian pastures is possiblethrough very costly measures such as soil and water conservation works andtree planting, it is very costly and is no substitute for grazing control.
2. Grazing control is best effected through a combination of regulation,education and incentive. Regulation without education and incentive inevit-ably means largely unproductive confrontation between pastoralists and author-ities; while education alone produces its results too slowly. Thus, it isan essential feature of this project that direct investments in water develop-ment and animal health services would be complemented by an investment inODEM, a strong coordinating mechanism, with planning capability and an ex-ecutive function that includes an extension service, training and functionalliteracy programs for Peuhl pastoralists. Furthermore, the release of pro-ject funds for water development would follow a carefully planned and balancedinvestment program, to guard against the possibility that new water suppliesmight accentuate overgrazing and range deterioration.
3. Over most of the northern, lower rainfall area (250-400 mm/year),emphasis would be on seasonal surface water supplies rather than permanentwater. Since these supplies dry up during the course of each dry season,there is relatively little danger of overgrazing. Thus, up to 40 ponds wouldbe constructed or rehabilated in the wet-season grazing areas to the eastand west of the Niger Delta. These are intended primarily to spread thegrazing pressure and encourage herdsmen to delay their return to the dry-season grazing areas of the Delta. The latter strategy is necessary in orderto reduce overcrowding at the borders of the Delta and the conflict betweenfarmers and herdsmen which arises when cattle return to the Delta before therice harvest. The realization of this strategy would prevent crop damage andenable farmers to harvest at full crop maturity.
ANNEX 4Page 2
4. The only permanent water supplies recommended on or near the tradi-tional cattle migration routes are about 5 wells on the Mema/Delta sto':k route,to guarantee water supplies when surface supplies are short, and a siml;.arnumber of wells for a potential settlement area SE of Dioura. Precond-tionsfor their construction are described in the main text (para 4.17).
5. The main area for well development would be Seno Mango, an at:eaof nearly 500,000 ha with somewhat higher rainfall (averaging about 525=i/year), and a good stand of annual grass on consolidated sand, under a canopyof Combretum glutinosum and associated species. At present the area is onlyvery lightly grazed, due to lack of water, and the Government wishes to openit up as a controlled grazing area. The project would provide for the in-stallation of up to 60 wells, at an average depth of just under 60 m. Itis not yet known exactly how many livestock are in the Seno Mango and in itsneighborhood, nor has there been any dialogue between the Government and thepeople regarding forms of local participation and mechanics for grazing con-trol. Thus, prior to disbursement for well construction several studieswould have to be carried out (Annex 11, studies 1-3).
6. To avoid overgrazing, great importance would be laid on the intro-duction of forms of cooperative groups which give defined and increasingresponsibilities to the local people. A decision must await the outcome ofthe proposed socio-economic surveys and discussion with the people, but theaim, at least, should be to establish local organizations with as much statusand authority as is commensurate with the local situation. One possibility,as an immediate or medium-term objective, would be the establishment ofcooperatives.
7. The main purpose in seeking to organize the people into legall'constituted cooperative bodies, each with defined user rights for a spec:iftedunit of land, is to generate community responsibility for the management oEthe land and its resources. Whatever other provisions are incorporated(Government controls, extension services, etc.), there is no assurance ofpermanent control unless this internal responsibility is secured. Moreovel,until the communities concerned have clearly defined user rights, there i3no incentive for them to invest time and their own financial resources indevelopment; and until they are able to invest in the land, there is no g-eatlikelihood that substantially increased numbers of livestock will be forthi-coming for sale. CattlLe values are such that the sale of 1-2 animals peryear usually meets all the everyday cash requirements for a family, so th:Lt,unless there is an outlet for investment in the land (for water supplies,fencing, etc.) the only way of ensuring additional sales is by the levy o:taxes, which are unpleasant to pay and often difficult to collect.
8. Although it remains uncertain how exactly the Seno Mango will beorganized, there is no reason to suppose that a satisfactory decision willnot be reached. Provision for the required predevelopment studies is in-corporated in the project, alongside funds for the establishment of an ex-tension service in the form of the Pastoral Service. The latter would berepresented by 4 outposts in the Seno Mango, under the control of a distrii:t
ANNEX 4Page 3
headquarters at Douentza or Boni. It is further proposed that the stockingrate should be restricted to one animal unit per 10 hectares, compared withthe 2.8 hectares suggested as feasible for the Seno Mango by IEMVT.
9. Ten wells would be constructed west of the Delta (Map) to ensurea line of guaranteed water supply along the cattle migration routes betweenMema and the Delta and between the Sahel and the Delta. No permanentsettle-ment would be allowed in the vicinity of these wells with the exception ofthe three wells between Dioura and Kerke. Their construction would be precededby a detailed assessment of land capability for settlement and their use wouldbe supervised by the Pastoral Service applying the same strategies as in theSeno Mango.
10. Areas where seasonal and permanent watering facilities would bedeveloped cover, however, only about 20% of the 5th Region; the remaining80% is too little known to allow grazing control measures and investments tobe specified at this stage. One of the main tasks of ODEM would be to elaboratesuch measures for the whole of the 5th Region. For this purpose, the firststep would be to subdivide the Region into distinct "Development Areas,"based on a study of ecological and socioeconomic development opportunitiesand requirements (Annex 11, Study 13). A tentative list of such areas isgiven in Annex 1, Chart 1. Most could be developed like the Seno Mango area,since they have reliable dry-season grazing; in other cases the herd wouldneed to obtain assured access to a well determined dry-season grazing areain the Delta. All "Development Areas," however, would have in common thatthey were intertribally acceptable; fitted into the present land use pattern;and contain sufficient watering points.
11. The introduction of efficient grazing control on a large scale willbe difficult, due to the harsh environment, remoteness and poor infrastructureof the 5th Region. In addition, the pastoralists will be suspicious of Govern-ment interference and skeptical of the benefits to them. On the other hand,they have been seriously afflicted by the recent droughts and should now bemore receptive than ever to innovations.
1/ Boudet, G. (1972) Project de Developpement de l'Elevage dans la Regionde Mopti (Republique du Mali). Etude agrostologique. Institut d'Elevageet de Medicine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux. Maisons Alfort, France.
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
ODEM - Pastor-l Servfre
Ineesttent and OperatiLt Costs(HP I 001)
----- , _________-___-______----------------_____Project Ysar.-----------------Unit 1 2 3 4 5-20 Total Foreign Local
Cost No. Cost No. Coet No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost E5-hanh- Costs Tsxes
A. Isvest-net CostsBuildinRs nsd Cosctr-"too's
Extension Posts /1 8,000 2 16,000 - _ 2 16,000 - - - 4 32,000 (40) 12,800 (45) 14,400 (15) 4,800
Extension Outputs /2 6,410 3 19,200 3 19,200 2 12,800 - - 8 51,200 (40) 20,480 (45) 23,040 (14) 7,680
Wells 13 20.560 _ - 3 61,680 - - 61,680 (70) 43,176 (15) 9,252 (15) 9,252
Subtotal 35,200 80,880 28,800 144,880 76,456 46,692 21,732
Vehsicles. Horses snd EquiprsentPoor Wheel Orive Vehicle L4 3,800 3 11,400 - - 2 7,600 - _ _ - 5 19,000 (56) 10,640 (8) 1,520 (36) 6,840
Lorry - 3t 4,700 3 14,100 -_ _ _ _ 3 14,100 (67) 9,447 (a) 1,128 (25) 3.525
Fire Control U-it L5 8,000 - - - - 2 16,000 - - - - 2 16,000 (67) 10,720 (8) 1,280 (25) 4,000
Mlotobike 200 C 1,200 3 600 6 1,200 - - - - 1 3.000 (67) 2.010 (8) 240 (25) 750
C;s-piog lqoSpoert (Sets) 550 3 1,650 - - 3 1,650 - _ - 6 3,300 (40) 1,320 (45) 1,485 (15) 495
llor-es snd Ta-k 50 i0 500 6 300 4 200 - - - - 20 1,000 - (100) 1,000
Sob tot'l, 9-_____ ___000 2~6_650 .,4- 36 6, 13
Total Io-vest._Ot Cos F _565450 so - 81.80 110_59 _ 5 53 4
Herd of Serv-ic L7 2,00 1 2,000 2,000 1 2,000 2,000
Extension Gffirer /7 1S00 2 3,000 2 3,000 4 6,00G 4 6,000 4 ;.Q7
Ar-sior.t rotesuion Officer 78 1 ,30v 6 7,800 9 11,700. 11 14S3Od 11 14,300 11 - _ * '
Extension Asslstant L9 720 6 4,320 12 8,640 20 14,400 24 17,280 24 .i1
Cle,k/Storslcpere 600 3 1,900 3 1.800 3 1,901. 3 1,800 3 jf)$n
Driver - Mechsnic 400 6 2,40(0 6 2,400 10 4,000 10 4,000 10 4,000
l.aborer /Guard 260 5 1,300 8 2,080 12 3,120 12 3,120 12 3,120
Subtotal 22,620 31,620 45,620 48,500 48,500
MaintenanreBuildin5e /0 _ 1 760 72 __ 4,160 4.160
RssoossL C V i nd HoraeeFoor Wh.eel DrCe Vobijl/ Ei 1,875 3 5,625 3 5,625 5 9,375 5 9,375 5 9,375
Lorry /12 1,800 3 5,400 3 5,400 5 9,000 5 9,000 5 9,000
Fire Control unit /13 1,600 - 2 2 3,200 2 3,200 2 3,200
Motobike /14 100 6 600 9 900 15 1,500 15 1,500 15 1,500
Horses 20 10 200 16 320 20 400 20 400 20 400
ISolLotAl l 711,5 12.245 23,475 23,47 23,475
Vehiclet, U---or- rd Fquopr-oet /15 __ _.770 _______ ,,511n280 1280 '1.20
,enerol ad,stsat,soro ____ ___ __ 1.0 1_500 2,50 _ 2.500 _ _ 500
Total Op,rotiog Coors ___ 4T.7.5 _. _____5 5_, _ 89,913
TOIAI. lNVESl'1101T ANT OPEiATINC COSTS _ _ 105,765 134,855 1_41,045 89,915
Coosists of a steple 100 m2
buildlng t MPP 80,000 per m2; 2 pots at Di--o- ad Do.est.a in PYI and 2 poets at Dje-oe sod possibly Mondoru in PY3. Each post is staffed by 1 Natetnion Officrt .od either 1 Assit.ant Extenelou Offirer
end one Cler1Storekreper (Dioura and D...stos) or 2 Osteooior Aseistants (Dienne sod Mondoro)., Eeh post has one four wheel drive vehicle, 1 3t-lorry (eoept Doenoe) and one motobile.
/2 Coiu sto of a arple 80 m2
bhilding er MF 00,000 per m2; 3 port in Sen0 Mango in PYI; I pot in Seno Mpno, 1 at Kone snd I West of the DNits in PY2; cnd 2 West ef the Dalts is PY3; each - -tposl is staffed by I Asst-soot fotoniron
Offi0er and 2 Exteosion A-sistanti, with motobikes/hortes as npproprioto.
t3 Wells for remote outposts (sboot 20 w deep).4 Long Wheel Base - Pich-up.5 Consists of a 2 t four wheel driven track w th a mounted 2000 I water tLok and a sprayer; would also soroe for dliitribtion of Acatia Albida saplings.
76 Includes field allowances cod pre-iaion for medical, lcae and other lowoces..rl
7 Would be sn Ingenieur des Scienres Appliq-es at ODtl HQ'.s bOth 1 Asssit-st Extension Officer, I Clerk/Storekeeper, I four wheol drive vehitle, I lorry and I motobike ). tM
/8 World bh Liv-stotk Assistats. t
79 Wo-ld bh Infirmier Veterinaire.10 57. of construction costs of extension posts snd exteosion outposts beginning with year following coostrartion; 2.5% of .o.struction .oass of wells beginning with ye-r 10 folloing .o.struction,
/02 20000 kb/-ear t 00 kmh for foel, oil. aroase. spare sorts. reo cod inaurance.
713 20,000 ksa/year at MF 80 per kh for foal, oil, grease, spare parts, repsirs ond Cnsuranre.
/14 10,000 km/year at MF 10 per kh for fuel, oil, grease, spore ports, ropairs snd issurasce./I5 20°. of original root beginning with your of acq.iSitios,
J--osry 10, 1975
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Rehabilitation and Establishment of 10 Tree-Nurseries 1/
Investment and Operating Costs(MF' 000)
---- Project Year-------------------Unit 1 2 3-20 TotalCost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost
A. Investment CostsSmall Store 1,000 8 8,000 2 2,000 - - 10 10,000Fencing 200 8 1,600 2 400 - - 10 2,000Water Handpump 50 8 400 2 100 - - 10 500Miscellaneous Equipmentand Tools 150 8 1,200 2 300 - - 10 1,500
Seed and Fertilizer 100 8 800 2 200 - - 10 _ 1,000
Total Investment Costs 12,000 3,000 - 15,000
B. Operating CostsLaborer 260 24 6,240 30 7,800 30 7,800Laborer (seasonal) /2 70 - - 24 1,680 30 2,100Guard 260 8 2,080 10 2,600 10 2,600Miscellaneous /3 1,210 1.250
Total Operating Costs 9 150 13,290 13,750
TOTAL INVESTMENT ANDOPERATING COSTS 2L150 16 290 134750
/1 1 ha per tree-nursery, with a production capacity of 10,000-15,000 saplings per year. XDOne would be established at each of the 8 district cities in PY 1 and two in the Seno Mango in PY 2./2 During July, August and September, the time of transplanting saplings./3 10% of operating costs.
January 10, 1975
MALT
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
ODEM - Animal Health Services
Invgstment Costs(MF'000O
Project Year ------ Foreigi Local
Unit Assets 1 2 Total Exchange Costs Taxes
Investment Costs Cost Taken Over No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost % % %
Buildings and ConstructionVeterinary Post /1 8,000 100,000 - - 3 24,000 3 24,000 (40) 9,600 (45) 10,800 (15) 3,600
Vaccination Yard 72 1,200 40,000 10 12,000 - - 10 12,000 (55) 6,600 (25) 3,000 (20) 2,400
Cattle Dip /3 7.500 - 5 37,500 5 37,500 (45) 16,875 (40) 15,000 (15) 5,625
Subtotal 140,000 12,000 61,500 73,500 33,075 28,800 11,625
Vehicles and EquipmentFour Wheel Drive Vehicle /4 3,800 8 30,400 - - 8 30,400 (56) 17,024 (8) 2,432 (36) 10,944
Lorry - 3 t 4,700 8 37,600 - - 8 37,600 (67) 25,192 (8) 3,008 (25) 9,400
Motobike 200 30 6,000 - - 30 6,000 (67) 4,020 (8) 480 (25) 1,500
Motor Boat /5 2,000 4 8,000 - - 4 8,000 (56) 4,480 (19) 1,520 (25) 2,000
Freezer (Kerosine) 230 24 5,520 - - 24 5,520 (67) 3,698 (8) 442 (25) 1,380
Ice Box 20 48 960 - - 48 960 (10) 96 (75) 720 (15) 144
Veterinary and LaboratoryEquipment - 1,000 - 1,000 2,000 (67) 1,340 (8) 160 (25) 500
Miscellaneous 1,000 _ 1,000 2,000 (40) 800 (50) 1,000 (10) 200
Subtotal 90.480 2,000 92,480 56,650 9,762 26,068
TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS 102,480 63,500 165,980 89,725 38,562 37,693
/1 Consist of a simple 100 m2 building; one at Baye, one at Konio and one at Toguere.
T2 West of the Delta at Doungoura, Gueledie, Dondawel, Gniminiama, Tiekoye, Tohi, Kassa, Diakouri, Kouli and Tamara.
71 Three in Seno Mango and two South of Dioura./4 Long Wheel Base - Pick up.71 Metal Boat with a 25 HP outboard engine for Niafounke, Tenenkou, Mopti and Djenne.
April 30, 1974
ANS'dE 5Table 2
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
OD0- Anima.l Reslth 3e.vices
Operating Costs(9W '400)
- ----------------------------------------------- rrtjeet Yar_Unit 1 2 3 4 5-20
Operatinl,g Coats Cast No. Cast No. Cost No. Coat No. Cost No. CootSalaries and Wages 11
Head of Service 2,000 1 Z,000 I 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000Veterinary Officer 1,940 2 3,880 2 3.880 2 3,880 2 3,880 2 3,880Liv-stoak Offi- /2 1,500 1 1,500 1 1,50o 1 1,500 1 1,500 1 1,500Aasistant Liveatock Offioer /3 1,300 19 24,700 19 24,700 22 28,600 22 28,600 22 28,600Animal Health A-sistant /4 720 47 33,840 47 33,840 53 38,160 53 38,160 53 38,160Vaccinator 380 30 11,400 30 11,400 30 11,400 30 11.400 30 00,400V oaciator (eseasonl) /5 220 30 6,600 30 6,600 30 6,600 30 6,600 30 6,600Clerk/Stor-keeper 600 3 1,800 3 1,8O0 3 1,800 3 1,800 3 1,800Oriver-MochAooo 400 16 6,400 16 6,400 16 6,400 16 6,400 16 6,400Boat=an 400 4 1,600 4 1,600 4 1,600 4 1,600 4 1,600Laohrer 260 30 7.800 30 7,S00 36 9,360 36 9J360 36 9.360
SOvbtotol 101,520 101,520 111.300 111,300 111,300
MaintenaoncBiildiigo oad Co-struction /6 6,000 6.300 8,440 8.440 8.440
Running Costs of VeAiclesAnd Equ ipment
Foar WhAel Drive eAhiole /7 1,875 8 15,000 8 15,000 8 15,000 a 15,000 8 15,000Lorry - 5 t /8 1,800 8 14,400 8 14,400 8 14,400 8 14,400 8 14,400Motobike /9 100 30 3,000 30 3,000 30 3,000 30 3,000 30 3,000Motor Boat /10 900 4 3,600 4 3,600 4 3,600 4 3,600 4 3,600Freerer /11 80 24 1,920 24 1,920 24 1,920 24 1,920 24 1,920Niscellanepus 2.000 2.000 2,000 2.000 2,000
Subtotal 39,920 39,920 39,920 39,920 39,920
Repl-a-emtVAhicles oad Equipment /12 18,100 18,500 18,500 18.500 18.500
Vcacines /13Rioderpest MF 12/dose 1,400,000 16,800 1,500,000 18,000 1,600,000 19,200 800,000 9,600 800,000 9,600CRPP /14 20/ 1,400,000 28,000 1,500,000 30,000 1,600,000 32 000 Z,600,000 32_000 _
6 0 0:
0 0 032,000
Aothrax/Blaokleg " 2/ 200,000 2,400 200,000 2,400 !zo,oO ~ 6 8 ,0,0 7T0 80,000 9607 /15B-vine Haemorrhagic 8eptioaemia " 12/ " 200,000 2,400 200,000 2,400 140,000 480 60,000 720 80,000 9601Ovi-e H-emorrAhgic Septioaenia 12/ 250,000 3.000 250.000 3.000 !50o000 600 75.000 900 100,000 1,2001
Subtortl 52,600 55,800 52,760 43,940 44,7201
Drugs and MedicanentsFoe Helminths MY 60/dana 100,000 6,000 135,000 8,100 127,000 1,620 40,500 2,430 54,000 3,2401Fta Liverfluke 95/ 30,000 2,850 50,000 4,750 110,000 950 15,000 1,430 20,000 1,900tFoe Tryposomasis" 70/ " 30,000 2,100 50,000 3,500 10,000 700 15,000 1,050 20,000 1,400!Insecticides 1,200/L 4,000 4,800 7,000 8,400 i 3,000 3,600 3,500 4,200 4,000 4,000Hisoaolaneoao 00000 Drug
and Medicaments 1,550 2, 000 2.000 2.000 2.
Sbhtotal 17,250 26,750 t8,70 11,110 13,340!
Minoral Olacks /16 MF 100/black 100,000 10.000 150,000 15,000 60.000 6,000 75.000 7.500 90.000 9,000
General Afdinistration 3,000 50000 ,000 5,000
TOTAL OPERATING COSTS 248 390 268.790 250.790 245,710 240,220
XI 7ncludes field ollaoances and provisioos fot m-dical, leave and 0ther allowances./2 Wooul Ae an 7ngeoori- des SBiesces Appliqaees./3 Would b4 Aasistaet- d'Elea-ge.14 Would be Infir-i-rs Veterinaires./5 S-ven months per yeae./6 5% at -onstruction costs of Veterina-y Poats and of buildingt take- over (estimatnd at MF 100 million) and 2.5% of co.straction costs of Vaccnation
Yards a-d Cattle Dip. afd of constraction toke- 0000 (e-timated at MF 40 million) Aeginning 0ith year f1o1oui.g construction./7 25,000 ho Her y-ar at MY 75 pee kA for foal, oil, grease, spore parta, repairo a-d i.s.r.an.t8 20,000 kA poe yaea at MF 90 per kr fo- fneS, oil, grease, apare p-rto, repair- ond insuraece./9 10,000 km per year at MF 10 pee ke foe foal, oil, gr--se, spaee ports, r-pairs and insaranoe./10 500 haors per year at MY 2,B00 pee hoar for fuel-oil (Lxtuitr 3:1), grease, spare parts and epaits./11 For ketosi-e and repairs./12 20% of original casts beginning with year of acqaision./13 Based on prie- of Dakoe-prod-aod vcaci-es./04 Caotagious Bo-ine Pleuo-pn-onto./15 Costs enterefd i this re-taogle are assumed to be ohorged to the Lisi-took oers.Tt6 Will be prod-ced in Mali.
January 10. 1975
MM,EX 6Page 1
M A L I
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Construction of Watering Facilities
A. Background
1. The 5th Region can be divided into six hydrological units (Chart 1,this Annex). With the exception of the areas east of Seno Mango and southof Dioura, the hydrology of the Region is fairly well known. Data on surfacehiydrology (run-off, flood volume, evaporation) is contained in the two ORSTOM 1/reports on the "Experimental Watersheds of Tin Adjar (Gourma) and Koumaya(Mopti Region).` Krnowledge of subsurface water varies: the Dioura regionis covered by the hydrological map of Western Sudan by Roure (1957); theBandiagara Plateau is partly covered.by Defossez's thesis (1962); the westernGourma region is covered by both Defossez and Reichelt (1971), though in--sufficient for carrying out catchment works without preliminary studies; theGondo plain is again covered by Defossez's thesis and also by the reports ofthe Mali Subsurface Water Project (UNDP, 1971).
