Typography & Graphic Design Thesaurus Version 1.1 · May 31, 2006 Paul M. Hoffman
Typography & Graphic DesignThesaurus
Version 1.1 · May 31, 2006
Paul M. Hoffman
Copyright 2006 Paul M. Hoffman.
This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 License, as definedat <URL:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode>.
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Any of these conditions may be waived with the explicit written permission of the copyright holder.Readers’ fair use and other rights are in no way affected by the above.
For copies of this thesaurus in electronic form, see <URL:http://hoffmancommapaul.com/tgdt/>.
for Rachel,who kept me sane
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ContentsAcknowledgments viiIntroduction 1
Scope and aims 1About thesauri 1Why a new thesaurus? 2Development 2
User guide 5Organization 5Classification notation 8Use 8Extending the thesaurus 9
Sources 11Principle sources 11Ancillary sources 11
Systematic listings 13A. Activities and Processes Facet 15C. Communication, Information, and Language Facet 21E. Entities Facet 31L. Places Facet 33O. Objects and Materials Facet 35P. Properties and Concepts Facet 39S. Styles and Periods Facet 45V. Visual Elements Facet 47W. Created Works Facet 55
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Alphabetic listing 63Appendix A. New term proposal 131Appendix B. Identifiers 133
Typefaces 134Characters 134Languages 134Writing systems 135Software 135File formats 136
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AcknowledgmentsThe author expresses his thanks to those who helped evaluate an earlier version of thethesaurus: Caryn Anderson, Gerald Benoît, Michèle Cloonan, Lorrie Fleming, and DarinMurphy.
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IntroductionThe Typography and Graphic Design Thesaurus (TGDT) is a new information retrievalthesaurus constructed for scholars, students, and practitioners of typography, graphic de-sign, and related fields. The core of the TGDT is a list of approximately 1,900 preferredterms that have been selected and arranged for use in indexing, cataloging, classification,and other applications; an additional 600 terms are provided as access points leading totheir preferred alternatives.
Scope and aimsThe TGDT is comprised primarily of terminology on typography and graphic design,and secondarily on Web design and the book arts – printing, binding, and paper. Particu-lar emphasis is placed on terms that relate to practice, but terms of historical or theoreti-cal significance are included as well.
The TGDT is intended first and foremost as a tool for the indexing and cataloging ofworks that are about typography and graphic design, not of the products of typographyand graphic design – though it may prove to be suitable for the latter.
About thesauriAn information retrieval thesaurus is much more than a simple list of synonyms; it is astructured, carefully chosen set of interrelated terms. The primary purpose of such a the-saurus is to promote the consistent use of terms in describing and retrieving informationobjects; this is accomplished by giving a preferred status to terms with commonly under-stood, unambiguous meanings.
Thesauri such as the TGDT have several advantages over unstructured vocabularylists:
¶ They limit synonym sets to a single preferred member, in order to promote consis-tency and improve the likelihood that terms used by a searcher will match those used inindexing.
¶ They include non-preferred synonyms as cross-referenced entry points, to promoteease of use.
¶ They impose a hierarchical ordering of terms, facilitating the discovery of conceptsthe user might not otherwise have considered and providing an overview of the full scope
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of a topic; additional, associative relations provide a richer web of connections betweenterms, enhancing browsability.
Why a new thesaurus?Some existing controlled vocabularies overlap in coverage with TGDT, but none has anemphasis on the fields it covers. What’s more, rapid changes in these fields since the ad-vent of computerized typesetting and the ascendancy of the Web and Web design haveleft an increasingly large need for a controlled vocabulary on typography or graphic de-sign.
DevelopmentSourcesA number of diverse sources were consulted, including other thesauri, dictionaries, glos-saries, manuals, journal articles, and textbooks. To these were added terms from theauthor’s experience, terms found on graphic design and typography-related Web sites, andother reference materials. A list of principle sources begins on page 11.StandardsThe TGDT has been constructed to conform closely to the ANSI/NISO StandardZ39.19-2005, with the following caveats:
¶ Parts of a whole have generally been included in their singular form, by analogywith the standard’s recommendation on body parts and other cases with literarywarrant (ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005, §6.5.1.1).
¶ Selected identifiers for certain classes of proper names are listed, but are not consid-ered preferred terms. These are described more fully in Appendix B.
Term selectionThe fields of typography and graphic design are no different from other fields in the di-versity of terminology used by scholars and practitioners.
When choosing terms, three primary considerations were made:¶ Relevance. Does the term fall within the scope of the TGDT?¶ Currency. Is the term in current use, or is it obsolete?¶ Clarity. Does the term clearly and unambiguously identify a concept?In many instances, a single term may have several, sometimes conflicting uses; such
terms are either rejected in favor of an unambiguous alternative, clarified with a disam-biguating qualifier – for example, typesetters (equipment) as distinct from typesetters(people) – or is used only in a limited sense in the TGDT, as indicated by a scope note inthe alphabetic listing. In contrast, two or more terms may be fully or partially synony-
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mous; when this occurs, preference has been given to the form that appears to be pre
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dominant, as long as doing so does not compromise consistency in the thesaurus as awhole – in other words, preferred terms have been chosen not only for their use, but alsofor how well they fit with each other.
For example, the words ‘typeface’, ‘font’, and ‘face’ are often used synonymously incompound terms. In some cases, only one of these words occurs: thus, one speaks of ‘fatfaces’ or ‘pi fonts’ but never of ‘fat fonts’ or ‘pi typefaces’. In other cases, there is somevariation: where none of these variants predominates, the selection of a preferred termfrom one synonym set becomes tied up with the selection of a preferred term from other,related synonym sets. Thus, the choice between ‘slab-serif typefaces’ and ‘square-seriffonts’ is made in conjunction with the choice between ‘slab serif and ‘square serif’.
For the most part, a policy of inclusiveness has been followed in developing theTGDT.
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User guideOrganizationTermsThe TGDT contains four types of terms.
¶ Preferred terms are those words and phrases which are to be used in indexing orcataloging. Preferred terms normally appear in bold type: for example, sheetfed scannersor dashed rules.
¶ Non-preferred terms (also known as lead-in terms) are words and phrases for whichpreferred terms are to be substituted in actual use; these are intended as an aid to users infinding preferred terms, and appear in regular type.
¶ Guide terms are descriptive labels used to structure the thesaurus, bringing togetherterms that are subordinate to a common concept for which no acceptable term exists; likenon-preferred terms, they are not meant to be used as indexing terms. They are foundonly in the systematic listing, where they appear in italics within angle brackets: for ex-ample, <sections of a book > or <printers by method >.
¶ Identifiers are proper nouns that designate individual, unique persons, languages,works, and so on. Because the set of identifiers is unbounded, only selected identifiers arelisted in the thesaurus; these appear in italics within square brackets: for example, [Photo
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shop (software)] or [American Sign Language]. Furthermore, identifiers are not consideredpart of the TGDT proper; rather, they are ancillary terms listed only for the convenienceof users. Appendix B describes the five classes of identifiers listed in the TGDT.
Terms that might otherwise be ambiguous contain a parenthetical qualifier: for exam-ple, printers (people) and printers (computer peripherals) are distinguished in thismanner. Lead-in terms and identifiers also contain qualifiers as needed.FacetsThe terms in TGDT are organized in nine facets, described below. As in other facetedthesauri and classification schemes, each facet is “a homogeneous class of terms whosemembers share characteristics that distinguish them from members of other classes”(Petersen, 1994b, p. 7). These classes are, for the most part, distinguished by linguisticfactors rather than simple relatedness. For example, terms in the TGDT that relate toprinted books are found in several facets: book design and book trade in the Activities
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and Processes Facet, book collectors and book clubs in the Entities Facet, the parts of abook (binding and book jacket, among others) in the Objects Facet, and books them-selves – the products of intellectual and creative effort – in the Created Works Facet.
This arrangement is intended to facilitate the clear division of terms into comple-mentary classes rather than merely collecting them according to the general topics towhich they pertain.
As it stands now, no term may occur in more than one position in the TGDT’s hier-archical structure; future revisions may allow the placement of a term in several locations– such a structure is called polyhierarchical.A. Activities and ProcessesThis facet consists of terms that denote aspects of human endeavor, including actions andevents, physical processes, and more general activities such as fields of study. Examplesinclude preflighting, chromolithography, philosophy, and exhibitions.C. Communication, Information, and LanguageTerms in the Communication, Information, and Language facet relate to human commu
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nication, primarily in visual form – corporate identity, FTP, Roman numerals. Termsdesignating the products of creative effort are found in the Created Works facet.E. EntitiesThis facet is made up of terms designating people and organizations – e.g., graphic de-signers and associations, printer’s devils and collection agencies.O. Objects and MaterialsThe Objects and Materials facet pertains to physical objects, both countable and un-countable (e.g., computers and ink) and is subdivided according to their typical uses –materials, instruments, and equipment.P. Properties and ConceptsThis facet includes terms denoting properties, both measurable and unmeasurable (e.g.,brightness or leading), or concepts (e.g., equity or algorithms).S. Styles and PeriodsTerms found in this facet include styles identified with particular regions or periods –De Stijl, Pre-Columbian – and is notable for including many terms in the form of ad-jectives.V. Visual ElementsThis facet consists of terms that denote visual components of written language or of cre
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ated works; for example, side bearings, whitespace, and arabesques.
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W. Created WorksTerms in the Created Works facet designate the products of human creative and intellec-tual endeavor – graphic novels, bookplates, shopping bags, and so on.ListingsThe TGDT per se consists of two listings:
¶ A systematic listing in outline form of the terms in each of the nine facets, showingthe hierarchical relations among terms.
¶ An alphabetic listing of preferred and lead-in terms containing detailed informationon the scope of terms and their relations – both hierarchical and non-hierarchical – toother terms.Systematic listingEach entry (or ‘node’) in the systematic listing is either a preferred or guide term, pre
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ceded by its classification number.Although the database from which these listings are compiled contains alternate
forms of preferred terms (for example, the term labor relations has the alternative form‘labour relations’), these are not included in this first edition of the TGDT.
Figure 1 shows an excerpt from the systematic listing of the Places Facet. The clas-sification notation for each term is arranged along the left side of the page; dotted indentsare used before each term to indicate its position within the hierarchy. Preferred terms areshown in boldface and guide terms in italics within angled brackets.
L.60 schoolsL.60.10 . <schools by education level >L.60.10.10 . . <colleges and universities >L.60.10.10.3 . . . collegesL.60.10.10.3.3 . . . . community collegesL.60.10.10.3.5 . . . . junior collegesL.60.10.10.7 . . . universitiesL.60.10.29 . . elementary schoolsL.60.10.42 . . high schoolsL.60.10.55 . . junior high schoolsL.60.10.68 . . middle schools
Figure 1. Systematic listing.The systematic listings begin on page 13.Alphabetic listingA more complete record of terms is given in the alphabetic listing, in which each term islisted with its classification notation, scope notes (if any), and any related terms. Thislisting includes both preferred and non-preferred (lead-in) terms; the former appear inboldface. The following abbreviations are used:
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CL Classification notationSN Scope notesUF Used forUSE Use insteadBT Broader termNT Narrower termRT Related term
Figure 2 shows sample entries from the alphabetic listing.character sets
CL C. 44. 20SN Encompasses sets of char-
acters, their encodingsinto numeric code points,and the forms in whichthe encoded code pointsare represented
UF charsetscoded character setscharacter set encodingscharacter encoding formscharacter encoding schemes
BT <representations of language >NT <specific character sets >
multibyte character setsRT code pages
paragraph markUSE pilcrow
(a) (b)Figure 2. Alphabetic listing: (a) Preferred term; (b) Non-preferred term.
The alphabetic listing begins on page 63.
Classification notationEach preferred or guide term in the TGDT is provided with an alphanumeric classifica-tion code, which indicates its placement within the hierarchical structure of genus-speciesrelations. Classification codes are formed by appending to the facet’s letter a period anddecimal number for each branch taken in the hierarchy to arrive at the term itself. For ex-ample, the term typesetting equipment has the classification O.3.5.44.78; its immedi-ately broader term, equipment – its ‘parent’ – is classified as O.3.5.44.
These classification codes are intended primarily as a means to quickly move from aterm’s entry in the alphabetic listing to its corresponding position in the systematic list-ing, but may also be used as a notational shorthand in indexing or retrieval applications.
UseDepending on the purpose to which it is put, either the alphabetic or systematic listingmay be the best place to start when looking for the best term to describe a particular con-
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cept. Readers who are familiar with the fields of typography and graphic design may becontent to use only the alphabetic listing, whereas others may find the systematic listingof equal utility.
When using either listing, keep in mind that only terms in boldface have been se-lected for use in indexing or cataloging.
Extending the thesaurusFrom time to time, users may encounter terms not included in the TGDT that nonethe-less fall within its scope; they may choose to use such terms, but if so they are encouragedto use them provisionally while submitting a new term request form, found in Appen-dix A.
Appendix B describes the five classes of identifiers that are listed alongside preferredterms in the TGDT.
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SourcesOnly sources of significant numbers of terms are listed here; minor sources include addi-tional books, journal articles, and Web sites.
Principle sourcesBringhurst, R. (2004). The elements of typographic style (version 3.0). Point Roberts, WA:
Hartley & Marks.Eckersley, R. (1994). Glossary of typesetting terms. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Felici, J. (2003). The complete manual of typography: a guide to setting perfect type. Berkeley,
CA: Peachpit Press.International Paper Company. (2003). Pocket pal: a graphic arts production handbook. Mem-
phis, TN: International Paper.Kleper, M. L. (1983). The illustrated dictionary of typographic communication. Rochester,
NY: Technical and Education Center of the Graphic Arts, Rochester Institute ofTechnology.
Meggs, P. B. (1998). A history of graphic design (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.Peters, J. (Ed.). (1983). Bookman’s glossary (6th ed.). New York: R. R. Bowker.Petersen, T. (Ed.). (1994a). Art and architecture thesaurus (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford
University Press.Type evidence: a thesaurus for use in rare book and special collections cataloguing. (1990). Chi-
cago: Association of College and Research Libraries.
Ancillary sourcesAliprand, Joan (Ed.). (2003). The Unicode standard, version 4.0. Boston: Addison-Wesley.The complete index to Fine print, 1975-1990. (2003). San Francisco: Pro Arte Libri.Crawford, T. (2005). The graphic design business book. New York: Allworth Press.
