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i) DlL.rlnu,s F.:rgeflr,s de la D.ne (Sir Roger cl the Dcvrn) Ireld : hi'le (c. 120 r-cres) lor fs, rrr.l 20,:crcs jcr Js 1'or a.'l-L ,.;.iInices; he,ras i,3arl ii ';"te M:rlot'r.rf D..;;r:''t riarne.s an'l hlg 1anc1 r.rarollerl'n1thil:ls11p ilanor iJr soire rllstanr;e. He,rias C,rr,sCable l)f LLre f.lver.lf Lonr-lrnn1r) ih.noullus Cocus (lLandoll Co,rl") helr.l a viri:a[r] rrfor tlle [enr of his lile. qul[ cf sll servlce,I-y charter cf t,he

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r.lo.i,lvlty cf S[, John the ]laptisr an.i ac Martinl.ns. Ancl he r,rus[ be qlll[ as ].ollc as 1rc lives forLhet reLurn of all works, excel)t bc:ndays a[ harvesL tine, (He) ho]-,ts J acres cf le"nd wlUh ail,)sijua[e urhlch are In frcnt cf che Church of St"]1ar[ln for 12d payable aE tite aloiesald [lnes for.r1"1 servicesil6, He vias perhapn a lavcurerl clor.restlc servanl of ihe Proctoro IC Is not lr)plied thathe utas oi se:'vIle statu.q because he irad cc 61ve a hancl ar" bo.ndeyso5) The Vica,r of Rulsltp held scr-re LanC fcr 12cl arrnually an,l f,he Proclor of iiec in !u:n pald h1nl*d a year fcr ar acre oi glebe.

rHE VILI,EII.IS II.JD THEIR DU?IE.STl-le Cus'"cneI opens ,r.rith a slater:renl cf thc crtstons cf Gii'rerl !lclred as fc-llcl'rs:- (G.A. )

holcls half a hirie of land for (12 llnes lllcElbie). Iteir frci.l rhe Feasc ci St.Feter ad Vincilla-ro Mieiu.elijas ire Hust reap J days a y,reek'nlth one nan wherever requlrecl, or clc (-.Lner lvork lhe:.lrr.l vvishes h.r.r.r to do, wllhou[ sustenance. if he carries for his wcrk flron the iiei{]s beyond thegi'allge cf rj.uri)e he nust camy a wagconl.ad cl cor'n Llr Lrio c.'lrl1ra.ls, or lf frcn tho f1e1ds cnL.-:ts sL:le r)f thj salcl;;ran6e, tvJo liagion.-r,cads or four cartloacis. i{e rrust elsc at f,he flrst bc:rn-cia17 ol ha]'vesl flnd one l.r.rn !o re,",p and litve silstenanceo Ar Ll-Ie second he ru:sL re:p',vlth all hlsfrilily ezcsDt Iils'rvl fe anri his herclstlano An'J hl hii:rsclf shalI b' Llreseili tho whole clcy Witil ar0rl cf ari[i1L)r1 ty to sce hls fer.rily work r^reI.[, an(] they sha]l have sris[e.lance c'Aice !n thc de.y,tr',;.\eiyr al-rut, thc hour of t-iinc, ccrn trreacl, crleerrrl, alc or clder, anrl 1n [he eyeniltii corn ]lrcaC,l-rolliiiir0..o.o or al"e or cl,-ler. At tire [hlrd bo,tr4ay he rusL rea.p wl ih or]rl []a-ny aC his c//n peynent,nn,..l a"lli:,t:r, Ihe hour of ninc i1l](l 1'"] thc evenlni h.lve "..o 1ri colr-..iorr 1n the rldgt of tire f1e1cls..'otiro fil.i,1 DOti.i of rLle or clrler and Lhree tu'.s fu11 of ..ppIes 1f the 10r(l shoull 1-.".ve e';Irles. Ifit lr!.)i,iirs Lhiir the Lorrl sha11 'r,il sh tc sen,-l hnns or other 8o.rJs [o nec he hr.s Lc finri camlage Loihc 1'1,;:r:e:s frr t,itat pur:Dc,se. If tre sh uld hare p15;s of hls olvn rearlnil he l,iust p.r.;r pannaie fcriileir, f.r a 1;1g of over a year o1rl a penny, anrl less chan a year o1(l a hitJfpenrry, aDr-l ... for alli:is pilr; Lilr"r, are selJar,r.te-l lron Lh.: noLher. In Len! he nusL irarrow for one de)t lf required, endl::.!re irr.rlnic:lr,ncr,, anrl ca.ff;y fcr one clay, and carry for one day aC harvesl and. ha.ve rlzinlenarnce.Jn r. ,r'rrlr in ;;hich fuLl ,,,,crli 1s worked he nu,sl',,l,lrlt frcn Mlchaelnas tc [hc Fers*" cf Si. Peier ad','ll'iot1la uitree rilrys a !,/celi v,/here e./or requiretl, for nihalever klnd of !'Jork Lhe lcral na-y requlre,'ri:1 []r one nan, and for faast rla)'s fe111irG,,'rlchin the sa.1d ten:i he r.rus[ ]rAke i-4.,1 tiieTiork onsltoceedlni;'llt:"kii:6; days and 1n [hr s?.rie vraJ'i-us[ ,iouch jusL as he:iouchs !'ih;n nct fu11y vrcr]<lnE 1