B. Construction of Surface Watering Facilities
2. Many natural and man-made ponds are already in use in the gra:;ingareas and along transhumance routes of the 5th Region. They are used diiringthe rainy season and at the beginning of the dry season until they dry Dp,generally in November-January. They are much appreciated by the pastor.alistsbecause they enable livestock to be watered without requiring manpower fordrawing water. Deepening natural ponds by 1 or 2 meters or building sm:..lldownstream dams is undertaken spontaneously by the local populations. Deep-ening of 16 natural ponds was also financed by FED west of the Niger de:tta.The construction of dams, making possible the storage of more water for elualinvestmLent, is economically more attractive than the deepening of natural ponds,but in practice, the choice of technique to be adopted must be made in 1:enmsof the conditions of each site. Thus, the construction of surface wateringfacilities should be organized as follows:
(a) Selection of the site in the light of the needs for waterand the future use of the pond.
(b) Determination of the run-off and volume of water availablefor filling the pond, the volume of soil to be excavated, and
1/ ORSTOM: Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-Me,f
ANNEX 6Page 2
of the evaporation; choice of construction technique(deepening and/or dam).
(c) Reconnaissance borings (to an average depth of 5 m), includingthe examination and interpretation of the cores and permeabilitytests.
(d) Topographic survey and planning, followed by the measurementand staking out of the works to be carried out.
(e) For each new pond 5,000 m3 of earth would be moved on average,and deposited at least 150 m from the edge of the pond on theside facing the prevailing winds (for an average pond of 1,500 m2
area, this volume corresponds to a depth of about 1.5 m atthe center with a slope of 1/10). For each old pond about2,500 m3 of earth would be moved. In some cases part of theexcavated earth would be transported downstream for buildinga compacted earth dam.
3. Under the project up to 50 ponds would be rehabilitated orconstructed (Map):
East of the Delta
- West Gourma: up to 15 new ponds.
- Batouma - Bore: about 3 new ponds.
West of the Delta
- Along existing stock routes: rehabilitation of 10 ponds originallybuilt with FED funds.
- Southeast Mema: up to 10 new ponds.
- West of Dioura: about 3 new ponds.
- Southwest of Dioura: up to 9 new ponds.
4. The preliminary construction work of the ponds would be done by:
- consultant hydrologist (3 months in the field and 2 months office work);
- complete topographic team, with materials supplied by theRural Engineering Department (3 months field);
- 1 team composed of a foreman and 4 workers equipped with manualsoil augers and the material needed for digging wells 1.5 to2 m deep, supplied by the Rural Engineering Department (3 monthsfield); and
ANNEX 6Page 3
1 draughtsman responsible for recording the topographic sunreyson a site plan (2 months office).
5. The release of project funds for pond construction would be care-fully controlled in order to ensure maximum benefit and minimum danger ofovergrazing. Thus, preconditions for their construction would be:
(a) The siting of new ponds would be preceded by an assessmentby ODEM of grazing conditions, livestock numbers, livestockmovement patterns and present water availability over thegrazing areas concerned;
(b) New ponds would be built and old ones rehabilitated onlywhere grazing is adequate for additional livestock;
(c) Each new or rehabilitated pond would be designed individuallyin accordance with topography, soil, pasture, livestock num1jersand season of use;
(d) Pond size, calculated on the basis of rainfall probabilityand catchment yield, would only allow permanent water duringtwo years out of 10; and
(e) Each new pond site would complement existing water suppliesin the same grazing area or on the same stock route.
6. The ponds would be constructed by the Rural Engineering Depar!:ment,operating with the heavy equipment listed in Appendix 7 to be based first atNiono, later at Douentza. This equipment is being financed by the AfricvanDevelopment Bank (ADB). Including transportation, construction with tli.smaterial would require an average of 10 days to construct one new pond.Construction of the 32 ponds in the west of the Delta would therefore :ake8 months; and construction of the 18 ponds in the east of the Delta wolildtake 6 months. Supervision of the work would be done by the ODEM Watei-Development Officer with the possible assistance of a consultant hydro;;eologisl:.
7. Although ponds are cheap in comparison with the construction costof wells and bore-holes, they have high maintenance costs as about eve3y 5thyear about 1,000 m3 earth must be excavated per pond. The Rural EngineeringDepartment would be made responsible for maintaining the ponds.
C. Construction of Wells
8. Up to sixty wells, 35-70 m deep, would be constructed in the ienoMango, and up to ten wells, 25-65 m deep, would be constructed along stockroutes west of the Delta to provide permanent water. As mechanical pumping
ANNEX 6Pages 4
or water drawing by animals is too expensive and relatively complicated,manual water lifting would be used. This fixes the maximum depth to waterat about 60 m, the limit for manual water lifting. The speed at which watercan be lifted manually also provides insurance that would limit overgrazing,as this system allows watering of not more than about 1,000 animal units perday.
9. Data available on the west of the Delta and in the Seno Mango makeit possible to construct wells in these localities without additional largescale studies. However, preparatory work would be required for the exactlocation of each well and the construction program would be carried out inthe following order:
(a) Selection of well sites from the point of view of sociological,pastoral, and management conditions;
(b) Inventory of already existing wells around the site to beequipped;
(c) A study of the "dry overlap" (for wells situated northand south of Dioura) by geophysical methods; and
(d) Supervision of works during construction, including decisionto stop construction works through carrying out radial orvertical borings and trial pumping.
10. The preliminary work for construction of the wells would be carriedout by:
- 1 consultant hydrogeologist (2 months field); and
- 1 geophysical team composed of an engineer-geophysicist, anassistant geophysicist, a Malian assistant geophysicist and10 laborers; the geophysicist team would be required for 3months and would be selected under international competitivebidding (terms of reference, Appendix 2). The geophysicalstudies would be carried out only to the extent that oneor more of the 10 wells provided for the west of the Deltaare found in one of the three zones of "dry overlap." Thedecision to undertake these studies would not be made by theODEM Water Development Officer until the wells have beensited in coordination with the ODEM-Range Management Officer.
11. The construction of the wells must be to very precise specifications.To that end the call for tender and the contracts would be prepared by ODEM'sWater Development Officer, assisted, if necessary, by a consultant. Thefollowing points would be included in the documents:
(a) Wells would be built of reinforced concrete with moulds ofa diameter of 1.8 m. The concrete line would be anchored every
ANNEX 6Page 5
8-10 m, 0.30 m deep in the soil. In the aquifer the line Di,strainer-equipped pipes of a diameter of 1.4 m would be l10Neredby caisson to 4 to 7 m; it would be covered with a pipe of thesame diameter by telescoping the casing.
(b) Filter gravel, calibrated to the granulometry of the soiltraversed, would be put around the strainer-equipped pipes andwould fill the bottom of the well for 0.50 m. Greatest atl:entionwould be given to the catchment part of the well. In Cont:.nentalTerminal (a relatively little permeable formation), an attvimptwould be made to catch the highest possible aquifer and toselect a diameter of opening of the screens and the granulometryof the gravel so as to obtain flows of at least 6 m3 /hour.This yield of 6 m3 /hour would be the flow for acceptance ofthe works.
(c) In the Seno Mango, it would, most likely, not be necessary tostrain the wells as the rocky substratum does not easily crumble.The decision to use the wells with or without anchoring pipeswould be made by ODEM's Water Development Officer.
(d) In the Seno Mango, as some wells reach the rocky substratum,a decision would have to be made by ODEM's Water DevelopmentOfficer whether or not to sink the wells deeper in order toreach possible waterbearing fissures. In some cases, welldigging would be stopped and borings would continue severalmeters with the aid of pneumatic hammers. It would also bepossible to continue the well by boring with a hammer-drilla quick and cheap technique. These methods would only beused in cases where the aquifer is confined, which willrequire a precise knowledge by the hydrogeologist of thedepth of the water level. The cost of such additional workis included in the physical contingencies.
(e) A pumping test of six hours at the minimum acceptance yield of6 m3/hour would be carried out. The pumping rotations mustbe compatible with the future well use. This test will ser"efor work acceptance.
(f) The surface installations would include a 1 m high curbston.:of reinfcrced concrete surrounded by a reinforced concreteslab of 6 m in diameter to prevent mire and 4 basins ofreinforced concrete with the internal dimensions of 0.40 x (1.60 x0.60 m, The basins would be connected by stainless steelpipes of 2-1/2" diameter with 4 reinforced concrete troughsplaced 5 m distant from the edge of the well and havinginternal dimensions of 4.50 x 0.80 x 0.30 m. The curbstonewould make it possible to install 6 wooden forks bearing thepulleys used for lowering and raising "delous" (water sack)by manual or animal traction.
ANNEX 6Page 6
12. Construction of the wells would be carried out by force account bythe Hydraulical Department of the Ministry of Public Works (10 wells in thewest of the Delta and 20 wells in Seno Mango) and by a contractor (40 wellsin Seno Mango).
Well Construction by Force Account
13. The project would finance the establishment and operation for threeyears of 10 teams of Operation Wells distributed as follows:
- 3 new teams at Koro, representing a "sector";
- 1 additional team at Bankass; and
- 3 additional teams at Niono and 3 at Douentza.
Details of the buildings, furniture, technical equipment, vehicles, consumablematerials, personnel costs of these teams is given in Appendix 6.
14. The expected output per team is 80 m of well per year completelyequipped in soft earth or 60 m in semihard earth or 40 m in hard earth. Be-yond 50 m depth the output diminishes by 25 percent. On this basis, 30 wells-- representing 1,520 m in the Continental Terminal and 130 m in the rockysubstratum, of which 240 are beyond 50 m -- would be carried out by the10 teams in 2-1/2 years. Taking contingencies into account, the projectwould therefore take 3 years.
Well Construction by Contractor
15. It is expected that the construction of the 40 wells -- representing2,080 m in the Continental Terminal and 305 m in the substratum -- would becompleted in two years. This would require five well construction teams oper-ating simultaneously.
16. The ODEM Water Development Officer would supervise the constructionof all 70 wells, assisted, if necessary, by a consultant hydrogeologist.Operation Wells would be made responsible for well maintenance work, startingin PY 10.
ANNEX .
Append:ix 1Page 1
CONSTRUCTION OF WATERING FACILITIES
PREPARATORY WORK FOR POND CONSTRUCTION
Terms of Reference
1. The areas to be developed with surface water would be selected byODEM staff, but an expert consultant in surface water hydrology would beneeded to draw plans for pond construction in the light of local conditions,with particular reference to the surface topography of watersheds and thenature of the alluvia of pond-bottoms. The expert should have at least 10years' experience, not less than 5 of them in Africa.
Description of the Work
2. The consultant would be responsible for locating sites for ponddevelopment either by deepening or by damming natural ponds (the 2 techniquesmay be combined). For each pond site he would specify:
-, the volume of earth to be moved;
- the dimensions of the ditch to be dug (staked out on the land);
- the facilities to be provided for access to the pond;
- the nature, thickness and permeability of the clayey alluviaat the bottom of the pond;
- possibly the characteristics of a downstream dam;
- the estimated volume of water in an average year, a dry yea:and a rainy year, with the probabilities of filling;
- the site for depositing excavated material; and
- the time required for the development work.
The expert would be assisted by:
- a team of surveyors from the Rural Engineering Departmentwho will stake out the ponds;
- a team from The Rural Engineering Department for reconnaissaliceboreholes which would carry out an average of 5 boreholes,1.5 to 2 m deep, at the bottom of each pond; and
- the ODEM Water Development Officer who would determine soiland geologic characteristics of the alluvia.
3. Time Required: Three months.
ANNEX 6Appendix 2Page 1
CONSTRUCTION OF WATERING FACILITIES
PREPARATORY WORK FOR WELL CONSTRUCTION WEST OF THE DELTA
Terms of Reference
1. The construction of 10 wells west of the Niger Delta may make itnecessary to specify: (a) the limits of 2 zones of "dry overlaps" of theContinental Tertanal around the underground relief of substrata north andsouth of Sioura, (b) the topography of the pre-Cambrian substratum under theC.T. around the village of Petal.
2. The assistance is required of (a) a hydrogeologist with about 10years of experience, half of which would be in Africa, and (b) a geophysicalteam composed of an engineer geophysicist with about 10 years of professionalexperience, partly in Africa, and an expatriate assistant geophysicist. TheMali Department of Hydraulics and Energy would make a Malian assistant geo-physicist available to the team.
3. The geophysical team would be provided with the material necessaryfor carrying out electric prospecting by the Schlumberger method (electricsoundings) and prospecting by seismic refraction (12-channel apparatus),inclusive of vehicles, radio apparatus and explosives. ODEM would obtainfrom the Government the authorizations for temporary admission of the material,for purchase and handling of explosives and for using radio equipment.
4. Description of the Work
4.1 Hydrogeology: the following would be undertaken: inventory ofwells, geological sections of wells, siting of geophysical profiles; inter-pretation of measurements in collaboration with the geophysicist.
4.2 Geophysics: (a) "Dry overlap' zones: execution of it profiles (each8 km long and 1 km apart) by electric soundings in AB = 400 m &;ery km. Elec-tric soundings with a smaller grid would be carried out in zones consideredinteresting or presenting particular problems. After two of the electricsounding profiles, seismic refraction profiles would be carried out. Thecalibration would be done by reference to wells in the area. Number of stepsanticipated: 50 electric soundings in AB = 400 m on a 16 km seismic refractionprofile. (b) Petal well: the requirement is 25 electric soundings in AB200 to 300 m or a grid of 3 km x 3 km around the Petal well, plus 2 seismicrefraction profiles following the electric sounding profiles, and calibrationon the Petal well and surrounding wells. Number of steps anticipated: 25electric soundings on AB = 200 to 300 m + 10 km of seismic refraction profile.
ANNEX 6Appendix 2Page 2
5. Documents to be Furnished:
(a) Interpretation report;
(b) Maps of the substratum topography (isobaths) and maps o;:thickness of the C.T. (isopacks);
(c) Electric cross sections interpreted along theelectric profiles;
(d) Seismic cross sections interpreted along seismicprofiles of the centers of irresistivity; and
(e) Isoresistivity map.
6. Time Requi.red: Two months for hydrogeologist; andtwo months for geophysical team.
ANNEX 6Appendix 3
CONSTRUCTION OF WATERING FACILITIES
TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE HYDROGEOLOGIST TOSUPERVISE THE WELL CONSTRUCTION
1. The construction of wells would take a total of 3 dry seasons. Upto 15 teams would be working at the same time at sites far away from eachother. Therefore, funds are included in this project to allow ODEM to draw,if necessary, for the services of consultant hydrogeologists of differentlevels for supervising well construction works. The consultant(s) would beengineers or technicians with considerable professional experience in hydro-geology and well construction in West Africa.
2. Description of the Work. The tasks to be performed would be definedfor each consultant mission by the ODEM Water Development Officer. They wouldconsist of supervising or assisting in geological and technical cross sectionsof the wells and in the control of current construction works at the hydro-geological and technical levels.
4. Time required: from one week to two months for each mission, asstipulated in each case by the ODEM Water Development Officer.
ANNEX 6Appendix 4
CONSTRUCTION OF WATERING FACILITIES
JOB DESCRIPTION OF THE ODEM WATER DEVELOPMENT OFFICER
1. Brief terms of reference for ODEM's Water Development Officer aregiven, along with other senior staff, in Annex 14. Specifically, he wouldbe required for 3-4 years and would need to be completely mobile, with, radiocommunication both with Mopti and the worksites. He would in particularcarry out the following tasks:
- Select the pond sites (with the Range Management Officer) andestablish them (with the consultant hydrologist, Appendix 1);
- control the pond construction work;
- establish the 70 wells as the work progresses (in collaborationwith the Range Management Officer) including an inventory ofthe watering points and a study of hydrogeological and topo-graphical conditions;
- conduct hydrogeological and technical control of the wellsunder construction (in liaison with the hydrogeologist andthe well specialist from Operation Wells);
- interpret the geophysical study of the Dioura region (in coll..bora-tion with the consultant hydrogeologist, Appendix 2);
- prepare international calls for tender and contracts for wellconstruction; and
- prepare monthly and yearly progress reports containing thetechnical details on the ponds, and the hydrogeological andthe technical cross sections of the wells.
2. At the request of the hydrogeologist and with the agreement of theProject Director, consultants of varying level would be made available tu:ODEM to participate in the control of the works particularly while manyworksites are in operation.
ANNEX 6Appendix 5
CONSTRUCTION OF W4ATERING FACILITIES
HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES EAST OF SENO MANGO
Terms of Reference
1. East of meridiarn 1025', there are insufficient data at present topropose surface or underground Ilydraulic development, though the area is oneof considerable pastoral potential. The project would, therefore, providefor a study of that region in order to specify possible developments that afollow-up project could finance. Studies to date indicate an eastern limitof the Continental Terminal between meridians 1°30' and 1020'; it would beuseful to know precisely the topography of the pre-Cambrian substratum and toseek possible extensions eastward of the underground structures observed inthe Gondo plain. It is considered that this work can be done by the samestaff that would undertake the preparatory work for well construction(Appendix 2).
2. Description of the Work
In the region east of meridian 1°25', bounded by the frontiers ofthe 5th Region, the studies to be carried out would include:
(a) a preliminary photogeologic study, to be undertaken by aconsultant (one week);
(b) a visit by a consultant hydrogeologist to estimate the needsof water and the Dossibilities of development by deepeningof ponds (note the existence of large ponds to the southand east of this region) or underground hydraulic works;
(c) geophysical prospecting on three 30-km profiles 15 km apartwith electric sounding profiling every 1-3 km; in additionelectric "profiling" at a constant depth would be carriedout according to the perpendiculars to the presumed structures;a seismic profile following the electric sounding profileswould make reciprocal calibration of the measures possible;these would be calibrated on the existing wells. Number ofsteps anticipated would include: 30 electric soundings plus5 km o' "orofiling" and 10 km of seismic refraction. Timeneeded: 4 weeks for a team composed of an expatriategeophysicist, an expatriate assistant geophysicist and aMalian assistant geophysicist;
(d) interpretation of the geophysical measures and the draftingof a report (three weeks).
3. Documents to be Furnished
A hydrogeological report with a map of watering points, a map ofphotogeological interpretation, a map of the substratum topography, an estimateof the possibilities of hydraulic development, and a geophysical report withelectric and seismic cross sections.
ANNEX 6Appendix I-Table 1
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
.Constructina of Watering Facilities
Investment Costs of Buildings for Well Construction by Force Accot.nt
Total CostWith 15% Tax
1. Complete Sector With 3 Teams
Lodging of Sector Chief 6,900
Workshop, Storehouses, Office 1/ 11,590
Building for Storage of Explosives 2/ 740
Office and Dwelling Furniture 1,725
Total 20,955
Rounded to MF 21,000
2. Supplementary Building
Hangar for Vehicles 3/ 2,070
Rounded to MF 2_100
1/ 224 m2 at MF 45,000 per m2.2/ 16 m2 at MB 40,000 per m2.3/ 4Lo m2 at MF 45,000 per m
June 28, 1974.
ANNEX 6Appendix 6Table 2
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Coi truction of Watering Facilities
Cost of Equipment of a Typical Sector with 3 Teams
(MF '000)
Unit Cost Total Cost Total CostItem Quantity Before Tax Before Tax After Tax (25%)
Four wheel drive vehicle 1 3,380 3,380 4,2255 t truck 4x4 w/dumper & frontwinch 2 t 1 9,800 9,800 12,250
2 t truck 4x4 w/winch & reinforcedchassis 2 6,900 13,800 17,250
Compressors 4,000 1 - 7 kg/m2 3 4,900 19,600 24,500Hammer drills 4 210 840 1,050Pneumatic picks 4 92 368 460Phase converter with shell 4 25 100 125Flexible coupling, compressed air 40 31 1,240 1,550Monoblock drill borers 40 16 640 800Needles for pneumatic pick 40 2.8 112 140Narrow spades 40 11.5 460 575Pneumatic winches and cables 3 805 2,415 3,020Casing for lining rings 1.80 m 0 3 390 1,170 1,460Casing for lining pipes 1.80 m 0 2 320 640 800Molds for pipes 1.20 m 0 3 520 1,560 1,950Cylinders 150 0 and 3 m long 2 400 800 1,000Pipe guides 3 155 465 580Telescopic derricks 3 600 1,800 2,250Self-emptying cauldrons 3 35 105 130Tracted 2,000 1 cistern 1 1,100 1,100 1,2753 ton hoist 4 45 180 225Detonators 6 90 540 675Ohm meters 2 52 104 130Safety belts 15 21 315 395Sisal rope 300 2.5 750 940Pumps and hoses 4 650 2,600 3,250Shop material 1 900 900 1,125Four wheel drive vehicle parts 1 460 460 575Truck parts 3 975 1,725 2,160Miscellaneous 3,500 3,500 4,375
Total 71,469 89,340
Rounded to 89,500
June 28, 1974.