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Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. (1995). Thesaurus for graphic mate
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rials I: Subject terms. Retrieved April 7, 2006, from http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/tgm1/Random House Webster’s unabridged dictionary (2nd ed.). (1998). New York: Random
House.UKAT: UK Archival Thesaurus. (n.d.). Retrieved February 15, 2006 from
http://www.ukat.org.uk/
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Systematic listings
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A. Activities and Processes FacetA.10 <activities >A.10.10 . <business and economic activities >A.10.10.3 . . business practicesA.10.10.3.11 . . . biddingA.10.10.3.17 . . . business plansA.10.10.3.23 . . . commissionsA.10.10.3.53 . . . price estimatesA.10.10.3.30 . . . decision makingA.10.10.3.39 . . . marketingA.10.10.3.46 . . . negotiationsA.10.10.3.64 . . . project managementA.10.10.3.70 . . . referralsA.10.10.3.76 . . . retailA.10.10.3.82 . . . salesA.10.10.5 . . financial practicesA.10.10.5.10 . . . accountingA.10.10.5.10.3 . . . . bookkeepingA.10.10.5.17 . . . amortizationA.10.10.5.24 . . . billingA.10.10.5.40 . . . depreciationA.10.10.5.48 . . . financial planningA.10.10.5.48.3 . . . . budgetingA.10.10.5.54 . . . financial reportsA.10.10.5.54.14 . . . . balance sheetsA.10.10.5.54.28 . . . . cash flow statementsA.10.10.5.54.66 . . . . profit and loss statementsA.10.10.5.61 . . . financingA.10.10.5.79 . . . pensionsA.10.18 . <communication activities >A.10.18.5 . . publishingA.10.18.5.6 . . . scientific publishingA.10.18.5.8 . . . technical publishingA.10.18.7 . . scholarly communicationA.10.27 . <design and creation activities >A.10.27.10 . . CADA.10.27.24 . . collaborationA.10.27.39 . . illustration (activity)A.10.27.39.15 . . . book illustrationA.10.27.39.58 . . . scientific illustrationA.10.27.39.74 . . . technical illustrationA.10.27.49 . . internationalizationA.10.27.60 . . localizationA.10.27.73 . . photographyA.10.27.73.18 . . . cinematographyA.10.27.73.33 . . . digital photographyA.10.27.73.77 . . . videographyA.10.35 . <education and training >A.10.35.12 . . certification programsA.10.35.19 . . continuing educationA.10.35.29 . . graduate programs
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A.10.35.37 . . job trainingA.10.35.44 . . learningA.10.35.53 . . professional certification programsA.10.35.60 . . professional developmentA.10.35.67 . . professional educationA.10.35.76 . . teachingA.10.35.84 . . vocational guidanceA.10.44 . <production activities >A.10.44.10 . . benchmarkingA.10.44.15 . . copyfittingA.10.44.19 . . desktop compositionA.10.44.23 . . desktop publishingA.10.44.27 . . editingA.10.44.27.4 . . . copy editingA.10.44.32 . . gangingA.10.44.36 . . impositionA.10.44.40 . . keyboardingA.10.44.45 . . overprintingA.10.44.54 . . platemakingA.10.44.58 . . post-pressA.10.44.61 . . preflightingA.10.44.65 . . punchcuttingA.10.44.65.4 . . . digital punchcuttingA.10.44.69 . . quality controlA.10.44.73 . . rasterizationA.10.44.78 . . typesettingA.10.44.78.10 . . . <component activities >A.10.44.78.10.16 . . . . compositionA.10.44.78.10.16.7 . . . . . strike-on compositionA.10.44.78.10.40 . . . . locking upA.10.44.78.10.55 . . . . page makeupA.10.44.78.10.67 . . . . pasteupA.10.44.78.21 . . . <typesetting by application >A.10.44.78.21.14 . . . . chemical typesettingA.10.44.78.21.20 . . . . CJK typesettingA.10.44.78.21.30 . . . . CJKV typesettingA.10.44.78.21.57 . . . . mathematical typesettingA.10.44.78.21.68 . . . . musical typesettingA.10.44.78.32 . . . <typesetting by medium >A.10.44.78.32.21 . . . . digital typesettingA.10.44.78.32.47 . . . . metal compositionA.10.44.78.32.47.5 . . . . . hot metal compositionA.10.44.78.32.64 . . . . phototypesettingA.10.44.78.44 . . . <typesetting materials >A.10.44.83 . . workflow managementA.10.44.87 . . workflowsA.10.56 . commerceA.10.56.3 . . <specific industries >A.10.56.3.3 . . . book tradeA.10.56.3.3.3 . . . . book auctionsA.10.56.5 . . marketsA.10.67 . employmentA.10.67.14 . . career developmentA.10.67.24 . . careers
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A.10.67.41 . . freelancingA.10.67.53 . . hiringA.10.67.53.5 . . . interviewing (hiring)A.10.67.72 . . promotionA.21 <disciplines >A.21.15 . computer scienceA.21.32 . humanitiesA.21.32.12 . . artsA.21.32.12.5 . . . performing artsA.21.32.12.5.16 . . . . danceA.21.32.12.5.30 . . . . film (performing arts)A.21.32.12.5.47 . . . . musicA.21.32.12.5.59 . . . . opera (performing arts)A.21.32.12.5.77 . . . . theater (performing arts)A.21.32.12.7 . . . visual artsA.21.32.12.7.21 . . . . designA.21.32.12.7.21.10 . . . . . advertising designA.21.32.12.7.21.21 . . . . . book designA.21.32.12.7.21.35 . . . . . graphic designA.21.32.12.7.21.35.15 . . . . . . catalog designA.21.32.12.7.21.35.44 . . . . . . package designA.21.32.12.7.21.35.65 . . . . . . type designA.21.32.12.7.21.35.77 . . . . . . typographyA.21.32.12.7.21.35.77.3 . . . . . . . <typography by style >A.21.32.12.7.21.35.77.3.3 . . . . . . . . avant-garde typographyA.21.32.12.7.21.45 . . . . . industrial designA.21.32.12.7.21.54 . . . . . information designA.21.32.12.7.21.62 . . . . . interaction designA.21.32.12.7.21.64 . . . . . Web designA.21.32.12.7.37 . . . . fine artsA.21.32.12.7.51 . . . . graphic artsA.21.32.12.7.51.5 . . . . . information graphicsA.21.32.32 . . historyA.21.32.32.12 . . . art historyA.21.32.32.32 . . . epigraphyA.21.32.32.55 . . . paleographyA.21.32.32.67 . . . papyrologyA.21.32.46 . . literatureA.21.32.61 . . philosophyA.21.32.61.17 . . . epistemologyA.21.32.61.27 . . . estheticsA.21.32.61.36 . . . ethicsA.21.32.61.51 . . . logicA.21.32.61.61 . . . metaphysicsA.21.32.61.73 . . . phenomenologyA.21.32.73 . . religionA.21.44 . information technologyA.21.64 . sciencesA.21.75 . social sciencesA.21.75.10 . . anthropologyA.21.75.17 . . archeologyA.21.75.26 . . communications (discipline)A.21.75.26.10 . . . advertisingA.21.75.26.10.3 . . . . advertising campaigns
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A.21.75.26.27 . . . broadcastingA.21.75.26.67 . . . public relationsA.21.75.34 . . economicsA.21.75.40 . . education (discipline)A.21.75.48 . . geographyA.21.75.56 . . information scienceA.21.75.56.4 . . . information architectureA.21.75.56.6 . . . library scienceA.21.75.64 . . linguisticsA.21.75.64.50 . . . morphology (linguistics)A.21.75.64.74 . . . semioticsA.21.75.64.74.5 . . . . pragmaticsA.21.75.64.74.7 . . . . semanticsA.21.75.64.74.7.7 . . . . . semasiologyA.21.75.64.74.9 . . . . syntacticsA.21.75.64.76 . . . syntaxA.21.75.81 . . sociologyA.32 <events >A.32.10 . <educational and training events >A.32.10.6 . . seminarsA.32.10.8 . . workshopsA.32.24 . auctionsA.32.39 . conferencesA.32.39.6 . . professional conferencesA.32.55 . exhibitionsA.44 <processes >A.44.10 . <algorithmic processes >A.44.10.3 . . collationA.44.20 . <capture processes >A.44.20.4 . . digitizationA.44.20.4.10 . . . OCRA.44.20.4.57 . . . scanningA.44.20.4.75 . . . tracingA.44.41 . <editing processes >A.44.41.3 . . copyeditingA.44.41.6 . . proofreadingA.44.51 . <production processes >A.44.51.10 . . <imaging processes >A.44.51.10.10 . . . <digital rendering processes >A.44.51.10.10.11 . . . . alpha compositingA.44.51.10.10.23 . . . . anti-aliasingA.44.51.10.10.42 . . . . ditheringA.44.51.10.10.77 . . . . tweeningA.44.51.10.19 . . . <photomechanical processes >A.44.51.10.19.21 . . . . diffusion-transfer processesA.44.51.10.19.34 . . . . duotone processesA.44.51.10.19.52 . . . . halftone processesA.44.51.10.29 . . . animationA.44.51.10.42 . . . color renderingA.44.51.10.42.10 . . . . absolute colorimetric renderingA.44.51.10.42.52 . . . . perceptual renderingA.44.51.10.42.68 . . . . relative colorimetric renderingA.44.51.10.52 . . . color separationA.44.51.10.77 . . . solarization
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A.44.51.15 . . calibrationA.44.51.20 . . castingA.44.51.25 . . computer-to-plateA.44.51.30 . . etching (production process)A.44.51.35 . . finishing (production process)A.44.51.35.13 . . . binding (production process)A.44.51.35.13.5 . . . . hand bookbindingA.44.51.35.32 . . . embossingA.44.51.35.32.3 . . . . blind embossingA.44.51.35.50 . . . laminationA.44.51.35.63 . . . machine stampingA.44.51.41 . . layout (activity)A.44.51.47 . . paginationA.44.51.52 . . photographic processesA.44.51.52.3 . . . daguerreotypeA.44.51.52.6 . . . photo-mechanical transferA.44.51.57 . . pre-pressA.44.51.61 . . printingA.44.51.61.10 . . . <printing methods >A.44.51.61.10.11 . . . . block printingA.44.51.61.10.17 . . . . chiaroscuro color printingA.44.51.61.10.22 . . . . collotype printingA.44.51.61.10.28 . . . . continuous tone color printingA.44.51.61.10.34 . . . . electrostatic printingA.44.51.61.10.40 . . . . electrotype processesA.44.51.61.10.46 . . . . four-color processesA.44.51.61.10.52 . . . . intaglioA.44.51.61.10.52.17 . . . . . copperplate printingA.44.51.61.10.52.32 . . . . . engraving (printing process)A.44.51.61.10.52.45 . . . . . flat-plate gravureA.44.51.61.10.52.68 . . . . . photogravureA.44.51.61.10.52.68.5 . . . . . . photoaquatintA.44.51.61.10.52.68.7 . . . . . . rotogravureA.44.51.61.10.60 . . . . photomechanical printing processesA.44.51.61.10.60.3 . . . . . collotypeA.44.51.61.10.66 . . . . planographic printingA.44.51.61.10.66.5 . . . . . lithographyA.44.51.61.10.66.5.17 . . . . . . chromolithographyA.44.51.61.10.66.5.52 . . . . . . photolithographyA.44.51.61.10.66.5.52.6 . . . . . . . offset printingA.44.51.61.10.66.5.70 . . . . . . screenless lithographyA.44.51.61.10.72 . . . . relief printingA.44.51.61.10.72.4 . . . . . letterpress printingA.44.51.61.10.72.4.4 . . . . . . flexographyA.44.51.61.10.72.6 . . . . . pressworkA.44.51.61.10.72.6.4 . . . . . . fine pressworkA.44.51.61.10.78 . . . . screen printingA.44.51.61.10.78.28 . . . . . halftone screen printingA.44.51.61.10.78.59 . . . . . silkscreen printingA.44.51.61.10.78.72 . . . . . stochastic screeningA.44.51.61.10.83 . . . . split fountain overprintingA.44.51.61.29 . . . craft printingA.44.51.61.45 . . . fine printingA.44.51.61.66 . . . on-demand printing
20
A.44.51.66 . . printmakingA.44.51.70 . . production techniquesA.44.51.75 . . registrationA.44.51.80 . . stencilingA.44.51.80.6 . . . pochoirA.44.51.85 . . type foundingA.99 unsorted
21
C. Communication, Information, and Language FacetC.10 <communication interfaces and protocols >C.10.11 . application programming interfacesC.10.20 . Common Gateway InterfaceC.10.36 . communication protocolsC.10.36.4 . . electronic data interchangeC.10.46 . computer communication protocolsC.10.46.10 . . FTPC.10.46.22 . . HTTPC.10.46.34 . . SFTPC.10.57 . computer networksC.15 <communication media >C.15.13 . broadcast mediaC.15.34 . interactive mediaC.15.36 . InternetC.15.57 . mass mediaC.15.59 . World-Wide WebC.21 <data containers >C.21.20 . databasesC.21.20.14 . . bibliographic databasesC.21.20.31 . . contact databasesC.21.20.54 . . image databasesC.21.32 . data filesC.21.44 . data storage mediaC.21.44.10 . . <magnetic storage media >C.21.44.10.4 . . . floppy disksC.21.44.10.6 . . . magnetic tapeC.21.44.22 . . <solid state storage media >C.21.44.22.5 . . . memory cardsC.21.44.62 . . optical storage mediaC.21.44.62.3 . . . CD-ROMsC.21.44.62.5 . . . DVDsC.27 <information forms >C.27.10 . <representations of data >C.27.10.16 . . control charactersC.27.10.30 . . file formatsC.27.10.30.4 . . . graphics file formatsC.27.10.30.6 . . . <specific file formats >C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [GIF (file format) ]C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [JPEG/JFIF (file format) ]C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [PDF (file format) ]C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [PNG (file format) ]C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [SVG (file format) ]C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [TIFF (file format) ]C.27.10.41 . . formatting codesC.27.10.53 . . hyphenation dictionariesC.27.10.53.4 . . . exception dictionaryC.27.10.55 . . MIME typesC.27.29 . dataC.27.62 . softwareC.27.62.4 . . <software by function >
22
C.27.62.4.37 . . . font editorsC.27.62.4.20 . . . content management systemsC.27.62.4.28 . . . database management systemsC.27.62.4.44 . . . font management softwareC.27.62.4.54 . . . macrosC.27.62.4.63 . . . operating systemsC.27.62.4.71 . . . plug-insC.27.62.4.83 . . . user interfacesC.27.62.4.83.4 . . . . graphical user interfacesC.27.62.9 . . <specific software >C.27.62.9+ . . . [ColorSync (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [DreamWeaver (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [FontLab (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Fontographer (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Freehand (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Illustrator (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [InDesign (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [LaTeX (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Macromedia Flash (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [MetaFont (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Pagemaker (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Photoshop (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [QuarkXPress (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Quartz (computer graphics) (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [QuickDraw (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [QuickTime (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [GNU/Linux (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Mac OS X (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Microsoft Windows (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [TeX (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Unix (software) ]C.27.74 . statisticsC.32 <information processing systems >C.32.3 . computer languagesC.32.3.40 . . markup languagesC.32.3.40.20 . . . HTMLC.32.3.40.50 . . . SGMLC.32.3.40.60 . . . XHTMLC.32.3.40.70 . . . XMLC.32.3.50 . . page description languagesC.32.3.50.3 . . . PostScriptC.32.3.50.3.3 . . . . Display PostScriptC.32.3.50.3.5 . . . . EPSC.32.3.60 . . programming languagesC.32.3.60.10 . . . ApplescriptC.32.3.60.22 . . . Java (programming language)C.32.3.60.34 . . . PerlC.32.3.80 . . stylesheet languagesC.32.3.80.3 . . . CSSC.32.5 . information systemsC.38 <representations of identity >C.38.6 . trademarksC.38.8 . visual identityC.38.8.3 . . brands
23