b'-r[ oi-r [he.lays cn which he picui:hs lor [hi accusloneri serr/-ice of hei'bat]a tr.,rc I'rcrks rusl bc re-irrl'rgerl Lc irir:. Iie i.lust al.sc irreil3re e lcad of ne.1t {or Chrlstnas and hnve iire cr fodder readyfor. rlr.ylni:" v',rlLh reiii![ancc cf ilte ;rcrk, ?-n.1 for Easter aii 1n t:,e sau]e::lanllei'. He nust d.Lrlrryina scivice Lc cile nelt,hi,.curir-u narket, nirely hrlf a quTLer rf cli'n:.t::i 1ri tl-)e illcanl1icba qul I ci one yJork, and lf he e..s [c L.,ndc,r he ]:.usl c.lLic[ a ri':.e 5 onlc:l' ani] Le qult of onel'roi'it, rnrl 1f co St. IieoIs quic cf t]iree d:ys, 11]ie,;;ise 1f to l::rth Stck. cl Lhrea (l3ys, liliirwlself ic Suynccr::be ol Lhree .13ys. I f the r:cnks gi Li .jiJ!r:r! ;..rts h., :.iiE llnd : '-r.6 5:1e v/aficn f orLi-r€ritr rir','i Iha,]r equlpr]cnL anri oLhei'necissitles..r-iC t]:en'!lrec -'l h1s','r:rks;,ris-r, ilJ r{liil1Lted, andhr: [,usI have su.stenLnce for ti]e jlurrroy, en-t iI Lc irc:.r 11:,c;s s-. rh3c it, 1s i)cssl'-r1e to I'e[Lirntire sar:ie riay he nust l)e quit, of r. slril'J.c vrcrk cn1y. iie r..ils! i,:rriw ls olLen irs ile nay bei.nsLl.ucl,Jcl [0, so that vrhen lho pI.iii_hs cf rne lcrC bclin to ;]-ui h he nusi htrririv to lfie hol:rriiicn lhey ccaseo He lrusl elso tli:, sheel;-l,iashl ng anr.i sheerlna- I-ii;ht up Lo the e nd c,f the shcarln5,a:tcl hc r.iulit, scyLho ihe il3elows, r:r,ke hiry, carr 1t 2nr] puL lt lnfa eocks, unLil lL1 Is ccfl]plele,oir:l aI1 a,ll;e slra11 recelle a rall i.rl' 12d, tl',C he l:u:t c.1rry lelLers, drlve enl:lals, lcaC ands1;'oetd iri;,i-tre, c,1rry thc fokls of [he Lrri] f rcn cne place to rnoLher, pre'Jare a.nal nend trhe

lil:,':t,:.,:s, cr-iL ui.r tvJcd anrl ilalie 1t, lnLo lences, Cif,ch a.nr,l cllEo 1f he brews he s.raiI 6 ive a pennyfo;: onc $cster, He ls no[ LL) sel1 a horse cr 3n cx of his ovrn rrerlnf, viltil']ouu licence of [he.t r-r: .1, rror. l:ive hls (lauirlilcr in riarrla{,'e. Fcr all he cloes .nd a.1d ce shaLl pa} scoc antl 1cC a.nd