ANNEIjX 6App nlix 6Tabl e 3
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Construction of Watering Facilities
Cost of Complementary Equipment of a 3-Team Sector
Unit Cost Total Cost Total CostItem Quantity Before Tax Before Tax After Tax (25%)
2 t 4x4 trucks w/winch &:body reinforcement 1 6,900 6,900 8,625
4,000 1 compressor 7 kg/rm2 1 4,900 4,900 6,125Drill hammer 1 210 210 265Pneumatic pick 1 92 92 115Phase shifter with shell. 1 25 25 30Compressed air hoses 10 31 310 390Monobloc drill borers 10 16 160 200Needles for pneumatic picks 10 2.8 28 35Narrow spades 10 11.5 115 145Casing for lining rings 0 1.80 m 1 390 390 490Mold for perforated pipes 0 1.20 m 1 520 520 650Pipe guide 1 155 155 195Telescopic derrick 1 600 600 750Self-emptying cauldron 1 35 35 452,000 1 cistern 1 1,100 1,100 1,3753-ton hoist 1 45 45 55Detonators 2 90 180 225Ohm meter 1 52 52 65Safety belts 5 21 105 130Sisal rope 100 2.5 250 315Pump with hoses 1 650 650 815Shop material 1 300 300 375Truck material 1 575 575 720Miscellaneous 1,000 1,000 ' 250
TOTAL 18,697 23,385
Rounded to 22,oo
June 28, 1974
ANNEX6Appendi 6Table 4
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Construction of Watering Facilities
Operating Cost per Year of a Typical Sector with 3 Teams
A. Salaries ana Wages
(MF '000)
Unit Cost No. Total
1. Sector with 3 Teams
Sector head 960 1 960Bookkeeper, storehouse man 610 1 610Masons-shaftsinkers 610 3 1,830Assistant shaftsinkers 400 3 1,200Drivers 400 1,600Mechanic 610 1 610Mechanids assistant )400 1 400Permanent laborers 260 5 1,300Guard 260 1 260Seasonal laborers at MF 20,000/mo.for 10 mo. per year 200 15 3,000
Subtotal 11,760
Bonus for Output 400
Total 12,160
2. Supplementary Staff
Mason-shaftsinker 610 1 610Assistant shaftsinker 400 1 400Driver 400 1 400Permanent laborers 260 2 520Seasonal laborers at MF 20,000/mo.,10 months a year 200 5 1,000
Subtotal 2,930
Bonus for Output 70
Total 3,000
TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES 152160
January 10, 1975
ANNEX 6Appendi2 6Table 5
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Construction of Watering Facilities
Operating Cost per Year of a Typical Sector with 3 Teams
B. Vehicles and Equipment
(NF '000)
Before Taxes Taxes After Taxes
1. Vehicles
Four wheel drive vehicle 950 460 1,4105 t truck 1,210 580 1.790Two 2 t trucks 1,700 800 2,500Compressors and pumps 2,450 1,200 3,650Cisterns 370 170 540
Subtotal 6,680 3,210 9,890
2. Materials
4 curbstones 1,150 200 1-,350170 m in soft earth 440 110 55035 m in rocky earth 280 70 350Small materials (shovel, pick, borer) 680 170 850Office operation 80 20 100Miscellaneous 260 60 320
Subtotal 2,890 630 :,520
3. Supplementary Equipment
Evaluated at 1/3 of the equipmentof a 3-team sector 3,190 1,280 L 1470
TOTAL 5,120 1i,880
Rounded to l2)00
June 28, 1974
ANNEX 6Appendix 7
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Construction of Watering Facilities
Construction of Ponds
TyDical Equipment of a Rural Engineering Work Brigade for Pond Construction
I te Number
Bulldozer with ripper 130 HP 2Motor scraper on tires 150 HP 2Grader 120 HP 1Loader on tires 1Isocompactor roller IDump truck 6 m3 210,000 l tank truck IMotor pump 1Jeep 3Surveying Material 3Concrete mixer 120-ton hydraulic jack 26-ton hydraulic jack 2Mobile granulation station 4 loads 1Set of tools for mechanic, metric 1Set of tools for mechanic, American 1Set of hand tools for terracing 1Tent for 4 persons 5
June 28, 1974
MAL.I
LiVESTOCK PROJECT
Co-truti-n of we-.iDa F-c111iis
VA,.sssi Vs .utio sod :jtWt-o Costs .0 5 PoNds
Cotogory 0Lth LInS tCot I 3 Total fr.5. __
M. Cost No. Cos so, Cost No, Cost NO. Cost No. Coat Rist.!nz L OStS Osoe-
Hydrologist for Dsigo of Po-d. 1/ Na-/-~th 4,000 2 12.000 1 4,000- ---- 4 06.000 52,60 5,7000
ToOotOphtO-l Wor-Y Moo/moth 400 3 1,200 1 400 -- 4 1.600 4o0 960 160
prOP.rOti_ of PI... M.o/-soth 40 2 00 1 40 3 1250 It0 00 la
-Soil Sonolino at P-sd Sit.e.5/ Mts,s 200 5 600 1 200 - -4 000 240 480 00
S.bt.t.1 03.0 4,660 18.520 13,900 4,720 250
Woo FoOt 0/ ~~~~~ ~~Pond 5,000 30 165,000 iN 50,00 -- O 40 220,000 176.000 22.200 52,000
Oooooolon o foistng fods 6/ P05t 2,750 7 10,250 0 0.050 - -- I 27.500 22,000 2,750, 2,750
5,rt' 'Thu. '1 totth~~~ D-a 900 7 6.300 3 2.700 .- .-- 10 9 000 7.200 90090
Wob.t.1i - 190,55 - 60.950 - -256,500 205.200 25.650 25905-0
00111cof CosrciOWorks ' - - ---- --- ---
ttsint--aoot o Pond I/ Pond 0,000 ------ 50 5.00 0 5.000 44_000 5. 0050
P'.yltsIConttoooiorIO/ 10,0055 6,595 5.900 - 31.15(, 24,920 3,115 i.55
Ta00A. INVESTMENT AND MADSTONANCECOSTSFORVO PONDS- 224,4AS -77,160 - -- 00.00 - 6.5170 287,*70 38,905 34,505
I/ 1-,0 -lot ... oti-ono o-d lot -rno- SIr r fi.ld all1o-ooc iod ......os
2/OnploOaOo,lots topographi.s IOn0 6 oe ftgls.ia0 p.ott, lsLoi,o field alostoas t-aosf-r f-oflltia..2/000552 t.an of the &orel W2agCOa.ft1g flsPetM.st, eso oo.aOi.aig of . foro.. s.d 1. Ib.--.; 1-.d50. fiead .Io,.n -d traeport f-silitls..
4/ W-ill bo t...troot.d Wy th. lR ... Itistn Spton Dp,". 1~ 0000.4t .01th the typ. of sqolp".et d..o-lI,d in App*Milz I of th5. am-.
5/ 0002o~ pOt fonPd an M? 1,100 Pat576/700 u pOt pond 01My 1,100 Por n..7!O br -tInstrtod 0t 00 of thO -0 or --- otod po-d.; -locld.. cao --nOt. -nd -owotitg of 1.900 .3 3y 600 for,
3
0/ 411 it d0- by hydrog9~o0i1 ojtf ODEM.I/ ..tOp,o og t 00 0,000 0 -Hty 4 5 y...s
Of 0, o7.f rOttuttlo it o.d -sosc ots..
Jonoory 00, 1975
VNNEX 6
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJEWI
Construction of Wttering Facilities
Construction and Maintenan.e Cost of 70 ells(YI' 000)
toil 1 2 3 Total Foreign F 'to I
Category tufit Cost Nc Cost No Cost N. * .c No Cost Exchange VŽ1 Tj.es
-c _t -------- Yeas--------- _ _-__Prepocotory Works
HydroQeclegiut tI Mau/Month 4,000 - 8,000 - - - 2 8,000 6,400 .us)'
Geophysical SOcocy /2 M-oth 9.2000 2 18,000 2 16,000 12,800 l'. I' l-
Prcooa-tion of Bidding Dcon.eots L3 - -
Subtotal 26.000 0 - 26,000 19,200 . .20' 1,600
A. W811 Construstiss by Ct-ractor (4
0 wells)
Prepacation of Eqoipment 175 - - 5 87i - - 5 875 660 a5 130
T-raspcrt of Equipmest /4 865 - - 5 4,325 5 4,325 10 8,650 6,490 860 1.100
Transport of Equip-nt /5 14 -, - 20 280 20 280 40 560 120 'S 85
AssemblingandDiusaseobling of Equipoent /6 460 - _ 20 9,200 20 9.200 40 18,400 13,600 1.841' 2.760?
Earth-excavation with Pisk-cue /7 - - - 54,630 - *4.630 109,260 81,945 '.925 16,390
R-ck-exc.oation with E<plosines LI - - - 26,190 - 2h,190 - 52,380 39.285 <,235 lb8su
Roinforoed Conc-rts Liringg /9m 6i.5 1 - 1,100 69,800 1,!05 f0,170 2,205 140,020 105,015 4,J00 21,005
Sicking iota Soft Aquifor /10 /o 230 - - 35 8,050 35 Y,050 70 16,100 12.075 ' ,-IC 24,s
Sicking into Rlcky Aqiifr /11 400 _ 65 26.080 tS 2o.,000 130 52,000 39,000 '00 7.80'
Screened Casing in Soft Aquifer /12 well 050 7 - 5,950 5,950 14 11,900 3,925 .190 1.795
Scroeend Casing in Rocky Aquifer /13 well 850 _ 13 11,050 '3 '1,800 26 22.100 16,575 '<" 1,3V
Blind Coning tl4 wel3 105 - 20 2,100 20 2,100 40 -. 200 1,150 42' 61O'
Gravol for lraocl-ossk /15 m 34.5 _ - 80 2,760 80 2,766 160 5,520 4.140 ;50 03'
Pomping-te-t t16 hour 29 , - 120 3,468 '20 i.480 240 6,460 5.220 ..5 1,045
Suriacs Equipoent 117 well 2,900 - - 20 58,000 20 58,000 40 116,000 07,p0 . ,n0n 17,40(
Subtotal - 282,740 282,585 564,925 423,700 56,h75 84,750
B. iell Canutruction by Forse Account (30 Wello) /8
Ivesct-ent CoetsBuildisgo cod Purnituoe /19 - 35,700 - . 35,700 26,775 1,5711 5,355
Eqgipiest L2O2 - 291,900 - . 291,900 218,925 - 72.4'5
Opesoting CosteWages and Salaries /21 - 23,600 33,200 -3,201 '10,000 - ,'.' 4. O0
Vchisles and Matesloin /22 - 31,500 45,000 45,000 121,500 85,050 - 3b,4>"
Sob carol ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 302,700 78,200 28,200, 539,101 330,750 5 ' 119.28'
SuoervisiaonofiConstruction Werbs /223 - 46,115 24,530 4 6,775 75,420 52,815 .e15 '3,970
Wll1
iaisteonsne 2'-4
Phynsial Contin,encies /25 - 83,750 74,640 72,550 230,940 161,660 22,1 4 ,
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION ANDMAIN0ENANCE COSTS 5- 38.565 - 460.110 637,710 1 ,436,385 988,125 181 ,70 266,6'
/1 Includes interna-tioal end internal air travel, field allowances end insurances.
72 Will be -ected by I eupatriate geophysicist, 1 espatriate geophysicist technician, 1 Malian geophysicist Ie-h-.cian and 10 laborers.
Includes transport cests is the field, field ullogansas, cost of necessary small equipment and internatienal and internal air travel and insurance fsr the 2 expatriates.
/3 Will br done by the hydrogeolegist of ODE08 in collabhration with the Hydraulic Service.
14 From theb-s ththe ocotrantor to the first well-site and froa the last well-site te hisbae..
/5 Between wells.76 O each well.77 M27 40,500 per m fron 0-10 m depth (400 n); N41 46,000 per m from 10-20 n (400 m); Ml 51,500 per m fron 20 to 300 (4uO i); MP 57,500 per m fron 30 tc 40 n (400 m),
hF 63,500 per n from 40 to 50 m (360 m); 141 69,500 per m from 50 to 60 (110 m); 4F 75,500 per frosm 60 to 75 m (10 m).
/1 Z 149,500 per m frco 40 to 50O (10 n); YsF 161,000 MF per i irom 50 tc 60 0 (225 m); 817 172,500 per m frie TI to 70 m (85 i).
27 o 1,80 m710 i per well fer 14 wells.711 5 r per well for 26 wells.712 For 14 wells.T13 For 26 wells.1t4 1 m per well.
7/5 4 cobic neters of calibrated gravel per well.tl6 Daring 6 hourn per well.717 Includes parapet, concrete apron, 4 trowghs (4.5 n x 0.8 m x 0.3 n) and piping.
/15 Will be constructed by "0peration Wel1s" of the 'yvdraulic Service./I9 Office, heusiog und farnitore for 3 additional we11 cnostruction tsans at Nion and at Doueetza, one additional tean at Bankass and coo complete well sonstruetlee
sector at ore, For details see Appendix G, Table I of -ccc Anex./20 Ior 3 trars at Nion, Deusngta and Xors respectively acr one teen at Banhass. For details see Appendix,;Tables 2 and 3 of this Adnna.
/21 or a complete se-ter at lore, 3 teans at Nidon and L_oe-taa respestively and one te at Bankass.._ For details see Appesdfmv,Tgb1e 4 of this Adnex.
/22 Per a eomplete sector at Kore, 3 teans at Niece and D-lwnt-s respectively and one teen at Boaksos. For details see Appendiof,Table 5 of this Anne-.
773 77, of cost of c-estructioc works.724 2.57. of cast of .o.struction weeks beginnieg in year 10 i_llowing consttrcoion,l(appro-i-ately MF 30 nillion per year).7725 107. of cost of preparation and superoision of -coat-uction works and 207, of cost of construcsion works.
January 10, 1975
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Hydrological Units of the 5th Region
AAEA Surface Water Ceology Sul surface hater
est of the Delta Flat region. slighty higher than the flooding Geological substrateum made up of shales The C.T. w hen thick enough. contains A generalized aqu,iferarea, No organized hydrographic network low rnd pre-Carilran gravel locally injected esute. known by measurementa made in the wells. The water tabletopographic p toins occupied by raiy season with veins of doletite. The depth of this is fed to the east and South east by infiltrations frio theponds. substratum is about 50 a toward Diora. Niger river and the flood area; it rumn off toward the north be-16 ponds were deepened in 1961 to a vo- dininishJrgtoward the wBstand incregaing coeing progrestively deeper (5 a near the flood orea to 60 m in thelume of 4,500 r3; tley are still partly used toward the north, reanhing several hundred no-fih of the 5th region).and -eoh appreciated by atockraisers. meters ta tie Ntara - Laike Vaguibinsarea. Two "dry overlas" aro located north and south of Diners. Thbirexact
On this substretrum have been deposited liadt i not knowng the establishment of wells in these areasf6rotations of clayey sands belonging to would require prior reconnaissnce. The permeability of the C.T.the Continental Terminal (C.T.). - vAries widely; the ydeds obtained from the wells are less then
.2 m/hour but could be improved up to 6 m /hour. The water is ofgood quality. The substretum may beer water locally whcn ftsaured,butChe determonation of water-bearing tonrsa would require costly.studies.
Corresponds to the plain actually flooded by The Alluvia of the Niger rest on the C.T. The aq.ti'er of the C.T. is fed by infiltration from theDelta of the Niger the river. The flood begins In August-Sep- in the east and the west, directly on the the Niger. and is also contained in the shellow alluvia, 3 to
tetber at Mopti, reaches its peak fron Oct- substratum in the north (Lare-tiaftunke 10 m underground, It is possible to obtain eacellent yield. atober 15 to November 30, subsides until March region) and southeast (Bandiag#re plateau all timesin the Upper Delta and April May in the lower with a dry overlap in both cases. BothDelta. The flow is 30 a3/s and increases to t.e Alluvia of the Niger and tht C.T. aremore than 5,000 n
3rs Annual nun off ave- of undetermn1ed thickness is tliis area.
rages S0 billion e . The waters of tlhc intertor Delta are intensively used by the herd-men in the dry season.
The very fissured fnrmations permit consider- The Tlateau is composed of a thick aries Thl Koutlaha sandstones apparently contain i generalized deepable infiltrations and give rise on the peri- of q.asihorizontal sandtoro s resting on aeuifer (over IG0 r deep).
andiagars Plate.. phery to tny springs used fur irrigation. schst- A large dyke of dolerite cuts There Are shallower discontinuous aquifers in the fissuredand tandamia Many daos have been built on the Plateau. the series near Deuentze. Toward the cones of the upper sandstones. Water is found a depths of 5
northeast a aeries of outliers extend to 15 a, with large seasonal fluctuations. The yields areas far as hodsort. on tie order of 3 m3thour per well. Many comaes have %otsnderTround
water
The hydrsgraphic system is well organized The region is connected ts the Uandiagara There Are no enxct data on the hydrogeological characteristics Ofatousa B Bore - eat of the surface water being drained by a plateau. The quaternary cover is only a the region; the search for wster beating levels would require lengthy
Lake KS arou permanent streaw (Acure Amba) and by Lake few meters deep nd the sandstones outcrop and costly technique.IPYrarou. The course of tho Acure Amba is in a series of hills running IE-NW. The region is classified as inadequate for subsurface water dew-marked by a series of more or less permanent elopment under the project.ponds. Rainy season ponds also Torn in thenortheast of the region.
The region is covered with dunes running e-u, The substratum under the dones consists of The only weakly productive levels are the seams of limestone, butaestern Gourms and there fs practically no hydrographic syst sandstone quartzites and brechoid conglo- their prospecting would require lengthy and costly investigations.
Only in the Intermediate hollows and at the merates. shales or clayey and limestone The region is classified as inadequate for subsurface water devfoot of the otliers are tie-re a few ponds at schisti, and shales, sandstone, and do- *lopnent under the project.the end of the rainy season. lomites.
The hydregraphic sysiem is rather degraded, The coopositine and the topography of the The oondo plain is the seat of a generalized water table, the surfacebecouse the Gondo plain is a watershed between subutratun under the CT. is fairly well of which is found either in the C.T. or At the upper level of thethe Niger b.oin and the beaten of the Voltas. known and was deterimined by the geol.gica s,ubstratum (limestones and dolo,sitesn The Aquifer table is fed on itsOnly the southern perc of thc plain l\L a sections supplied by the wells and by the edgens inflrtos firon the 54- , --- -f - i.hydrographic syntem developed in cuoiuctio nevyic; rcf'1-- of Douentea - Kombori; there is Also a feeding de-e at the level of '' IV-t14 i' .- ,-- -Thu topagraphy ofthe s.bstratue is irrc- the Koro ochl ia.Ponds have been co,otructed vith a '.''F -f - ;, . ..r. st over SO a thickh The depth of the water table varies from 45 to 90 e averaging 60 m.
ri- l" P1 2 s to 12 000 m and a e~pth of l. S hs Es fmrda 1°25 there is no precise W09st of IferidiAn 1°25' the hydrgogoloRY to known well enorE1 to preLIe_eponds are very much apprecioted by st- krtiser. eologic study the C.T seaus to bh a progren of exet.tiom withoult further study. The precise lncationbut there ore no exact data on these works, Lhinner, allovius he substratum to of eatchment works will require a preliminary field survey, because of
outcrop distorted topography of the dune -assif; the flows expected shouldin Seno 'tango, arge dunes cover tho C.T., Anot vcrcod 6 m. /hor'r 1,- '
0v !r. .o,;-e- -.- Es tnoA
with '^- I - .t..e-uits treatin6 coc o ' ac -roso yu. pod
g ~ ~_ __ , = I,
ANNEX 7Page 1
M A L I
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Mopti Abattoir and Hide-Drying Facilities
The Current System of Marketing and Slaughtering
1. Cattle and smallstock for Mopti and Sevare are now slaughtered inabattoirs owned and operated by the municipalities. Butchers, primarilywholesalers, purchase the animals from the ljvestock markets and bring themto the abattoir where they are resold to a local retailer. The local retailerhas the livestock slaughtered and drepsed in the municipal abattoir by hisown hired labor. The municipalities furnish the facilities and the LivestockService furnishes veterinary inspectors.
2. The retailer's costs for slaughtering and dressing are approximatelyMF 1,300 per head for cattle and MF 410 per head for smallstock, broken downas:
Cattle MF
Municipal fee 300IHired labor (in-kind payment) 1,000
1,300
Smallstock
Municipal fee 160Hired labor (cash) 250
410
3. Most livestock for the Mopti and Sevare abattoirs are purchasedfrom the large livestock market in Fatoma about 10 km north of Sevare; onlya small number comes from the small local Mopti and Sevare markets. In1973, about 2,350 head of cattle and 4,650 head of smallstock were slaughteredin the Mopti abattoir and about 2,150 head of cattle and 1,000 head of small-stock in the Sevare abattoir. Some smallstock but almost no cattle areillegally slaughtered outside the municipal abattoir for sale in retail shops.
4. The livestock marketing system involves the cattle owner, one orseveral middlemen, and the livestock traders. Generally, the livestock ownerhas only a few animals to sell and prefers to deal via a middleman ratherthan directly with a livestock trader and so the owner usually contacts a
ANNEX 7Page 2
middleman from a small primary market. Besides bargaining for the owner,the middleman usually provides him overnight quarters and subsistence. Thetrader purchases animals either for resale to local butchers and other traders,or for export. Some owners, however, sell their animals directly to traders.Local abattoirs generally purchase cull animals, which are :Less experni.ve tharnexport quality cattle, and probably could not make the long trek to corsumpticrlcenters in coastal countries. Trading is private without documents, arLdanimals are sold without being weighed. Most transactions are in casl, thouglicredit at high interest rates is sometimes provided. All livestock a-.e marketedon the same day once a week. Veterinary inspectors are present and, in additionto animal health, are responsible for gathering market information on prices,numbers presented and sold, and destination of animals sold for export:.
5. Wholesale and Retail Meat Trade and Prices. Wholesale butchtersgenerally purchase several animals at the livestock market and then resellthem to the retailer at the local abattoir. The retailer hires butcher boysto slaughter the animals. Then the carcasses, viscera and edible by-productsare sold in the retailer's street stalls.
6. Government controls livestock prices only at the retail meat level.In Mopti, control prices are MF 200 per kg for meat without bones, MF 225 perkg for meat with bones, MF 250 per kg for fillet and special cuts. With thepresent market valute of cattle, actual prices exceed control prices by about25%.
7. Existing Mopti and Sevare Abattoirs. The existing abattoirs at Moptland Sevare are unsanitary. Animals are slaughtered and dressed on the floor,and edible and inediLble products are not properly separated. No runninig wateris available. A taik truck brings one load of water once a day, primarily towash the floor after slaughtering is completed. The Mopti abattoir corisistsof only an uncovered concrete slab with three horizontal beams (about ni high)containing hooks for supporting the dressed carcasses. It is in a residentialarea on the banks of a large stagnant lagoon; in this lagoon intestines, headsand hides are washed and stomach contents are dumped. The abattoir carninot beimproved or extended due to the lack of space, nor can it be reallocated within.Yopti. The Sevare abattoir design also does not allow for expansion at reason-able cost. The investment costs to construct a larger and more efficientabattoir to serve the needs of both Mopti and Sevare would be consideraY3.yless than the cost of building a small new facility for Mopti and moder-iizingthe present Sevare facility.
The Project: New Abattoir at Mopti-Sevare
8. The project: would replace the existing abattoirs in Mopti and Sevarewith a modern and sanitary facility in Mopti-Sevare. Included and adja4:entto the abattoir would be hide and skin-drying facilities and a livestocdholding pen to hold Et one-week lot of animals for slaughtering.
ANNEX 7Page 3
9. Location. The abattoir would be located 15 km from Mopti -- thenearest site not flooded during the rainy season -- about 1 km south of Sevare,on the all-weather Mopti-Bamako highway and 1 km from the Mopti airport. Thislocation would facilitate meat export by plane and refrigerated trucks. Thesite selected would satisfy the basic requirements for a modern abattoir:proximity to adequate labor sources, availability of water and electricity,nearby livestock markets, and sufficient possibilities for effluent treatment.In addition, the Mopti and Sevare retail markets could easily be suppliedwithout refrigerated transport. Furthermore, the relative nearness to Sevareis justified because, due to lack of space for expansion in Mopti, Sevare willgrow more rapidly in the future.
10. Capacity. Table 1 gives slaughter figures for 1967-73 and projectionsto 1995 based on these figures and expected population growth of Mopti andSevare. On the assumption that the abattoir would operate for 360 days peryear and need 25% spare capacity for peak demand periods, it would requirea capacity to process 48 cattle and 100 smallstock per day. The hide-dryingfacility would have sufficient capacity for drying the daily output of hidesand skins during two days.