C.38.8.5 . . corporate identityC.44 <representations of language >C.44.13 . charactersC.44.13.10 . . <characters by form >C.44.13.10.20 . . . first-order characterC.44.13.10.31 . . . fullwidth charactersC.44.13.10.42 . . . halfwidth charactersC.44.13.10.62 . . . primary lettersC.44.13.10.75 . . . second-order charactersC.44.13.10.75.38 . . . . ordinalsC.44.13.10.75.61 . . . . subscriptsC.44.13.10.75.73 . . . . superscriptsC.44.13.22 . . <characters by function >C.44.13.22.11 . . . alphanumeric charactersC.44.13.22.11.4 . . . . letters (characters)C.44.13.22.11.4.10 . . . . . <specific letters >C.44.13.22.11.4.10.10 . . . . . . ashC.44.13.22.11.4.10.15 . . . . . . ayinC.44.13.22.11.4.10.21 . . . . . . barred ellC.44.13.22.11.4.10.26 . . . . . . barred ohC.44.13.22.11.4.10.33 . . . . . . dotless iC.44.13.22.11.4.10.38 . . . . . . dotless jC.44.13.22.11.4.10.43 . . . . . . engC.44.13.22.11.4.10.48 . . . . . . eszettC.44.13.22.11.4.10.53 . . . . . . ethC.44.13.22.11.4.10.58 . . . . . . ethelC.44.13.22.11.4.10.64 . . . . . . hamzaC.44.13.22.11.4.10.73 . . . . . . schwaC.44.13.22.11.4.10.79 . . . . . . thornC.44.13.22.11.4.10.85 . . . . . . yoghC.44.13.22.11.4.40 . . . . . lowercase lettersC.44.13.22.11.4.65 . . . . . titlecaseC.44.13.22.11.4.78 . . . . . uppercase lettersC.44.13.22.11.6 . . . . numeralsC.44.13.22.11.6.10 . . . . . Arabic-Indic digitsC.44.13.22.11.6.22 . . . . . Arabic numeralsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.3 . . . . . . <numerals by form and function >C.44.13.22.11.6.22.3.28 . . . . . . . lining numeralsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.3.43 . . . . . . . oldstyle numeralsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.3.62 . . . . . . . small cap figuresC.44.13.22.11.6.22.3.76 . . . . . . . titling numeralsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.5 . . . . . . fractionsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.13 . . . . . . . case fractionsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.25 . . . . . . . diagonal fractionsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.36 . . . . . . . em fractionsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.48 . . . . . . . horizontal fractionsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.64 . . . . . . . piece fractionsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.77 . . . . . . . solidus fractionsC.44.13.22.11.6.34 . . . . . Roman numeralsC.44.13.22.22 . . . analphabetic charactersC.44.13.22.22.16 . . . . currency symbolsC.44.13.22.22.16.22 . . . . . dollar signC.44.13.22.22.16.24 . . . . . Euro symbolC.44.13.22.22.16.66 . . . . . pound sterling sign
24
C.44.13.22.22.40 . . . . pi charactersC.44.13.22.22.51 . . . . printer’s ornamentsC.44.13.22.22.51.3 . . . . . dingbatsC.44.13.22.22.51.5 . . . . . fleuronsC.44.13.22.22.62 . . . . punctuationC.44.13.22.22.62 . . . . . <specific punctuation characters >C.44.13.22.22.62.16 . . . . . . dashC.44.13.22.22.62.16.17 . . . . . . . em dashC.44.13.22.22.62.16.17.40 . . . . . . . . joining em dashC.44.13.22.22.62.16.17.72 . . . . . . . . punctuating em dashC.44.13.22.22.62.16.26 . . . . . . . en dashC.44.13.22.22.62.16.53 . . . . . . . non-breaking hyphenC.44.13.22.22.62.16.69 . . . . . . . three-em dashC.44.13.22.22.62.16.80 . . . . . . . two-em dashC.44.13.22.22.62.28 . . . . . . ellipsisC.44.13.22.22.62.28.7 . . . . . . . vertical ellipsisC.44.13.22.22.62.33 . . . . . . hyphenC.44.13.22.22.62.33.4 . . . . . . . discretionary hyphenC.44.13.22.22.62.33.6 . . . . . . . hard hyphenC.44.13.22.22.62.10 . . . . . . ampersandC.44.13.22.22.62.13 . . . . . . angle bracketsC.44.13.22.22.62.17 . . . . . . apostropheC.44.13.22.22.62.20 . . . . . . asteriskC.44.13.22.22.62.23 . . . . . . at signC.44.13.22.22.62.27 . . . . . . bracesC.44.13.22.22.62.31 . . . . . . bracketsC.44.13.22.22.62.34 . . . . . . bulletC.44.13.22.22.62.37 . . . . . . caretC.44.13.22.22.62.41 . . . . . . centered dotC.44.13.22.22.62.44 . . . . . . colonC.44.13.22.22.62.48 . . . . . . commaC.44.13.22.22.62.52 . . . . . . exclamation pointC.44.13.22.22.62.77 . . . . . . section markC.44.13.22.22.62.42 . . . . . . inverted exclamation pointC.44.13.22.22.62.46 . . . . . . inverted question markC.44.13.22.22.62.60 . . . . . . poetry ellipsisC.44.13.22.22.62.81 . . . . . . square bracketsC.44.13.22.22.62.56 . . . . . . hash markC.44.13.22.22.62.61 . . . . . . parenthesesC.44.13.22.22.62.65 . . . . . . percent signC.44.13.22.22.62.68 . . . . . . periodC.44.13.22.22.62.71 . . . . . . pilcrowC.44.13.22.22.62.75 . . . . . . question markC.44.13.22.22.62.79 . . . . . . quotation marksC.44.13.22.22.62.79.3 . . . . . . . <quotation marks by form >C.44.13.22.22.62.79.3.20 . . . . . . . . curly quotesC.44.13.22.22.62.79.3.39 . . . . . . . . guillemetsC.44.13.22.22.62.79.3.72 . . . . . . . . straight quotesC.44.13.22.22.62.79.5 . . . . . . . <quotation marks by function >C.44.13.22.22.62.79.5.4 . . . . . . . . double quotesC.44.13.22.22.62.79.5.6 . . . . . . . . single quotesC.44.13.22.22.62.82 . . . . . . semicolonC.44.13.22.22.62.86 . . . . . . slashC.44.13.22.22.62.86.13 . . . . . . . backslash
25
C.44.13.22.22.62.86.38 . . . . . . . fraction barC.44.13.22.22.62.86.77 . . . . . . . virguleC.44.13.22.22.77 . . . . symbols (characters)C.44.13.22.22.77.6 . . . . . phonetic symbolsC.44.13.22.22.77 . . . . . <specific symbols >C.44.13.22.22.77.12 . . . . . . daggerC.44.13.22.22.77.20 . . . . . . diamondC.44.13.22.22.77.20.5 . . . . . . . lozengeC.44.13.22.22.77.24 . . . . . . double daggerC.44.13.22.22.77.38 . . . . . . infinity symbolC.44.13.22.22.77.55 . . . . . . parallelsC.44.13.22.22.77.64 . . . . . . primeC.44.13.22.22.77.68 . . . . . . printer’s fistC.44.13.22.22.77.86 . . . . . . underscoreC.44.13.22.37 . . . cantillation marksC.44.13.22.51 . . . combining charactersC.44.13.22.51.10 . . . . accent marksC.44.13.22.51.10 . . . . . <specific accent marks >C.44.13.22.51.10.10 . . . . . . acute accentC.44.13.22.51.10.14 . . . . . . breveC.44.13.22.51.10.18 . . . . . . cedillaC.44.13.22.51.10.21 . . . . . . circumflexC.44.13.22.51.10.25 . . . . . . dieresisC.44.13.22.51.10.29 . . . . . . dot aboveC.44.13.22.51.10.33 . . . . . . dot belowC.44.13.22.51.10.36 . . . . . . double acute accentC.44.13.22.51.10.40 . . . . . . grave accentC.44.13.22.51.10.48 . . . . . . hacekC.44.13.22.51.10.51 . . . . . . harakatC.44.13.22.51.10.56 . . . . . . macronC.44.13.22.51.10.59 . . . . . . matraC.44.13.22.51.10.63 . . . . . . nekudotC.44.13.22.51.10.67 . . . . . . ogonekC.44.13.22.51.10.70 . . . . . . overringC.44.13.22.51.10.75 . . . . . . ring (accent mark)C.44.13.22.51.10.79 . . . . . . tildeC.44.13.22.51.10.83 . . . . . . umlautC.44.13.22.51.10.87 . . . . . . viramaC.44.13.22.51.10.70 . . . . . . tonosC.44.13.22.51.10.12 . . . . . . bareiaC.44.13.22.51.10.24 . . . . . . breathing marksC.44.13.22.51.10.24.3 . . . . . . . daseiaC.44.13.22.51.10.24.6 . . . . . . . psiliC.44.13.22.51.10.44 . . . . . . iota subscriptC.44.13.22.51.10.59 . . . . . . oxeiaC.44.13.22.51.10.71 . . . . . . perispomeneC.44.13.22.51.49 . . . . scansion marksC.44.13.22.51.49 . . . . . <specific scansion marks >C.44.13.22.51.49.15 . . . . . . breve (scansion mark)C.44.13.22.51.49.42 . . . . . . ictusC.44.13.22.51.49.58 . . . . . . longumC.44.13.22.51.65 . . . . tone marksC.44.13.22.51.78 . . . . vowel pointsC.44.20 . character sets
26
C.44.20.3 . . <specific character sets >C.44.20.3.10 . . . ASCIIC.44.20.3.16 . . . Big5 (character set encoding)C.44.20.3.22 . . . EBCDICC.44.20.3.32 . . . extended ASCIIC.44.20.3.34 . . . ISCIIC.44.20.3.40 . . . ISO Latin-1C.44.20.3.46 . . . JISC.44.20.3.52 . . . MacRomanC.44.20.3.58 . . . Shift-JISC.44.20.3.64 . . . UCSC.44.20.3.64.3 . . . . UCS-2C.44.20.3.64.5 . . . . UCS-4C.44.20.3.70 . . . UnicodeC.44.20.3.70.3 . . . . Unicode encoding formsC.44.20.3.70.3.10 . . . . . UTF-16C.44.20.3.70.3.21 . . . . . UTF-32C.44.20.3.70.3.32 . . . . . UTF-7C.44.20.3.70.3.44 . . . . . UTF-8C.44.20.5 . . multibyte character setsC.44.32 . glyphsC.44.40 . handwritingC.44.40.5 . . handwriting stylesC.44.40.5.14 . . . calligraphyC.44.40.5.14.10 . . . . Arabic calligraphyC.44.40.5.14.21 . . . . Chinese calligraphyC.44.40.5.14.32 . . . . Hebrew calligraphyC.44.40.5.14.44 . . . . Japanese calligraphyC.44.40.5.14.44.7 . . . . . shoC.44.40.5.29 . . . cursiveC.44.40.5.52 . . . manuscript handsC.44.40.5.52.14 . . . . chancery handC.44.40.5.52.32 . . . . half-uncialC.44.40.5.52.34 . . . . Insular handC.44.40.5.52.62 . . . . printer’s handC.44.40.5.52.78 . . . . uncialC.44.40.5.69 . . . printing (handwriting)C.44.40.5.69.3 . . . . block printing (handwriting)C.44.53 . orthographyC.44.65 . textC.44.65.5 . . plain textC.44.65.7 . . rich textC.44.74 . typefacesC.44.74.18 . . <typefaces by construction >C.44.74.18.21 . . . digital fontsC.44.74.18.21.3 . . . . <digital fonts by form >C.44.74.18.21.3.3 . . . . . bitmap fontsC.44.74.18.21.3.6 . . . . . outline fontsC.44.74.18.21.5 . . . . <digital fonts by format >C.44.74.18.21.5.10 . . . . . Multiple Master fontsC.44.74.18.21.5.21 . . . . . OpenType fontsC.44.74.18.21.5.32 . . . . . PostScript fontsC.44.74.18.21.5.32.3 . . . . . . Type 1 fontsC.44.74.18.21.5.32.5 . . . . . . Type 3 fonts
27
C.44.74.18.21.5.44 . . . . . TrueType fontsC.44.74.18.21.5.44.3 . . . . . . TrueType GX fontsC.44.74.18.52 . . . photographic fontsC.44.74.18.66 . . . press-on letteringC.44.74.27 . . <typefaces by function >C.44.74.27.10 . . . Braille alphabetC.44.74.27.21 . . . decorative typefacesC.44.74.27.28 . . . display typefacesC.44.74.27.36 . . . expert fontsC.44.74.27.45 . . . house fontC.44.74.27.53 . . . job fontsC.44.74.27.64 . . . pi fontsC.44.74.27.75 . . . text fontsC.44.74.27.82 . . . titling typefacesC.44.74.35 . . <typefaces by style >C.44.74.35.10 . . . Aldine typefacesC.44.74.35.12 . . . antique typefacesC.44.74.35.15 . . . blackletterC.44.74.35.15.13 . . . . bastardaC.44.74.35.15.21 . . . . FrakturC.44.74.35.15.60 . . . . rotundaC.44.74.35.15.76 . . . . texturaC.44.74.35.17 . . . brush typefacesC.44.74.35.19 . . . cameo typefacesC.44.74.35.22 . . . clarendon typefacesC.44.74.35.24 . . . Didone typefacesC.44.74.35.26 . . . Dutch Old Style typefacesC.44.74.35.28 . . . Dutch typefacesC.44.74.35.31 . . . fat facesC.44.74.35.33 . . . Fraktur variant typefacesC.44.74.35.35 . . . Garalde typefacesC.44.74.35.38 . . . glyphic typefacesC.44.74.35.41 . . . graphic typefacesC.44.74.35.43 . . . grotesque typefacesC.44.74.35.43.3 . . . . Akzidenz Grotesk typefacesC.44.74.35.45 . . . Humane typefacesC.44.74.35.47 . . . humanist typefacesC.44.74.35.49 . . . Incise typefacesC.44.74.35.51 . . . Latin typefacesC.44.74.35.55 . . . linéale typefacesC.44.74.35.57 . . . Manuaire typefacesC.44.74.35.59 . . . Mécane typefacesC.44.74.35.62 . . . modern typefacesC.44.74.35.64 . . . neogrotesque typefacesC.44.74.35.66 . . . neohumanist typefacesC.44.74.35.69 . . . oldstyle typefacesC.44.74.35.71 . . . Orientale typefacesC.44.74.35.73 . . . Réale typefacesC.44.74.35.76 . . . realist typefacesC.44.74.35.78 . . . Roman typefacesC.44.74.35.80 . . . Schwabacher typefacesC.44.74.35.82 . . . Scotch typefacesC.44.74.35.86 . . . transitional typefacesC.44.74.35.88 . . . Venetian typefaces
28
C.44.74.44 . . <typefaces by visual form >C.44.74.44.10 . . . animated typeC.44.74.44.21 . . . elite typeC.44.74.44.28 . . . fixed-width typefacesC.44.74.44.35 . . . geometric typefacesC.44.74.44.47 . . . proportional typefacesC.44.74.44.55 . . . sans-serif typefacesC.44.74.44.61 . . . script typefacesC.44.74.44.68 . . . serif typefacesC.44.74.44.68.7 . . . . slab-serif typefacesC.44.74.44.75 . . . standard-width typefacesC.44.74.44.83 . . . unmodulated typefacesC.44.74.72 . . typeface classificationsC.44.74.72.10 . . . ATypI classificationC.44.74.72.20 . . . British Standards for Type ClassificationC.44.74.72.30 . . . DIN 1658C.44.74.72.41 . . . PANOSE Typeface Matching System (tm)C.44.74.72.51 . . . Vox classificationC.44.74.81 . . type familiesC.44.74.90 . . <specific typefaces >C.44.74.90+ . . . [Futura (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Baskerville (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Bell (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Bembo (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Bodoni (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Caslon (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Century (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Cheltenham (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Clarendon (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Didot (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Frutiger (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Futura (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Garamond (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Gill Sans (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Goudy (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Helvetica (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Optima (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Palatino (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Plantin (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Times (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Univers (typeface) ]C.44.83 . writing systemsC.44.83.17 . . <writing systems by case distinction >C.44.83.17.3 . . . bicameral writing systemsC.44.83.17.7 . . . unicameral writing systemsC.44.83.25 . . <writing systems by function >C.44.83.25.28 . . . hieroglyphicsC.44.83.25.52 . . . phonetic alphabetsC.44.83.25.69 . . . runesC.44.83.33 . . alphabetsC.44.83.44 . . <consonantal writing systems >C.44.83.44.3 . . . abjadsC.44.83.44.5 . . . abugidasC.44.83.58 . . logographic writing systems
29
C.44.83.66 . . logosyllabariesC.44.83.81 . . syllabariesC.44.90 . <specific writing systems >C.44.90.100 . . Arabic scriptC.44.90.112 . . Aramaic scriptC.44.90.125 . . Armenian alphabetC.44.90.137 . . AsomtavruliC.44.90.150 . . Avestan alphabetC.44.90.162 . . Aztec glyphsC.44.90.175 . . Canadian Aboriginal SyllabicsC.44.90.187 . . Cherokee syllabaryC.44.90.205 . . consonantal writing systemsC.44.90.212 . . Cretan alphabetC.44.90.225 . . Cyrillic alphabetC.44.90.243 . . demotic scriptC.44.90.250 . . DevanagariC.44.90.262 . . Dhives AkuruC.44.90.275 . . Easter Island scriptC.44.90.287 . . Etruscan alphabetC.44.90.300 . . Fraser alphabetC.44.90.312 . . FutharkC.44.90.325 . . Ge’ez (writing system)C.44.90.337 . . GlagoliticC.44.90.350 . . Gothic alphabetC.44.90.362 . . Greek alphabetC.44.90.375 . . HangulC.44.90.387 . . HanziC.44.90.400 . . Hebrew alphabetC.44.90.423 . . hieratic scriptC.44.90.435 . . hiraganaC.44.90.437 . . International Phonetic AlphabetC.44.90.462 . . kanaC.44.90.464 . . kanjiC.44.90.487 . . katakanaC.44.90.489 . . Klingon alphabetC.44.90.500 . . Manchu alphabetC.44.90.512 . . Mandaic scriptC.44.90.525 . . Mayan glyphsC.44.90.537 . . MkhedruliC.44.90.550 . . Mongolian alphabetC.44.90.562 . . Nabatean scriptC.44.90.575 . . NagariC.44.90.587 . . N’ko alphabetC.44.90.600 . . North Semitic alphabetsC.44.90.612 . . Nushu (writing system)C.44.90.641 . . oghamC.44.90.643 . . Old Church Slavonic alphabetC.44.90.650 . . Old Italic alphabetC.44.90.662 . . Old Permic alphabetC.44.90.675 . . OrkhonC.44.90.687 . . Osmanya alphabetC.44.90.700 . . Parthian scriptC.44.90.712 . . Persian scriptC.44.90.725 . . Phoenician alphabet
30
C.44.90.737 . . Psalter scriptC.44.90.750 . . Roman alphabetC.44.90.762 . . Sabaean scriptC.44.90.775 . . Samaritan scriptC.44.90.787 . . Sogdian scriptC.44.90.800 . . South Arabian scriptC.44.90.812 . . Syriac scriptC.44.90.825 . . Tai Lue alphabetC.44.90.837 . . Ugaritic cuneiformC.44.90.850 . . Uralic Phonetic AlphabetC.44.90.862 . . VahC.49 <transformations of information >C.49.14 . code pagesC.49.25 . file compressionC.49.34 . file conversionC.49.43 . font embeddingC.49.55 . media conversionC.49.65 . normalization formsC.49.80 . transliterationC.49.80.15 . . bopomofoC.49.80.53 . . pinyinC.49.80.55 . . Wade-GilesC.55 <visual symbol systems >C.55.25 . iconographic systemsC.55.37 . icons (computer systems)C.55.57 . pictographsC.55.73 . sign systemsC.63 communicationC.63.7 . visual communicationC.63.7.7 . . written communicationC.73 languageC.79 languagesC.79.3 . <language groups >C.79.3.3 . . <specific language families >C.79.3.3.10 . . . Chinese (language family)C.79.3.3.22 . . . Indo-European languagesC.79.3.3.34 . . . Semitic languagesC.79.3.5 . . <specific language groups >C.79.3.5.10 . . . African languagesC.79.3.5.22 . . . Native American languagesC.79.3.5.34 . . . South Asian languagesC.79.9 . <specific languages >C.79.9+ . . [Arabic (language) ]C.79.9+ . . [Greek (language) ]C.79.9+ . . . [Ancient Greek (language) ]C.79.9+ . . . [Modern Greek (language) ]C.79.9+ . . [Hindi (language) ]C.79.9+ . . [Japanese (language) ]C.79.9+ . . [Mandarin (language) ]C.79.9+ . . [Tamil (language) ]C.79.9+ . . [Thai (language) ]C.79.9+ . . [Urdu (language) ]