lrtcr.hj,s {.ioath the 1.,)r..1 sl:al} have hls besl ,ea.st as a herlct, an,-l if he ole l,nieslale al.1 hls11cc',i;: iuir-i iritr.Ltel sl-taiI be at the rllspcsaI and v;111 of the lcrt" rind he nust be reeve lf the:roi::l yylsli:s 11, anrl pay t,olI on a-1"1 thlnts scl.] i'rl thin the bcunilari.gs ol ihe [']ir.ncro

l1o,rl ol the cttlur tenant,s hacl cus[ons slitllar to cllese and the en[ries differ only in then.ilese -r.anrl heki al)Ll rerr,s !ai,{1. In scr.re ce.scs the tencnL ha'.1 Lhe choice cf L'/Io renCs (lrut 1tr'. r., f3 i,hlri Alclr.erl lrarl tite iai.re cl-roice necordeo 1n the 12 obliIera[erl 1lnes). Ti']lis - lli]j.r1t,er

; J, scrien iiclr.is a. 'rirf ate 1'cr J/10 yearly anC e,L Lite sar.ic tli,esrr (ln t,wo lnsta"lnenLs) ttnhen he 1s

r',.:, li':iJ.1/'*,1-rliirrll arirl lrhen he Is fu11y vrcrltlrir, he pays Jd 4nnually a-[ trlie sane Lli:1es...rt Thls:",,,..;:rs i,irat, he coul(l r:1t,l:cr ilo..11 the yJcrk hi: owed t,o the Lor.i and pay e. lcu/ rcnL, cr pay a nuch-.:ilirer 1'e ;:i, i:t'lrl thereiJy obt,aln exeru!1cn. fhus ihc !rrocess of con]utaLicn of la"llour ser?1ce s uras

allao.rril/ t.al!litir pIr.cr: hcrr: 1n 1211!rancl m-)- heve been aI:iost ct't.rp1-,LeC 1n sot.l,: cases, a,9 1n soner r,i,I,ii:i cnty ;ira rent is rrlntioreil i,l.nd as it :s ,lsuaily a hli-h one ic lla.y ilean thaL.the servlces':. tt, .:1 i:i'.,'.,/ boe |r cor.inulcri, ilcvrcver, ihe yrcrdinA by no Lleans niliies LhaL cerLalnc Lllle rllanyr.t*(1iir:'/..1 (iocliiients the Custonal 1s oflon va[:ue, ancl 1f Chers vra-s dispute an e-ppcaI i/ou1d have Lo

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Welser,rf;ienIey, an a3ricuiEup-I ,1rlce!'rt r,i=;.1:.e, ilcy:I ilsst.ic:1 S:c., I39C.) ii€ c:li."ilL sayfor cersain why ilulsllp iten hal L.i ic go St, :le-.cs, lrorth Srcke :r Swyncc:be, bur the:"e 1se1.'idence of v/ool beln8 senf, to r'.ulsIip fron oLher lec estates, anrl probably a GocO Lteny cci:Dud-lDies were trafflcked between one place and another, The camylng ancl r1dlnt ser'r/lces of ilulsltpserfs were aLl the heavler Decause Rulsllp vras Lhe hearlquarters of rhe iiec a,lnlnlstratlon for theEastgrn slde of En8land - lnde'"o f:y ft)+S lt, r,ray already have becoEe rhe CHQ of all che AbbeyrgingLlsh lands. The proctor or prior nusu have had r.uch iravelLlne co clo tn his supervlsorfdutles betvreen nanors anri go London where Lec hed a house and wheie he had t,c uphoid the aLbeyrs1n[erests at the kingrs count,r He wcu].rl need bo.lyguards and nen co look after hls horses andbaggage - hence [he provlslon for cal].lng on RulsLip tenancs t,o supply;he necessary nen andequlpmenc. If che nonks Lravelled co chelr la.nds in Wllcshlre ancl-tampshlre the nuisllp nen whoaccorpanled tneri nusi have been a:vay for woeks, br-t t,here Is no speclfic arrangenenr foi the re-nlsstcn of-works ln proportlon ro che length ci tlr:e [hey nust have hact t,o negiect thelr own landor occupatlons. However, lt ls lrprobable that, a.ry' one nan had Lo [Urn out fiequently [o t,ake acartl.oarl of hans to [he Thanes en rouie fo: Bec, or feLch a yrag6;nload of wcol fror: Swynconbe - nodoilbt sorie klnd of roLa was vrorked. )'lor does 1l folIow [hac the ].ord cLalnecl all t,he works he nasen[1tled Eo.