11. Buildings. The abattoir would be designed, constructed and equippedto provide hygienic facilities for slaughtering, dressing, processing andstoring meat products. The loading dock for carcasses would be opposite thelivestock pens and the effluent treatment lagoons. The facility would besingle story with a roof and walls finished on the inside with waterproofsurfaces. All openings would be screened. Inspection and work areas wouldbe well lighted. The abattoir would have a carcass storage room adequate tohold a full day's kill of beef and smallstock. A rail system would be includedto allow moving the carcasses from the kill floor to the storage area andto the loading dock. Rails would be placed 3.35 m above the floor.
12. The office and guard facility would be an enclosed single storybuilding. Livestock pens and kill floor races would be fenced. The hidedrying facility would be a covered shed with concrete floors and open sidesto allow ventilation.
13. Equipment and Processing. Equipment would be constructed of water-proof materials which can be easily cleaned. Wood would not be used. Slaughterfloors would have on-the-rail dressing without chain conveyors. Complementaryfacilities would be provided for edible by-products. Inedible by-productswould be processed in a separate area. Condemned carcasses and offal wouldbe destroyed in a lime pit. Throughout processing, each carcass with itsedible and inedible by-products would be properly identified. After slaugh-tering, carcasses and edible by-products would be delivered by a truck, ownedby the abattoir, to the butcher shops. In the hide-drying facility, hidesand skins would be fleshed, identified and hung on rust-resistant drying racks.The livestock holding pens would be fenced and provided with watering troughs.
ANTNEX 7Page 4
14. Utilities. A bore hole would be constructed adjacent to the exist-ing one, and each would be installed with a pump with a minimum capacii:y of15 m3/hour. Water rould be pumped to the water tower of the adjacent -iceprocessing mill. ThLis system would provide water to the abattoir, and relatedfacilities.
15. Electric power would be available from the municipal electric system.Provisions have been made for extending the aerial feeder lines and for dis-tribution of electricity within the site. Effluent treatment would in)ioLveseparation of solids and fat in a catch basin, anaerobic treatment, and evapo-ration in lagoons constructed adjacent to the facility.
16. Management. ODEM would be responsible for constructing and operatingthese facilities. OiDEM would employ a firm experienced in abattoir design toprepare detailed plans and specifications for the abattoir/hide-drying facility,including process flow diagrams showing the required equipment. The RuralEngineering Department would supervise construction, procurement and installa-tion of equipment. The plant manager, driver, guard and skilled and unskilledlaborers would be employed locally.
17. Benefits and Justification. The new abattoir would provide wholesomemeat for Mopti and Sevare and eliminate the present health hazards associatedwith the existing abattoirs. It would take slaughtering away from the residen-tial area in Mopti. Furthermore, it would provide additional capacity to meetgrowing demand for meat that is not available in the existing abattoirs. Inaddition, improved handling between the abattoir and the retail outlet woluldbe effected.
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Mopti Abattoir - Hide Drying Facility
Past and Projected Slaughter Rates
Actual Slaughter (Head)!-/ Projected Slaughter (Head).Z/
Year Cattle Smallstock Year Cattle Smallstock
1967 3,294 9,033 1974 4,800 6,4001968 3,394 8,742 1975 Project Year 1 5,100 8,6001969 4,086 7,792 1976 2 5,400 10,8001970 4,216 - 1977 3 6,120 11,8801971 4,306 10,300 1978 4 6,840 12,9601972 4,500 9,100 1979 5 7,560 14,0401973 4,495 5,700 1980 6 8,280 15,120
1981-85 7-11 9,000 16,2001986-90 12-16 10,800 21,6001991-94 17-20 14,400 28,800
/1 Combined Mopti and Sevare./2 New abattoir to be in operation PY 2.
June 27, 1974
(>Xo 0
i..NNEX 7lable 2
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Mopti Abattoir - Hide Drying Facility
Investment Casts
Units Unit Cost Foreign Exchange Local Taxcs TotalCategory - ------------------------- F '000------------------------
Site Preparation - 450 ID 500
Civil WorksFencing /1 600 m 1,320 600 480 2,400Fencing /2 600 m 4,500 1,600 1,400 7,500Fencing /3 120 m2 1,100 500 400 2,000Abattoir /4 350 m2 100/m 2 14,000 15,750 5,250 35,000Hide Drying Building 300 m2 40/m 2 4,800 5,400 1,800 12,000Administration Building /5 100 m2 70/m 2 2,800 3,150 1,050 7,000Guard Facilities 50 m2 70/m2 1,400 1,570 530 3,5C00
UtilitiesBorehole /6 1 2,000 2,250 750 5,000Pumps (15m3 7hr capacity) 2 4,080 720 1,200 6,000Electric Power Supply for Abattoir 600 675 225 1,50()Water System for Abattoir 1,500 1,020 480 3,000Utilities System for Holding Lot7/ 1,650 1,150 500 3,30()Effluent Treatment 255 1,020 225 1,5CC
EquipmentCattle Slaughtering & Dressing /8 2,590 1,170 940 4,7C()Small stock Slaughtering & Dressing /8 2,480 1,120 900 4,5COCarcass holding area for 1 day kill /8 730 310 260 1,300Hide Drying /9 1,250 550 400 2,200Miscellaneous /10 1,180 820 500 2,500
Transportation EquipmentTruck /11 2,640 760 1,10r 4,50)
Engineering ServicesPlans and Specification Preparation /12 4,000 600 40i' 5,002
Subtotal 54,875 41,185 18,84: 114,90)Supervision of Construction (6%) 5,600 1,400 7,00)
Subtotal 60,475 42,585 18,84: 121,90')Physical Contingencies ()3,025 2,115 96& 6
TOTAL 63,500 44,700 19,80': 128,001)
/1 Exterior perimeter abattoir - hide drying facility atMF 3,000/m plus MF 600,000 for entrance way./2 Exterior perimeter livestock holding lot at MF 12,500/m./3 Cattle and small stock pens including ramp to slaughterfloor atlF 12,500/m plus MF450,000 for gates./4 Separate slaughter area for cattle and small stock./5 Includes facilities for guard./6 Drilling bore hole for water system 50:m at MF100,000/mto be constructed by force account./7 Water and electric service to livestock holding lot./8 Equipment for slaughtering and dressing 48 cattle and 90 smallstock/day./9 Drying racks.
/10 Tools, small equipment, trolleys and office equipment./11 Closed truck for transporting dressed meat to butcher shoDs./12 For preparation of detailed engineering drawings and specifications for procurement.
June 27, 1974
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Mopti Abattoir - Xide Drying Facility
Income and Operating Cost Projections
Year I Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Years 7-11 Years 12-16 Years 17-20
VolumeCattle (Head) - 5,400 6,120 6,840 7,560 8,280 9,000 10,800 14,400
Small Livestock (Read) - 10,800 11,880 12,960 14,040 15,120 16,200 21,600 28,800
------------------------------------------ MF '000 ----------------------------------------------
RevenueSlaughter Fee (Cattle) I/ - 10,800 12,240 13,680 15,120 16,560 18,000 21,600 28,800
Slaughter Fee (Smallstock) 2/ - 3,780 4,158 4,536 4,914 5,292 5,670 7,560 10,080
llolding Fee (Cattle) 3/ - 2,268 2,570 2,873 3,175 3,478 3,780 4,536 6,048
Holding Fee (Smallstock) 4/ - 756 832 907 983 1,058 1.134 1.512 2.016
Total Income - 17,604 19,800 21,996 24,192 26,388 28,584 35,208 46,944
Operating CostsPlant Manager 960 960 960 960 960 960 960 960 960
Assistant Manager - 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
Skilled Labor 5/ - 1,600 2,000 2,400 2,400 2,800 3,200 4,000 5,200
Unskilled Labor (Abattoir) 130 520 520 780 1,040 1,040 1,300 2,080 2,860
Unskilled Labor (Ride Drying Facility) 130 520 520 520 780 780 780 1,300 1,820
Guard (Abattoir) 130 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260
Guard (Hide Drying Facility) 130 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260
Driver 200 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400
Water 56 425 510 595 680 765 850 1,030 1,370
Electricity 100 300 360 420 480 540 600 740 1,100
Maintenance - 2,200 2,560 2,700 2,880 2,980 3,000 3,600 4,600
Vehicle 6/ 250 900 1,100 1,300 1,500 1,700 1,900 2,400 3,000
Feed 7/ _ - 1,130 1,270 1,420 1,580 1,740 1,900 2,400 3,000
Miscellaneous 8/ 50 190 230 270 310 360 410 540 730
Total Operating Coats 2,136 9/ 10,265 11,555 12,885 14,130 15,185 16,420 20,570 26,160
Hll
1/ MF 2,000 per head.2/ MF 350 per head.3/ MF 120/day average 3.5 days each animal.
4/ MF 20/day average 3.5 days each animal./ Butchers.6/ Operating costs including insurance.7/ One animal unit consumes 4.5 feed units/day at MF/10/unit (6 smallstock = 1 animal unit).
8/ Knives, trolleys, cleaning materials, expandable office supplies.
9/ Operating costs during construction period.
January 10, 1975
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Mppti Abattoir - Hide Dlryirg Facility
Cash F Proec tions
?W liF00;
1 2 6 12 13-1 1 18-20
CASH INFLOW
1. Slaughter Fees 14,580 16,398 18,216 20,034 21,652 23,670 23,670 29,160 29,160 38,880 38,8802. Holding Fee 3,o24 3,402 3,780 4,158 4,536 4,914 4,914 6,dge 6,048 8,064 8,0643. Long-Term Transfer 108,000 - 14 ,4. Government Contribution _20.00 - _ - -
Total 128,000 17,604 19,800 21,996 24,192 26,188 28,584 28,584 35,208 35,208 46,944 46,944
CASH OUTFLOW
1. Operation Costs 1,500 8,571 9,776 10,719 11,980 12,9551/ 13,958 13,9582, 17,348 17,348 22;242 22,2422. Investbrt. M81' 0 4 _ -_ - -
Total 129,500 8,571 9,776 10,719 11,980 16,355 13,958 17,958 20,748 17,348 25,6142 22,242
Cash Surplus (Deficit) beforeDebt Service (1,500) ,,033 10,024 11,277 12,212 9,833 14,626 10,626 14,460 17,860 21,302 24,702
3.Debt Sertvie*2A. Interest (5%) 5,400 5,400 5,220 5,031 4,833 4,624 3,415 3,136 1,516B. RepayqAt - 4. 0i2 h 78
Total 5,0oo 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000
Net Cash Surplus (Deficit) afterDebt Service (6,900) 33 1,024 2,277 3,212 833 5,626 1,626 5,46O 8,860 12,302 15,707
Transfer at year end 108,000 104,400 100,620 96,651 92,48t 88,107 68,301 62,718 56,854 30,316 22,833
1/ Tr>:lk Replacemnt./ Equipment rep2acemrt3/ An assumed debt service projected to show financial viability of the abattoir.
n 21June 27, 1974
ANNEX 8Page 1
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Livestock Markets
Background
1. Livestock marketed in the 5th Region originate mainly fromwithin the Region, with some animals coming from the 4th and 6th Regions.In 1972, over 200,000 cattle were presentei for sale at the Region's19 public livestock markets; about half of these cattle and 180,000 sheepand goats were presented at the five markets to be constructed or expandedunder the project: Sevare, Kona, Douentza, Boni and Tenenkou. These marketsare located along the principal stock routes.
2. The larger markets generally handle animals for slaughter andfor export. Markets are held once a week. For details of the marketingsystem, see Annex 7.
3. Activity in livestock markets varies substantially by seasons.Most animals are sold at the beginning of the dry season, when livestockreturns to the Delta, and least during the rainy season when the herds aregrazing away from the major markets. However, the markets in the Deltahave their greatest activicy near the end of the dry season when cattleare concentrated there.
4. The existing livestock markets in Sevare, Kona, Douentza, Boniand Tenenkou operate in opern uncontrolied areas, in or near the communities.Cattle are traded in one area and small stock in another. The availabilityof little or no water and the lack of security discourage herders from usingthe markets; livestock get lost rather frequently. In fact, in Douentza,where there is a small fenced private cattle market, cattle owners are morethan willing to pay a fee for security reasons, for the overnight use of thelivestock park. Due to their disorganization, the existing markets make itdifficult to collect basic marketing data (numbers presented and sold, prices,destination). Improvements are needed to facilitate marketing and thus toattract larger numbers of producers and traders.
Construction of Five Livestock Markets
5. Location and Layout. Under this project, facilities for holding,watering and marketing livestock would be provided at Sevare, Kona, Douentza,Boni and Tenenkou. Annual throughput for each facility has been projectedfrom the number of livestock presented for sale at each of these sites duringthe period 1971-73 and from the expected increased offtake resulting fromthe proposed project (Table 1, this Annex). Two models with different capaci-ties have been developed, as follows, assuming that the markets would operateone day a week:
ANN'EX 8Page 2
Cattle Smallstockhead/day
Sevare 800 1,200Kona 800 1,200Douentza 400 1,000Boni 400 1,000Tenenkou 400 1,000
6. Investment Costs for the markets are given in Table 2 of thisAnnex, and Income and Operating Costs in Table 3. Each livestock marketwould have three basic elements:
(a) A livestock park, where animals are held prior to sale, would beenclosed with a six-strand wire fence attached to metal posts,and watered by troughs. The larger markets would have a 1 haholding area and the small ones, 0.6 ha. Each market would beequipped withi a well, a hand pump and a water storage tank.
(b) A single story building, adjacent to the livestock park,would be constructed for administrative purposes and as aguard facility. For the larger markets, the building wouldhave 45 m2 of floor area and for the smaller, 30 m2.
(c) Some livestock holding pens, where sold livestock could bekept, a concrete vaccination yard for vaccinating cattledestined for export, a cattle weighing scale, and aloading ramp would be built at the livestock park of eachmarket.
7. Construction and Management. ODEM would be responsible for con-structing and managing the livestock markets. The Rural Engineering Depai:t-ment would prepare plans and tender documents and would supervise constructLon.Each market would have a manager, a laborer and a guard, and would be super-vised by ODEM's Marketing Service.
8. Benefits and Justification. The proposed market fees -- MF 150 perhead of cattle and MF 25 per smallstock, to be paid by the producer -- havebeen calculated to generate a reasonable rate of return on the investment.The producer is expected to pay this fee willingly for the services renderdcl.The markets would provide thie basis for developing an organized livestockmarketing system in the 5th Region. The availability of water and securitiat the markets would attract an increasing number of livestock owners andtraders, which in turn would increase competitiveness and, subsequently,producer prices. The markets are also expected to develop the supply offeeder steers necessary for satisfying the rapidly increasing demand forthese steers from the fattening schemes in Mali's higher rainfall areas.Furthermore, better organized livestock marketing would facilitate gatheri::Lg
ANNEX 8Page 3
reliable data on prices, livestock availability, types of animals beingpresented, destination, etc. Finally, associated with these markets wouldbe increased social benefits and income to the five communities, which wouldinduce desirable settlement.
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Livestock Markets
Past and Projected Throughput
1971 1972 1973 Project Year 2 ProJect Years 3-7
Cattle Smallstock Cattle Smnalistock Catte Smallstook Cattle Smallstock Cattle SmallstoWk
Shvar 6 -Mopti-Fatoma 35,557 499673 47,817 84,691 29,809 52,290 36,000 51,000 43,200 61,200
Kona 25,836 36,097 19,895 37,000 23,465 40,250 25,000 38,000 30,000 45, 6 00
Douentza 13,200 46,700 13,267 36,384 15,006 42,500 14,000 44,000 16,800 52,800
Boni 7,857 9,516 10,898 12,560 15,921 16,641 11,000 13,000 13,200 15,600
Tenenkou 14,806 7,295 10,791 6,897 - - 14,000 7,000 16,800 8,400
June 27, 1974
ti,
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Livestock Markets
Investment Cost
(MF '000)
Units Unit Cost Sevar Keona Douentza __Boni Tenenkou Foreign ExchanRe Local Taxes rotal
Fencing barbwire /1 300 m 1,060 1,060 1,170 525 425 2,120Fencing barbwire /1 310 m 1,160 1,160 1,160 1,920 865 695 3,480Fencing metal tubing 370 m 4,660 4,660 5,130 2,325 1,865 9,320Fezncing metal tubing 180 m 2,260 2,260 2,260 3,730 1,695 1,355 6,780Concrete vaccination paddocks 2,440 2,440 1,950 1,955 975 4,880Concrete vaccination paddocks 1,840 1,840 1,840 2,210 2,210 1,100 5,520Loading ramp 650 650 650 650 650 1,340 1,410 500 3,250Office and guard housirng 2. 45 m2 80/r
23,600 3,600 2,880 3,220 1,100 7,200Offic- and g,,Ard hcuxing 2/ ,0)2 80/.
22,400 2,400 2,400 2,880 3, 22001 I,200
Well 230 a 170/m 3,400 3,400 3,000 2, 710 1,090 b,800Well 15 m 1
70/m 2,550 2,550 2,250 2,030 820 5.100Well 10 m 160/n 1,600 710 635 255 1,600
Water storage 30 rn3
40/a3
1,200 1,200 960 1,080 360 2.400Water st3rage 20 m
340/c
3BoO 800 800 960 1,080 360 2,40(0
PuJmps 3 eacl: 330 330 330 330 330 1,130 190 330 1,650Watering trouigh 30 mS 20/c 600 600 480 540 180 1,200Watering trough 15 m 201m 300 300 300 360 405 135 900lScale 660 660 660 660 660 2,260 250 790 3,300Miscellanecins / S250 1l,OS 600 700 500 61640 3t,635 43,00
Sub-Total 19,850 18,800 13,550 14,500 12,500 36,960 28,170 14,0-'0 79,200Supervision of Construction (77.) 1,390 1,320 950 1,01 40
_ B84 -_.550
Sub-Total 21,240 20,120 14,500 15,510 13,380 41,400 29,280 14,070 84,750Physical Contingency j 060 1,010 730 780 670 2j160 _,380 710 )
TOTAL 22,300 21,130 15,230 16,290 14,050 43,560 30,660 14,780 89,000
/i Six strand barbwire on metal posts./2 Single structure diuided for Jffice and guard housing./3 Hand puwss to fill reservoir and watering trouigh./4 Office equipment, pump :;pare parts, hand tools, etc.
June 27, 1974
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Livestock Markets
Income and Operating Cost Prolections
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3-7 Year 8-12 Year 13-20
Sevare Kona Douentza Boni Tenenkou Total x 1.2 x 1.5 x 1.9
VolumeCattle Hlead - 36,000 25,000 14,000 11,000 14,000 100,000 120,000 150,000 190,000Smallstock Read - 51,000 38,000 44,000 13,000 7,000 153,000 183,000 230,000 290,000
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~M FOO-
RevenueCattle Fee 1/ - 5,400 3,750 2,100 1,650 2,100 15,000 18,000 22,500 28,500
Smallstock Fee 2/ - 1.275 950 1.100 325 175 3.825 4.575 5.750 7.250
Total - 6,675 4,700 3,200 1,975 2,275 18,825 22,575 28,250 35,750
Operating CostManager - 600 600 600 600 600 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000Laborer - 260 260 260 260 260 1,300 1,300 1,560 1,820Guard - 260 260 260 260 260 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300Maintenance (2.5%) - 550 525 375 400 350 2,200 2,640 3,300 4,180
Miscellaneous 3/ - 300 255 225 200 200 1.180 1360 1.740 2.200
Total - 1,970 1,900 1,720 1,720 1,670 8,980 9,600 10,900 12,500
1/ FM 150 for use of market facilities.2/ FM 25 for use of market facilities.3/ Small operational items.
January 10, 1975
ANNEX 9Page 1
TALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
I-lopti Trial Station
Background
1. The internal delta of the Niger River system is an area of uniquevalue. Agriculture and fisheries apart, its grasslands effectively supportthe whole of the cattle industry of the 5th Region, and some neighboringareas.
2. At the same time, the delta is an area of many problems and con-flicting interests. In recent years, the spread of shifting rice cultivationhas spoiled the grazing potential by an estimated 150,000 ha of bourgou andother floodplain grasslands. The bourgou grasslands -- dominated byEchinochloa stagnina and Vossia cuspidata -- are the Tost valuable grazingresources of the delta.
3. It is imperative that the forage potential of the delta be pro-tected against future deterioration and that the productivity of areasalready damaged be restored. If land-use in the delta can be rationalized,there will be opportunities for greatly intensifying present systems oflivestock production, including the retention of animals in the delta forlonger periods of the year. Ilowever, if this is to happen, it will benecessary to develop methods for the control of parasites and insects,as well as to establish the economics of different production techniques.
Present Research Facilities
4. Livestock and grassland research is currently under way at twoGovernment centers in Mali:
(i) Centre National de Recherches Zootechniques de Sotuba, whichhas good animal facilities and a land area of some 700 ha; and
(ii) Station de l'Elevage et de Recherches Zootechniques du Sahelde Niono, which has equally good facilities for field research(including both a ranch and access to the irrigated lands ofthe Office du Niger) and yards for feedlot trials on a semi-commercial scale.
In addition, feeding trials are conducted by the Office du Niger itself, usingby-products from irrigation farming.
A:NNEX 9Page 2
5. Current research programs are largely irrelevant to the uni(lUeproblems of the Niger delta. An exception is the feeding trials that havebeen undertaken at Niono (and, to a lesser extent, by the Office du N:.ger).The capability of the Niono station for future feedlot work is suffic: entto make it unnecessary to consider major feedlot facilities at M4opti.Although the feedstuffs immediately available at Niono and Mopti are -otalways comparable, there is no reason why Mopti-type rations could nol: besimulated in the Niono yards, as and when required.
Project Provisions
6. The project provides for the establishvnent of a 150 ha trialstation on the east bank of the Niger, 8 km north of Htopti, to be staffedby one Livestock Research Officer (in-charge), one Pasture Agronomist,, andsupport staff. The Pasture Agronomist would initially have to be an ex'tat-riate, who would be replaced in PY 5 by a Malian.
7. The purpose of the trial station is:
- to determine methods for restoring the productivity ofdegenerate bourgou;
- to study production increases from natural pasturesthrough grazing management;
- to identiLy productive forage plants that can be used toreplace o;r supplement the natural grasslands of the delta;
- to establish, through combinations of different categories o;-land and forages, systems of land and forage resource managernentthat provide for the nutrition of animals kept year-round in thedelta;
- to establish appropriate regimes of parasite and insect cont:oLfor maintaining the health and productivity of cattle and sheepkept year-round in the delta; and
- to determine, by stall feeding, the potential value of the fcragesproduced on the station or available locally.
In addition, it is anticipated that the station will grow Acacia albidcseedlings, for distribution for planting in suitable areas. In all, 40-O50ha will be developed for irrigation and simulated flooding regimes.
