U peace presentation peacebuilding_slideshare

A presentation by Nikki Al Ben S. Delfin

Gaston Zaballa Ortigas Peace Institute/Generation Peace Youth Network

University for Peace

Civil-Political Rights and Peoples’ Participation

Peacebuilding and Related Concepts: An Overview from a Practioner’s Perspective

Outline

1. Disclaimer and Norms2. Basis of Peacebuilding and its

Concepts: Fundamentals and the Rights-Based Approach to Peace

3. Open Forum or 10-minute break4. Peoples’ Participation: Civil

Society in Peacebuilding5. Peacebuilding in different

contexts

Activity 1: Issues related to Peacebuilding

• Discuss the issues related to Peace[building] in your own context (i.e. region, community, or country)?

• Write the top 2 and paste them on the wall.

Activity 2. Wants and Needs

• Divide yourselves in two groups.

• Group 1: What are your BASIC NEEDS in order to survive?

• Group 2: What are your needs BEYOND SURVIVAL?

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Quantity and Quality of Life

Human Dignity

Preamble: “…recognition of the inherent dignity and of the

equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world…”

Article I of the UDHR: “All human beings are born free and equal in

dignity and rights.They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.”

Human Dignity The dignity of the human

person is not only a fundamental right in itself but constitutes the real basis of fundamental rights.

What, then, is the problem?

How are the Peacebuilding Issues connected to Human Rights Issues?

Simply put, violations and non-realization of human rights are situations of UNPEACE.

Just Peace

• Peace thrives along with social justice.• Social justice can be realized through human

rights• A holistic approach to peace is through a

rights-based approach• “Jobs, justice, food, freedom” – Pepe Diokno

Just PeaceSIX PATHS TO PEACE

1. Pursuit of social, economic and political reforms to address the root causes of armed conflicts and social unrest

2. Consensus-building and empowerment for peace3. Pursuit of peaceful, negotiated settlement with rebel groups4. Implementation of programs for reconciliation, rehabilitation and

reintegration of ex-combatants and civilian victims of armed conflicts

5. Addressing concerns arising from continuing armed conflict, and6. Building and nurturing a climate conducive to peace.

Debunking Human Rights Myths (Delfin, 2009)

• Rights vs. Culture• Not just a legalistic and technical

framework:– Beyond the international norm– Beyond Western Notions– Before WWII and the UN

establishment

Debunking Human Rights Myths (Delfin, 2009)

• Simple to complex needs, Simple to complex rights: Human, Social, Economic and Political Evolution

View from the WestView from the West View from the EastView from the East

“Peace is as an absence of dissension,

violence, or war”

“Peace is as an absence of dissension,

violence, or war”

“Peace is also seen as concord, or harmony and tranquility. It is viewed as peace of mind or serenity, especially in the East. It is defined as a state of law

or civil government, a state of justice or

goodness, a balance or equilibrium of Powers. “

“Peace is also seen as concord, or harmony and tranquility. It is viewed as peace of mind or serenity, especially in the East. It is defined as a state of law

or civil government, a state of justice or

goodness, a balance or equilibrium of Powers. “

Core Ideas

1. Human Dignity as the Basis of Human Rights2. Human Rights as the Basis of Peace and

Social Justice3. Peace and Human Rights as the Basis of

Peacebuilding

Assertourcommon humanityourhuman

dignityourhuman rights!

273 out of 365,

113 are here.

Why are there armed conflicts?

Self Determination

“All peoples have the right of self-determination. By

virtue of that right they freely determine their

political status and freely pursue their economic,

social and cultural development.” (Art. 1 of

ICCPR/ICESCR)

Bangsamoro Struggle for Self Determination, some triggers:

1. Historical Injustices• - Sultanates• - Colonial History: Moors and the Treaty of

Paris• - US Occupation• - ‘Foreign’ Settlers in Mindanao• - Political, Economic and Cultural Alienation• - Massacres and Killings• 2. Control of Resources

Forms of Conflict

DEFINING PEACE (CPE Diagram, n.d.)

PEACENEGATIVE PEACEAbsence of direct/physicalviolence (both macro and micro)

POSITIVE PEACEPresence of conditions ofwell-being and just relationships: social, economic, political, ecological

Direct Violencee.g., war, torture, child and woman abuse

Structural Violencee.g., poverty, hunger

Socio-cultural Violencee.g., intolerance of the “other”

Ecological Violencee.g., pollution, overconsumptionVIOLENCE

Nuances in Peace Initiatives

1. Peacekeeping: Conflict Management2. Peacemaking: Conflict Resolution3. Peacebuilding: Conflict Transformation

Peacekeeping

• relating to the preservation of peace, especially the supervision by international forces of a truce between hostile nations.