. Probably the most ha[ed dutles yrere Lhe boondays. These were [he excra clays of servlceglYen nostly at hay[lrie and corn-harvesu. IE 1s supposed [hat Lhey were orlctneily gtven volun-tarll;r, and thls was stll1 reccllnised by t,he lorclts provtslon of food ancl clrink or noney, buttlrey had becone colrpulsory, and were very unpopular. A! harvesL a farner wancs Lo get 1; hls owncrops as qulckly as he can, and 1[ was profounc!]y cxasperaclng for a pea;ant Uo be Laken away fromhls land aC sueh a [lnie, perhaps the only f1i]e days :f'a ratny sunner.

Were the Rulsltp tenanLs any begLer off be:ause t,hey helcl thetr lands fron a rellglous eor.rnunltf In nany respects they fared nelcher be[cer nor worse [han orher poasants, Ouu in one re-spect, Dhey were worse off, for ecclesiasElcal lancllords were Tery relucian6 ever'.lo r.ranumli [helrset'fs. Such Landlofils were ln lhe poslllon of 11fe tenanus or Eruslees and nlghc do not,hlng ropreiudlce che lntel'ests of lhelr successors or of lhe corporaclon to whlch they belonged. indeed,manumlsslon lvas deflnl[e1jr forbldden by canon Iaw.

IIAMILY NA}@S

- If no[hlng had surYlYed of the CusLonal excepc che nanes of uhe lenanLs :c r./culd stlll havebeen val.uable, for f,he naltes tel1 us a good deal airouc lhe oqcupaLlons of ghe peoplc and [hei)laces where Ehey lived, ald they provlde a s[ar!1ng-polnt for a scu.j/ of [he conltnulty ofvlllage life. ln ld$ surnanes weie only Jusc beglnning to beccne fiied, ancl if e, rnan was cal1edt'Tallcrrt he probably was one, or lf hls nane wasrrDy che Woodn ihaL was probably.,'rhere he liyed.Tl'Ie Cusuonal ltself suppLles prcof [hat surna-i]es were nof, all fixcd, for Rager CooK had a broEherca.]led llenry Carter. The vrrlcer of the CusLona1 LaElnlsed the nanei where he cculd (some $/ereevloencly toc nuch for hkr and he left then alcne) so tha! we flnc p.obert,us Mclcnr.llnar1us anclGalfrldus Tector, who one 1na5lnes wele knonn tc chelr conienp,:raries as Jcb Mil1er ancl GeoffThaLcher.

I have dlYlded the nanes into seven caie6orles and Lhe f..11:ring are exaiiples frcn each

_ Qcctlp-gtlonal. I1111, l'ri1Ier, Shepherd, iiorserEn, Parker, Fcy/Ier, Cook, Tal 1.rr, Hun[, Fu1ler,(rrrtcr, Ccrderr Thatcher, Ilarlward, Hayward. The probablllty E,ha[ scre of Lhese y,Jere craftsmenr'ather uhan agrlculturls[s 1s broughc closer tc cercalncy by the sl]rllness of fhelr landhcldlngs,T'lius ?arlor had only a hcuse for v,ihich he palrl 1s a year, anc was 1lab1e for work only on boondaysax h.arvest tllre. Th.rtcher conjures up a plccure of a Ruls1lp of uharched ccttaSes - and lhereLlust have been pleniy of that,ch avallable fron ctre cornflelds oi. cile reerls alL.ng [he Plnn narshglcjLlnrl. one of Ehe l{arlvlards probab}y looke{i after bhe narlplus vihlch we lmow exlste<] - there wasa i:srlpil Fleld ln LhL sou[hern parL of the nenor. Weekly (t'Ronance of Naneso p.180) polnis outil-rai narees endlng ln - ward nostry cone frora the tltres of rural offlclals,, topg.8raphlcal. ?hese are names 1lke By the Wood, of rhe Spring or Wel1, cf the H111, of theTree, of Lhe Ford, of the Hatch, of che Bourne, of lhe llale, Hale Encl was Lhe nene untli talrlyr.ecerir,ly of tha[ part of L]asteoLe arouncl Hlehgroye Housei Uhe word Hale ls the Olcl Engllsh heaIh,i, nocl'", angle, corner of 1and, jlourne was the nane of one of the conilon flelcls.