8. Individual studies will include:
- methods for reestablishing Echinochloa or alternative speciesunder simulated flooding regimes;
ANNEX 9Page 3
studying of potentially useful forage plants under a varietyof flooded and irrigated conditions;
assessments of the livestock carrying capacities of represen-tative grassland types;
comparison of alternative antihelminthic regimes and insectrepellents on cattle and sheep; and
- feeding trials for milk and meat production.
9. Techniques worked out on the station, especially those focused onanimal husbandry, will be tested in collaboration with two nearby villages,probably Nimitogo and Tourorongo. The former comprises mainly Peuhl cattle-men and some rice cultivators and the latter mainly Marka rice cultivators.The difficulties encountered in incorporating new technologies, as well astheir social and economic consequences, will assist in framing the futurework of the station. It is anticipated that this pilot extension programwill incorporate a small livestock credit component.
10. While the station is regarded as an outstation of ODEM, closeliaison will be needed with the Institut d'Economie Rural (IER), whichcontrols the research program of the Ministry of Production, including thestations at Sotuba and Niono (para 4). The work program of the Mopti TrialStation would therefore be subject to annual review by a Research Committeeunder the chairmanship of the Director of IER or his representative, andwith membership comprising the Director of ODEM, the Director of the Stationde l'Elevage et de Recherches Zootechniques du Sahel, and the LivestockResearch Officer and Pasture Agronomist of the Mopti Trial Station.
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6~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ 0s 00 0n 00 r.
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ANNEX 9Table 2
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
ODEM - Mopti Trial Station
Operating Costs and Income
(M ' 000)
Unit --------------------------------- Project Year ---------------------------------Cost 1 2 3 4 5-20
Mo. Coat- NO. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost
A. OPflAT ING COSTSSalariea and Wages 1/
Director of the Station 2/ 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000 1 2,000 i 2,000Pasture Agronomist 20,000 1 20,000 1 20,000 1 20,000 1 20,000 1 2,000Assistant Livestock Officer 1,300 1 1,300 1 1,300 1 1,300 1 1,300 1 1,300Technical Assistant 3/ 960 3 2,880 3 2,880 3 2,880 3 2,880 3 2,880Mechanic 610 1 610 1 610 1 610 1 610 1 510Driver-Mechanic 400 4 1,600 4 1,600 4 1,600 4 1,600 4 1.600Head Herdsman 400 1 400 1 400 1 400 1 400 1 400Herdsman 260 2 520 2 520 2 520 2 520 2 520Laborer 260 20 5,200 20 5,200 20 5,200 20 5,200 20 5,200Guard 260 1 260 1 260 1 260 1 260 1 260
Subtotal 34,770 34,770 34,770 34,770 16,77J
MaintenanceBuildings & Construction 4/ - 4,230 4,230 4,230 4,230Land Development 5/ J _______
Running Costs of Vehicles & EBuimentFour Wheel Drive Vehicle 6/ 1,875 1 1,875 1 1,875 1 1,875 1 1,875 1 11i75Van 7/ 900 1 900 1 900 1 900 1 900 1 900Motobike 8/ 100 2 200 4 400 4 400 4 400 4 400Tractor (60-70 HP) 9/ 2,250 1 2,250 2 5,500 2 5,500 2 5,500 2 5,500Lighting Plant 10/ 675 1 675 1 675 1 675 1 675 1 675Pumping Station 11/ 1 4.000 1 4.000 1 4.000 1 4.000 1 4,000
Subtotal 9,900 13,350 13,350 13,350 13,350
ReplacementVehicles & Equipment 12/ 5,420 6.920 6.920 6.920 _6.92i0
Purchase of LivestockBreeding Heifers/Cows 40,000 - - - 6 240 6 240 - -Breeding Bulls 60 - - -- 1/3 20 1/3 20 1/3 20Feeder Stee-s 30,000 - - 60 1,800 60 1,800 60 1,800 50 1,500Miscellaneous Livestock Purchases 13/ - - - 200 200 200
Subtotal - 1,800 2,260 2,260 1,720
Diverse Production MeansFertilizer 14/ 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000Seed 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000Concentrate Feed 15/ 700 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,600Minerals 16/ 20 30 35 40 45Vaccines, Drugs & Insecticides 17/ 40 60 70 80 90Miscellaneous 18/ .780 820 830 840 870
Subtotal 8,540 9.010 9,135 9.260 9.605
.OTAL OPERATING COSTS 58,630 70.080 70.665 70.790 52,595
B. INCOMECulled Cows 40,000 - - - - 5 200 5 200 5 200Culled Bulls 60,O0e - - - - 1/3 20 1/3 20 1/3 20Fattened Steers 50,000 - - 58 29,000 58 29,000 58 29,000 60 30,000Heifers 40,04e - - - - - - - - 5 200Miscellaneous Livestock 13/ - - - 400 - 400 - 400 - 400Milk 19/ - - - _ - 450 - 450 - 450
TOTAL INCOME 29,400 30,070 30,070 31,270
1/ Includes field allowances and provision for medical, leave snd other allowances.2/ Would be a veterinarian, specialized in livestock research.3/ One Infirmier Vet(rinaire and two Moniteurs Agricoles.4/ 5% of construction costs beginning with year following construction; excludes elaboration of contracts, supervision of works and
purchase of furniture.5/ Will be done by the Station.6/ 25,000 km/year at MF 75 per km for fuel, oil, grease, spare parts, repairs and insurauce.7/ 20,000 km/year at MF 45 per km for fuel, oil, grease, spare parts, repairs and insurance.B/ 10,000 km/year at MF 10 per km for fuel, oil, grease, spare parts, repairs and insurance.9/ 1,500 working hours/year at MF 1,500 per hour for fuel, oil, grease, spare parts and repairs.10/ 1,500 working hours/year at Mr 450 per hour for fuel, oil, grease, spare parts and repairs.11/ 20,000 m
3/ha x 50 ha x MF 4 per m
3for fuel, oil, grease, spare parts and repairs.
12/ 20% of original cost beginning with year of acquisition; includes pumps of pumping station valued at MF 9 million.13/ For exple for sheep and lambs for fattening for the Tabaski feast.14/ 50 ha x MF 120,000 per ha.
1/ 0,7 t per A.U. per year at MF 15,000 per t.16/ MF 300 per A.U. per year.17/ MF 600 per A.U. per year.18/ 10% of diverse production means; includes office expenses.19/ 30 cows x 300 1 milk/year/ME 50.
January 10, 1975
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
ODEM - Staff Training Costs
(MF'000)
Unit ---------- Project Year --------------------------------Cost 1 2 3 4 5 Total
No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost, No. Cost No. Cost No. CostTraining at CNRZ/Sotuba /L
Travel Mopti-Sotuba 5 30 150 30 150 30 150 20 100 20 100 130 650Living Cost Allowances /2 36 30 1,080 30 1,080 30 1,080 20 720 20 720 130 4,680Education Materials 4 30 120 30 120 30 120 20 80 20 80 130 520
Subtotal 1,350 1,350 1,350 900 900 5,850
Annual Seminars at Mopti /3Seminar Costs andLiving Cost Allowances 10 122 1,220 131 1,310 152 1,520 156 1,560 156 1,560 717 7,170
Training Abroad2-Month Fellowship /4 950 3 2,850 3 2,850 - - - 6 5,700Formal Training Abroad(man year) /5 1,700 - 2 3,400 2 3,400 - _ 4 6,800
Subtotal 2,850 6,250 3,400 - - 12,500
TOTAL STAFF TRAINING COSTS 5X420 8,910 6,270 2,460 2,460 25)520
/1 Four-month courses at the "Centre National de la Recherche Zootechnique de Sotuba in livestock husbandry,range management and livestock extension for ODEM's medium and lower grade technical staff.
/2 MF 200 per participant per day./3 For all project technical staff.
__ For senior Malian project staff to visit ongoing livestock projects in Africa; includes living costallowances (MF 7,500 per day) and transport costs (MF 500,000 per person).
/5 For four Malian graduates to replace expatriates; includes living cost allowances (MF 100,000 per month) andtransport costs (MF 500,000 per person).
Spnrat>pmh,r A_ 1Q77A
ANNEX 11Page 1
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Preinvestment and Other Studies and Project Preparation
Apart from the Mopti Trial Station (Annex 9), the execution of theproject requires or would benefit from:
(a) preinvestment studies for well construction, which are conditionsof disbursement;
(b) studies in support of a regional livestock development plan; and
(c) miscellaneous studies, e.g., concerning the testing of functionalliteracy programs, tree planting, fiscal and credit systems.
The main responsibility for designing and executing these activities willrest with the Planning/Management Unit of ODEM.
A. Preinvestment Studies
Study No. 1: Human and Livestock Census, Seno Mango (Controlled grazingarea and site for water development).
Objective: To determine the number and distribution offamilies and livestock likely to use the area and the herdcomposition.
Execution: By enumeration, under the direction of theCommunity Development Officer and Livestock Economist ofODEM, utilizing the field staff of the Pastoral Serviceand the Animal Health Service.
Duration: Three-four months for the initial census,starting in PY1 as soon as possible; supplementary dataconcerning particular groups will need to be collected inPY2 and PY3 prior to each year's well development program.
Study No. 2: Socioeconomic Surveys, Seno Mango
Objective: To determine (a) the proportion of localvillagers and livestock that will actually participatein the Seno Mango scheme; (b) the numbers of animalsfrom further afield that will be accommodated, seasonallyor permanently, and the areas that will be reserved for
ANNEX 11Page 2
their use; and (c) the forms of cooperative organization andthe conditions of participation that will be introducedfor purposes of management. This information will beincorporated into an outline plan for the Seno Mango,indicating a proposed subdivision into development units,each with allotted users, livestock, and management system.
Execution: By dialogue with the pastoralists concerned,enquiry into social organization and attitudes, and discussionwith representatives of other government departments; to De
planned and directed by the Planning/Management Unit of ODEX(especially the Community Development Officer, LivestockEconomist and Range Management Officer), supported by thePastoral Service. The Livestock Economist will need tosupport development proposals by economic analyses.
Duration: About four months initially, comprising threemonths of field work (concurrent with Study No. 1) and sixweeks' analysis to prepare for the first season's developmentprogram; subsequently about one month of field checking anGhanalysis will be needed to precede and update each developmentseason.
Study No. 3: Well-siting Survey, Seno Mango (in the light of Annex 6)
Objective: To choose specific sites for well-digging.
Execution: Site selection by the Water Development Offic,rand, as required, a consultant hydrogeologist (Annex 6,Appendix 3), working in collaboration with the RangeManagement Officer.
Duration: About three weeks prior to each season's work,concurrent with Study 2, with intermittent supervision andlresiting by the Water Development Officer during well-digging operations.
Study No. 4: Ecological Studies, Seno Mango
Objective: As part of wider ecological studies (Study No. 4),to maintain a record of range condition and trend, and toestablish better guidelines for determing livestock carryil,gcapacity.
Execution: Transects and study plots, established andrecorded under the direction of the Range Management Offic!r.
Duration: Intermittent throughout the project period.
ANNEX 11Page 3
Study No. 5: Predevelopment Range Survey, West Gourma and Batouma-Bore(Areas for water development)
Objective: To site new surface reservoirs in a manner thatwill optimize the investment, providing sufficient water(if feasible) to permit 200,000 cattle to remain east of theNiminiama-Adiou line until mid-November and, subsequently, onthe Bore plain until the end of November.
Execution. Reconnaissance survey and air-photo interpretationby Planning/Management Unit, especially Range ManagementOfficer and Water Development Officer, who will jointly decidethe final sites in relation to topography, grazing conditionsand estimated livestock populations; the design of appropriatestructures for the reservoirs will be undertaken by a con-sultant water engineer (Annex 6, Appendix 1).
Duration: About four weeks, probably in PY2, immediatelypreceding construction work.
Study No. 6: Predevelopment Range Survey, West of Delta (Areas for waterdevelopment)
Objective: As Study No. 5, but designed to permit (a) 200,000cattle to remain in the Mema until mid-October, and sub-sequently to delay their onward passage (cf. Study No. 7) sothat they arrive at the delta in mid-November, (b) 150,000cattle using the Diafarabe area to remain west of theBarakabougou-Kerke line until mid-October, and (c) up to50,000 cattle to divert from the Diafarabe area to the oldKotia area and remain east of Dioura until mid-October.
Execution: As for Study No. 5.
Duration: About five weeks, early in PY1.
Study No. 7: Geophysical Survey, West of Delta (see Annex 6, Appendix 2)
Study No. 8: Land Resource Assessment, SW Dioura
Objective: To determine land capability and devise anintegrated development plan for the area southwest of Dioura,optimizing the use of the wells scheduled for that area (cf.Study No. 7), in balance with other physical, and human andbiological resources.
AN:CX l;lage 4
Execution: Air photo interpretation, followed by combi:kedecological and socioeconomic surveys by the Planning/Ma&-age-ment Unit supported as required by consultants. A semi4.etailedsoil survey will be required if early indications suggestagricultural settlement.
Duration: About two months, probably in PY2.
B. Regional Livestock Development Plan(Including Identification of Future Investment Programs)
Study No. 9: Surveys of the Central Delta
(i) Pastoral land use survyy
Objective: To map the movements and territories of pastoralgroups in relation to the grazing resources of the delta, asa basis for planning and organizing ODEM activities.
Execution: The vegetation-topographical map at 1:50,000 scaleby the UNDP/FAO Migratory Locust Project will form a base mnapfor refining or regrouping grassland types and superimposingthe movements and territories of pastoral groups. The surveywill be conducted by the Planning/Management Unit (especia:lythe Community Development Officer and Livestock Economist)with the support of the Pasture Agronomist from Mopti Trial.Station, involving air-photo interpretation, pasture anal-s is,observation of herds and enquiry among pastoral groups. iIerdobserviation will be supplemented by enumeration and possi,)lyaerial counts. The firnal map will show the ownership anditineraries of herds along stock routes, including patter'1sand timies of dispersion and aggregation.
Duraticon: About 10O mornths, broken into two periods of fivemonths in consecutive dry seasons, the eastern delta bein:studied. in t'ne first season and the western delta in theseconds The f4rst field season will 'e preceded by areconnaissance survey to establish methods.
(ii) Aoeconomic sure
Obljctive- To divi-de the delta into discrete dev elopment Irnitsbased on opportunities for agriculture, livestock and othe-(e.g., :fishery) development, havIng in mind the need to co:ifinethe sDreAd of cultivation to areas of best agricultural po:en-tial while safeguardioig and developing the pasture resourcl] ofthe delta for the benefit of the regional livestock indust:y.
ANNEX 1 1Page 5
Execution and Duration: To be decided. In part this studycan be combined with 9 (i) but in its entirety it requires amajor agricultural input (including soils and hydrology). Thebest approach, and the consultant requirement, can be decidedwhen 9 (i) is being planned.
Study No. 10: Hydro-Ecological Survey, the Delta Fringe
Objective: To determine the feasibility of developing shallowgroundwater for crop or pasture use on the fringes of thedelta.
Execution: A reconnaissance or semidetailed survey of waterand land resources, undertaken by the Water Development Officerand possibly a consultant soil surveyor and/or irrigationengineer, assisted by the Pasture Agronomist and/or the RangeManagement Officer.
Duration: Probably undertaken as an extension of 9 (i).
Study No. 11: Hydrological Survey, East of Seno Mango (see Annex 6,Appendix 5).
Study No. 12: Livestock Census, 5th Region
Objective: To determine the livestock population of the 5thRegion.
Execution: To be planned by the Livestock Economist, probablyto involve aerial sampling combined with ground checks duringother studies and at the time of aerial sampling (immediatelybefore and after the rains, when the livestock are concentrated).
Duration: Possibly before and after the rains in PY2 and PY3;the exact replication and duration will depend on the methodsused and the success and coverage of the first counts.
Study No. 13: Identification of Discrete Development Areas, 5th Region
Objective: To complete the division of the Region into discretedevelopment areas and to establish more precisely their develop-ment opportunities and requirements, as a basis for decidingpriorities and planning future livestock activities.
Execution and Duration: Data on ecological and livestockpotential, present land-use, social organization and waterresources to be accumulated during other work by the Planning/Management Unit; to be finalized in PY3, when four to sevenmonths will be devoted to completing area surveys and preparing
ANNEX l 1
Page 6
new project proposals, with consultant support as appi^opriate.In the preparation of the latter proposals, considerati1on willbe given to opportunities for ranching and fattening in thesouth of the 5th Region.
Study No. 14: Ecological Studies, 5th Region
Objective: To provide more reliable assessments of rangecondition and trend and the livestock carrying capacity ofrepresentative grazing areas, required in support of futuredevelopment planning (Study 13).
Execution and Duration: As Study No. 4.
C. Miscellaneous Studies
Study No. 15: Functional Literacy, 5th Region
Objective: To determine the response of representativepastoral groups to functional literacy programs, as a mediumfor transferring new ideas and applying livestock extensionprograms.
Execution: To be designed by the Community DevelopmentOfficer in conjunction with the Functional Literacy Serriceand applied with the assistance of the Pastoral Service.Priority will be given to the Seno Mango area. On the '.videnceof early tests, more comprehensive programs are likely .o beinitiated.
Duration: Intermittent throughout the term of the projec .
Study No. 16: Tree Planting Trials, 5th Region
Objective: To determine (a) the potential value under Thealconditions of a variety of fodder trees and shrubs and ())efficient methods for the establishment and utilization of'Acacia albida and other species of recognized value.
Execution: Study plots to be laid out in consultation bitweenthe Water and Forest Service and the Pastoral Service asrequired.
Duration: Intermittent throughout the project period.
ANNEX 11Page 7
Study No. 17: Legal and Tax Systems for Controlling Grazing and LivestockNumbers, 5th Region
Objective: To review present legislation and fiscal (primarilytax) policies governing livestock and land-use in the 5thRegion and to indicate ways in which amendment could assistin realizing desired development objectives.
Execution: By one or two consultants.
Duration: About 6 man-months, in PY3 or 4.
Study No. 18: Livestock Credit, 5th Region
It is anticipated that under the program of work of the MoptiTrial Station (Annex 9), two or three villages will be incor-porated into a pilot scheme for testing livestock credit forfodder and meat production.