31
E. Entities FacetE.3 <people >E.3.3 . <people by occupation >E.3.3.10 . . accountantsE.3.3.15 . . art directorsE.3.3.20 . . book collectorsE.3.3.25 . . business managersE.3.3.31 . . designersE.3.3.36 . . editorsE.3.3.36.4 . . . copyeditorsE.3.3.42 . . illustratorsE.3.3.50 . . photographersE.3.3.55 . . printer’s devilsE.3.3.59 . . printers (people)E.3.3.64 . . printmakersE.3.3.69 . . proofreadersE.3.3.74 . . punchcuttersE.3.3.79 . . scribesE.3.3.85 . . typographersE.3.3.85.43 . . . type designersE.3.3.85.54 . . . type directorsE.3.3.85.65 . . . typesetters (people)E.3.3.85.77 . . . typographical designersE.3.5 . <people by relationship >E.3.5.16 . . clientsE.3.5.28 . . consultantsE.3.5.43 . . employeesE.3.5.78 . . usersE.5 organizationsE.5.13 . associationsE.5.13.3 . . <associations by function >E.5.13.3.12 . . . book clubsE.5.13.3.29 . . . guildsE.5.13.3.65 . . . professional associationsE.5.13.3.79 . . . trade unionsE.5.13.5 . . <specific associations >E.5.13.5.3 . . . American Association of Arts and IndustriesE.5.28 . businessesE.5.28.10 . . <businesses by function >E.5.28.10.10 . . . advertising agenciesE.5.28.10.19 . . . bookbindersE.5.28.10.27 . . . collection agenciesE.5.28.10.43 . . . pressesE.5.28.10.43.16 . . . . commercial printersE.5.28.10.43.33 . . . . fine pressesE.5.28.10.43.62 . . . . small pressesE.5.28.10.43.77 . . . . university pressesE.5.28.10.50 . . . printers (businesses)E.5.28.10.57 . . . print shopsE.5.28.10.65 . . . publishersE.5.28.10.65.3 . . . . commercial publishers
32
E.5.28.10.73 . . . service bureausE.5.28.10.82 . . . typefoundriesE.5.28.10.82.4 . . . . digital foundriesE.5.28.21 . . <businesses by size >E.5.28.21.7 . . . small businessesE.5.28.37 . . business venturesE.5.28.37.4 . . . joint venturesE.5.28.37.6 . . . partnershipsE.5.28.51 . . companiesE.5.28.51.5 . . . corporationsE.5.28.51.5.6 . . . . non-profit corporationsE.5.55 . institutionsE.5.55.4 . . foundations
33
L. Places FacetL.41 librariesL.52 museumsL.60 schoolsL.60.10 . <schools by education level >L.60.10.10 . . <colleges and universities >L.60.10.10.3 . . . collegesL.60.10.10.3.3 . . . . community collegesL.60.10.10.3.5 . . . . junior collegesL.60.10.10.7 . . . universitiesL.60.10.29 . . elementary schoolsL.60.10.42 . . high schoolsL.60.10.55 . . junior high schoolsL.60.10.68 . . middle schoolsL.60.22 . <schools by ownership >L.60.22.5 . . private schoolsL.60.22.7 . . public schoolsL.60.34 . <schools by subject >L.60.34.13 . . art schoolsL.60.34.28 . . business schoolsL.60.34.77 . . vocational schoolsL.80 workplacesL.80.4 . home officesL.80.6 . studios
35
O. Objects and Materials FacetO.3 <objects >O.3.3 . <objects by form >O.3.3.10 . . SammelbandO.3.3.59 . . sorts (type)O.3.3.73 . . surfacesO.3.3.73.10 . . . acetateO.3.3.73.21 . . . canvasO.3.3.73.30 . . . cardboardO.3.3.73.42 . . . fabricO.3.3.73.58 . . . paperO.3.3.73.58.10 . . . . <paper folds >O.3.3.73.58.10.10 . . . . . accordion foldsO.3.3.73.58.10.30 . . . . . concertina foldsO.3.3.73.58.10.49 . . . . . flutter foldsO.3.3.73.58.20 . . . . <paper products >O.3.3.73.58.20.4 . . . . . envelopesO.3.3.73.58.30 . . . . <paper properties >O.3.3.73.58.30.4 . . . . . grainO.3.3.73.58.30.7 . . . . . watermarksO.3.3.73.58.41 . . . . <paper types >O.3.3.73.58.41.3 . . . . . <paper types by form >O.3.3.73.58.41.3.10 . . . . . . acid-free paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.14 . . . . . . antique paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.19 . . . . . . bank paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.23 . . . . . . bark paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.27 . . . . . . bond paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.32 . . . . . . buffered paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.36 . . . . . . cartridge paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.41 . . . . . . coated paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.41.3 . . . . . . . cast-coated paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.41.5 . . . . . . . machine-coated paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.48 . . . . . . laid paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.52 . . . . . . machine-finished paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.57 . . . . . . machine-glazed paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.63 . . . . . . rag paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.67 . . . . . . recycled paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.72 . . . . . . shaped paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.77 . . . . . . uncoated paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.82 . . . . . . vellumO.3.3.73.58.41.3.82.5 . . . . . . . limp vellumO.3.3.73.58.41.3.86 . . . . . . wove paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.86.3 . . . . . . . antique wove paperO.3.3.73.58.41.5 . . . . . <paper types by function >O.3.3.73.58.41.5.13 . . . . . . art paperO.3.3.73.58.41.5.32 . . . . . . decorative paperO.3.3.73.58.41.5.32.5 . . . . . . . marbled paperO.3.3.73.58.41.5.66 . . . . . . printing paperO.3.3.73.58.51 . . . . <quantities of paper >O.3.3.73.58.51.5 . . . . . quiresO.3.3.73.58.51.7 . . . . . reams
36
O.3.3.73.66 . . . paperboardO.3.3.73.75 . . . parchmentO.3.5 . <objects by function >O.3.5.10 . . <instruments >O.3.5.10.10 . . . <calibrating instuments >O.3.5.10.10.4 . . . . grayscaleO.3.5.10.21 . . . <marking instruments >O.3.5.10.21.10 . . . . airbrushO.3.5.10.21.17 . . . . brushesO.3.5.10.21.24 . . . . colorimeterO.3.5.10.21.31 . . . . crayonsO.3.5.10.21.42 . . . . markersO.3.5.10.21.49 . . . . palette knivesO.3.5.10.21.55 . . . . pencilsO.3.5.10.21.61 . . . . pensO.3.5.10.21.61.6 . . . . . quill pensO.3.5.10.21.70 . . . . stencilsO.3.5.10.21.76 . . . . styliO.3.5.10.21.84 . . . . writing implementsO.3.5.10.32 . . . <measuring instruments >O.3.5.10.32.15 . . . . densitometersO.3.5.10.32.29 . . . . line gaugesO.3.5.10.32.38 . . . . loupesO.3.5.10.32.47 . . . . microdensitometersO.3.5.10.32.62 . . . . spectrophotometersO.3.5.10.32.70 . . . . spectroradiometersO.3.5.10.32.81 . . . . type gaugesO.3.5.10.44 . . . <recording instruments >O.3.5.10.44.3 . . . . camerasO.3.5.10.44.3.3 . . . . . digital camerasO.3.5.10.44.3.7 . . . . . video camerasO.3.5.10.44.6 . . . . pantographsO.3.5.21 . . <parts of a book >O.3.5.21.11 . . . binding (objects)O.3.5.21.11.3 . . . . <bindings by form >O.3.5.21.11.3.14 . . . . . comb bindingO.3.5.21.11.3.32 . . . . . loose-leaf bindingO.3.5.21.11.3.45 . . . . . perfect bindingO.3.5.21.11.3.57 . . . . . saddle-stitch bindingO.3.5.21.11.3.67 . . . . . section-sewn bindingO.3.5.21.11.3.77 . . . . . side-stitch bindingO.3.5.21.18 . . . coverO.3.5.21.24 . . . book jacketO.3.5.21.35 . . . fore edgeO.3.5.21.41 . . . front edgeO.3.5.21.49 . . . hingeO.3.5.21.56 . . . jointO.3.5.21.68 . . . signaturesO.3.5.21.75 . . . spineO.3.5.21.75.3 . . . . concertina spineO.3.5.21.82 . . . text blockO.3.5.44 . . equipmentO.3.5.44.15 . . . computer hardwareO.3.5.44.15.3 . . . . computer peripherals
37
O.3.5.44.15.3.3 . . . . . data storage devicesO.3.5.44.15.3.3.20 . . . . . . floppy drivesO.3.5.44.15.3.3.32 . . . . . . hard drivesO.3.5.44.15.3.3.47 . . . . . . memory devicesO.3.5.44.15.3.3.47.3 . . . . . . . RAMO.3.5.44.15.3.3.59 . . . . . . optical drivesO.3.5.44.15.3.3.59.3 . . . . . . . CD-ROM drivesO.3.5.44.15.3.3.59.5 . . . . . . . DVD drivesO.3.5.44.15.3.3.75 . . . . . . solid-state drivesO.3.5.44.15.3.3.75.4 . . . . . . . flash drivesO.3.5.44.15.3.5 . . . . . I/O devicesO.3.5.44.15.3.5.18 . . . . . . computer terminalsO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43 . . . . . . input devicesO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.21 . . . . . . . graphics tabletsO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.34 . . . . . . . keyboardsO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.47 . . . . . . . miceO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74 . . . . . . . scannersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.16 . . . . . . . . desktop scannersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.26 . . . . . . . . drum scannersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.37 . . . . . . . . flatbed scannersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.50 . . . . . . . . large format scannersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.67 . . . . . . . . sheetfed scannersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.77 . . . . . . . . slide scannersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62 . . . . . . output devicesO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.15 . . . . . . . computer displaysO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.20 . . . . . . . CRTO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.30 . . . . . . . LCDO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.61 . . . . . . . plottersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72 . . . . . . . printers (computer peripherals)O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.10 . . . . . . . . <printers by chromaticity >O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.10.14 . . . . . . . . . black and white printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.10.30 . . . . . . . . . color printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.10.51 . . . . . . . . . grayscale printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.22 . . . . . . . . <printers by function >O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.22.4 . . . . . . . . . large format printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.22.6 . . . . . . . . . on-demand printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34 . . . . . . . . <printers by method >O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.13 . . . . . . . . . bubblejet printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.26 . . . . . . . . . dot-matrix printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.35 . . . . . . . . . dye-dublimation printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.49 . . . . . . . . . inkjet printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.60 . . . . . . . . . laser printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.79 . . . . . . . . . thermal-transfer printersO.3.5.44.15.5 . . . . computersO.3.5.44.15.5.29 . . . . . mainframe computersO.3.5.44.15.5.41 . . . . . minicomputersO.3.5.44.15.5.56 . . . . . personal computersO.3.5.44.15.5.56.3 . . . . . . desktop computersO.3.5.44.15.5.56.5 . . . . . . laptopsO.3.5.44.15.5.79 . . . . . workstations (computers)O.3.5.44.36 . . . machinesO.3.5.44.51 . . . printing equipmentO.3.5.44.51.17 . . . . digital prooofersO.3.5.44.51.29 . . . . electrophotographic printers
38
O.3.5.44.51.43 . . . . imagesettersO.3.5.44.51.43.3 . . . . . capstan imagesettersO.3.5.44.51.62 . . . . printing platesO.3.5.44.51.62.6 . . . . . phototypesO.3.5.44.51.72 . . . . printing pressesO.3.5.44.66 . . . suppliesO.3.5.44.66.6 . . . . office suppliesO.3.5.44.78 . . . typesetting equipmentO.3.5.44.78.14 . . . . chaseO.3.5.44.78.28 . . . . furniture (typesetting instruments)O.3.5.44.78.47 . . . . quoinsO.3.5.44.78.58 . . . . spacebandsO.3.5.44.78.70 . . . . type casesO.3.5.44.78.80 . . . . typesetters (equipment)O.3.5.44.78.80.4 . . . . . linecastersO.3.5.44.78.80.4.3 . . . . . . Linotype (typesetting equipment)O.3.5.44.78.80.6 . . . . . Monotype (typesetting equipment)O.3.5.77 . . type (objects)O.3.5.77.10 . . . <parts of a unit of type >O.3.5.77.10.11 . . . . beard (type)O.3.5.77.10.21 . . . . face (type)O.3.5.77.10.28 . . . . foot (type)O.3.5.77.10.35 . . . . front (type)O.3.5.77.10.42 . . . . head (type)O.3.5.77.10.51 . . . . matrix (type)O.3.5.77.10.58 . . . . nick (type)O.3.5.77.10.66 . . . . pin markO.3.5.77.10.75 . . . . shank (type)O.3.5.77.10.81 . . . . shoulder (type)O.3.5.77.22 . . . <type by form >O.3.5.77.22.14 . . . . block typeO.3.5.77.22.41 . . . . metal typeO.3.5.77.22.53 . . . . moveable typeO.3.5.77.22.79 . . . . wood typeO.3.5.77.50 . . . foundry typeO.5 materialsO.5.22 . dyesO.5.43 . inkO.5.63 . paintsO.5.63.10 . . acrylic paintsO.5.63.50 . . oil paintsO.5.63.78 . . watercolorsO.9 unsorted
39
P. Properties and Concepts FacetP.3 <concepts >P.3.10 . <financial concepts >P.3.10.10 . . <financial balance measures >P.3.10.10.13 . . . assetsP.3.10.10.13.3 . . . . accounts receivableP.3.10.10.36 . . . equityP.3.10.10.57 . . . liabilitiesP.3.10.10.57.3 . . . . accounts payableP.3.10.10.57.5 . . . . debtsP.3.10.31 . . capital (money)P.3.10.33 . . expensesP.3.10.33.14 . . . educational expensesP.3.10.33.20 . . . entertainment expensesP.3.10.33.28 . . . insuranceP.3.10.33.36 . . . mortgagesP.3.10.33.43 . . . overheadP.3.10.33.51 . . . rentP.3.10.33.57 . . . salariesP.3.10.33.64 . . . shipping expensesP.3.10.33.71 . . . taxesP.3.10.33.71.16 . . . . corporate taxesP.3.10.33.71.29 . . . . estimated tax paymentsP.3.10.33.71.44 . . . . income taxesP.3.10.33.71.64 . . . . self-employment taxP.3.10.33.71.77 . . . . tax deductionsP.3.10.33.77 . . . transportation expensesP.3.10.33.83 . . . travel expensesP.3.10.49 . . incomeP.3.10.49.6 . . . royaltiesP.3.10.59 . . pricesP.3.10.69 . . profitsP.3.22 . <legal concepts >P.3.22.10 . . <intellectual property law >P.3.22.10.16 . . . copyrightP.3.22.10.16.4 . . . . fair useP.3.22.10.34 . . . intellectual propertyP.3.22.10.46 . . . licensesP.3.22.10.60 . . . patentsP.3.22.10.78 . . . trademark lawP.3.22.45 . . lawsP.3.22.70 . . malpracticeP.3.34 . <mathematical concepts >P.3.34.3 . . algorithmsP.3.34.3.4 . . . fractalsP.3.34.5 . . geometryP.5 <properties >P.5.10 . <measures of ability >P.5.10.26 . . information literacyP.5.10.40 . . literacyP.5.10.52 . . media literacy
40