]ii-c!'narries. These were very cormon and nany renaln ,n usere.[]. WhI[eheari, Crulckshenk. In theCi'sLt-ffiT-ri6T5ve Lrtiil.rn (irownman), a clan of Whites (veiy-iialrnatred, or che derlvaulon maybe fron 01d En811sh rvlhc, vallant - lt niay be renenbere(l ihar che lasr pre-Conquest owner ofiirllsllp was called l^lyt), a Suril. 1e (r.rho nay have been yery fond of uslng that worrl), a xradeferiiilio appears ln the Court Ro11s under a forn which glves the orlgln 1r,n.1e(llate1y - lias de fer,.{.i-|i'i-arir, an excepLlonally slrong nan), a Capra (nanny-goaf,, Luf, perhai,s caprarlus. a goat,-herd)..r'i(l a Pyovryt (pee-wlt', a shrlll chatrcerer, bug a pye rnay alio be a pea-cock,:rnC he rirlt;hg havei:.r.:,1, peaccck-wltceri! Rulsllp kne$r all abour, I-.eacocks, ror rheli lord kepl then a[ the Manoractrrdln; Co ihe royal enqulry of 1291.+-5.)

lpjl-91-:I-13!9!o €.G. l.ll111an, sorl of John, Es[rl1dr son of Mabl1 e[c.

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.u,lEJ auJnoc s? urilcul 1uri1 Jo ''rue; sucJ.rj palI-to JaxeT asncq oq? uaoq a^eq l;'r:ai-luEJi.) aq1 pue Joueu alil Jc apls uJaqxnos otil uo s?n pTald auJno[ reulnu Jo ouJncg Jc oSuEJ?;

pue (ruo,.tr luolcuv .uxtoJ 'folj apIA 'lJnluac '11E1 aql 01 ]{cuq alup c? IJaAaITOq aJ? ?I ;c s1.red i;u;a3LtcJC pccrnL{lJaN irafTcc asncq luolcuD uB ITIIs sI oJalll ) -rr3}iJCM eJoM sljuel ausouap uJaqlJcu atllr.lcJtlM urcJJ p.,cMr{?JLlfl 1a a:luu.r3 L - lJnc3 cllTslnu se urloull ocuL seM ?l - sl rnou tl-llrd Jour:r^J aJolitl

asncH JCu?l.i ot{l s?r,4 aJat-lJ 'slJil(l aaJqx cluI -r3pl^Ip ser.t d11s1rY Jc Jouclrl aq? XTxuapIlr! '01-r1saTecllscisalcca uE uo.41.re1nc;tued'?ualrrlsITq?1s3 JoIJadns a'LICs cl o1-iJuIpJoqns asnclllJcJ e s?..1

atueJ..3 y 'ocual-)IsoJ E serr', 11 3aq1 so-a'cJd:cuaga.ii srlcq-Iccc aql lnq rxuJ?Qn s-e 1I paleTsutJlo^Er{ trj:iIu ouir unlSu?J3's c1 acuaJ3JaJ'lulssc,j ?.dfoJatr uaaq aJatll peH 'uoJ1-JsIurijJC t-cTJouEi.r

uo 1r{3IT Jo pcorJ'd MoJrll salJ?ua asaqJ '-JuJnil op unI3u?JC a'{1 01 a.uaJoJal E sl oJolll put'aulo11 1e Jaqlou" lluE irLrc/ri,tl1Jal,l l? Jaqic,u? t.tcuzl1 3ti1 1e loq-Iooc u saM eJetl; 'sluu^Jas Jouul,l Jaso:rPdM pue saurl]u au1 1no 3u1t1rs CeijjaxsnC aql .1 unpuajf,D uc ui ;cailde'qclL{M 'au;oll I]ulJ pco/..\r{1J.i{o? -lullpTaJ ascql eJE sorJeu c1 sacuoJaJoJ iullsaJ3tul ?soLI alll cJ-rqJa,l 's,(uo J?l'l IilJC u] aJaql

poceld uouuuc e sBM aJaqx 1?q1 u?q1 3T..lJsn-rTd aJcu sI lIIuteJ uoueJ aql JatJe paTIEc sI a,,rirIJ[ucu?3 x?r{t,fuceq1 ar,l puE r.t11ue3 3ul)l arir r.jcJ.I au?u stl lu! aai:'q le: puu s3ui)l'3'a t:iul4lrJns