hed -1vhs,,e- F-i-tri-s - Wilh-~ b ll esee
Lehi he-isheSit 2 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~2 3 4 5 6 3 8 9 ii hI 6 2 is 04 is it i his 19 20
N..ehe 54h.hhh 5172,020 5 9h7.sia 612,303 605,426 614,603 62h,.856 622,625 622,h782 h6246I 6027,207 629,800 6310,691 633,945 636,126 6380,2h0 640,616 642,h830 645,049 641, 286 64.3W. s h. 54,000 51Y, 202 59. ash 61. 230 60,543 626460 62, hit 62,262 62,200 62,4t2 6 2, 7h29 62,900 6 3,2189 63, 395 63,603 63,030 64,062 64, 203 64,525 64. 729 6,9
hIf.r hel- N 80. hhhh 63 2825 143,356 14h.h53 145,3h02 147, 5h5 149,hhh 149,42i hh9.46h h49,9h9 15h.549 hh ,h152 h5h,654 h52,h1472 h5h,63h17 h453,200 h53,34h h54,29 hhho h5,4 ,lleiiers a-a ~ 9s. hhh.hhh hhh,Whh h25,06h lo4.Iss h38,36 436,Sih 030655 hh,i h,h 4,h h4,hIh,i 4,h 4,5 4.h 363.3I I 46hi 164,23 h45.h22 14,2 i6h2
heaters 3-6 aer0M. h,h0h ihh,h2h ihh,49h4 95, 392 I, 6h4 ih17 8h13 ,2h:, 15 0 11,4h02 12hi,21h3 122,h45 122,79 12 02,825 223, ih6 i03, h3 h24,21 ih i4,622 1225 h2 009,65 2,5 2,32 ai shOhr s.. 9h,hh hh,h Ih7 .h hhIh hI97 4,29 hh75 i 1hh 62,Ihh 1h2,432 112,912 113,364 2h3 ',4 h14,hhh 204,503 hh4,908 h65,Shh 225,hh Oh,h ,h h,1
alhs02sesNi. hOhOhO 19,200 90,600 92,463 92,580 89360 09,609 89,403 00,36 08,5~60 0,6129h 89,200 69,352 69,655 90,h46 92,45 9020 9009 h960 00,226 hh4Mies23 atr N.. 00,000 90,002 22,072 803,642 60,4604 00,944 25,063 2522 25,0920432 2439 2674 ,:60 742 2,2 25,416 2,2 595 2,53 2,2 6262,6heOe 94 ystsh. 20,000 92,220 83560,i 67,746 25,60 35,1: 66 2,710 32,359 20,755 7h,593 69,0 69,927 76,033 20,432 70,264 20,969 26.073 36 426 2,2 2146 067
Oehrs 4-5 9cn$ ts.~~~~~~~~~N 62,000 6250 7h,621 70,04 5396 5,85 5644 52,992 40,66 40,020 46.04Q9' 48,232 46,249 49,25 40,590 60,7992 68,955 49 ..h 4,04952963S-ire 0lder 6bs 5 Irm N.. _50,h2 III .0875 _56.040 66, 206 75.4,94 68,2227 67,5613 64.159 _62.352s 5.125 546011- 53.036 5I.83 51.094 52._204 50.579 50.566 50.663 5 2 599 5 6
…-i Os. 2,522,~~~~~~~~1~ 00 00 h,355. 766 1.6312.h52 h658 0 I36 2 625 2210 2 692,96 h693 64I5 0 668,56h 16864,439 0,693 872 1 605 692 66906 663s 16044 h2322 23556 h7526 60
T-t1AisiO,6 LI is. 2~,239,009 1.~268,882 0,3_30,634 2,3~61,436 1,375.162 1,388,609 1,503998139 9129 ,2,22 1,2,53 1.374,416 1 0375 8614 1 138 205 1,382.489 0,306.678 6.392136 2 395,247 _1.40 45Q 1_405238 2 0 2 . 3
N,heeOhsah. 262,024 172,606 629,295 103,691 262,628 184,382 106,252 08h,785 206,695 68a,386 188,296 188,940 289,561 290,684 692,830 091,514 192,185 292,649 193,326 194,186 29 6Zshcle,O. 162,000 171,606 2159,695 185,9 RI60 19.8 686,252 186,785 006,835 687,366 088,166 100,942 1895.57 193.204 190,850 696,56419682116594.686 69 6
Ss VO63h-s 9s- 924,005 343,6 5,9 62,562 363,206 360,262 37,1 323,520 973.610 324,272 9 _76,372 372 800 3929 24 3800566 381,606 3863029 384,370 385 6~9h 302 030~ 90 2 8 2
Csss 9s. ~~~~~~~37,400 30,589 40,692~ 42,6331 42,1:I62 43,05G4 43,94 44,497 44,521 44,640 146,824 43,205 4o,056 45,305 45,459 45,620 45,180 45,939 46,292 456,22 4842OsOls is. 3,~~~ ~~202 3, 140 3,450 504 364 353 9 ,0 ,3 ,32 ,4 5764 3,29 529 504 3,017 3.630 5,444 5,077362 5,6Osi Ir nOseshs. 324201 94,3121 35,03-9 56,7138 36,326 36,0716 52,251 1 37,35 32,367 52,422 3263 32,720 3~7,923 38,631' 38,1I68 833 3,42 3,2 3, 17073 3 37 38,12
Seiters 0-2 ess6. 120 6,62 9,3/,01 886s,1 8,050 8,940 0,966 8,96h 0,995 9,033 ss9 9,299 9,129 h,6 19,3 5225 9,5 ,8 ,2osller 2 Y-3ao 9s, 0.040 7,~20 6:,224 2:,243 0,095 h,289 0,69 h,369l 6,404 6,420 6,4301 I,65 8,402 8,525 0,553 8,5841 661:111 8,46067 ,2h,3
Irlsse5- ses s, 6,02 6,642 6,6 5,3G,20 260 2,9I,4 7,824 7,900 ,2 792 7,96"29h 8,203 9,20 I,t ,9 8,2:,5 ,1794Bell essse is. 64,8025 5 6,6s 22,618 25,426' 22,:690 7 23,52 24,5203 712,204 24,2314 14,954 25,214 1556 2,21 2,1 33 666 2,'874 11,042' 21.4h6 22,614 22,44Osle 2-2acor Is, 6,02 5,400 6,216 6,450 0,613 6,539 6,638 0,205 6,24 686 6,746 6.7151 6,602 8,024 6,47 4,010 6,094 6,919 6,945 6,862 6,99
tsr,2-3 e. ys..5, 6h ,h22 4,2582 5,5 548 ,555 5,5462 5,327 5,364 5,512 5,306 5,569 53.350 3,313 5 ,3h 5 5,5,21 5,4 5,665,655,0Milin 3.4 osesi Os. ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~4,240O 5,280 3.460 4,324 4,03 4,2 4,833 4,504 4.506 4,506 4,462 4,463 4,472 4,4836 4,5014 4,329, 4.1,43 4,559l 4,1 ,9,0
.el. .-. ..e..s 3,460 4,200 4,963 522 4,065 4,548 4,532 4,543 4.234 4,245 4,236 4,694 4.196 4,208 4,226 4,243 4,251 4,21 4,6 436,2iles hdi hl-e S ...ses _hs. 3002 6,4020 6,611 6,431 2612 6.923 6,846 6,525 6,244 3.809 554 094 32h 5.196 5,197 5,044 5,144 ~ 5,152 ~ 5,163 5 2 ,9
0s2,, ts,tses s. 165,209 292,903 200,8604 704,396 2072,35 200.3~53 222,450 202,1209 712,30 0212,102 21,4 1.2 14. 282 214 9636_56 2~ 22 -202.056 217.8000 260542 20 30 220 06
4,,0 CsN s 32,402 32,490 40,041 42, 195 35,:021 60,9~45 69:2,60 24,503 1474 71 94:,734 24,555 15,2 75,576 25,627 % 76,12 2639 16,606i 76,874 7,5 146264
4,21 OlIn 4, 9,60 0,0 .8 ,6 ,6 60 9 ,2 ,0 ,3 9,46 9.6 9408 944 941 9,0 ,42 9,56 9.69 9,42 966 0,70hsl 9rhr , ,03 1,14 1,22 81 1,23 6267 12,90 6,204 8.3093 0,367 6,520 632 1325 2370 6,336 1,41,344 2,349 ,5 ,1 ,6sihr-e3-
4
ysN.lo. - - - - . -sleiss 0-8 lesss ts. 6,000 5,400 6,~~~~~~~~~~~~~2120 :6,61 12,9072 13,21~1 14,382f 25,646 06,03116 26,85 06,065 08,9317 172,OhS 62,06'66 221~1297 62,27 1:27,13 172,27 12,336 81,61 12,41
Mes2-3, yees9
, 6,0 3,02 2,28.3 ,2 ,8 ,3 ,4 ,940 0,094 856 8,0 92 695 998923 806910.60 9,429,7Osise 41 ,e O. 2, 3,500 4,036 0,54 0,h62 01,378 66,636 089,261 67,440 22669 62,648 12,421 27,46 755 70 12,479 h272367 6729 6,51791292Stres 010cr 66cr S Yts- 3s. 21,62 ,2 1,2 40,0 4,85 49,364 40,058 50,0I60 642 33887 32,397 31.46~4 30,32 4 30,010 3,00 33.iQ005 30,009 30,054 3.2 020 3,9
Ss6eI Ns-bre-s 90,000 94,463 96,6 1,0 3,47 142,203 158,021 065,938 263,069 1_62,931 161.410 L60.764 660,499 162,495 160,113 , 161,092 66.5 6,5 6,1 6,1 6,2
CelalriOst 0 60 60 60 68 60 00 60 00 60 tO 60 60 6 60 69 67 60 60 60 60 60Mstlt es"-.1lO- Ceise 0 20 20 26 2 20 20 20 02 20 20 2 2 20 20 20 20 70 20 228 2
-hsihe -e 0 42 48 40 4h 40 41 40 49 40 40 40 40 40 42 40 40 40 60 40 404-As% 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 6 6 6
CsllIsget-sc 6' 6 1 8 9 20 ii Il 122 I 12 12 12 1 2 12 1.2 12 2621-ssOe 5 25 05 65 65 15' I5 25 25 1,5 15, 15 65 65 iS 15 13 75 5 15 65 i
Oshh/hseRetis 10 00 10 10 1 10 10 20 10 18 0 22 12 10 68 10 10 0100Oi e-irr1lhis sst 40 68 46 48 46 49 48 46 41 40 46 46 40 46 46 40 48 46 48 48 4Cs%OelOr 36.0 36.8 36. 54. 38.2 36.3 36.7 36,9 37.0 37.6 52.2 37.3 32,.3 90. 33.3 .3 3I3.4 7, .4 437.4 33.
Ociss-le2 Y--oS.ld s 6 8 20 62 83 64 45 65 85 I5 41 05 i5 05 15 IS0 58Nee2:9yi :,IsId 2. 3 3 5 7 l 2 2 I0 10 60I 0 10 74 00 10 10 6i 1
Meleel-5 vretl OslO 4 5 5 5 ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~12 15 12 22 24 23 25 2 25 2525 2 2905 5 2 25 25SteeeotIIIshn-t sYes-8s02l 5 3I 3 35 35 35 35 95 35 35 35 35935353 53 55 9355
st-1 0stest 6.l 0 6 11 8.2 8.8 9.3 99 99 9.7 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 949. ,
Li,es = I O ,irl 000 89.2.2 sel 0.3 4.2.1 sere 1-2 ye-- 0.66A...; heier 2-3 y-er- 0.25 8,.6. heifer 3-4 y--e = 0.9 A,.1.6ee23 ere=0.0 8.2.; s,el 34 yee- - 0.95 0.0.2 -1-r 4-5 yss=1.2 A.U.1 btsll/-tee slIe this S ru- = 1.2 2.4.
MAL,
le-d lovove root,l 0h the hroj~ect
unit. D3ep- 2 1. 5 6 7 2 p 1 11 12 .3 i4-20
Cows Ne. 540,000 572,020 60,4,097 002,_ i1' 668,176 691, 724 726,413 742,689 765,400 765,400 74 ,40 , " 765,400 765,400 765,400 765,100
Nulls lie. 54,000I 57,202 4-3,28 .4,2e> 46,773 .4,4.4 0,1,49 51,915 531,578 53,174 53,578 531,575 53,578 53,578 53,578
Heifer Calves No. 110,000 137,285 4,P42, 162,6
94 £74,500 i83,030 189,56, 156,251 2,2,525 202,535-' 202,525 2'02,525 202,525 202,525 202,525,
Heifera 1-2 years No. L20,00 10 i3,100 a30O421 1I, 27, I 56, 184 165,729 175,705 151,980) i86,40i 191,4324 344'. 14,421, 11,4L 194q o 14,42Ii4,h~ j94,424
Hinfers 2-3 years ND. 114,000 .12,500 98,.'30 .1~,2P04 37,1, s'5 ") ,931 it,38 1,681 274,701 .60,465 106,61, L52, 47 156,617 1966147 156,647
Heffers 3 - 4 Years No. 103,000D 108,020 .01,901 9)2, ''4-~ 85,269 97,060 105,805 114,952 1q,1940 i23.252 .1,2 1,8o5 I4.,835 .,838 131,555
Soil Calves Wo. 90.100 102,961, 116,017 219, 71 147,~3 0'.2 !,525 157,969 163,542 168,774, O.6,771 .65,771 118,771 .65,771 264,771 165",771
Males -1-2 years No. I100,00 19,210o 90,268 10) 630 15, i40 1058,1P00 P,4 ,Ii 25 31,469 146, 704, ul6
700, 3, •701 236,704 106 701 .136,704
Mel ee 2-3 Yeses 110. 85,oo 000 11 (00 7i281 81 045 ( oo - 817 5 6 541 599 72,602 60,312 '.7,689 O.9, ul1 49,21.44,l 49, 214 1,;) 49,214.
Ml elo 3-4 yearo Ns. 70,000 52,720 56,45 0 2 78, 56 87,209 54, 0016 51 21 69,695B 57,900 ('5 4710121> 17,245 47,245 417, 24,
Malee lI 45 Years No. .1000 62,00 71 966 7 13, i5 2 6A,410 275 61, '2' -7,662 49, 233 41, 325Q ' 4 51544
OteoOlder lIhr 5) yeas, o.5.0..2 7 '0 62 5 59 4,64 40o1 1,86 2,2 5
011 705± ~ ~ 142 2
lotol Nulsoore No. L50 0 01 0
1,5)8 756 1 624 253 L,714 200 1 S'S o4' 1 S97,0~00 ,9m2' 5 4>9~1,020 216 1 P,2__ 2 1~94.__ 95i200 9k-127__1,,98 __3 _579, l24
lIe. (or lelucO 1100~~~~TI. 112.010 271 o26 18 051.91, L 1'7 0174 L,~77 0
'Ž 20o2 212 4.0 1 0 2 , 1 ~:0 41 >1 0,14,o
l1ll r-vo lO. 14.00 11 6 184 50 2,1 5046 ,1 T`2Ž,7 2.,6372 241,0 ?41,111t 2451,10 2o 12l iI 41 Ill 2,60 h,0
Costs No. 3,2,400 38,550 33,902 28,360 25,986 30,255 31,551 1,8 34,267 1~5,377 35,547 35,721 4559 5,8)OM90 35,5%9
hiulls No. 3,240 3,280 2,560 1,933 1,770 1,571 1,937 2,006 2,077 2,1431 2,143 2,143 2,143 2,14, 2,1.:
Hei2e- Calves Nio. 32,4oo 34,321 35,005 33,323 33,676 34,563 36,107 37,351 35,576 38,576 48,576 38,576 38,576 38,375 ~ 6, 76
Hleifers -1-2 years N.. 7,200 6,600 6,561t 5,970 6, 5083 7,072 7,321 7,583 7,850 5,103 8,101 5, 101. 5,101 5,111 6, 101
Heiefers -2-3 Years No. 6,540 7,200 5,170 5,217 5,731 6,247 6,789 7,028 7,279 7,536 7,777 7,777 7,777 7,777 7,777
Hifolers- 3-4 years No. 6,120 6,540 5,64o 3,929 3,756 4,002 4,363 1,742 4,I909 5,084 5,263 5.4`7 547 5,4~7 5,4 17
Null Calves No. 64,500 68,642 55,173 66,646 63,143 65,368 67,701 70,090 72,330 72,330 72,30 71,330 72,3310 72,3411, 72,334
Males I-2 Years No, 6,000 5,400 5,l48 4,643 5,175 5,593 6,101 6,319 6,542 6,751 6,751 6,751 5,751 6,751 6,751
Males 2-8 years No, 5,250 6,000 5,960 3,707 4,225 4,6o6 5,157 5,156 5,245 5, 299 5,465 5,468 5,468 5,468 1.,661
Males 3-4 years No. 4,900 5,250 4,550 2,551 3,2~62 3,634 3,500 3,384 2,904 2,4129 1,905 1,965 1,969 1,9)69 1,96,9
Maled 4-5 years No, 3,66o 4,200 4,156 3, 455 2,737 3, 131. 3,485 3.360 3,249 2?,755 2,316 1,531 1,590c 1,590 I,591
Stvers Older than 5 years No,. ,0 6,66o ~ 5,85 4,41 4,677 _,_.,_55,,~ 30 ~ 59 2,723 2.325 1,870 1,390 1,8124
Total Numhers 175,.14o 193.003 150,970 1,68 6,66 170,863 127570 1853,39588417 189,11 ~2- 65855 ----- 18,21- 15,19 17,7
Isales
:,IP Cow, No. 52,',00 '32,400 44,041 45,325 56,905 26,518 75,090 55,970 96 ,)20 107,1.56 107,156 .07,156 107,156 107,156 107,,56
Su,l. lul ls No. 5,100 8,1.00 9,152 5,659 7,967 8,4ig 5,71i6 4,017 9,345 ),644e 9,640, 4~,61'. 9,644 9, .40. 9),414
Cull Heifers No. 1,030 1,140 2,3D56 1,965 3,756 4,126, 4,498 1l,,8B 5,060 5,241 5,426, 5,42,21 Ž142_6 5, 424 l-42E
Heifers 3-4 years No. -- - - - - - - 262 17,595 23,123 20,701 32,735 32,738 32,738
Males 1-2 years No. 6,000 5,400 5,145 5,8o4 9,056 13,260 16,775 20,536 24,531 25,316 25,316 25,316 95,5,16 25,316 25,316
Males 2-3 years No. 10,000 3.100 3,960 7,413 oo,563 231,028 35,41,4 51,858 65,557 79,451 52,022 52.022 52,022 52,020 82,022
Males 4-5 years No, 10.500 5301C 6,618 9,510 9,582, 13,309 17,4112 19,3,22 20,304 17,425 14,475 11,445 11,511 L1,811 11,811
leer Older than 5 yeeeu P0 1,670 4oq23,88 680 t,8 42 53,877 59 ,,7 05t9:2 ,,l>21 9
uelN,ouber, 9---9---11,3 1743 5,92 1253 1 755,9855,5_306,780 305,519 3050 27.4 9j82~,
Produetlo,s Sets
Calving6 Rate 6o 6( 61 61 63 63 63 63 6~3 63 63 63 63 63 63
Moe,taloty Rate-Heifer Calves 20) 20 19 17 16 16 i6 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
-lull Calves 40 4o 37 31, 30 30 30 30 30 30 J 30 30 513 0
-Adults 6 6 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Colling Nate-Cows 6 6 7 5 9 10 11 12 23 14 11, 14 14 1IL 14
-Bulls 15 15 16 15 15 18 18 18 18 18~ 18 18 1-8 18 15
-Heifers I 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3333
R,ll/Cosw Ratio 5 10 10 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
Age at. First Calvinog Months 1 46 4 138 , 45 45 1* 5 45 15 45 45 45 45 45 4,
C-ss/Total Hierd 36 36.5 317.2 36.9 ?64,5 36.5 36.6C 37.o 35.0 35.3 38.5 15b.4 38.7 35.7 38.7
Males 1-3 years "lol n ce. 6 5 5 7 9 11 13 15 15 I, 15 15 15 15
Males 2-3 years Sold e.a 3 5 5 10 P0 30 40 50 60 60 60 60 64, 60,
Males 4-5 years Sold n.soa.55 21 114 17 20 23 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
steers Older than yeses Sold 5, .5, 35 .8 48 50 55 60 66 66 6F, 66 66 66 66 66
Total 101t1,1 Raet 6 ~ .7.3 5.0 8.U. 9,6 11,0 12.5 134 11,3 15.3 15.2 15.0 1,4.9 14.9
I Cost = 1 An! ml Usit (A.1..; calf ). 3 A.U1. Iear-r - 0.6 A.0.1 1,ci f- v-eoaro 0. 75 A.1.1 hei fer 3-4 yve- r. 1) A.4',;
msle 2-5 3Years 05. A1T.1, Made 3-'- yeses =0 .95 A,.,. osl m 4Ic "y- = I.. A.' .; lolI st-or oller 'h-s - yeses 1,1 2A.11.
Jesse 2, 1974
ANNEX 12Table 3
MALI
LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
ecremeneutl Beef and Mert Productiou fro, the Cattle Herd
(MF mfllio.)
CltnPrice/ Before Pro1ect Year
(MB) Developenut 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A. Without the Project
Beef
Cull Cows 25,000 810 810 1,001 1,195 1,378 1,514 1,690 1,863 1,868 1,868 1,874 1,882 1,889 1,896 1,902 1,908 1,915 1,922 1,929 1,935 1,942Cil1 Bulls 57,800 468 468 496 518 531 525 533 538 540 540 542 544 546 548 550 552 553 555 557 559 561Cu11 Peifers 22,000 23 25 25 21 27 28 29 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 30Heifers - 3-4 Years 22,000 - - - - - - - - -Males 1-2 Years 16,000 96 86 99 138 176 209 230 250 269 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 289Mlles 2-3 Years 27,500 275 83 65 125 178 178 246 246 246 243 244 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 251 252Meles 4-5 Years 54,400 588 190 225 465 553 619 905 989 960 962 960 951 951 954 958 962 965 968 971 975 918Eteeca Older thao 5 Years 57.800 1.253 2,365 1.955 2,341 2.589 2.334 2.315 2.200 2.105 1.959 1,873 1,819 1.777 1.752 1.739 1.734 1.735 1.737 1.741 1,746 1,751
Sub Total 3,513 4,027 3,866 4,803 5,432 5,407 5,948 6,114 6,017 5,870 5,792 5,740 5,709 5,698 5,699 5,708 5,723 5,739 5,757 5,775 5,794
Milk 2/ 972 1,030 1.07S 1.102 1.090 1.106 Ijg18 1.121 1.121 1.124 _1.129 1.134 1.137 1.141 1.145 1,149 1,153 1,157 1,161 1,165 1,169
T17TAL 4,485 5,057 4,941 5,905 6,522 6,513 7,066 7,235 7,136 6,994 6,921 6,874 6,846 6,839 6,844 6,857 6,876 6,896 6,918 6,940 6,963
B. With the Projget
Bee,f
Cull Co-e 25,000 810 810 1,001 1,208 1,423 1,670 1,902 2,149 2,410 2,679 2,679 2,679 2,679 2,679 2,679 2,679 2,679 2,679 2,679 2,679 2,679Cull Bulls 57,800 468 468 529 503 406 487 504 522 540 557 557 557 557 557 557 557 557 557 557 557 557Cull elifers 22,000 23 25 50 43 83 91 99 108 I11 115 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119Heifers - 3-4 Years 22,000 - - - - - - - - 6 387 509 631 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 720Melee - 1-2 Years 16,000 96 86 82 93 145 212 268 329 393 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405Moles - 2-3 Years 27,500 275 83 109 204 290 633 1,057 1,426 1,803 2,186 2,256 2,256 2,256 2,256 2,256 2,256 2,256 2,256 2,256 2,256 2,256Melee - 4-5 Years 54,400 588 190 360 517 521 724 949 1,051 1,105 948 787 623 643 643 643 643 643 643 643 643 643SteensOlder then 5 Veers 57800 3,108 3.271 2.822 2.596 2.217 47 1.186 1.186 15186 .t86_ 1.186 1186__ 1.18
Sub lstal 3,513 4,027 5,128 5,787 6,247 6,931 7,887 8,856 9,190 9,873 9,529 9,054 8,704 8,646 8,565 8,565 0,565 8,565 8,565 1,565 8,565
Milk 2/ 972 1,030 1,105 1.176 1,263 1,307 1,354 1.402 1.447 1.447 1,447 1,4444 7 14747 1 1.44,447 1447 1,,447
TOTAL 4,485 5,057 6,233 6,963 7,510 8,238 9,241 10,258 10,637 11,320 10,976 10,501 10,151 10,093 10,012 10,012 10,012 10,012 10,012 10,012 10,012
C. ENCREMENTALE BEYE ANDMILK PRODUCTION - _ 1,292 1,056 988 1,725 2,175 3,023 3,499 4,326 4,055 3,627 3,305 3,254 3,168 3,155 3,136 3,116 3,094 3,072 7,291-'
1/ Based ou ecomic beef pricee of: MB 340 per kg osrc-su c,eight (Asnex 2, pore 14) for export qleity cattle c(.ll bulle, -sles 4-5 years, esd steers older thee 5 years); 250 per kg carcass iwsight for 2-3 yeer oldfeeder steers to be fattened in Mali's southerm region; and MP 200 per kg carcesae veight at Mopti-S6vare m,rket for doeesticIlly coueeu,d ctttle (cull cows, heifers, cod meles 1-2 year. old).
2/ Cawo ix milk follofin clvino raer: 150 liter- mil per veer per c.ov fr f-h-mu nnne -n,, e- MB °0 7cr liter.
8epteeber 4, 1974.
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Incremental Meat and Milk Production from Sheep and Goats
No. of Sheep No. of Value Value Total Value
and Goats /1 Sales /2 of Sales /3 Milk Production /4 of Milk /5 of Production Inoremental Production
('000) ('000) (MF million) ('000 1) (MF million) (MF million) (MF million)
Before Development 2,000 600 1,800 15,300 306 2,106
End of Project Year1 2,000 600 1,800 15,300 306 2,106 -
2 2,060 618 1,854 15,759 315 2,169 63
3 2,122 637 1,911 16,233 325 2,236 130
4 2,186 656 1,968 16,723 334 2,302 196
5 2,252 676 2,028 17,228 345 2,373 267
6 2,320 696 2,088 17,748 355 2,443 337
7 2,390 717 2,151 18,284 366 2,517 411
8 2,462 739 2,217 18,834 377 2,594 488
9-20 2,500 750 2,250 19,125 383 2,633 527
/1 3% herd increase per year from PY 2-9.
/2- 30% extraction rate./3 Carcass weight 12 kg at MF 250 per kg.
/4 45% of sheep and goat flocks are ewes/goats of which 85% give 20 liters milk
per year for human consumption.
/5 MF 20 per liter.
September 4, 1974.
ANNEX 14Page 1
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Qualifications Required for ODEM's Senior Staff
Director
An experienced administrator, preferably with some formal trainingin the biological sciences, and with at least 10 years experience in Et iLead-ing position in Africa. He will be required to direct a mixed team of Malianand expatriate staff; he will hold responsibility for an annual budget ofsome US$2 million and he will negotiate and provide liaison with Governmentdepartments and international agencies. He must command respect and have anunderstanding of pastoral peoples. He should be conversant in French andpreferably English and be between 40 and 60 years old.