P.5.10.78 . . visual literacyP.5.18 . <production properties >P.5.18.6 . . resolutionP.5.18.6.6 . . . output resolutionP.5.27 . <properties of color and brightness >P.5.27.3 . . color (chromaticity)P.5.27.3.10 . . . <color by function >P.5.27.3.10.37 . . . . nonrepro blueP.5.27.3.10.54 . . . . process colorP.5.27.3.10.72 . . . . spot colorP.5.27.3.22 . . . chromaP.5.27.3.30 . . . chromaticity coordinatesP.5.27.3.39 . . . color managementP.5.27.3.39.18 . . . . color calibrationP.5.27.3.39.30 . . . . colorimetryP.5.27.3.39.42 . . . . color matchingP.5.27.3.48 . . . color modelsP.5.27.3.48.3 . . . . CMYKP.5.27.3.48.5 . . . . RGBP.5.27.3.56 . . . color spacesP.5.27.3.56.10 . . . . Adobe RGBP.5.27.3.56.20 . . . . CIELabP.5.27.3.56.30 . . . . CIE XYZP.5.27.3.56.41 . . . . PantoneP.5.27.3.56.74 . . . . sRGBP.5.27.3.65 . . . color synthesisP.5.27.3.65.3 . . . . additive color synthesisP.5.27.3.65.6 . . . . subtractive color synthesisP.5.27.3.80 . . . paletteP.5.27.5 . . gradientsP.5.35 . <properties of layout >P.5.35.10 . . <properties of running text >P.5.35.10.13 . . . densityP.5.35.10.21 . . . fitP.5.35.10.21.3 . . . . closed upP.5.35.10.21.5 . . . . French spacingP.5.35.10.30 . . . intercharacter spaceP.5.35.10.30.4 . . . . kerningP.5.35.10.30.4.3 . . . . . automatic kerningP.5.35.10.30.4.5 . . . . . manual kerningP.5.35.10.30.4.7 . . . . . optical kerningP.5.35.10.30.6 . . . . letterspacingP.5.35.10.37 . . . legibilityP.5.35.10.45 . . . open spacingP.5.35.10.54 . . . readabilityP.5.35.10.63 . . . text directionP.5.35.10.69 . . . texture (typesetting)P.5.35.10.76 . . . trackingP.5.35.10.84 . . . writing directionP.5.35.10.84.13 . . . . bidirectional (writing direction)P.5.35.10.84.23 . . . . boustrophedonP.5.35.10.84.45 . . . . left-to-right (writing direction)P.5.35.10.84.63 . . . . right-to-left (writing direction)P.5.35.10.84.78 . . . . top-to-bottom (writing direction)
41
P.5.35.20 . . alignmentP.5.35.20.14 . . . base alignmentP.5.35.20.32 . . . decimal alignmentP.5.35.20.71 . . . skewP.5.35.17 . . character protrusionP.5.35.39 . . hyphenation and justificationP.5.35.39.25 . . . hyphenationP.5.35.39.25.6 . . . . ranked hyphenationP.5.35.39.38 . . . justificationP.5.35.39.38.4 . . . . linesettingsP.5.35.39.38.4.15 . . . . . centeredP.5.35.39.38.4.38 . . . . . justifiedP.5.35.39.38.4.38.4 . . . . . . force-justifiedP.5.35.39.38.4.70 . . . . . raggedP.5.35.39.38.4.70.43 . . . . . . ragged leftP.5.35.39.38.4.70.55 . . . . . . ragged rightP.5.35.39.38.4.70.78 . . . . . . wild ragP.5.35.39.38.7 . . . . vertical justificationP.5.35.39.51 . . . line breakingP.5.35.39.77 . . . truncated settingP.5.35.50 . . leadingP.5.35.55 . . optical alignmentP.5.35.77 . . settings (typography)P.5.35.77.6 . . . set solidP.5.35.77.8 . . . solid setP.5.44 . <properties of text >P.5.44.10 . . <properties of typefaces >P.5.44.10.11 . . . axisP.5.44.10.18 . . . biasP.5.44.10.26 . . . color (type)P.5.44.10.32 . . . contrast (type)P.5.44.10.42 . . . hinting (digital fonts)P.5.44.10.51 . . . modulationP.5.44.10.62 . . . slopeP.5.44.10.69 . . . stanceP.5.44.10.76 . . . type stylesP.5.44.10.76.10 . . . . <type styles by >P.5.44.10.76.10.3 . . . . . asymmetric typeP.5.44.10.76.10.7 . . . . . three-dimensional typeP.5.44.10.76.20 . . . . <type styles by density >P.5.44.10.76.20.18 . . . . . compressedP.5.44.10.76.20.30 . . . . . condensedP.5.44.10.76.20.48 . . . . . expandedP.5.44.10.76.30 . . . . <type styles by inclination >P.5.44.10.76.30.13 . . . . . backslantedP.5.44.10.76.30.49 . . . . . obliqueP.5.44.10.76.30.49.5 . . . . . . machine italicsP.5.44.10.76.30.77 . . . . . uprightP.5.44.10.76.41 . . . . <type styles by weight >P.5.44.10.76.41.12 . . . . . blackP.5.44.10.76.41.21 . . . . . boldP.5.44.10.76.41.29 . . . . . book weightP.5.44.10.76.41.42 . . . . . extra boldP.5.44.10.76.41.55 . . . . . light
42
P.5.44.10.76.41.68 . . . . . regularP.5.44.10.76.41.78 . . . . . semiboldP.5.44.10.76.56 . . . . character stylesP.5.44.10.76.56.20 . . . . . inlineP.5.44.10.76.56.28 . . . . . italicsP.5.44.10.76.56.40 . . . . . outlineP.5.44.10.76.56.49 . . . . . overstrikeP.5.44.10.76.56.60 . . . . . reverseP.5.44.10.76.56.70 . . . . . shadowP.5.44.10.76.56.78 . . . . . shadow lettersP.5.44.10.84 . . . weightP.5.44.26 . . capitalizationP.5.44.26.28 . . . headline styleP.5.44.26.43 . . . inner capsP.5.44.26.70 . . . sentence-style capitalizationP.5.44.56 . . paragraph stylesP.5.44.76 . . tight ragP.5.64 . measuresP.5.64.10 . . <measures of other physical properties >P.5.64.10.4 . . . kappa numberP.5.64.10.6 . . . tear indexP.5.64.20 . . <measures of quality >P.5.64.20.5 . . . print qualityP.5.64.20.7 . . . utilityP.5.64.30 . . <measures of visible light >P.5.64.30.13 . . . brightnessP.5.64.30.26 . . . copy keyP.5.64.30.41 . . . gammaP.5.64.30.51 . . . gamutP.5.64.30.67 . . . luminosityP.5.64.41 . . <ratios >P.5.64.41.4 . . . golden sectionP.5.64.59 . . dimensionsP.5.64.59.10 . . . <absolute measurements >P.5.64.59.10.10 . . . . <point systems >P.5.64.59.10.10.3 . . . . . Anglo-American Point SystemP.5.64.59.10.10.5 . . . . . Didot Point SystemP.5.64.59.10.26 . . . . caliper (measure)P.5.64.59.10.39 . . . . column inchesP.5.64.59.10.77 . . . . trim (measure)P.5.64.59.10.77.26 . . . . . foot trimP.5.64.59.10.77.52 . . . . . head trimP.5.64.59.17 . . . <relative measurements >P.5.64.59.17.10 . . . . <type dimensions >P.5.64.59.17.10.10 . . . . . agateP.5.64.59.17.10.15 . . . . . alphabet lengthP.5.64.59.17.10.20 . . . . . cap heightP.5.64.59.17.10.25 . . . . . ciceroP.5.64.59.17.10.31 . . . . . emP.5.64.59.17.10.36 . . . . . enP.5.64.59.17.10.41 . . . . . escapementP.5.64.59.17.10.46 . . . . . font metricsP.5.64.59.17.10.54 . . . . . pica (type dimensions)P.5.64.59.17.10.59 . . . . . point
43
P.5.64.59.17.10.59.10 . . . . . . American pointP.5.64.59.17.10.59.20 . . . . . . Anglo-American pointP.5.64.59.17.10.59.30 . . . . . . Didot pointsP.5.64.59.17.10.59.41 . . . . . . PostScript pointP.5.64.59.17.10.59.72 . . . . . . printer’s pointP.5.64.59.17.10.65 . . . . . set widthP.5.64.59.17.10.70 . . . . . side-bearingP.5.64.59.17.10.76 . . . . . type measureP.5.64.59.17.10.80 . . . . . type sizeP.5.64.59.17.10.86 . . . . . x-heightP.5.64.59.17.21 . . . . agate lineP.5.64.59.17.35 . . . . characters per picaP.5.64.59.17.56 . . . . machine unitP.5.64.59.17.68 . . . . moduleP.5.64.59.26 . . . appearing sizeP.5.64.59.38 . . . dot gainP.5.64.59.46 . . . dots per inchP.5.64.59.61 . . . pixels per inchP.5.64.59.73 . . . text sizesP.5.64.59.73.3 . . . . composition sizeP.5.64.59.73.5 . . . . display sizeP.5.64.59.82 . . . type-heightP.5.81 . type effectsP.5.81.15 . . blurred typeP.5.81.32 . . degraded typeP.5.81.60 . . multicolored typeP.9 unsorted
45
S. Styles and Periods FacetS.3 <styles by period >S.3.10 . ancientS.3.15 . prehistoricS.3.20 . Pre-ColumbianS.3.30 . Stone AgeS.3.40 . Iron AgeS.3.50 . Bronze AgeS.3.60 . Dark AgesS.3.70 . RenaissanceS.3.70.3 . . French RenaissanceS.3.70.5 . . Italian RenaissanceS.3.80 . Middle AgesS.3.90 . ModernS.3.90.3 . . <nineteenth and twentieth century styles >S.3.90.3.10 . . . <early to mid nineteenth century styles >S.3.90.3.10.3 . . . . VictorianS.3.90.3.22 . . . <late nineteenth and early twentieth century styles >S.3.90.3.22.10 . . . . Art DecoS.3.90.3.22.12 . . . . Art NouveauS.3.90.3.22.15 . . . . Arts and Crafts MovementS.3.90.3.22.18 . . . . belle époqueS.3.90.3.22.21 . . . . CubistS.3.90.3.22.23 . . . . DadaS.3.90.3.22.26 . . . . De StijlS.3.90.3.22.29 . . . . ExpressionistS.3.90.3.22.32 . . . . FauvistS.3.90.3.22.37 . . . . fin de siècleS.3.90.3.22.39 . . . . fine press movementS.3.90.3.22.41 . . . . FuturistS.3.90.3.22.43 . . . . ImpressionistS.3.90.3.22.46 . . . . JugendstilS.3.90.3.22.48 . . . . ModernistS.3.90.3.22.51 . . . . NeoclassicalS.3.90.3.22.54 . . . . Neo-RomanticistS.3.90.3.22.57 . . . . PictorialistS.3.90.3.22.60 . . . . PlakatstilS.3.90.3.22.62 . . . . Post-ImpressionistS.3.90.3.22.65 . . . . PrimitivistS.3.90.3.22.68 . . . . Private Press MovementS.3.90.3.22.71 . . . . RealistS.3.90.3.22.73 . . . . RomanticistS.3.90.3.22.76 . . . . SymbolistS.3.90.3.22.79 . . . . Vienna SecessionS.3.90.3.22.82 . . . . VorticistS.3.90.3.34 . . . <mid– to late–twentieth century styles >S.3.90.3.34.10 . . . . Abstract ExpressionistS.3.90.3.34.14 . . . . BauhausS.3.90.3.34.18 . . . . Color-fieldS.3.90.3.34.23 . . . . ConstructivistS.3.90.3.34.27 . . . . International Typographic Style
46
S.3.90.3.34.32 . . . . Magic RealistS.3.90.3.34.36 . . . . New Typography movementS.3.90.3.34.41 . . . . Op artS.3.90.3.34.45 . . . . PhotorealistS.3.90.3.34.50 . . . . Pop ArtS.3.90.3.34.54 . . . . PostmodernS.3.90.3.34.58 . . . . PsychedelicS.3.90.3.34.63 . . . . PunkS.3.90.3.34.67 . . . . Russian ConstructivistS.3.90.3.34.72 . . . . Socialist RealistS.3.90.3.34.76 . . . . SurrealistS.3.90.5 . . <pre-nineteenth century styles >S.5 <styles by region >S.5.10 . <styles of Oceania and Australia >S.5.10.3 . . Australian aboriginalS.5.18 . <styles of the Americas >S.5.18.10 . . Central AmericanS.5.18.21 . . Latin AmericanS.5.18.32 . . North AmericanS.5.18.44 . . South AmericanS.5.27 . AfricanS.5.27.3 . . North AfricanS.5.27.5 . . Sub-Saharan AfricanS.5.35 . AsianS.5.35.3 . . Chinese (style)S.5.35.5 . . Japanese (style)S.5.35.5.3 . . . Ukiyo-eS.5.44 . EuropeanS.5.44.10 . . Dutch (style)S.5.44.19 . . English (style)S.5.44.28 . . French (style)S.5.44.38 . . German (style)S.5.44.47 . . Italian (style)S.5.44.56 . . Spanish (style)S.5.52 . MediterraneanS.5.61 . Near EasternS.5.61.3 . . Persian
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V. Visual Elements FacetV.10 <dimensional elements >V.10.15 . extra leadV.10.25 . negative leadingV.10.32 . negative letterspacingV.10.42 . sinkV.10.49 . spreadV.10.56 . textblockV.10.63 . text pageV.10.70 . type pageV.10.84 . whitespaceV.10.84.7 . . spaceV.10.84.3 . . <whitespace by dimensions >V.10.84.3.15 . . . em spaceV.10.84.3.23 . . . en spaceV.10.84.3.32 . . . figure spaceV.10.84.3.40 . . . hair spaceV.10.84.3.51 . . . mid spaceV.10.84.3.62 . . . quadV.10.84.3.73 . . . thick spaceV.10.84.3.81 . . . thin spaceV.10.84.5 . . <whitespace by function >V.10.84.5.13 . . . character spaceV.10.84.5.13.4 . . . . ditchesV.10.84.5.24 . . . flush spaceV.10.84.5.34 . . . indentsV.10.84.5.34.13 . . . . box indentsV.10.84.5.34.29 . . . . hanging indentsV.10.84.5.34.40 . . . . indent on pointV.10.84.5.34.54 . . . . paragraph indentsV.10.84.5.34.66 . . . . relative indentsV.10.84.5.34.76 . . . . running indentsV.10.84.5.43 . . . line spaceV.10.84.5.64 . . . space-afterV.10.84.5.72 . . . space-beforeV.10.84.5.83 . . . word spaceV.10.84.5.83.5 . . . . non-breaking spaceV.19 <nontextual elements >V.19.10 . <nontextual elements by form >V.19.10.14 . . dot leadersV.19.10.21 . . fiducial boxV.19.10.28 . . filigreeV.19.10.35 . . geometric figuresV.19.10.35.10 . . . <geometric plane figures >V.19.10.35.10.12 . . . . curvesV.19.10.35.10.12.3 . . . . . French curvesV.19.10.35.10.18 . . . . decagonsV.19.10.35.10.24 . . . . dodecagonsV.19.10.35.10.30 . . . . ellipsesV.19.10.35.10.30.3 . . . . . circlesV.19.10.35.10.38 . . . . hexagons
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V.19.10.35.10.44 . . . . hyperbolasV.19.10.35.10.52 . . . . octagonsV.19.10.35.10.58 . . . . ovalsV.19.10.35.10.63 . . . . parabolasV.19.10.35.10.69 . . . . pentagonsV.19.10.35.10.75 . . . . polygonsV.19.10.35.10.75.43 . . . . . quadrilateralsV.19.10.35.10.75.43.39 . . . . . . parallelogramsV.19.10.35.10.75.43.56 . . . . . . rectanglesV.19.10.35.10.75.43.56.7 . . . . . . . squaresV.19.10.35.10.75.43.69 . . . . . . rhombusesV.19.10.35.10.75.63 . . . . . trapezoidsV.19.10.35.10.75.75 . . . . . trianglesV.19.10.35.10.84 . . . . trapeziumsV.19.10.35.20 . . . <geometric solids >V.19.10.35.20.15 . . . . conesV.19.10.35.20.27 . . . . cylindersV.19.10.35.20.42 . . . . hemispheresV.19.10.35.20.61 . . . . polyhedraV.19.10.35.20.61.20 . . . . . cubesV.19.10.35.20.61.55 . . . . . pyramids (geometric figures)V.19.10.35.20.61.74 . . . . . tetrahedronsV.19.10.35.20.76 . . . . spheresV.19.10.35.46 . . . lines (geometry)V.19.10.35.61 . . . planes (geometry)V.19.10.35.76 . . . spiralsV.19.10.43 . . imagesV.19.10.43.15 . . . computer generated imagesV.19.10.43.26 . . . continuous-tone artV.19.10.43.42 . . . grayscale imagesV.19.10.43.63 . . . raster imagesV.19.10.43.77 . . . thumbnailsV.19.10.50 . . line artV.19.10.59 . . patternsV.19.10.68 . . rulesV.19.10.68.3 . . . <rules by form >V.19.10.68.3.15 . . . . dashed rulesV.19.10.68.3.24 . . . . double rulesV.19.10.68.3.24.3 . . . . . French rulesV.19.10.68.3.35 . . . . hairline rulesV.19.10.68.3.44 . . . . horizontal rulesV.19.10.68.3.62 . . . . straddle rulesV.19.10.68.3.71 . . . . tapered rulesV.19.10.68.3.81 . . . . vertical rulesV.19.10.68.5 . . . <rules by function >V.19.10.68.5.14 . . . . box rulesV.19.10.68.5.35 . . . . head rulesV.19.10.68.5.60 . . . . rule fillsV.19.10.68.5.75 . . . . tail rulesV.19.10.75 . . silhouettesV.19.10.83 . . vector drawingsV.19.21 . <nontextual elements by function >V.19.21.11 . . bluelinesV.19.21.17 . . callouts
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V.19.21.21 . . change marksV.19.21.21.3 . . . change barsV.19.21.24 . . decorative elementsV.19.21.24.13 . . . bevelsV.19.21.24.23 . . . bordersV.19.21.24.35 . . . cartouchesV.19.21.24.49 . . . drop-shadowsV.19.21.24.69 . . . ornamentsV.19.21.24.69.4 . . . . flourishesV.19.21.30 . . end marksV.19.21.37 . . galleriesV.19.21.44 . . illustrations (visual elements)V.19.21.44.4 . . . figures (illustrations)V.19.21.44.4.3 . . . . <figures by function >V.19.21.44.4.3.14 . . . . . chartsV.19.21.44.4.3.14.5 . . . . . . organizational chartsV.19.21.44.4.3.14.7 . . . . . . pie chartsV.19.21.44.4.3.27 . . . . . diagramsV.19.21.44.4.3.41 . . . . . flowchartsV.19.21.44.4.3.52 . . . . . graphsV.19.21.44.4.3.52.14 . . . . . . bar graphsV.19.21.44.4.3.52.45 . . . . . . line graphsV.19.21.44.4.3.52.69 . . . . . . scatter graphsV.19.21.44.4.3.67 . . . . . mathematical equationsV.19.21.44.6 . . . plates (pages)V.19.21.50 . . keysV.19.21.58 . . position printsV.19.21.64 . . printer’s marksV.19.21.70 . . proofmarksV.19.21.70.6 . . . printer’s queryV.19.21.78 . . tablesV.19.21.85 . . windows (visual elements)V.19.32 . <nontextual elements by position >V.19.32.15 . . centerpiecesV.19.32.28 . . cornerpiecesV.19.32.47 . . headpiecesV.19.32.75 . . tailpiecesV.19.44 . <parts of nontextual elements >V.19.44.10 . . Bézier curvesV.19.44.39 . . paths (computer graphics)V.19.44.50 . . pixelsV.19.44.65 . . splinesV.19.44.65.20 . . . cubic splinesV.19.44.65.49 . . . nurbsV.19.44.65.67 . . . quadratic splinesV.19.44.76 . . subpixelsV.28 <page elements >V.28.11 . bleedV.28.11.4 . . full-color bleedV.28.15 . blocksV.28.20 . body textV.28.25 . chapter titlesV.28.34 . knockoutsV.28.39 . marginalia
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V.28.39.5 . . marginal notesV.28.43 . mastheadsV.28.49 . page numbersV.28.49.12 . . blind foliosV.28.49.22 . . bouncing foliosV.28.49.35 . . drop foliosV.28.49.46 . . fixed foliosV.28.49.56 . . foot foliosV.28.49.77 . . side foliosV.28.55 . rectoV.28.60 . register marksV.28.60.4 . . crosshairsV.28.65 . running feetV.28.69 . running headsV.28.75 . thumb indexesV.28.80 . trim marksV.28.85 . versoV.38 <positional elements >V.38.10 . baseline gridsV.38.13 . bottom of textV.38.16 . bottom of type pageV.38.20 . boumaV.38.23 . bounding boxesV.38.26 . boxesV.38.29 . breaksV.38.32 . cellsV.38.32.7 . . straddle entriesV.38.36 . columnsV.38.36.7 . . stub columnsV.38.39 . copy blockV.38.42 . corner marksV.38.46 . exclusion zonesV.38.49 . gridsV.38.52 . grid systemsV.38.56 . hang linesV.38.59 . headlinesV.38.62 . hyphenation zonesV.38.65 . justification zonesV.38.69 . keylinesV.38.72 . marginsV.38.72.13 . . bottom marginsV.38.72.34 . . inside marginsV.38.72.49 . . outside marginsV.38.72.64 . . runaroundsV.38.72.78 . . top marginsV.38.77 . rowsV.38.80 . sidebarsV.38.87 . tab stopsV.47 <textual elements >V.47.10 . <character parts >V.47.10.10 . . apertureV.47.10.13 . . apexV.47.10.16 . . arm (character parts)V.47.10.20 . . bar (character parts)