ITIlS sAUEU-aCeTd 01 enTC ? aAlJ T';uotsrrJ elll UI sslTIri?J al-{l Jo aucs olsAJaXUI 3TqEJaplsUCC JCsl sI oJar{l SEtlM ln. 'soueu-p1o;; [)u? satreu-eca1d rncqz Tuuclsn3 aq1 uI qcnu lcu sI aJoI{J

oqt rtrl Ent',l.l

a,-{rrd rhrr ,

,3q sfoqq? iru? IT?J 1q3lLr salts,lu/tp :uIElJac sJ tlclru siIlJ 'paluosaJdoJ TIIIs lou sI dTltrujTe.^.a!I!r!r oLIl JAqIO'..IM JOpUCr,r C1 SUISAq aUC 'UE,jaSJaH Se rlons aUC UOUUOCUn U? SI ?U-DU ArJ? JJ pU"

'saqsl.recl 3uiu1oliru.ro dllsirrg uI punoJ TfIls aJE TuuoisnJ oL{1 uI sa,-reu aq1 Ji aucs 'r,{ET.(Jeluorl-"ilJird.{q.rati;T pu" TEJJoU?u lq cs 3u;crp ucJJ'pa:?Jnccsl[] a-'ald puc qsIJEd Jleql ucJJ ler,re lro:rcu

^IoJEJ ofdoaLl aTqixnil tsed ar{x uI lncl'sa;11ue3 T{?rirclsn3 aql uI luacsap Jc Jco.rd cu sI aJar.{1

puu uol.illoc oJu seueu asaql Jr] aucs taruJ 'apnlcul 01 TnJlqnop oc)l aJoLr feJalcs puu irJi;ddaqj'TIilg'1saIJ.r 31ao;19"1?n( tauaor9'::lulppal'ar1.re13';ax.:r,3'laIxV'lJulp.reg'u;r,rp1ag reuu,c.rIraleg 'sulqcu - Jai?T sJ?a.( 0O! Jo^c punoJ aJe T?urolsn3 aul xrrJJ sarxeu SuIMofTCJ aq1 tpaqlJc

-su?Jl ,{tluoce.r s?q Ja?IJrv. aql qcirlM ';-\991 JC suJnlal xeJ Ll?JeaH or.i1 uI pul 'f,1iuaca.i olInbTIlurr alxcu 1?t{1 Japun panullucc t-{ciqM asnot{ e 01 oueu slq a^83 - JESIS JolIel'l - sxu"ual all? Jo o r0

'Jaqlouir spaaccns,(Jnluac auo s? sllrarxnccp CIISInU uJ uIE.le Ja]lo pLrE Ja.ro :luiJeo.ld! uaql puiJ 013uI??uIcs?J sJ 1I pu? soucu.{1gr'-luJ dITsInU Jo tsIT u/.toul ?solTrea oqx saplao.rd Tl;trolsnl) aqJ

aJaTruJ a1 qdleu seM ?"ql,liaScIJrali1ls seM oq.l,l 'ecEJl touuec I qclql,i Jo uISIJo aq? sau€u fltsottr - sncau"iIacsII{

,ouJnoq:J JC Joueu aaii oiil rrcJJ JatSeT aq? 'uJnqalicg eIr sEr;.ior{i pu? oJouuldop pJBLICTU ':i'a rpu?I-3u3 Jo s1J3(1 Jaq?o lroJJ Orxc? pEt{ pai:;eu altlcad.ua; '7 'sell?u ocEld.paxlJ uaoq aatq.feu sa|JouJns ouos leql sa1?iIpuI nJo uosn Jcr ucIssiuo arl.i, 'salcJli"xa aJE

'x.raqnp pJ-dlicIU 6p.rume.rag uqol tpaJJca'I pJeqcIu tira.rpIV lJaqlIC 'sall'euJn-s s

I lhlnlr encu8h has been qu,-rled [oCusIcr']e.r., Gl rini, :rs i I dtes 3n lnLii,nte!I , -ilo y::a:'s lror,r n,lvr, oLr:. descerrdarit,sirj iilrisLiil rrs 1il..e ln 195n

shol,v whaf, a hlghl.y ln[erescln6 docunenc we have in cheplcture cj a fairly c.oir.plcx a(,rarlan sccrety. I ,rcnderlvlIl" have any cL.nparable doculicnL Uo teLl chctx what 11fe

ii'.lus erl pLwr1:er is [rcally l11r]q)7[,Qrl Lo Mrs. Chlbnal, nee |l.)ri_'an, for pernisslcn tc use her.i t;hc Letln Lox[ 111 naklng hls trens1al"lcn ln[o Engllsh Jf thc Cusicna]-.