Deputy Director
A graduate in agriculture, animal production or veterinary science,capable of providing technical and administrative support to his Directcrand, when necessary, assuming full responsibility for the affairs of aninterdisciplinary development agency. He should have at least 10 years-experience in Africa, mostly in pastoral areas, and preferably in bothEast and West Africa. Previous responsibility for development program-, inpastoral areas would be highly desirable. He should be conversant in P'renchand English and be between 40 and 55 years old.
Range Management Officer
A graduate in a biological science, with qualification in rargamanagement, and with an intimate understanding of the ecology of arid landsin Africa. He must be fully competent in aerial photo interpretation.Previous experience with range development programs would be desirable.Ile will participate in, and probably lead, interdisciplinary range surveys,assess livestock carrying capacities, and be required to develop and ayp.ymethods for assessing range conditions and trends. He should be willing toaccept extended periods of field work, be conversant in French and Englishand be between 25 and 45 years old.
Water Development Officer
A graduate in hydrogeology (or in hydrology with a working knowl-edge in hydrogeology) with a broad understanding of rural water developLaentin Africa based on at least six years postgraduate experience. He willparticipate in interdisciplinary surveys, site surface reservoirs and wi!lls,supervise construction teams and interpret the hydrological and hydro-geological implications of soil and geological samples. Within reasonable
ANNEX 14Page 2
limits, he will be able to draw on consultant advice, but must be capableto a large degree of functioning independently and effectively in remoteareas and under harsh conditions. He must be conversant in French, andshould be 30-40 years old.
Livestock Research Officer
A graduate in animal production or veterinary science with atleast three years postgraduate experience in animal production in Africa.He will be required to direct an experimental station for forage andlivestock production and be responsible for its livestock component.His work will include feeding trials with zebu cattle and small ruminantsand work on parasite and insect control. Some experience in conductingand preferably designing and directing animal research is required. Theofficer should be conversant in French and preferably English and shouldbe 30-45 years old.
Pasture Agronomist
A graduate in agriculture or animal production with specializa-tion in pasture research, including at least three years postgraduateexperience in irrigated tropical grass production. He will be requiredto design and implement experimental programs for the rehabilitation andmanagement of floodplain grasslands and irrigated pastures, involving thesimulation of flooding regimes. Additionally, he will participate ininterdisciplinary surveys in the inundated zone of the Niger delta. Inhis research activities he will work in liaison with and under the directionof the Livestock Research Officer. He should be conversant in French andpreferably English, and be 30-45 years old.
Livestock Economist
A graduate in a biological science with postgraduate training ineconomics or a graduate in economics with several years experience in theagricultural sector. Experience in collecting and handling socioeconomicand livestock statistics is essential, as is a working knowledge of thetheory of samples and of the commoner forms of statistical and economicanalysis. The officer will be responsible for collecting and analyzingherd statistics, leading or participating in livestock censuses by combinedaerial and ground sampling techniques, and for determining the economicviability of specific investment programs. He will participate in inter-disciplinary surveys and must be prepared for extended periods of fieldwork. He should be conversant in French, and be 30-40 years old.
Comunity Development Officer
A graduate in a social science or education, or an experiencededucational or extension officer. The essential requirement would bean ability to collect and interpret socioeconomic data related to pastoral
AIN\EX 14Page 3
peoples. An understanding of forms of cooperative organization adapted toAfrican pastoral conditions is desirable, as would be a knowledge of thetheory and practice of teaching functional literacy. He will participat:e ininterdisciplinary surveys, collect census data, evaluate social organiz;tionsand attitudes, and assist in designing and evaluating forms of organizationfor the Seno Mango area. He will also provide liaison with the FunctioralLiteracy Service in testing and developing literacy programs. He shoult 'econversant in French and preferably Peuhl, and be 35 to 55 years old.
ANNEX5 15
Cost OCr-s Foreign
lsvootswnt Costs - 30576.930 toO Osaarmstleo 1)~~~~3 253 370C,- ~ ,> 22.6a 233,54 361.2 (84.0) 423/ ink's cod n- 28sot 2.23 4 2 >3 -. , 2'',73 '4 ( 42 '"~4 44.6) 59
opor-tlog Coals Salatt- a')oToo 73,3221061,- 23,3,0) 377.2 637.3 1,310.5 (18.9) 63-Coo...ttOtsl 1070400 - a.3 2-o- 12.0 I 33912.13 - 108
- Salsoloaoo..oa of lsilOiozs & Cosstrsnolzo4/,23' 17,430 '>' '' ~~~~~~~~~ 2.333 31.3. 33.1 93.3 (14.0) 42) 4- Oollolo (355-49 Coo-, &- 3o~P2s-aono) o. 33"77 4.1 197,1 290.9 (32.7) 66
0- Ch-r !..' 33c'c___ 32 93.3 539.6 246.7 (2.03 39
S,ibtotsi 3252 3'- 3 V '"' ' 34) ,028.0 0,337.9 2,406.7 (Z56.0) 19.8 57
bootsatCosts 7.. 3'7dI~ an aon,ta 34?. 4," ''5(2 193.7 186.6 3.3 (53.3) 3
- 'OolOoIos aod 3rvi~~~~~~~~~~~~~~zoo,1 33,3 3 ~~~~~"I (n'3310) 1 t.7 ~ 32.9 120.3 (34.3) 61
OsaogCoats - CaI-IS3 -1' -9,oZ 233 -7723) 3o31.2 - 396.1I (20.2) 8- Ž!o2olnoton of 2o•I.al.. c Csosstreetl.nc 3,3 323) 93.) 13.6 25.3 (6.3) 435. 13.4 28.5 (.3) 4
- Vohootos 33oo02og Coot,. 3 2oa1sootso~rn)44.81' 3 '3" C 9.4 3~9. 3 11.6 341. 2 (33.6) 68- tusarol Adoto!oln-os3on 242' ~~~~ ~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~74.7 1.3 13.3 (3.4) 80
Subtota1l,2 l35' 22,~ _ 1 2'0 (0 3 9172.3 095.1 3,469.7 (300.6) 13.0 34
1II. 08001'Aotos SoalO'3 S-"go.s--vot-os Costs - slo's00 oosvotIs0 2 3,1-73 42 9.1 73.5 163. 3 (25.8) 45
- ''o:lo .o 3 -040t 20, ' 3350 0'0 " '~' -2.3 71.7 125.9 300.0 (57.9) 61
op-taiog Costa oa'o o I~' 2 -. 00' 4(03 3 ' 2 - 1,393.3 (39.3) 0- 05'4000002'0.- 01 3nI1'7'o~t & C.. o00004400 2n,.97 6,~
237 s', ?'' f5643) 44,50 33.9 -3.6 (12.5) 45
-Vliio(.obnto.g Coals s & Rep o- 0 * -3 -14 1393 .23 32.0 395.4 648.) (162.1) 61
lOnorot 3lso2~~~~~~~~~~~~ 33 3~~~24,730.724 373.1 499.3 832.6 (93.1) 60G- 0'or, AOdnSlo,-too22 363 375.8 1-5.3 51.1 (5.) I30
S,Ib-ot. 9o'jO '0 513,3735 2 1 (300,422) 2,030.3 1,147.3 3,177.5 (420.2) 26.0 36
IV. foods nd WellsFoods. Popstnybo ,522 13143o `3333 10.3 30.9 41.3 (0.6) 75
- Coostoostioa no6 Ooootootoioo nO 9,,sota'sotloo, 32,303 3~0_5.320 '53 5~o" (23 633) 230.0 456.5 330.0 (37.0) 88- Poisslosesoo ll,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rcCob 44,30 ,03 24.5 93.0 '123.9 (12,2) 89
titus - Feopoooo.ory',Ycov2.o 1,203 23,333 3373 15.1 42.3 93.5 (3.6) 34~~~~~~~~~~~i,1 42.7 57. (3.) 7-Coosor-tio, 'oa0.fnooo f 5020sl. 7 1o .. , 37 2, 1,393,9 2,621.0 (64A. 45_ 68
S,,btolal 23'3,2512~ I ,093 I'C(.,3 391.0 3,421.3 3422 (257.6) 26.0 71
V. Hoot4
AhsIta4r.-104o tono7ooo4I1v-toot Costa ILs Fo-p,,ontloo LI 33 . - .L(61
i-,COo013orl, 39-26 3.378d3 7.3 66.3 034.2 (74.2) 43-Otiittiot 33'I,7 '3 22.7 23.4 43. 1 (7.5) 50
- Coo43,soot 2 ,1o32) ~~~~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~13.6 2.4.2 63.8 (9.1) 53
sO Cono2'ocllo.a .. ,/ (333) 3~~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.4 71.3 26.3 (09,) 80
u til--no (747V_ ~ ~ -) 3.2 3.3 8.3 (3.1) 40u i -ootoouo '' ' . La). 9.9 23.8 (3.4) 43
- l 1o. ieio 7373 2~) 5.0 5. 2 532.2 (2.8) 53-O0he0r2 5I1 .7 8.6 14.3 (0.3) 60
Subtolt ' " 4"! 7 'to2 `''.:'43 221.5 162.6 204.1 (53.1) 3.2 42
VI. l.vsotook M,,ktbolIov-t-st -t. t- C-so "solo 2 9 '. . 10 ,s32) 4.3 03.0 1.33. (35.3) 49
Op-o.tf-g Coot, Sata--- .'n0
3.'n40-- 23' 9.3 .3 . 49.0 (2.5) 0Iototovsoone ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3 0 ~~~~~~~~'~ 7.33 215 03,3 22.3 (3.4) 49
ot - .34,a.&3 . 4.77 12 ( 40
S,,eotot 1 L''3 ,733 264.7 307.7 272,4 (30.4) 0.3 - 40
VI" vest-'ot Cooto. 3o63l,i,-'o-oano C-ttnI 'i-n 57,003 0', ~- 00 M,,'353 '93.3.3 221,6 0(3.2) 43/.h',o o 33o20.~ 310.1 55.9 (14.3) 61U- .t-ollk - 0.3- 79 . 0
op-orstn Costs Salorl- s-o :4,o ' 023'02 20 431 2 .02 44, 5 133.3 366.3 (8.4) 51-z I q0ooOoo , 3.1 7 231 3 73 3 21-.8 25.0 37.6 (5.6) 42
- intlotos (tootin'C-Coto 43so1, o,ot3 1. 5.00n, 34* ' 2.3 2. 1. (53.6) 61- I.I'on.2oo3 3.243 - - 47.9 - 07.9 ' 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~179
Sohtoto2 317?_,47703527j 5 ,33 49 523. 7 3,003,3 (330.3) 8 .2 33
0001. Crs6o,4ne 72 422 1- .00i 2'2 7~~~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~~~~~2,79~ 333 5.44.3 .053
Thysiasi Cosllogonolas 4/ 94,373 239,? 7 '000 ,00'7 ,273) 473,0 426.3 693.0 (115.5) 0.10 7846.1 65.4 (15.3)5.0 7Frito Cootboooia C/1410 2'. 20 4O2('-,73 0§2 2,200 3 4.082.7 (614.2)3.03
Sobcotal OcInOson ,0.9 ,.o2I ,... , . 2231 2317 5,014.4L (329.4) 40.0 53
00s123 2OTAL 3133344f 2_10~'S .nIfl-2 2
,..~. 9.;39,., 04,1 3I7,700.0 (2.3t8:2) 52
T-CxsaeIooddS c: et2/S-ee-so 6. ltlo I n 2 ;Acao 7, toblo 2obono3,t_o7 otAos 3,.010
3/ Pint oot,agaois Coo sot; o nO43 0003.000080o..oy OoCt,1oonv,60-t 70.2'.'.o'-,'o.o' o 'voooo r32.oo o,too.oned Osr497o4S 151,,197, (3 1975975 ad123. 1o 936 -0 toh a2oo.- oooao4'3teroo.s oosi Wn ... ;,tn Vso-21. .o-74 0.t4,71-oo495hod7.7 14150co hosice. ho13.SoroseI4934 has-o toot, snlobs o' sIfn.n .osga,,lrooIto, o--'.. -aoll "i ts
1t, '
Jaoosy 13, 1975
ANNEX 16
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Project Cost Phasing
(MF '000)
---------------------- Project Year --------------------1 2 3 4 5 Total
I. ODEM - HeadquartersInveste-t t Costs - Buildings and Coostraction 252,100 - - - - 252,100
- Vehicles and Equipment 58,850 12,450 - - - 71,300
Operating Costs - Salaries sod Wages 94,460 99,060 99,060 99,060 63,060 454,700- Consultant's Services 12,000 18,000 12,000 12,000 - 54,000- Maintenance of Buildings & Construction - 10,500 10,500 10,500 10,500 42,000- Vehicles (Runoin Costs & Replacements) 24,985 26,485 26,485 26,485 26,485 130,925- Credit Trials - 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 12,000- Others 20.600 11.600 11.600 11.600 10,600 66,000
Subtotal 462,995 181,095 162,645 162,645 113,645 1,083,025
11. 00KM - pastor1 ServiceInvestment Costs - Buildings and Cnstruction 47,200 83,880 28,800 - - 159,880
- Vehicles and Equipment 28,850 900 26,650 - - 56,400
Operating Costs - Salaries sod Wages 30,940 43,700 58,120 61,000 61,000 254,760- Maintentaco of Buildings - 1760 2,720 4,160 4,160 12,800- Vehicles (Running Costs & Replacesents) 17,595 18,195 34,755 34,755 34,755 140,055- General Administration 5.370 7.130 8.330 8.330 8.330 37,49
Subtotal 129,955 155,565 159,375 108,245 108,245 561,385
111. ODEM - Aninal Health ServicesInve-st-et Costs - Buildings and Constroctism 12,000 61,500 - - - 73,500
- Vehicles sod Equipment 90,480 2,000 - - - 92,480
Operating Costs - Salaries sod Wages 101,520 101,520 111,300 111,300 111,300 536,940- Msinteanre of Buildings & Construction 6,000 6,300 8,440 8,440 8,440 37,620- Vehicles (Running Costs & Replacement) 58,020 58,420 58,420 58,420 58,420 291,700- Vaccines, Drugs, Medicaneors & Mineral Blocks 79,850 97,550 67,630 62,550 67,060 374,640- General Adcinist-ati.o 3,000 5.000 5.000 5.000 5.000 23,000
Subtotal 350,870 332,290 250,790 245,710 250,220 1,0.29,880
IV. Poods sod WellsPonds - Preparatory WorkS 13,880 4,640 - - - 18,520
- Construction sod Supervlsiooi of Construction 190,550 65,950 - - - 256,500- Maintenance - - 55,000 55,000- Physical Contingencies 19,055 6,595 - - 5,500 31,150
Wells - Preparatory Works 26,000 - - - - 26,000- Construction sod Supervision of Construction 428,815 385,470 365,160 - - 1,179,445- Maintenance- Yhysical Cuntingencien 83.750 74.640 72.550 - - 210,940
subtotal 762,050 537,295 437,710 - 60,500 ,717,555
V. Mopti Abhttoir - Ride Drving FacilitZInvestment Costs - Site Preparation 500 - - - - 500
- Civil Works 69,400 - - - - 19,400- Utilities 20,300 - - - - 0,300- Equipment 19,700 - - - - 19,700- Engineering Servloes & Supervision of
Csnstruction 12,000 - -- - - 12,000- PhysicaL Cantingencins 6,100 - - - - 6,100
Opersting Costs - Salaries sod Wages 1,680 5,120 5,520 6,180 6,700 25,200- Utilities 156 725 870 1,015 1,160 3,926- Maintenance - 2,200 2,560 2,700 2,880 13,340- Vehicles 250 900 1,100 1,300 1,500 5,050- Others 50 1.320 1.500 1.690 1.890 _,450
Subtotal 130,136 10,265 11,550 12,885 14,130 173,966
VI. Livestock MarketsInvesteset Costs - Construction & Supervision of Construction 84,750 - - - - 8. ,750
- Physical Contingencies 4,250 - - - - , 250
Operating Coots - Salaries sod Wages - 5,600 5,600 5,600 5,600 2. 400- Maintensoce - 2,200 2,640 2,640 2,640 1( ,120- Others - 1.160 1.390 1.390 1.390 _,330
Subtotal 89,000 8,960 9,630 9,630 9,630 121,850
VII. Mopti Trial StationInvestment Costs - Buildings sod Const-ructio 99,700 - - - - 99,700
- Vehicles sod Equipsa-ot 18,100 7,500 - - - 25,600- Livestsck 2,000 1,500 - - - 3,500
Operating Costs - Salaries sod Wages 34,770 34,770 34,770 34,770 16,770 55,850- Maintenance - 4,230 4,230 4,230 4,230 16,920- Vehicles (Ruoning Costs and Replacements) 15,320 20,270 20,270 20,270 20,270 96,400- Livestock - 1,800 2,260 2,260 1,720 8,040- Others 8.540 9.0tC 9.135 9.260 9.605 45 550
Subtota1 178,430 79,080 70,665 70,790 52,595 51 560
VIII. Tr.ii4 5.420 8,910 6.270 2,460 2,460 25 520
TOTAL PROJECT COSTS EXCLUDING PRICE OOITIHOGENCTES 2,108,856 1,313,460 1,108,635 612,365 611,425 5, 54.741
Price Contingencies 1/ 471.884 449.914 494.681 257.445 334,977 2.,28 9OI
G1011 TOTAL PROJEIT COSTS 2.600,740 1.763.374 1.603.316 869.810 946.402 7.;_,642
_t See Aone 15, iootoote 3.
