THE “TYPOLOGY” APPROACH IN UNDERSTANDING GROUNDWATER Advanced Center for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM) Plot 4, Lenyadri society, Sus road, Pashan, Pune-411021. 020-25871539 Email: [email protected] Website: www.acwadam.org
May 20, 2015
THE “TYPOLOGY” APPROACH IN UNDERSTANDING GROUNDWATER
Advanced Center for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM)
Plot 4, Lenyadri society, Sus road, Pashan, Pune-411021. 020-25871539
Email: [email protected]: www.acwadam.org
Groundwater: work (always!) in progress…
SA groundwater typology: rise and fall of groundwater socio-ecologies (T. Shah, 2009)
Basalt aquifer: water level depletion
After Kulkarni (1987) and Macdonald, Kulkarni & others (1995)
Eco-zones – evolving typology of a watershed in moments of transition(after M. Shah et al, 1998)
Aquifer typology – groundwater in Deccan basalt rocks of west-central India(after Kulkarni et al, 2000)
Basalt: hydrogeological typology
Confined and unconfined aquifers
Water level typology: shallow & deep basalt aquifers
AGRAR, 2006
Pie diagram for BW1
Legend
Na
Ca
Cl
SO4
CO3
Deeper confined aquifer
Cl
Na
CO3
Pie diagram for BW3
Legend
Na
Ca
Cl
HCO3
SO4
Shallow unconfined aquifer
HCO3
Na
Ca
SO4Cl
Water quality
AGRAR, 2006
“Generality” factor: a challenge in understanding groundwater
• Scale– Regional: planning– Local: dynamics (e.g.
extraction patterns)
• Mappability– Scale of mapping– Units for groundwater
mapping
• Information– Source– Type– Scale of availability
The classical model – regional vs local aquifers
20 m
Regional and local hard-rock aquifers
Regionally weathered hard-rock systems may behave like alluvial aquifers…
20 m
50 m
Aquifers: units for “understanding”groundwater resources
Neemkheda watershed…
Neemkheda aquifer…
Neemkheda: Geology
Typologies: our work in Bagli tehsil, Dewas district, MP
Typology 1
Typology 2
Typology 3Typology 4
Typology 5
Typology 6
Geospatial analysis: understanding the typology of groundwater
10 km
Typology 1: Hydrogeological map
Typology 1: geology & groundwater movement
Typology 1: Principal areas of natural groundwater recharge and discharge
Conceptual model – Typology 1
• Aquifer system 3 forms the transition between typologies 1 and 2
• Some leakage from Typology 1 to Typology 2 is expected, especially if patterns of usage in typology 2 change…
Matrix of protocols and feasibility of their implementation as part of the Groundwater Management Strategy in the Project Area (derived on the basis of participatory planning between ACWADAM and SPS teams over a period of a year…a continuously ongoing process)
* = ja$rI (Necessary)
= kaya-rt krnaa saMBava hO (Possible to implement)
?= kaya-rt krnao maoM AinaiScatta (Uncertainty in implementation)
*** User groups
Borkhalya
* Patpadi
** User groups
Nachanbor
Groundwater management through sharing
*?
****Regulation of Agricultural water use
*?
**?
*Depth Regulation (w.r.t drinking well)
*?
*****Distance (w.r.t drinking water well) regulation
**?
***Pump capacity regulation
*?
**?
*Efficient well use
*** Land-use protection
?
*?
*Protection of recharge areas
******Geohydrology in WSD
Typology 6Typology 5Typology 4Typology 3Typology 2Typology 1Protocols
Typology context in ACWADAM’s work in Purandar
Deccan basalt and associated alluvial sediments – drought-prone area
Typology 1 & 3
Typology 3: Groundwater resources – not fully developed; potential for management
Groundwater chemistry: major ions
Typology 2
Typology 1
Typology 3
Purandar: typologies
1: Overexploitation: Macro-level interventionrequired; recharge-schemes, legislation(?)…
2: Groundwater quality:provision of better quality drinking water; unconventional methods of recharge...
3: Groundwater management: micro-scaleinterventions enough; regulation to protect / incentivize initiative…
In conclusion
• Typology at “right” scale.
• Groundwater typology– Hydrogeological (specific to geology and problems)– Socio-economic: stages of development– Ecological: recognition of precise role of groundwater
on macro-ecology.
• Groundwater management– Spatial: hydrogeological & ecological– Temporal: sociological (and economic)– Responses: where to do what and when…