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V.47.10.23 . . bowl (character parts)V.47.10.27 . . counterV.47.10.30 . . crossbarV.47.10.34 . . crotch (character parts)V.47.10.37 . . ear (character parts)V.47.10.41 . . extenderV.47.10.41.3 . . . ascenderV.47.10.41.5 . . . descenderV.47.10.44 . . filletV.47.10.48 . . ink trapV.47.10.52 . . kernV.47.10.55 . . link (character parts)V.47.10.58 . . loop (character parts)V.47.10.63 . . serifV.47.10.63.3 . . . <serif by form >V.47.10.63.3.10 . . . . abrupt serifV.47.10.63.3.16 . . . . beaked serifV.47.10.63.3.21 . . . . bilateral serifV.47.10.63.3.27 . . . . bracketed serifV.47.10.63.3.36 . . . . hairline serifV.47.10.63.3.45 . . . . reflexive serifV.47.10.63.3.51 . . . . scutulate serifV.47.10.63.3.57 . . . . slab serifV.47.10.63.3.62 . . . . slur serifV.47.10.63.3.68 . . . . transitive serifV.47.10.63.3.74 . . . . unbracketed serifV.47.10.63.3.79 . . . . unilateral serifV.47.10.63.3.85 . . . . wedge serifV.47.10.67 . . side bearingsV.47.10.70 . . spine (character parts)V.47.10.73 . . stemV.47.10.77 . . strokeV.47.10.80 . . tail (character parts)V.47.10.83 . . terminalV.47.10.83.13 . . . ball terminalV.47.10.83.24 . . . beak terminalV.47.10.83.45 . . . finial (character parts)V.47.10.83.75 . . . teardrop terminalV.47.10.87 . . vortexV.47.18 . <text line elements >V.47.18.12 . . ascender lineV.47.18.23 . . baselineV.47.18.34 . . cap lineV.47.18.48 . . descender lineV.47.18.67 . . mean lineV.47.27 . <textual elements by form >V.47.27.17 . . decorated initialsV.47.27.32 . . hanging charactersV.47.27.32.5 . . . hanging punctuationV.47.27.47 . . monogramsV.47.27.58 . . no-break textV.47.27.79 . . versalsV.47.27.79.4 . . . drop capsV.47.27.79.6 . . . elevated caps
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V.47.35 . <textual elements by function >V.47.35.11 . . bylinesV.47.35.15 . . captionsV.47.35.20 . . catchwordsV.47.35.26 . . display matterV.47.35.30 . . endnotesV.47.35.35 . . footnotesV.47.35.40 . . greekingV.47.35.45 . . headingsV.47.35.45.3 . . . <headings by form >V.47.35.45.3.14 . . . . crossheadsV.47.35.45.3.23 . . . . cut-in headsV.47.35.45.3.32 . . . . decked headsV.47.35.45.3.52 . . . . rubricsV.47.35.45.3.61 . . . . sideheadsV.47.35.45.3.70 . . . . stacked headsV.47.35.45.3.79 . . . . straddle headsV.47.35.45.5 . . . <headings by function >V.47.35.45.5.17 . . . . chapter headsV.47.35.45.5.30 . . . . column headsV.47.35.45.5.73 . . . . subheadsV.47.35.45.5.73.6 . . . . . run-insV.47.35.45.5.2 . . . . <headings by level >V.47.35.45.5.2.10 . . . . . A-headV.47.35.45.5.2.18 . . . . . B-headV.47.35.45.5.2.38 . . . . . C-headV.47.35.50 . . jump linesV.47.35.55 . . menus (software)V.47.35.55.60 . . . pop-up menusV.47.35.60 . . navigation barsV.47.35.56 . . paragraphsV.47.35.61 . . quotationsV.47.35.61.3 . . . block quotationsV.47.35.61.3.6 . . . . pull quotesV.47.35.66 . . reference marksV.47.35.71 . . ruby textV.47.35.75 . . runoversV.47.35.86 . . subtitlesV.47.35.87 . . surtitlesV.47.35.81 . . taglinesV.47.35.85 . . titlesV.47.35.85.6 . . . running titlesV.47.44 . <visual symbols >V.47.44.10 . . <visual symbol systems >V.47.44.15 . . achrophonic symbolsV.47.44.24 . . digraphsV.47.44.32 . . icons (interface elements)V.47.44.38 . . imprintsV.47.44.40 . . IsotypeV.47.44.50 . . letterformsV.47.44.50.11 . . . alternate charactersV.47.44.50.11.4 . . . . finials (characters)V.47.44.50.11.6 . . . . swash charactersV.47.44.50.34 . . . geometric letterforms
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V.47.44.50.55 . . . ornamented letterformsV.47.44.50.73 . . . small capsV.47.44.50.73.4 . . . . fake small capsV.47.44.56 . . ligaturesV.47.44.56.7 . . . tied lettersV.47.44.62 . . logogramsV.47.44.67 . . logosV.47.44.73 . . logotypesV.47.44.82 . . rebusV.47.64 . mark-up (printing)V.47.64.5 . . proof correction marksV.47.64.7 . . type mark-upV.47.81 . type (text)V.56 <visual artifacts >V.56.10 . aliasingV.56.21 . bandingV.56.28 . Moiré effectV.56.55 . posterizationV.56.65 . printing flawsV.56.65.12 . . broken typeV.56.65.24 . . doubling (printing flaws)V.56.65.33 . . dropouts (printing flaws)V.56.65.43 . . ghostingV.56.65.53 . . hickeys (printing flaws)V.56.65.69 . . scumming (printing flaws)V.56.65.78 . . slurring (printing flaws)V.56.80 . typographical artifactsV.56.80.13 . . bad breaksV.56.80.13.29 . . . hyphosV.56.80.13.50 . . . orphans (typesetting)V.56.80.13.78 . . . widows (typesetting)V.56.80.30 . . club linesV.56.80.69 . . rivers (typesetting)
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W. Created Works FacetW.10 <components of a created work >W.10.10 . addendaW.10.16 . chaptersW.10.16.6 . . run-on chaptersW.10.22 . colophonsW.10.27 . dedicationsW.10.33 . end matterW.10.33.12 . . appendixesW.10.33.25 . . bibliographiesW.10.33.46 . . glossariesW.10.33.60 . . indexesW.10.38 . errataW.10.43 . explicitsW.10.48 . flyleavesW.10.53 . front matterW.10.53.10 . . acknowledgmentsW.10.53.15 . . ad cardsW.10.53.21 . . bastard titlesW.10.53.25 . . Cataloging-in-Publication DataW.10.53.33 . . copyright pagesW.10.53.40 . . forewordW.10.53.46 . . frontispiecesW.10.53.51 . . half-titlesW.10.53.60 . . part titlesW.10.53.66 . . prefacesW.10.53.72 . . series titlesW.10.53.79 . . tables of contentsW.10.53.84 . . title pagesW.10.60 . incipitsW.10.65 . introductionsW.10.70 . jacket flap copyW.10.75 . main textW.10.83 . sectionsW.16 <created works by contents >W.16.10 . <calendars and schedules >W.16.10.3 . . calendarsW.16.10.3.6 . . . religious calendarsW.16.10.6 . . schedulesW.16.10.6.7 . . . transportation schedulesW.16.10.6.7.3 . . . . bus schedulesW.16.10.6.7.6 . . . . railroad schedulesW.16.14 . <musical and theatrical works >W.16.14.33 . . librettosW.16.14.58 . . sheet musicW.16.14.71 . . songbooksW.16.18 . abstractsW.16.23 . anthologiesW.16.27 . bestiariesW.16.32 . book reviewsW.16.37 . comics
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W.16.43 . graphic novelsW.16.47 . illustrated magazinesW.16.52 . instructional guidesW.16.56 . interlinear textsW.16.61 . multilingual textsW.16.66 . parallel textsW.16.71 . price listsW.16.76 . recipesW.16.80 . scoresW.16.85 . style manualsW.23 <created works by form >W.23.10 . artworkW.23.12 . bannersW.23.15 . billboardsW.23.17 . bookletsW.23.19 . booksW.23.19.10 . . <books by content >W.23.19.10.10 . . . abecedariesW.23.19.10.29 . . . children’s booksW.23.19.10.29.6 . . . . picture booksW.23.19.10.54 . . . illustrated booksW.23.19.20 . . <books by form >W.23.19.20.10 . . . albumsW.23.19.20.24 . . . flip booksW.23.19.20.33 . . . hardcover booksW.23.19.20.43 . . . large print booksW.23.19.20.51 . . . looseleaf booksW.23.19.20.59 . . . miniature booksW.23.19.20.68 . . . paperbacksW.23.19.20.68.7 . . . . trade paperbacksW.23.19.20.81 . . . three-dimensional booksW.23.19.20.81.4 . . . . foldout booksW.23.19.30 . . <books by function >W.23.19.30.10 . . . appointment booksW.23.19.30.16 . . . artists’ booksW.23.19.30.22 . . . commonplace booksW.23.19.30.28 . . . cookbooksW.23.19.30.35 . . . gift booksW.23.19.30.41 . . . guidebooksW.23.19.30.48 . . . livres d’artistesW.23.19.30.56 . . . readers (books)W.23.19.30.61 . . . reference booksW.23.19.30.67 . . . sample booksW.23.19.30.73 . . . textbooksW.23.19.30.73.6 . . . . programmed textbooksW.23.19.30.79 . . . trade booksW.23.19.30.85 . . . workbooksW.23.19.41 . . <books by production process >W.23.19.41.15 . . . block booksW.23.19.41.29 . . . chapbooksW.23.19.41.54 . . . incunabulaW.23.19.51 . . <books by social context >W.23.19.51.6 . . . rare booksW.23.22 . broadsides
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W.23.24 . cardsW.23.24.10 . . advertising cardsW.23.24.26 . . business cardsW.23.24.46 . . greeting cardsW.23.24.46.18 . . . Christmas cardsW.23.24.46.81 . . . valentinesW.23.24.76 . . trade cardsW.23.26 . cartoonsW.23.29 . clothesW.23.29.3 . . T-shirtsW.23.31 . collageW.23.34 . exhibitsW.23.37 . film titlesW.23.39 . handbillsW.23.42 . inscriptionsW.23.42.24 . . epigraphsW.23.42.36 . . epitaphsW.23.42.51 . . graffitiW.23.44 . installationsW.23.44.5 . . kiosksW.23.47 . matchbooksW.23.49 . motion picturesW.23.52 . multimediaW.23.54 . packagesW.23.56 . palimpsestsW.23.59 . pamphletsW.23.61 . photographsW.23.61.7 . . slidesW.23.64 . photomontageW.23.66 . pictorialsW.23.68 . postersW.23.68.41 . . political postersW.23.68.54 . . propaganda postersW.23.68.78 . . war postersW.23.71 . presentationsW.23.73 . printsW.23.73.3 . . <prints by process >W.23.73.3.16 . . . collagraphsW.23.73.3.38 . . . intaglio printsW.23.73.3.38.4 . . . . engravings (prints)W.23.73.3.38.4.5 . . . . . mezzotintsW.23.73.3.38.6 . . . . etchings (prints)W.23.73.3.38.6.3 . . . . . aquatintsW.23.73.3.57 . . . planographic printsW.23.73.3.57.5 . . . . lithographsW.23.73.3.57.5.17 . . . . . chromolithographsW.23.73.3.57.5.52 . . . . . photolithographsW.23.73.3.57.5.78 . . . . . zincographsW.23.73.3.71 . . . relief printsW.23.73.3.71.7 . . . . woodcutsW.23.75 . record coversW.23.78 . scrollsW.23.78.4 . . emakimonoW.23.78.6 . . kakemono
58
W.23.80 . shopping bagsW.23.83 . signsW.23.83.21 . . directional signsW.23.83.54 . . protest signsW.23.83.75 . . traffic signsW.23.85 . stickersW.23.85.3 . . bumper stickersW.23.88 . Web sitesW.23.88.14 . . blogsW.23.88.21 . . Web directoriesW.23.88.32 . . Web pagesW.23.88.32.5 . . . home pagesW.23.88.79 . . wikisW.29 <created works by function >W.29.10 . <cartographic works >W.29.10.3 . . atlasesW.29.10.5 . . mapsW.29.10.5.42 . . . topographic mapsW.29.10.5.53 . . . tourist mapsW.29.10.5.65 . . . transportation mapsW.29.10.5.65.14 . . . . bus route mapsW.29.10.5.65.48 . . . . railroad mapsW.29.10.5.65.60 . . . . road mapsW.29.10.5.65.75 . . . . subway mapsW.29.10.5.78 . . . weather mapsW.29.14 . <communicative works >W.29.14.10 . . advertisementsW.29.14.10.3 . . . commercialsW.29.14.10.5 . . . display advertisementsW.29.14.12 . . annotated editionsW.29.14.15 . . announcementsW.29.14.15.14 . . . business announcementsW.29.14.15.26 . . . business reportsW.29.14.15.26.3 . . . . annual reportsW.29.14.15.51 . . . legal noticesW.29.14.15.68 . . . playbillsW.29.14.18 . . catalogsW.29.14.18.11 . . . auction catalogsW.29.14.18.19 . . . booksellers’ catalogsW.29.14.18.26 . . . catalogue raisonnéW.29.14.18.36 . . . exhibition catalogsW.29.14.18.47 . . . mail order catalogsW.29.14.18.55 . . . museum catalogsW.29.14.18.65 . . . publishers’ catalogsW.29.14.18.73 . . . sale catalogsW.29.14.18.82 . . . type specimen catalogsW.29.14.21 . . correspondenceW.29.14.21.13 . . . business lettersW.29.14.21.24 . . . commercial correspondenceW.29.14.21.35 . . . e-mailW.29.14.21.46 . . . form lettersW.29.14.21.60 . . . legal correspondenceW.29.14.21.69 . . . letters (correspondence)W.29.14.24 . . dictionaries
59
W.29.14.24.4 . . . gazetteersW.29.14.24.6 . . . picture dictionariesW.29.14.27 . . directoriesW.29.14.29 . . encyclopediasW.29.14.32 . . grant proposalsW.29.14.35 . . handbooksW.29.14.38 . . hypertextW.29.14.41 . . invitationsW.29.14.41.7 . . . wedding invitationsW.29.14.44 . . labelsW.29.14.44.3 . . . bookplatesW.29.14.46 . . letterheadW.29.14.49 . . manualsW.29.14.49.19 . . . do-it-yourself manualsW.29.14.49.45 . . . personnel manualsW.29.14.49.64 . . . technical manualsW.29.14.49.78 . . . user manualsW.29.14.52 . . memorandaW.29.14.54 . . menus (dining)W.29.14.54.7 . . . wine listsW.29.14.57 . . monographsW.29.14.60 . . newslettersW.29.14.63 . . pressbooksW.29.14.66 . . press kitsW.29.14.68 . . press releasesW.29.14.71 . . propagandaW.29.14.73 . . proposalsW.29.14.76 . . prospectusesW.29.14.79 . . questionnairesW.29.14.82 . . scholarly editionsW.29.14.84 . . stationeryW.29.14.87 . . theater programsW.29.18 . <documentary works >W.29.18.32 . . keepsakes (books)W.29.18.50 . . official documentsW.29.18.50.17 . . . certificatesW.29.18.50.32 . . . decreesW.29.18.50.63 . . . passportsW.29.18.75 . . transcriptsW.29.22 . <genealogical works >W.29.22.25 . . family treesW.29.22.38 . . genogramsW.29.22.63 . . pedigreesW.29.26 . <religious works >W.29.26.12 . . catechismsW.29.26.19 . . christening booksW.29.26.29 . . hagiographiesW.29.26.36 . . hymnalsW.29.26.44 . . liturgical manuscriptsW.29.26.50 . . liturgical worksW.29.26.59 . . pilgrimage handbooksW.29.26.68 . . sacred textsW.29.26.68.3 . . . <specific sacred texts >W.29.26.68.3.10 . . . . Bhagavad-Gita
60
W.29.26.68.3.21 . . . . BibleW.29.26.68.3.32 . . . . Qur’anW.29.26.68.3.44 . . . . TorahW.29.26.75 . . sermonsW.29.26.83 . . tracts (documents)W.29.30 . <works of entertainment >W.29.30.4 . . gamesW.29.30.4.3 . . . board gamesW.29.30.4.7 . . . video gamesW.29.34 . <works of exchange >W.29.34.5 . . moneyW.29.34.5.3 . . . bills (currency)W.29.34.5.5 . . . coinsW.29.34.7 . . postage stampsW.29.38 . almanacsW.29.42 . artworksW.29.47 . clip artW.29.51 . commentariesW.29.56 . corrigendaW.29.61 . field guidesW.29.65 . finding aidsW.29.65.3 . . archival catalogsW.29.65.5 . . archival guidesW.29.69 . hornbooksW.29.75 . packagingW.29.75.6 . . primersW.29.81 . sales guidesW.29.86 . travel guidebooksW.36 <created works by genre >W.36.11 . comediesW.36.17 . essaysW.36.21 . fablesW.36.25 . fairy talesW.36.30 . folk talesW.36.35 . historiesW.36.40 . lecturesW.36.44 . legends (stories)W.36.48 . literary worksW.36.48.25 . . fictionW.36.48.25.36 . . . mysteriesW.36.48.25.57 . . . romance novelsW.36.48.25.70 . . . science fictionW.36.48.49 . . nonfictionW.36.48.49.3 . . . biographiesW.36.48.49.3.3 . . . . autobiographiesW.36.48.49.7 . . . traveloguesW.36.48.65 . . poetryW.36.48.65.3 . . . concrete poetryW.36.53 . memoirsW.36.57 . novelsW.36.62 . nursery rhymesW.36.66 . parablesW.36.71 . proverbsW.36.76 . screenplays
61
W.36.80 . scripts (created works)W.36.80.5 . . playscriptsW.36.80.7 . . telescriptsW.36.85 . short storiesW.42 <created works by means of production >W.42.5 . manuscripts (handwritten works)W.42.5.5 . . illuminated manuscriptsW.42.7 . typescriptsW.49 <created works by publication >W.49.6 . periodicalsW.49.6.32 . . journalsW.49.6.46 . . magazinesW.49.6.61 . . newspapersW.55 <created works by social context >W.55.4 . forgeriesW.55.6 . manifestoesW.62 <created works by stage of production >W.62.10 . alterationsW.62.10.11 . . author’s alterationsW.62.10.23 . . designer’s alterationsW.62.10.33 . . editor’s alterationsW.62.10.44 . . house alterationsW.62.10.59 . . printer’s errorsW.62.10.71 . . strip-in correctionsW.62.10.81 . . typosW.62.14 . camera-ready copyW.62.17 . clean copyW.62.20 . compsW.62.23 . copyW.62.27 . dead copyW.62.29 . design drawingsW.62.32 . draftsW.62.34 . dummiesW.62.40 . idiot filesW.62.42 . layouts (works)W.62.44 . live matterW.62.47 . manuscripts (unedited works)W.62.50 . master proofsW.62.53 . mechanicalsW.62.57 . one-up proofsW.62.60 . penalty copyW.62.64 . plain-paper proofsW.62.67 . proofsW.62.67.11 . . boards (typesetting)W.62.67.19 . . color proofsW.62.67.28 . . first proofsW.62.67.30 . . foul copyW.62.67.35 . . galley proofsW.62.67.42 . . high-resolution proofsW.62.67.52 . . page proofsW.62.67.61 . . remarque proofsW.62.67.67 . . revised proofsW.62.67.74 . . second revised proofsW.62.67.81 . . soft proofs
62
W.62.70 . remakeW.62.73 . reproW.62.77 . sample pagesW.62.80 . tearsheetsW.62.84 . tissuesW.62.87 . two-up proofsW.69 <specific created works >W.69.10 . Book of KellsW.69.22 . Gutenberg BibleW.69.34 . Trajan ColumnW.99 unsorted
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 63
Alphabetic listingA-head
CL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 2. 10BT <headings by level >
AAUSE author’s alterations
abecedariaUSE abecedaries
abecedariesCL W. 23. 19. 10. 10UF alphabet books
abecedariaabecedarium
BT <books by content >abecedarium
USE abecedariesabjads