J.anuary 10, 1975
ANSNX 17
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Financing Plai
(US$ '000)
Livestock Gassrs Goversaent ODEHM IA Total
1. 0DEH HesadquartersiSvctessct Costs - Beildings and Coo.tructios 84.0 476.2 586.2
- Vehicles and Equipenet 44.6 113.8 158.4
Operating Costs - Salaries and Wages 18.9 991.6 1,010.5- Consultants Services - 120.0 120.0- Maintenance of Bnildings &
Construction 14.0 79.3 93.3- Vehicles 72.7 218.2 290.9- Credit Trials - 26.7 26.7- Others 22.0 124.7 146.7
Subtotal 256.2 2,150.5 2,406.7
Il. ODEM Pastoral ServiceInvesttent Costs - Buildings and Constructions 53.3 302.0 355.3
- Vehicles and Eqoipsent 34.7 90.6 125.3
Operating Costs - Salaries and Wages 28.3 537.8 566.1M- aintenance of Buildings &
Constrtctios 4.3 24.2 28.5- Vehicles 77.8 233.4 311.2- General Adeinistratios 2.4 80.9 83.3
Subtotal 200.8 1,268.9 1,469.7
III. 0D7H Animal Health ServicesInvestment Costs - Buildings and Construction 25.8 137.5 163.3
- Vehicles and Equip=ent 57.9 147.6 205.5
Operating Costs - Salaries and Wages 928.0 265.2 1,193.2- Haintesance of Buildings &
Construction 12.5 71.1 83.6- Vehicles 162.1 486.1 648.2- Vaccines, DSugs, Medicasents &
Minerals Blocks 139.6 77.0 616.0 832.6- General Administration 5.1 46.0 51.1
Subtotal 139.6 1,268.4 1,769.5 3,177.S
IV. Ponds and WellsPonds - Preparatory Works 0.6 40.6 41.2
- Construction & Supervision of Construction 57.0 513.0 570.0- Maintenance 12.3 110.0 122.3
Wells - Preparatory Works 3.6 54.2 57.8- Construotion & Supervision of Construction 484.4 2,136.6 2,621.0
Subtotal 557.9 2,854.4 3,412.3
V. Mopti Abattair -Wide DrvinR FacilitiesInvestment Coots - Site Preparation 0.1 1.0 1.1
- Civil Works 24.2 130.0 154.2- Utilities 7.5 37.6 45.1- Eq,ipscnt 9.1 34.7 43.8
Engineering Services 09 25.8 26.7Operating Costs - Salaries and Wages - 52.3 3.7 56.0
- Utilities 0.2 8.3 0.2 8.7- Maintenance of Buildings &
Construction - 23.0 - 23.0- Vehicles 0.1 10.7 0.4 11.2
Others 0.1 14.2 - 14.3
Subtotal 42.2 108.5 233.4 384.1
VS. Livestock MorktcsInvesteont Costs - Construction and Supervision
of Construction 31.3 - 157.0 180.3
Operating Costs - Salaries and Wages - 49.8 - 49.8- Maintenance - 22.5 22.5- Others - 11.8 _ 11.8
Subtotal 31.3 84.1 157.0 272.4
VII. Mopti Trial Station_Ivestment Costs - Buildings and Constructions 33.3 188.3 221.6
- Vehicles and Equip-ent 14.2 42.7 56.9- Livestock 7.8 7.8
Operating Costs - Salaries and Wages 8.4 337 9 346.3- Maintenance - 5.7 31.9 37.6- Vehicles - 53.5 160.7 214.2- Livestock - - 17.9 17.9- Others 5.o 10.2 86.0 101.2
Subtotal 60.9 69.4 873.2 1,003.5
VIII. Tr.i_ iu 2.9 - 53.8 56.7
TOTAL COSTS BEFORE CONTIBGENCIES 139.6 2,420.6 262.0 9,360.7 12,182.9
ContingeaciesPhysical Contingencies 115.3 - 490.1 605.4Price Contingencies 45.2 901.7 90.2 3.471.6 4.508.7
Subtotal 45.2 1,017.0 90.2 3,961.7 5,114.1
GRBAX TOTAL PROJECT COSTS 184.8 3,437.2 352.2 ,4- ,,, 17.297.,D
! Encludes MF 50 oillios (US$ 100,000) for land d-velopsent financed n-der IDA's drought Relief Progran (Annes 9 Table 1)
January 10, 1975
A40010 1I
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Annual Disbur.ment of IDA Credit
(US$' 000)
PY I PY 2 PY 3 PY 4 PY 5 Total
I. ODEM HoadqsarternI-nvsttent - 3oilding and Constroction 476.2 - 476.2
- Vehicles and Eqoiprent 93.8 20.0 - - 113.8
Operating Coats - Salaries and Wages 206.0 216.0 216.0 216.0 137.6 991.6- Cacsoltants Servic-a 26.7 39.9 26.7 26.7 - 120.0- Maintenance of Buildings - 19.8 19.8 19.8 19.9 79.3- and Constroct ion- Vehicles 41.8 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 218.2- Credit Triala - 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.7 26.7- Others 38.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 20.1 124.7
Subtotal 883.4 368.3 335.7 335.2 228.4 2,150.5
II. ODM Service PastoralInvestment Casts - Boildiaga and Conotruetio-a 89.3 158.4 54.3 - - 302.0
Vehicles and Equilqent 46.4 1.3 42.9 - - 90.6
Operating Costs - Salaries and Wages 65.3 92.3 122.7 128.7 128.8 537.8- maintenance of 3ouidings - 3.3 5.1 7.9 7.9 24.2- sod Construction- Vehiclcs 29.3 30.4 57.9 57.9 57.9 233.4- ... cral Adninitrcation 11.6 15.4 17.9 18.0 18.0 80.9
Sobtotal 241.9 301.1 300.8 212.5 212.6 1,268.9
III.ODEM Animal Health ServicesIcvetmnot Cnsts - Buildings and Construction 22.5 115.0 - - - 137.5
- Vehicles and Eqoipenots 144.3 3.3 - - - 147.6
Operating Cots - Slaries and Wages 40.0 40.1 61.7 61.7 61.7 265.2- Mainteno.ce of Buildings 11.3 11.9 16.0 15.9 16.0 71.1
and Contructi.on- Vehicles 96.7 97.3 97.4 97.4 97.3 486.1- Vaccine,rD-rgs, Medictnents
and Miceral Blocko 156.7 190.5 102.4 83.2 83.2 616.0- Genrol Administration
Sobtotal 477.5 468.1 287.5 268.2 265.2 1,769.5
IV. Founds and WellsFonds - Preparatory Works 30.4 10.2 - - - 40.6
-- Coostroction and Sopervisian 381.2 131.8 - - - 513.0.f Construction
- Mainteance. - - - - 110.0 110.0Wells - Foeparat-ny 'dsrks 54.2 - - _ - 54.2
- Co-struction and Supervision 776.8 698.3 661.5 - - 2.136.6of Construction
Subtotal 1.242.6 840.3 661.5 - 110.0 2,854.4
V. Mopti Abattoir/Hide Driving-Facilities
Inve-stent Cots - Site Preparation 1.0 - - - 1.0- Civil Works 130.0 - - - - 130.0- Utilitise 37.6 - - - - 37.6- Equiprnot 34.7 - - - - 34.7- 8ngineering Services 25.8 - - - - 25.8
Operating Costs - Salary and Wager 3.7 - - - - 3.7- Utilities 0.2 - - - - 0.2- Haintenance - ..--
- Maitenan 0.4 0.4- Others - - -
Subtotal 233.4 - - - - 233.4
VI. Livestoock MarhetsInvestment Costa - Construetion aod Su-resviaiee 157.0 - - - - 157.0
of Conatruction
Operating Costs - Salaries and Wages - -- lsintsnaoce --. -Others - -
Subtotal 157.0 - * - - 157.0
Investnent Coats - Boildingo and C-nstruction 188.3 - - - - 188.3- Vehicles and Equip-eouts 30.1 12.6 - - - 42.7- .ivestolck 4.5 3.3 - - - 7.8
Operating Coats - Salaries and Wages 75.6 75.6 75.7 75.6 35.4 337.9- Maint-nance - 8.0 7.9 8.0 8.0 31.9- Vehicles 25.6 3A.8 33.8 33.7 33.8 160.7- Livestenck - 4.0 5.0 5.1 3.8 17.9- Others 16.1 17.1 17.2 17.5 18.1 86.0
Snbtotal 340.2 154.4 139.9 139.9 99.1 873.2
V-III. Training
TOTAL C01TS BEFORE CONTINGENCIES 3.587.5 2.151.4 1.737.9 960.7 923.2 9.360.7
Cntingencie hyaical 308.6 144.8 25.7 - 11.0 490.1'rice 841.7 769.8 546.4 440.5 573.2 3,471.6
subtDtal 1150.3 914.6 872.5 440.5 584.2 3.961.7
TOTAL TA, CP0DIT 4.737.8 3,066.8 2.610.0 1.401.2 1,507.4 13.322.4
January 10, 1975
ANNEX 19
MAI4I
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Estimated Quarterly Disbdrsement of IDA-Credit
(USs 000)
Project Year Quarter Cumulative Disbursement at
End of Quarter
I 1 3002 -2,0003 3,200
5-,700
,, l~~ 5,7002 6,5003 7,200h 7,8300
3 1 8,5002 9,2003 - 9),300
U ~~~~~0, 4OO
1 10,3002 11,2003 11,500
11,800
5 1 12,2002 12,6003 13,0001b 13,300
January 10, 1975
MALI
ODEM C0.h Flov
(ML '000)
_ _ _ _ _ __----- - -_-- --- -- ----- ------ ------ ----- ------ --- - - ---- ----- ------ ----- V---. t Y - r ----- - ---- ------ ----- --- -- ----------- ------ -- --- ----- ------ ---- - -----
Co8hn flof 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Co4-t ft-O G-ov-r,oet-y 2,312,010 1,379,700 1,174,500 630,540 67a.330 - - - - - - - -
GovenuOoft Contribution to:
- Project Co-t Net ofCo,,tfn6o,.or0. 1! 380,00.0 243,000 232,000 156,0w0 165,000 427,395 427,395 427,395 427,395 517,895 457,395 457,395 457,395 457,395 517,895 4$7,395 457.395 457,395 457,395 517,895
p-hysikal c00tig-f- i'/ 20,652 15,879 14,794 - 560 - - - - - - - - - -_ _
- Orira 1
00t1
78,ci 1! 98.377 89.983 98.936 51.489 66.995 - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S.btot.1 2,811,039 1,721,562 1,520,250 838.029 910,615 427,395 427,395 427,395 427,395 517,895 457,395 457,395 457,395 457,395 517,695 457,395 457,395 457,395 457,395 517,895
R-ce9ptt fr- b.rdnu for V1ci...,t. .. 2/ - - 16,430 20,950 5,460 254 25,460 5,460 25,460 23,460 25,460 25,460 25,460 25,440 25,460 25,460 25,460 25,460 25,460 25,460
C..h 7 -o fro= Mopti Ab.ttjo.r - 17,604 19,800 21,996 24,192 26,511 28,594 28,584 25,584 28,534 28,584 35,208 35.208 35.208 35,208 35,208 46,944 46,944 46,944 46,944
4,Cooh TIoo-, fIro= Lis-to-k MatketU _ 18.825 22,575 22 5T5 22.575 22.575 22.378 28.250 28.250 28.250 28.230 28.250 35.750 35.750 35.750 35.750 35.750 35 750 35750 5750
T2t.1 C4.h Iflor 2,811,039 1,764,991 1,579,035 903,350 9B3.112 501,,18 504,014 509,69 509,68 - 600.168 539,669 546,313 553,813 553,13 614513 553,913 565,449 565,849 565,549 626,049
Cesh lotfIon,
project C08t N.t of PrOc.Contltg.oenl. 5/ 2,108,856 1,264,060 1,078,56.5 82,295 580,155 507,640 508,875 010,175 1,1 -75 570,675 510,175 514,325 515,925 515,925 576,425 515,925 521,515 521,515 521,515 582,015
- frcn 1ontlngc.. 471884 449 914 494,695 257.445 334.977 - - - - - - - -
To0al C0.h Ontflo- 2,580,740 1,7'S.974 1,573,246 839,740 915,132 57,6M 506,875 510,175 610,175 170,675 510,175 534,325 515,953 515,92$ 76,425 515,925 521,515 521,515 521,515 582,015
Annt. C..h Sor 9 lo, (0.fielt) 7D;29 31,017 5,789 a,oto6 67,9m (S.652 (4,861)/ .(41 (4S6 29,514 29,514 31,966 57,88 37,888 37,888 37,088 44,034 44,034 44,034 44,034
1/ Ann0 21.3/ A.n 5, tabl. 2:
A.4nn 7, t0l. 3.
4/ An. 8, t0bl. 3.51 Ann 16 nd 3 to 11. For Moptl Tri.1 Stjtio, .Ot op.r-ti0 0..t, 0t,y.
6' A00a 16.
J7n06ry 19, 1975
LIVE5TOCK PROJriCT
GoeestCah Plug(5fF 0I0)
Ceehleflue 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9 10 11 12 13 14 i5 16 17 IS 19 20
IDA Credit- F oject Coat net of
Cottingeoaee 1/ I/ 1.614.375 968.130 782,055 432,315 415,440 -- Physital Cootiog.e&ei- 136,870 65,160 11,565 - 4 950 _ _- price Cootiseoie 1/ 37 _87653 46,410 380.880 198.22s 257,940
ToSOl IDA Credit 2,132,010 1,379,700 1,174,500 630.540 678,30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Reveu-e Cro. Tlati-on 2/
of Project Op.rtloeed 302,441 180,011 150,046 63,651 70,415 64,610 64,771 64,889 64,089 75,433 69,363 69,793 69,984 69,914 76,034 69,984 70,356 70,356 70.356 76,406of PoJect Ontt 3/ _, 8018 l0 81468 94 436 127.779 166277 261.455 307. 333 305809 3053519 300.088 383 69e 7 694 763 - 9293 15 2878711 285J626 283 403
lotsRl Revee frue Taatieo 322.441 268,391 236,514 158,087 198,192 250,887 326,228 372,225 415,697 484,560 400,242 075,112 370,072 365,292 369,789 361,906 368,275 355,167 355,982 359,009
Total Cobb lWISo, 2,454,451 1,648,091 1,4100014 780,627 8t6,522 250,887 326,226 372,225 405,697 434,560 401,242 375,112 370,072 365,292 369,789 361,906 360,275 358,167 355,982 359,809
Cash Oitflo,
Gr-nt to ODEN 2,132,010 1,379,700 1,174,500 630,500 616,330 - - - - - - - - - -Gover-,ent Conttbhortlo to
P- oject Coat eeC ofContingeeteei 41 , 380,000 243,000 232,000 156,000 165,01Q 427,395 427,395 427,395 427,395 517,895 457,395 457,395 457,395 457,395 517,895 457,395 457,395 457,395 457,395 517,895
- Phystiel Cootiogeo.ier 20,652 150879 14,794 560 - - - - - - - - -_- Prnie Cootiogrania. _/ 98.377 89.903 98.936 51.489 66.9i5 - - . - _ - - . - - - - -
S.btotal 2,631,039 1,728,562 1,520,230 838,029 91o,e85 427,395 427,395 427,395 427,395 517,895 457,395 457,395 457,395 457,395 517,895 457,395 457,395 457,395 457,395 517,895
Debt SetvicePc-looiptl - - - - 9-- 3,931 59,951 39,951 28,930 58,950 59,951 59,9351 58.953 39,950 59,950Srlinp Chlrge 15;990 26.338 9A 39.876 I4.960 944 963 44..63 44.963 44.963 44.963 44.503 40564 43.614 43.164 42.715 42.265 41 816 41 366 40 916 400 872
Tot* lebt Sev44e 15,990 26,338 35,146 39,876 44,963 44,963 44,963 44,963 44,963 44,963 104,464 104,015 103,565 103,115 102,666 102,216 101,797 101,137 100,867 100,823
PetaL Cleh otelo 2,647,029 1,754.990 1,35,8976 877,5h7 945 a8 47W,3i8 472,358 472,350 472,328 542,858 5_3879 561,410 560,960 560,510 620,581 539,80l 559,192 558,712 558,262 618,718
Annoal Surplo. (Defteit) (192,578) (106,809) (145,362) (89,278) (ft629 $ (221,471) (146,132) (100,133) (66,661) (120,298) (160,617) (186,298) (190,888) (195,218) (250,772) (197,705) (198,917) (200,545) (202,280) (258,909)
Adju-ted Annual S.tplO* (Defiect(Deficit) 71 (132,578) ( 46,809) ( 8l,362) (29,278) 9 9,326 (161,471) ( 86,132) ( 40.13) ( 6.661) (68,298) (100,617) (126,298) (130,000) (135,218) (190,772) (137.705) (138,917) (140,545) (142,200) (198,909)
1/ An-ex 18: disrepaneles d.e to ro.-dieg.2/ Ann 3 thtougb 11.
/ Cattle tRe: MP 400 Per head of c ttle d 1I9 70 Per head of sheep ed goat. on 00 perectof leoremootal prod-etion; fEport ta 9F 6,000 per bead of eattl on 60 psreeetof i-erensental production of bulls, sale. 2-3 td 4-5 years and tecrs over 5 year.
4/ Am"ex 3 throtgh 11. Figure io.olode physinal -ntenee oweajinternee. of peed. andselh for FYO Dtd thereafter.
5i Annex 6, table I ad 2; Anne 7, teble 2: Dd Ae- 8, tabhi 2.6/ Ann-e 17.7/ Anual Serples (Deficit) le.. l9 60 eilOos, the e tiatd Goowt 0 l
noetribution to nests of misting livestook aervin. and fecilitiee taSen k oar by ODDIM
Jaoory 19, 1975
ANNEX 22Page 1
MALI
LIVESTOCK PROJECT
Economic Rate of Return Calculation
Poject L-ife
1. The economic rate of return has been calculated for a projectlife of 20 years.
Costs
2. Additional costs have been calculated including both investmenit andoperating costs, but excluding price contingencies, taxes, and duties. Thecurrent foreign exchange rate of MF 450 = US$ 1.00 has been used. Additional costadjustments have been made to specific categories:
(a) For ODEM Headquarters, it is estimated that 10% of staff time wouldbe needed for the preparation of a second phase project. Therefore,20% of headlquarters and all consultant costs related to projectpreparation have been excluded from project costs.
(b) For ODEM's Animal Health Services, the value of assets taken overfrom the Regional Aniual Health Service (MF 140 million) has beenadded to PY 1 costs.
(c) For the Mopti Trial Station, costs have been excluded since it.sactivities would benefit a future pmject, and possibly developnentsoutside the 5th Region.
(d) For training, 50% of costs are excluded to allow for its bene-itto future projects.
(e) For additional herdsmen (one for 50 cattle) MF 25,000 per year areassumed.
(f) For cattle trans&ort MF 7,000 per head for all additional expo :t cattle(MF 2,000 from producer to Mopti - Sevare market and MF 5,000 irDmMopti-Sevare market to border), and MB 2,000 per head for all inarement:eddomestically consumed cattle (from producer to Mopti-Sevare ma:kat) are.assumed.
ANNEX 22Page Z
Prices3. All prices are based on early 1974 market conditions. The economicprice of export beef, equal to the estimated border value, has been calculatedat MF 340 per kg of carcass. Domestically consumed cattle are priced atMF 200 per kg of carcass, while feeder steers for fattening in Mali's higherrainfall areas are priced at MF 250/kg. The price of mutton and goat meat hasbeen estimated at MF 250 per kg of carcass and milk at NF 20 per liter.
Benefits4. Benefits have been calculated on the incremental cattle, sheep andgoat production, including milk.
5. The salvage value for buildings and constructions of ODEM'sHeadquarters, Animal Health Service and Pastoral Service has been estimatedat 25% of construction costs, ,nd has been added to benefits in PY 20.Watering facilities are assumed to have no salvage value.
Rate of Return and Sensitivity Analysis6, The project's economic rate of return is 51%. The effect on therate of return of increasing and reducing project costs and benefits is:
Economic Rate of Return (%)
Costs plus 25% 40
Costs plus 50% 32
Costs plus 67% 27
Benefits minus 25% 37
Benefits minus 50% 22
Benefits minus 67% 10
Costs plus 25% and benefits minus 25% 28
Costs plus 50% and benefits minus 50% 10
L,VE70CK PROJEGT
_GONOM1C RATE OF RErTU2N
(ISF'000)
_ ------------- _--------_-__ __ - _- _------ ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2000ST8
Tov.at-oet Coat. 229,761 9,199 -8 0277Oper.-tin Coat. 127,112 141,305 135,905 135,905 91,760 68,270 60 670 68,270 68,270 68,270 68,270 6B,270 68,270 68,270 60,270 68,270
Iavato-It Coat. 62,367 69,158 45.163 - - - --Opa.-tiS coats 44,716 59,126 87,017 90,977 90,977 90,977 90,977 90,977 90.977 90.977 90,977 90,977 90,977 90,977 90,977 99,977 90,977 90,977 00977 90,977
009001 Soalth ServiocaAM-vH.ltOao oS--.. 70.0 900- - - - ---. 89 9 1784 5,9Opo-ating Costa 165,538 183G180 168,391 163,699 157,894 157;894 157,894 157,894 157.894 157,894 107,894 157;896 157,804 1D7894 137,894 157,894 137,894 157,894 157.994 157,894
Po.dIoveat,oaot CoSta 202,129 69,808 - 54;718?Saiat-tao Coats - - 54,718 - 54,719 4,1
Walla
0000at,tOot Coat. 438.571 374.883 356,042 - - - - - - - - - -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~27000 2700.vctoto Coat. 438,571 374,683 356,442 - - -70 27,090 27.900 27,000 27,000 27,000 27,090 27,000 27,000
AbAtt.i lt Io_t ..a t Coata 128,000 - - - 458 - 1845 1848 1,5 3662-7 366 2,7op-ttlo Coata 1,948 9,261 10,388 11,575 12,679 13,609 14,718 14,718 14,718 14,718 14,718 18.458 18,438 18,438 18,458 18,438 03,676 23,676 23,676 23,676
Cattla Ma rkataOoetotCsa74,220 - - - 1134 -47 -37 1154 1-4peating Coats -72 8;254 0,785 9,785 98785 8,785 8,785 9,938 9,938 9,938 9,938 9,938 11,347 11,347 11,347 11.347 11,347 11,347 1,347 10,347
Tr,.8000 Coata 5,163 8,644 5,983 2,214 2,214 - - - -
Clttlo T-p-tt Coats - 150,994 114,425 96,075 155,118 185,406 261,481 285,572 343,656 303,528 247,607 206,662 198,889 191,661 190,780 189,374 187,690 185,846 183,876 181,837
3erdamon _ 3.616 2_8047 69.767 102,707 1SO730 O 131,226 165.151 158.585 151.764 146,885_143,426 140.395 137,712 134.904 1.24, 91 126.650 123,174 120,178TOTA0 TESTS 1,698,752 1,136,308 960,546 578,997 676,852 655,691 753,351 792,520 844,038 878,807 763,289 722,625 713,230 703,319 754,348 695,344 695,958 691,161 686,214 735,897
BENEFITS 0032400318(0315003160031600304003020(721 A
I-ore'tc.l ftod..ti.o fEoo Cattlo - 1,292,000 1,058,000 988,000 1,725,000 2,175,000 3,023,000 3,499,000 4,326,000 4,055,000 3,627,000 3,,305,00 3,254,080 3,168,000 3.133,000 3.136,000 3,116,000 3,094.000 3,072,000 7,291,00onoauntal ProGaction fro= eP - 63,000 130,000 196,000 267,000 337,000 411,000 488,000 527,000 527,000 527,000 527,000 527,000 527,000 527,000 527,000 527,000 527,000 527.000 2,027,000
81aage V.lI. of Bildid . ad 157.595Coo, ttttiu _on- ___ __ _ _ -
TOTAL BRENRFIT 1,355,000 1,188,000 1,184,000 1,992,000 2,512,000 3,434,000 3,987,000 4,853,000 4,582,000 4,154,000 3,832,000 3,781,000 3,695,000 3,682,000 3,663,000 3,643,000 3,621,000 3,599,000 9.475,595
Econo- il Rata of Retoto,
1/ 0.0000, ino,rdteol -rd 1o..
t-na.- 1. 8975
MALILIVESTOCK PROJECT
Project Organization and Management
MINISTRY OF PRODUCTION
NATIONAL LIVESTOCK SERVICE
I .
Op6ration de D6veloppement~ de'Elevage '- _______
de la R6gion de Mopti (ODEM)
PLANNING- MANAGEIMENT UNIT IELD OPERATIONS MOPTI TRIAL STATIONCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT OFFICER |EERi FFICER IN CHARGLIVESTOCK ECONOMIST LIVESTOCK MARKETING AND PR Q§ES5UAQ ANIMAL HEALTH PASTURE AGRONOMISTRANGE IVIANAGLERINt OJFFICER I -. ANMA. EAT__SUPOT__rrWATER DFVELOPMENT7OFFICER 14EAD OF OPERATIONS HEAD OF OPERATIONS & P STAFF
5 MA tKETSj1 A8ATTOIR 2 VE7ERINARY OFFICERS& SUPPORT STAFF & SUPPORT STAFF
PASTORAL SERVICEHEAD OF OPERATIONS4 EXTENSION OFFICERS& SUPPORT STAFF
June 26, 1974
World Bank-9135(R)
MALI s N I P3. MAY I1j14
LIVESTOCK PROJECT (5th REGION) /j, eo
Location of Project Activities -- -- - -- 1-6/ .~~~T300QQ 7 2 r:~~~~~~~. o3r.q,v Project Headquarters (S.vm,6)'
Veterinary posts .~ ' DO
V .V ontion yards / n Lnd- 4N
Pastoral posts /y \o oadu 6th R e gi onIj Cattle markets J
7 400 I - Abattoir 'M MAn
- - - -- - - -- ME~ A Up to loponds n'll) Mopt, trial station 4a 0 0 _,~~ ~ 0 ~ po5pns ~ C O R M* E.iating ponds financed by PED 5' f(oDeeheo Sc.helo-
7Areas tar pond development 4o, rKretz .Krao . - ShraKo,arou Sa~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ horio
NAreas for well deMOePMent and Intensivn 000 O
extensien activitieS 4th Region . -0'
Roads Boni0~n ~~0?' ~ "
-I Rcs and lakes/ NCR5 ,N.- .,l.-
Towns 7og-tN O on0T Sahiel 11 el na ~ {a)pns
- - - Regional bounarie Qooib,/t- International boundaries N~NN ~ioR ~ ~ ~ - ~~- -~-
LAND CATEGORIES'. po6 el ~..-StlTrue bcurgcu (Eosch-la stagni,,a/ 3- we n '/ d'psaa upoI Sdn
- Vossla c,,spidata) - Zrr coS / n.. . /OT '- Sudoma
Ni GER Other inundated grasslnds and / N Py~rfPk~~j
DELTA cu tivation I Up to 9 'ponds t- Oeku 4
coundoled land Intersipersedl with I e-
IB ndill gli plateaur and outliers ja e~N7y5Eako Cr ' CGandarnio forabd~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ro
Sand ploins and consolidated dInes, recsIl1yaddon- ..
-14-graslnd and wooded grassland 2 14 _I Jnd:tferestiated plains, mastip bushlanad 5
OT ~ ~ i" ' and wooded grassland on h.a.,er, soils s N/E N 3000 :f o" c1
7n5 0 ----- Zone boundaries Indicating meat annoul rainfall ~ Sudcm-______________________I~~~~~~~~~' 3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Saeelian I o
Cattle migration routes: '-. N -'J 1 O ~ 1s~ h
50,000 Head of cattle ". -- AGRI
Major colt e mouemCels at the onset of the dry seasoni - '
- ~~~~~~~'""'I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ARACITANdIA
0 20 40 h e 0 wibst
-13' 2 KILOMETERS do ¶alOo13- - ' NarGaR
~~~~~~~~~~0 , 11,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'qV Ni-' I,-,j~i~h O~'2PR OCA
0. n* ,..u~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~dl.2 1C 5AH0-
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