!_ql*s_-L_r_I__J 0_Q*gl__a_11_!__J H Ir I R STRUC?UR ;

PAR? TI^IO . MAD i e_!l___a!-!*a

by }J.S.i,.MITCHELL.

){ad l-lcss }'oirrl 1s dlvldud ln[o Lwo p]rLs 'ly e. Creen road rrhich runs 1n fla[-S fashion frcni-lreakspeare ltoad ii.rLh, near Lhe S. W. ccrner of the r/iood Lo Duclls iiill Roacl. ltear the hl lI-crestat YoulrLllvcorl lrann, ln tlre l,i. !1. co|ner. The road was elther se[ Jui cr cieflnc.: by tfie EnclosuresCot:.;rlssioners l'ery early ln che 19th century, an(] v{as probably l:.,.ende.l !o be a" 6uneral rleht ofrv&). I[ ls ]:ar:ked and dltcl:eil chrouth [he !ror..l, e]x'at Lhe Llrealisi-reare Road end the space'natvreen Lhs ba;l(s wl.lens out lnLo yjhal nay have l.,er:n a.-rn11 6reen cr coiinon. Tire Scolitst beech-her]t,erl open-a1r Chal:el 1s srI just \,,here Lhc ba:rris bc5;ln tc wiCen. There rs a si;liar widenlnSs.U the Norlh -r.enrl ol ths fla[-S, Ti.ie roa.l was ca11ed Maln Rlde by r_ Ijast Cen:rar]Ion of pheasant-shocf,ers. There are a numLer of lhese banlts 1n the woo.1s, unclouLrie.lly L:undarle'and prol)abLytirose of pre-exis[1ntj fle1d enclos.ri'es,

Tha!;--,art cf llad lless |io,t(l Iy1ng to th: L,les[ cf Maln Rlde is ]in.wn as:,i;rlh i.ldlni: I,lcod andc:atencls [o al,ouL !2 acres, anrl t,lre sonor,rhaL lart er area of abc.ut 8l+ acres cc cl-]a :asc as Ycun[iicLrd. ttYolinlrr 1s mcre 11ke1/ to'.1e.. p0rson!.I nane than an adjec!lve.

Thc'/,'hc1e rro:,rl ls [raverseC I-y a number cf green rlrjes, a]I of ,r,,hich h:v" ilstlncLlle nanes,,,lhlch shoulr] ie preservccl. /iC lhe ends cf so;re rlCes can tre secll, s/en no'/r a.5c::rri nelled tc atrce and bearln; e rveIl-nlgh I11eilbie nal;re; 1[ would be plea.sanr Lo see Lh.s";a..rds rescorccl.

Cenlre Dr'lve 'ncclns cp:cslLe the elLrlncc to;jetile cl ilrltaln iicusi ana i'1jr]s 3.1nosL due'Ll3st; 1t scrir i-reeLs 1ts first, crcsslr; pirh jusr. a,ey:nd e narrcv,'lelr rl scr.r. i::i st:3.11 trees.:i).0 path t,o tlle rltltL crosses ChesIr:uE itlCc (ic]11 ch c:n:.1s: :.e C..1neC irc:.r Lne riLl-ri'est Catev,iay)rlid lleoones )c.ss Riden en(l Lhe l)itil ',i th'i leir cr.ssis !n.::s: en.: .f Flrs i;il: altcl becctlcs|i1r1ln;; East. I I Centre Drlve be fcllciici furr,.t!r, !:..- s.c-t-.,1 c:';sslI, 1s Cil:srnut il1..1cr Ih0Liti:-d Yot:ri-r ilco(l Walli Io th. rlaat aiir] Y(una i.Il.i: iii; i: Li! 131r,; ai;. I'jrijr ci:,cslnC is tileirlrirtn lanc;rrcvlously r,lenClcne(i, Mlln a.id", i:l-,i Eh. iii'-i S::;"r-.ti:" );3.1|:s ;;hlch i^ec.:;.ler-..1ural"islr.i tc t:re trlorth. Cuutre Drlve len.rir-.3!cs i:r -rs: i.1 .l; ;;rrl ei nis cr'r-\',l1ie:l aLL.n[, the,iarLhol'il pe,,'1;r,:Ler cf the rvc-rd ancl cintlr,ues, ;:.ss1r., -ulr: Ei.,l : I ;;"-rr:n a.:CJ, ci :re:,ks!,eere;il|ti i'icrrlll. It 1S lrrIeresfillc Eo nCte Lhat s::.:; --f Lh; Ir.:Cki, .'ud:l]ia irc.:. -ui:c tiar.l"s liVen,1'cre fit, 1lc.:' r.i:"lvln:r , sorrL lor- r"irllng an,-l sc:..i .-;.; ai"e:.ciy ::'.1y f it fcr lralkln."