CL C. 44. 83. 44. 3BT <consonantal writing
systems >abrupt serif
CL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 10BT <serif by form >
absolute colorimetric render-ing
CL A. 44. 51. 10. 42. 10BT color rendering
Abstract ExpressionistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 10BT <mid– to late–twentieth
century styles >abstracts
CL W. 16. 18BT <created works by con-
tents >abugidas
CL C. 44. 83. 44. 5UF alphasyllabaries
syllabicsBT <consonantal writing
systems >
ACUSE author’s alterations
accent marksCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10SN Modifying graphemes
used only in combi-nation with charac-ters
UF accentsdiacritics
BT combining charactersNT <specific accent marks >
accentsUSE accent marks
accordion foldsCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 10. 10UF fan foldBT <paper folds >
accountantsCL E. 3. 3. 10BT <people by occupation >RT accounting
accountingCL A. 10. 10. 5. 10UF accountsBT financial practicesNT bookkeepingRT accountants
accountsUSE accounting
accounts payableCL P. 3. 10. 10. 57. 3BT liabilities
accounts receivableCL P. 3. 10. 10. 13. 3BT assets
acetateCL O. 3. 3. 73. 10BT surfaces
achrophonic symbolsCL V. 47. 44. 15BT <visual symbols >
acid-free paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 10BT <paper types by form >
acknowledgmentsCL W. 10. 53. 10BT front matter
acrylic paintsCL O. 5. 63. 10BT paints
acute accentCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 10BT <specific accent marks >
ad cardsCL W. 10. 53. 15BT front matter
addendaCL W. 10. 10UF addendumBT <components of a created
work >addendum
USE addendaadditive color synthesis
CL P. 5. 27. 3. 65. 3BT color synthesis
adnate serifUSE bracketed serif
Adobe PhotoshopUSE Photoshop (software)
Adobe RGBCL P. 5. 27. 3. 56. 10BT color spaces
64 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
adsUSE advertisements
advancementUSE promotion
advertisementsCL W. 29. 14. 10UF adsBT <communicative works >NT commercials
display advertisementsRT billboards
advertisingadvertising designadvertising agenciesadvertising cards
advertisingCL A. 21. 75. 26. 10BT communications (disci-
pline)NT advertising campaignsRT advertisements
advertising agenciesadvertising designdisplay advertisements
advertising agenciesCL E. 5. 28. 10. 10BT <businesses by function >RT advertising
advertisementsadvertising campaigns
CL A. 21. 75. 26. 10. 3BT advertising
advertising cardsCL W. 23. 24. 10BT cardsRT advertisements
advertising designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 10BT designRT advertising
advertisementsdisplay advertisements
aestheticsUSE esthetics
AfricanCL S. 5. 27BT <styles by region >NT North African
Sub-Saharan African
African languagesCL C. 79. 3. 5. 10BT <specific language
groups >agate
CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 10BT <type dimensions >
agate lineCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 21BT <relative measurements >
ainUSE ayin
airbrushCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 10BT <marking instruments >
Akzidenz Grotesk typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 43. 3BT grotesque typefaces
albumsCL W. 23. 19. 20. 10BT <books by form >
Aldine typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 10SN Old-style typefaces
based on designs byAldus Manutius
BT <typefaces by style >algorithms
CL P. 3. 34. 3BT <mathematical concepts >NT fractals
aliasingCL V. 56. 10UF jaggiesBT <visual artifacts >
alignmentCL P. 5. 35. 20BT <properties of layout >NT base alignment
decimal alignmentskew
almanacsCL W. 29. 38BT <created works by func-
tion >alpha blending
USE alpha compositingalpha compositing
CL A. 44. 51. 10. 10. 11UF alpha blending
BT <digital rendering proc-esses >
alphabet booksUSE abecedaries
alphabet lengthCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 15BT <type dimensions >
alphabetic charactersUSE letters (characters)
alphabetic sortingUSE collation
alphabetic writing systemsUSE alphabets
alphabetsCL C. 44. 83. 33UF alphabetic writing sys-
temsBT writing systems
alphanumeric charactersCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11SN Characters with a
place in a conven-tional sequence ofelements in a writingsystem
BT <characters by function >NT letters (characters)
numeralsalphasyllabaries
USE abugidasalterations
CL W. 62. 10BT <created works by stage of
production >NT author’s alterations
designer’s alterationseditor’s alterationshouse alterationsprinter’s errorsstrip-in correctionstypos
RT proofmarksalternate characters
CL V. 47. 44. 50. 11BT letterformsNT finials (characters)
swash characters
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 65
alternate fontsUSE expert fonts
American Association of Artsand Industries
CL E. 5. 13. 5. 3BT <specific associations >
American pointCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 59. 10BT point
American Standard Code forInformation Interchange
USE ASCIIamortization
CL A. 10. 10. 5. 17BT financial practices
ampersandCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 10BT <specific punctuation
characters >analphabetic characters
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22SN All characters without a
place in a conven-tional sequence ofelements in a writingsystem
BT <characters by function >NT currency symbols
pi charactersprinter’s ornamentspunctuationsymbols (characters)
ancientCL S. 3. 10BT <styles by period >
angle bracketsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 13BT <specific punctuation
characters >Anglo-American point
CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 59. 20BT point
Anglo-American Point SystemCL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 10. 3BT <point systems >
animated typeCL C. 44. 74. 44. 10BT <typefaces by visual
form >
animationCL A. 44. 51. 10. 29BT <imaging processes >
annotated editionsCL W. 29. 14. 12BT <communicative works >
announcementsCL W. 29. 14. 15BT <communicative works >NT business announce-
mentsbusiness reportslegal noticesplaybills
annual reportsCL W. 29. 14. 15. 26. 3BT business reports
anthologiesCL W. 16. 23BT <created works by con-
tents >anthropology
CL A. 21. 75. 10BT social sciences
anti-aliasingCL A. 44. 51. 10. 10. 23UF font smoothingBT <digital rendering proc-
esses >antique paper
CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 14BT <paper types by form >
antique typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 12BT <typefaces by style >
antique wove paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 86. 3BT wove paper
apertureCL V. 47. 10. 10BT <character parts >
apexCL V. 47. 10. 13BT <character parts >
APIUSE application program-
ming interfacesapostrophe
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 17BT <specific punctuation
characters >appearing size
CL P. 5. 64. 59. 26SN perceived difference in
size between lettersfrom different type-faces but same pointsize
BT dimensionsappendices
USE appendixesappendixes
CL W. 10. 33. 12UF appendicesBT end matter
ApplescriptCL C. 32. 3. 60. 10BT programming lan-
guagesapplication programming in-terfaces
CL C. 10. 11UF APIBT <communication inter-
faces and protocols >appointment books
CL W. 23. 19. 30. 10BT <books by function >
aquatintsCL W. 23. 73. 3. 38. 6. 3BT etchings (prints)
Arabic calligraphyCL C. 44. 40. 5. 14. 10BT calligraphy
Arabic digitsUSE Arabic-Indic digits
Arabic numeralsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22UF European numeralsBT numeralsNT <numerals by form and
function >fractions
66 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
Arabic scriptCL C. 44. 90. 100BT <specific writing sys-
tems >Arabic-Indic digits
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 10SN Numerals used in mod-
ern Arabic and Indicscripts
UF Indic numeralsArabic digits
BT numeralsAramaic script
CL C. 44. 90. 112BT <specific writing sys-
tems >archaeology
USE archeologyarcheology
CL A. 21. 75. 17UF archaeologyBT social sciences
archival catalogsCL W. 29. 65. 3BT finding aids
archival guidesCL W. 29. 65. 5BT finding aids
arm (character parts)CL V. 47. 10. 16BT <character parts >
Armenian alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 125BT <specific writing sys-
tems >Art Deco
CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 10BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
art directorsCL E. 3. 3. 15BT <people by occupation >
art historyCL A. 21. 32. 32. 12BT history
Art NouveauCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 12BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
art paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 5. 13BT <paper types by function >
art schoolsCL L. 60. 34. 13BT <schools by subject >
artists’ booksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 16BT <books by function >
artsCL A. 21. 32. 12UF creative artsBT humanitiesNT performing arts
visual artsArts and Crafts Movement
CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 15BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
artworkCL W. 23. 10UF finished artworkBT <created works by form >
artworksCL W. 29. 42BT <created works by func-
tion >ascender
CL V. 47. 10. 41. 3BT extender
ascender lineCL V. 47. 18. 12BT <text line elements >
ASCIICL C. 44. 20. 3. 10UF American Standard
Code for Informa-tion Interchange
BT <specific character sets >ash
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 10BT <specific letters >
AsianCL S. 5. 35BT <styles by region >NT Chinese (style)
Japanese (style)
AsomtavruliCL C. 44. 90. 137BT <specific writing sys-
tems >assets
CL P. 3. 10. 10. 13BT <financial balance meas-
ures >NT accounts receivable
associationsCL E. 5. 13UF societiesBT organizationsNT <associations by func-
tion ><specific associations >
asteriskCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 20BT <specific punctuation
characters >asymmetric type
CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 10. 3BT <type styles by >
at signCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 23BT <specific punctuation
characters >atlases
CL W. 29. 10. 3BT <cartographic works >
ATypI classificationCL C. 44. 74. 72. 10BT typeface classifications
auction catalogsCL W. 29. 14. 18. 11BT catalogs
auction salesUSE auctions
auctionsCL A. 32. 24UF auction salesBT <events >
Australian aboriginalCL S. 5. 10. 3BT <styles of Oceania and
Australia >author’s alterations
CL W. 62. 10. 11UF AA
author’s correctionsAC
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 67
author’s marksBT alterations
author’s correctionsUSE author’s alterations
author’s marksUSE author’s alterations
autobiographiesCL W. 36. 48. 49. 3. 3BT biographies
automatic kerningCL P. 5. 35. 10. 30. 4. 3BT kerning
avant-garde typographyCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35. 77.
3. 3BT <typography by style >
Avestan alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 150BT <specific writing sys-
tems >axis
CL P. 5. 44. 10. 11BT <properties of typefaces >RT typefaces
ayinCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 15SN Character in the trans-
literation of Arabicand Hebrew
UF ainayn
BT <specific letters >ayn
USE ayinAztec glyphs
CL C. 44. 90. 162BT <specific writing sys-
tems >B-head
CL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 2. 18BT <headings by level >
back marginsUSE inside margins
back matterUSE end matter
backmatterUSE end matter
backslantedCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 30. 13BT <type styles by inclina-
tion >backslash
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 86.13
BT slashbad breaks
CL V. 56. 80. 13BT typographical artifactsNT hyphos
orphans (typesetting)widows (typesetting)
RT breaksbad copy
USE penalty copybalance sheets
CL A. 10. 10. 5. 54. 14BT financial reports
ball terminalCL V. 47. 10. 83. 13BT terminal
bandingCL V. 56. 21BT <visual artifacts >
bank paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 19BT <paper types by form >
bannersCL W. 23. 12BT <created works by form >
bar (character parts)CL V. 47. 10. 20SN A horizontal stroke
connecting parts of acharacter
BT <character parts >bar charts
USE bar graphsbar graphs
CL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 52. 14UF bar chartsBT graphs
bareiaCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 12BT <specific accent marks >
bark paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 23BT <paper types by form >
barred ellCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 21UF slashed ellBT <specific letters >
barred ohCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 26UF slashed ohBT <specific letters >
base alignmentCL P. 5. 35. 20. 14BT alignmentRT baseline
baselineCL V. 47. 18. 23BT <text line elements >RT base alignment
baseline gridsCL V. 38. 10BT <positional elements >
baseline skipUSE leading
Bassa alphabetUSE Vah
bastard titlesCL W. 10. 53. 21UF false titles
first half-titlesBT front matter
bastardaCL C. 44. 74. 35. 15. 13BT blackletter
BauhausCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 14BT <mid– to late–twentieth
century styles >beak terminal
CL V. 47. 10. 83. 24BT terminal
beaked serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 16BT <serif by form >
beard (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 11BT <parts of a unit of type >
68 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
belle époqueCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 18BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
benchmarkingCL A. 10. 44. 10SN Measuring the charac-
teristics of devicessuch as scanners
BT <production activities >bestiaries
CL W. 16. 27BT <created works by con-
tents >bevels
CL V. 19. 21. 24. 13BT decorative elements
Bhagavad-GitaCL W. 29. 26. 68. 3. 10BT <specific sacred texts >
biasCL P. 5. 44. 10. 18UF stressBT <properties of typefaces >RT typefaces
BibleCL W. 29. 26. 68. 3. 21BT <specific sacred texts >RT Gutenberg Bible
biblio styleUSE hanging indents
bibliographic databasesCL C. 21. 20. 14BT databases
bibliographiesCL W. 10. 33. 25UF reference lists
lists of referencesBT end matter
bicameral alphabetsUSE bicameral writing sys-
temsbicameral writing systems
CL C. 44. 83. 17. 3SN Writing systems con-
sisting of two casesUF bicameral alphabetsBT <writing systems by case
distinction >
biddingCL A. 10. 10. 3. 11BT business practices
BIDIUSE bidirectional (writing
direction)bidirectional (writing direc-tion)
CL P. 5. 35. 10. 84. 13UF BIDIBT writing direction
Big5 (character set encoding)CL C. 44. 20. 3. 16BT <specific character sets >
bilateral serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 21BT <serif by form >
bilingual textsUSE multilingual texts
billboardsCL W. 23. 15BT <created works by form >RT advertisements
billingCL A. 10. 10. 5. 24UF billsBT financial practicesRT prices
billsUSE billing
bills (currency)CL W. 29. 34. 5. 3BT money
binding (objects)CL O. 3. 5. 21. 11BT <parts of a book >NT <bindings by form >RT binding (production
process)binding (production process)
CL A. 44. 51. 35. 13UF bookbindingBT finishing (production
process)NT hand bookbindingRT binding (objects)
biographiesCL W. 36. 48. 49. 3BT nonfictionNT autobiographies
bitmap fontsCL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 3. 3UF bitmapped fonts
screen fontsBT <digital fonts by form >
bitmapped fontsUSE bitmap fonts
blackCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 12BT <type styles by weight >
black and white printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.