• is a military third-party intervention to assist the transition from violent conflict to stable peace. (American Heritage Dictionary, n.d.)

• A traditional peacekeeping operation is established when parties to a conflict, typically two states, agree to the interposition of UN troops to uphold a ceasefire. (SAIS, n.d.)

Peacekeeping Characteristics of Interposition:

• neutrality (remains impartial in the dispute and does not intervene in the fighting);

• light military equipment; • use of force only in self-defense; • consent of the parties to the dispute; • prerequisite of a ceasefire agreement; and • contribution of contingents on a voluntary

basis.

Peacemaking

• focuses primarily on the negotiation process, as it forms the basis for mediation, conciliation, and arbitration

• is a diplomatic effort• A peace agreement is the desired end result• To be sustainable, peace agreements have to

include all key players of the conflict, end destructive violence, which is often established through a ceasefire agreement, and address the root causes of the conflict.

Peacebuilding• Peacebuilding, or post-conflict reconstruction, is a process that

facilitates the establishment of durable peace,building and political as well as economic transformationand tries to prevent the recurrence of violence by addressing root causes and effects of conflict through reconciliation, institution .

• Peacebuilding is complex and results materialize only in the medium and long-term.

• A great number of agents engage in a wide variety of reconstruction efforts.

• These efforts include addressing the functional and emotional dimensions of peacebuilding in specified target areas, such as civil society and legal institutions, among others. Evaluating the success and failure of peacebuilding efforts is therefore especially challenging.

Peacebuilding Responses/Interventions (Ferrer,

1997)1. Peace Constituency Building2. Conflict Reduction Efforts3. Conflict Settlement Efforts4. Peace Research and Training Programs5. Social Development Work

“Strategic Peacebuilding”

• Kapag ang mga likas yaman, aktor, at mga istratehiya ay alinsunod sa pagkamit ng mga mithiin at matugunan ang mga isyung pangmatagalan.

• Isang permanenteng proseso na sumasaklaw sa lahat ng mga gawaing masusi sa pagbuo at pagpapalawig ng kapayapaan at pagsugpo sa karahasan

“Strategic Peacebuilding”

• A permanent process that encompasses all activities that are key in building and broadening peace and minimizing (or eradicating) violence

• Resources, actors, and strategies are in synchronicity and synergy toward addressing long-term issues

Peacebuilding Responses According to Roles:

• Service Provider• Watchdog• Advocate for Alternatives

Peacebuilding Responses according to Aims

• Direct Intervention• Addressing the Consequences of the Conflict• Working on the Social Fabric

Initiatives: Multi-Track Diplomacy

Track 1

Track 2

Track 3

Track 1TOP LEADERSHIPGovernment, Negotiating Panels official government

diplomacy whereby communication and interaction is between governmentsBetween the main opposing parties

High-level discussions, ceasefire, peace talks

Track 2NGOs, Practitioners,Academe, Media, etc.

Unofficial interaction and intervention of non-state actors

Professional Conflict Resolution

Business

NGOs Researc

h

Faith/Belief Systems

Media

Aid community

Civil Society Initiatives

Local government

Training

Education

Conflict Resolution Workshops/Exercises, Peace Commissions, Advocacy work, Constituency building

Expanded Tracks (IMTD,n.d.)• governments• professional organisations• the business community• private citizens• training, research and educational institutions• activists• church organisations• funding• media

Track 3Communities

Stakeholders directly affected by the armed conflicts

Grassroot communities

Grassroots training, Prejudice reduction, psychosocial trauma healing, community dialogues, etc.

Core Ideas

• Linkage of Human Dignity and Peoples’ Self Determination

• Linkage of Peoples to Power and Resources

• Linkage of Peacebuilding and Governance• Democracy as delivery systems of

human rights (Koenig, 2008)

1. Conflict is a natural and continuing reality of life

2. There can be no genuine peace without addressing the root causes of conflict.

3. There can be no real reconciliation and peace without repentance and justice

4.. Respect of all creation is the foundation of Peace

5. Peace and reconciliation should lead to equal and just relationships

6. Conflict is both an opportunity for transformation and development or

destruction. Its outcome is dependent on how conflicting parties and stakeholders

deal with it.7. Only conflicting parties can truly reconcile

their conflicts but a credible, neutral, concerned and capable facilitator expedite

reconciliation

The work towards a just and sustainable peace is

PEACEBUILDING.

“Peace is not just the absence of

war: Peace through justice,

peace by means of peace.”

Thank you.

References and Outline of Presentation can be found at:

http://www.slideshare.net/ihateyourflashdisk