T:tFr l.'r.d occupl rs nosL ol the si)F"ce conIaln;Cri'.1-ellr.r r'j.:,:s; n':".i'Yollner'/a,-., I I'arr1 itirl fLrt'rs il. S. I/J.-.,{;,r(lir.:,/ a1j' l.:c liLtic and at an ave ra!'e rlistancc cf.1. ii.. ilir.rut,:r thu i.r':Iir-]tresLern lrlnale of Che l.trcc,l,ir.'ririL illroi.lt 1-j t.i11es beTcnd Ii]c rvo,)d.

I.rilhin,". Iaa; -i rrli.lrl leSS SLre.?l.lrt. fhefcr aLcu[ half a r]ile, outsl.lil Lhe i,IesLern

.r'Jcui 200 yf.i'(ls. i[ [hr.n f,Urns a]id f 1olrseveniuill.ly ra1^rng 1r-rio the ii.lver Flnn at a

The llcr,,1 ltsc1f has a irLn[le siopc fr.cr.t a helahti,,r i'rhere t,lte 11ttLe streai.t, a,lilut four febt, u/L{.ler fiovrs,::it'aY 4I'i.1 iCC il. LrTier, The l.Jo.r.1 vl..rIes 1n /iidth froi:li::..:osc ! :.:11" no.,r Ducl::j Il1*t i.,...,l.

of 2)2 it, .:bove sea-leve1 at lhe N. lti. E.[hrcuah the i]. W. f riitge 518 oI a rlile

1/6 ot e. nl le af, ijre.rlispee-re F.cad llor[h co

Tho itrc1ter i)art ol 1t, ls on Lon,lon ClaJ.r. Ducks Hill sui.ii.riL, hcwever, hes 3.n oval cap ofi.; alea'J Cravel, aLout J00 yarr)s urlr-lc on 1Ls loni--er.,.x1s, aboug "" Lhlrd of 'rdrlch 1s lncluded 1n:,1,.'ll.l-d r;(jss C,I'ea. Therc 1s a ten.loncy for t,hls al'ea to l;uar a:rcre llacldll lypc cf veaetiltlon,I ::,*uer scrjII I)rrhai)s iIr CLrl)rjD l.ioJ I ,-ln [hc criher. si,.le of Ducl(s lj111 iloai], About 5 acres of [hls..l cIr in liad -.0;s 1469r1 6nr.l ',orite11rr1 Ducl(,: Ij111 iloei-l, an(l se;).lrii.t.rl f:oi.r the nr"ln yvcor] L,y an.,'::-'L11,rn l-,anlir, !,ii,r.s scf, aslcle:)y tho Enclcsures Coiriil.;sloners fo.r tirc dlEtlng of a,rave1, an(l vras,c,- |u,r'i'rr,tps ha,l irLrca(ly partly l,ecn, r-lcnuded of lts gravcl and sa-nd. The Decl '//il.s irrcbably no[l.;,rr'0 [li,'].n 4 tC. thlcli, F,vall I'il thlrr [lte yro,.),.i proj)er there are several sl..al][ exca-va,Ltirrns anr-l uneven.l),r--.'i.ri1 rrltct'c;,in,1 an,i 6;r'avu1 heye r;ecn dug, sc thaI the aci;ual arr.un[ ol send anli gravel 1n !hei,,,, ''l ;s l:i.:al.], thaui'l't [heru has ].,cren sor.1e clovrrrwa..;ho

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