10. 14UF monochrome printersBT <printers by chromatic-
ity >blackletter
CL C. 44. 74. 35. 15UF Old English typefacesBT <typefaces by style >NT bastarda
Frakturrotundatextura
bleedCL V. 28. 11BT <page elements >NT full-color bleed
blind embossingCL A. 44. 51. 35. 32. 3BT embossing
blind foliosCL V. 28. 49. 12BT page numbers
block booksCL W. 23. 19. 41. 15BT <books by production
process >block printing
CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 11BT <printing methods >
block printing (handwriting)CL C. 44. 40. 5. 69. 3BT printing (handwriting)
block quotationsCL V. 47. 35. 61. 3UF extracts
blockquotesBT quotationsNT pull quotes
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 69
block typeCL O. 3. 5. 77. 22. 14BT <type by form >
blockquotesUSE block quotations
blocksCL V. 28. 15BT <page elements >
blogsCL W. 23. 88. 14BT Web sites
bluelinesCL V. 19. 21. 11SN A proof of a graphic
element sometimesused as a positionprint
UF brownlinescyanotypesloose bluessilverprints
BT <nontextual elements byfunction >
blurbUSE jacket flap copy
blurred typeCL P. 5. 81. 15BT type effects
board gamesCL W. 29. 30. 4. 3BT games
boards (typesetting)CL W. 62. 67. 11SN Correct galley proofs
pasted onto heavystock
BT proofsRT pasteup
body copyUSE body text
body matterUSE body text
body sizeUSE type size
body textCL V. 28. 20UF body matter
body copyrunning text
BT <page elements >RT text fonts
composition sizebody type
USE text fontsbold
CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 21UF boldface
bold faceBT <type styles by weight >
bold faceUSE bold
boldfaceUSE bold
bond paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 27BT <paper types by form >
book auctionsCL A. 10. 56. 3. 3. 3BT book trade
book clubsCL E. 5. 13. 3. 12BT <associations by func-
tion >book collectors
CL E. 3. 3. 20BT <people by occupation >
book coverUSE cover
book designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 21BT designRT books
book facesUSE text fonts
book illustrationCL A. 10. 27. 39. 15BT illustration (activity)
book jacketCL O. 3. 5. 21. 24UF dust jackets
jacketsBT <parts of a book >RT jacket flap copy
Book of KellsCL W. 69. 10BT <specific created works >
book platesUSE bookplates
book reviewsCL W. 16. 32BT <created works by con-
tents >book trade
CL A. 10. 56. 3. 3UF booksellersBT <specific industries >NT book auctions
book weightCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 29BT <type styles by weight >
bookbindersCL E. 5. 28. 10. 19BT <businesses by function >
bookbindingUSE binding (production
process)bookkeeping
CL A. 10. 10. 5. 10. 3BT accounting
bookletsCL W. 23. 17BT <created works by form >
bookplatesCL W. 29. 14. 44. 3UF book platesBT labels
booksCL W. 23. 19UF codex
codicesBT <created works by form >NT <books by content >
<books by form ><books by function ><books by production
process ><books by social context >
RT book designbooksellers
USE book tradebooksellers’ catalogs
CL W. 29. 14. 18. 19BT catalogs
bopomofoCL C. 49. 80. 15BT transliteration
70 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
border designsUSE borders
bordersCL V. 19. 21. 24. 23UF border designsBT decorative elements
bottom marginsCL V. 38. 72. 13UF tail margins
foot marginsBT margins
bottom of textCL V. 38. 13BT <positional elements >
bottom of type pageCL V. 38. 16BT <positional elements >
boumaCL V. 38. 20BT <positional elements >
bouncing foliosCL V. 28. 49. 22BT page numbers
bounding boxesCL V. 38. 23BT <positional elements >
boustrophedonCL P. 5. 35. 10. 84. 23BT writing direction
bowl (character parts)CL V. 47. 10. 23UF eye (type)BT <character parts >
box indentsCL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 13BT indents
box rulesCL V. 19. 10. 68. 5. 14BT <rules by function >
boxesCL V. 38. 26BT <positional elements >
bracesCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 27UF curly braces
curly bracketsBT <specific punctuation
characters >
bracketed serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 27UF adnate serifBT <serif by form >
bracketsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 31BT <specific punctuation
characters >Braille alphabet
CL C. 44. 74. 27. 10UF Braille typeBT <typefaces by function >
Braille typeUSE Braille alphabet
brandingUSE brands
brandsCL C. 38. 8. 3UF brandingBT visual identity
breaksCL V. 38. 29BT <positional elements >
breathing marksCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 24UF spiritusBT <specific accent marks >NT daseia
psilibreve
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 14BT <specific accent marks >
breve (scansion mark)CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 49. 15BT <specific scansion marks >
brightnessCL P. 5. 64. 30. 13BT <measures of visible
light >British Standards for TypeClassification
CL C. 44. 74. 72. 20BT typeface classifications
broadcast mediaCL C. 15. 13BT <communication media >RT broadcasting
broadcastingCL A. 21. 75. 26. 27BT communications (disci-
pline)RT broadcast media
broadsheetsUSE broadsides
broadsidesCL W. 23. 22UF broadsheetsBT <created works by form >
broken typeCL V. 56. 65. 12UF cut typeBT printing flaws
Bronze AgeCL S. 3. 50BT <styles by period >
brownlinesUSE bluelines
brush scriptsUSE brush typefaces
brush typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 17UF brush scriptsBT <typefaces by style >
brushesCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 17BT <marking instruments >
bubblejet printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.
34. 13BT <printers by method >
budgetingCL A. 10. 10. 5. 48. 3BT financial planning
buffered paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 32BT <paper types by form >
bulletCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 34BT <specific punctuation
characters >bumper stickers
CL W. 23. 85. 3BT stickers
bus route mapsCL W. 29. 10. 5. 65. 14BT transportation maps
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 71
bus schedulesCL W. 16. 10. 6. 7. 3BT transportation sched-
ulesbusiness
USE economicsbusiness announcements
CL W. 29. 14. 15. 14BT announcements
business cardsCL W. 23. 24. 26BT cards
business lettersCL W. 29. 14. 21. 13BT correspondence
business managersCL E. 3. 3. 25BT <people by occupation >RT businesses
business plansCL A. 10. 10. 3. 17BT business practices
business practicesCL A. 10. 10. 3BT <business and economic
activities >NT bidding
business planscommissionsprice estimatesdecision makingmarketingnegotiationsproject managementreferralsretailsales
business reportsCL W. 29. 14. 15. 26BT announcementsNT annual reports
business schoolsCL L. 60. 34. 28BT <schools by subject >
business venturesCL E. 5. 28. 37BT businessesNT joint ventures
partnerships
businessesCL E. 5. 28BT organizationsNT <businesses by function >
<businesses by size >business venturescompanies
RT business managersbylines
CL V. 47. 35. 11BT <textual elements by
function >Bézier curves
CL V. 19. 44. 10BT <parts of nontextual ele-
ments >C-head
CL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 2. 38BT <headings by level >
CADCL A. 10. 27. 10UF computer-aided design
computer-assisted de-sign
BT <design and creation ac-tivities >
calendarsCL W. 16. 10. 3BT <calendars and sched-
ules >NT religious calendars
calibrationCL A. 44. 51. 15BT <production processes >
caliper (measure)CL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 26SN Thickness of paper or
board measured inmicrons or mils
BT <absolute measurements >call-outs
USE calloutscalligrammes
USE concrete poetrycalligraphy
CL C. 44. 40. 5. 14BT handwriting stylesNT Arabic calligraphy
Chinese calligraphyHebrew calligraphyJapanese calligraphy
calloutsCL V. 19. 21. 17UF call-outsBT <nontextual elements by
function >cameo typefaces
CL C. 44. 74. 35. 19BT <typefaces by style >
camera-ready copyCL W. 62. 14UF CRCBT <created works by stage of
production >cameras
CL O. 3. 5. 10. 44. 3BT <recording instruments >NT digital cameras
video camerasCanadian Aboriginal Syllabics
CL C. 44. 90. 175BT <specific writing sys-
tems >cancellaresca
USE chancery handcantillation marks
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 37BT <characters by function >
canvasCL O. 3. 3. 73. 21BT surfaces
cap heightCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 20BT <type dimensions >
cap lineCL V. 47. 18. 34UF capital lineBT <text line elements >
capital (money)CL P. 3. 10. 31BT <financial concepts >
capital figuresUSE lining numerals
capital lettersUSE uppercase letters
capital lineUSE cap line
capitalizationCL P. 5. 44. 26BT <properties of text >NT headline style
72 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
inner capssentence-style capitali-
zationcapitals
USE uppercase letterscaps
USE uppercase letterscapstan imagesetters
CL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 43. 3BT imagesetters
captionsCL V. 47. 35. 15UF legendsBT <textual elements by
function >cardboard
CL O. 3. 3. 73. 30BT surfaces
cardingUSE vertical justification
cardsCL W. 23. 24BT <created works by form >NT advertising cards
business cardsgreeting cardstrade cards
career developmentCL A. 10. 67. 14BT employment
careersCL A. 10. 67. 24BT employment
caretCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 37BT <specific punctuation
characters >caron
USE hacekcarryover line
USE jump linescartography
USE mapscartoons
CL W. 23. 26BT <created works by form >
cartouchesCL V. 19. 21. 24. 35BT decorative elements
cartridge paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 36BT <paper types by form >
Cascading Style SheetsUSE CSS
case fractionsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5.
13BT fractions
cash flow statementsCL A. 10. 10. 5. 54. 28BT financial reports
cast typeUSE metal type
cast-coated paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 41. 3BT coated paper
castingCL A. 44. 51. 20BT <production processes >
casting-offUSE copyfitting
catalog designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35. 15BT graphic designRT catalogs
Cataloging-in-PublicationData
CL W. 10. 53. 25UF CIPBT front matter
catalogsCL W. 29. 14. 18BT <communicative works >NT auction catalogs
booksellers’ catalogscatalogue raisonnéexhibition catalogsmail order catalogsmuseum catalogspublishers’ catalogssale catalogstype specimen catalogs
RT catalog designcatalogue raisonné
CL W. 29. 14. 18. 26BT catalogs
catchwordsCL V. 47. 35. 20BT <textual elements by
function >
catechismsCL W. 29. 26. 12BT <religious works >
cathode ray tubesUSE CRT
CD-ROM drivesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 59. 3BT optical drivesRT CD-ROMs
CD-ROMsCL C. 21. 44. 62. 3UF Compact Disc–Read-
Only MemoryBT optical storage mediaRT CD-ROM drives
cedillaCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 18BT <specific accent marks >
cellsCL V. 38. 32UF tab entryBT <positional elements >NT straddle entries
centeredCL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 15BT linesettings
centered dotCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 41BT <specific punctuation
characters >centerpieces
CL V. 19. 32. 15BT <nontextual elements by
position >Central American
CL S. 5. 18. 10BT <styles of the Americas >
certificatesCL W. 29. 18. 50. 17BT official documents
certification programsCL A. 10. 35. 12BT <education and train-
ing >
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 73
CGI (Common Gateway Inter-face)
USE Common Gateway In-terface
CGI (computer generated im-ages)
USE computer generatedimages
chancery cursiveUSE chancery hand
chancery handCL C. 44. 40. 5. 52. 14UF chancery cursive
cancellarescaBT manuscript hands
change barsCL V. 19. 21. 21. 3SN Vertical bars indicating
changed paragraphsBT change marks
change marksCL V. 19. 21. 21SN Visual indication of re-
visions made in a textBT <nontextual elements by
function >NT change bars
chapbooksCL W. 23. 19. 41. 29BT <books by production
process >chapter heads
CL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 17BT <headings by function >
chapter titlesCL V. 28. 25UF CTBT <page elements >
chaptersCL W. 10. 16BT <components of a created
work >NT run-on chapters
character attributesUSE character styles
character encoding formsUSE character sets
character encoding schemesUSE character sets
character protrusionCL P. 5. 35. 17UF margin kerningBT <properties of layout >
character set encodingsUSE character sets
character setsCL C. 44. 20SN Encompasses sets of
characters, their en-codings into numericcode points, and theforms in which theencoded code pointsare represented
UF charsetscoded character setscharacter set encodingscharacter encoding
formscharacter encoding
schemesBT <representations of lan-
guage >NT <specific character sets >
multibyte character setsRT code pages
character spaceCL V. 10. 84. 5. 13BT <whitespace by function >NT ditches
character stylesCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56UF character attributesBT type stylesNT inline
italicsoutlineoverstrikereverseshadowshadow letters
charactersCL C. 44. 13SN Smallest units of writ-
ing systems withdistinctive form orfunction
UF graphemesBT <representations of lan-
guage >NT <characters by form >
<characters by function >characters per pica
CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 35UF CPPBT <relative measurements >
charsetsUSE character sets
chartsCL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 14BT <figures by function >NT organizational charts
pie chartschase
CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 14SN rectangular iron frame
in which pages orcolumns of type arecomposed —gcide
BT typesetting equipmentchemical typesetting
CL A. 10. 44. 78. 21. 14BT <typesetting by applica-
tion >Cherokee syllabary
CL C. 44. 90. 187BT <specific writing sys-
tems >chiaroscuro color printing
CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 17BT <printing methods >
children’s booksCL W. 23. 19. 10. 29BT <books by content >NT picture books
74 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
children’s picture booksUSE picture books
Chinese (language family)CL C. 79. 3. 3. 10SN The collection of mu-
tually unintelligible,genetically relatedlanguages of China,of which Mandarinand Cantonese aretwo instances.
BT <specific language fami-lies >
Chinese (style)CL S. 5. 35. 3BT Asian
Chinese calligraphyCL C. 44. 40. 5. 14. 21BT calligraphy
christening booksCL W. 29. 26. 19BT <religious works >
Christmas cardsCL W. 23. 24. 46. 18BT greeting cards
chromaCL P. 5. 27. 3. 22BT color (chromaticity)
chromaticity coordinatesCL P. 5. 27. 3. 30BT color (chromaticity)
chromolithographsCL W. 23. 73. 3. 57. 5. 17BT lithographsRT chromolithography
chromolithographyCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66. 5. 17BT lithographyRT chromolithographs
ciceroCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 25BT <type dimensions >
CIE XYZCL P. 5. 27. 3. 56. 30BT color spaces
CIELabCL P. 5. 27. 3. 56. 20BT color spaces
cinematographyCL A. 10. 27. 73. 18SN Photography of mov-
ing images onto filmBT photography
CIPUSE Cataloging-in-
Publication Datacircles
CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 30. 3BT ellipses
circumflexCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 21BT <specific accent marks >
CJK typesettingCL A. 10. 44. 78. 21. 20BT <typesetting by applica-
tion >CJKV typesetting
CL A. 10. 44. 78. 21. 30BT <typesetting by applica-
tion >clarendon typefaces
CL C. 44. 74. 35. 22BT <typefaces by style >
clean copyCL W. 62. 17UF straight copyBT <created works by stage of
production >clients
CL E. 3. 5. 16BT <people by relationship >
clip artCL W. 29. 47BT <created works by func-
tion >closed up
CL P. 5. 35. 10. 21. 3BT fit
clothesCL W. 23. 29UF clothingBT <created works by form >NT T-shirts
clothingUSE clothes
club linesCL V. 56. 80. 30BT typographical artifacts
CMYKCL P. 5. 27. 3. 48. 3UF cyan, magenta, yellow,
blackBT color models
coated paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 41BT <paper types by form >NT cast-coated paper
machine-coated papercode pages
CL C. 49. 14BT <transformations of in-
formation >RT character sets
coded character setsUSE character sets
codexUSE books
codicesUSE books
coinsCL W. 29. 34. 5. 5BT money
collaborationCL A. 10. 27. 24UF creative collaborationBT <design and creation ac-
tivities >collage
CL W. 23. 31BT <created works by form >
collagraphsCL W. 23. 73. 3. 16BT <prints by process >
collationCL A. 44. 10. 3UF sorting
alphabetic sortingBT <algorithmic processes >
collection agenciesCL E. 5. 28. 10. 27BT <businesses by function >
collegesCL L. 60. 10. 10. 3BT <colleges and universi-
ties >NT community colleges
junior colleges
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 75
collotypeCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 60. 3BT photomechanical
printing processescollotype printing
CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 22BT <printing methods >
colonCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 44BT <specific punctuation
characters >colophons
CL W. 10. 22SN Notes on the produc-
tion of the work inwhich they appear
BT <components of a createdwork >
RT imprintscolor (chromaticity)
CL P. 5. 27. 3BT <properties of color and
brightness >NT <color by function >
chromachromaticity coordi-
natescolor managementcolor modelscolor spacescolor synthesispalette
color (type)CL P. 5. 44. 10. 26BT <properties of typefaces >RT typefaces
color calibrationCL P. 5. 27. 3. 39. 18BT color management
color gamutUSE gamut
color managementCL P. 5. 27. 3. 39UF color qualityBT color (chromaticity)NT color calibration
colorimetrycolor matching
color matchingCL P. 5. 27. 3. 39. 42BT color management
color modelsCL P. 5. 27. 3. 48BT color (chromaticity)NT CMYK
RGBcolor printers
CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.10. 30
BT <printers by chromatic-ity >
color proofsCL W. 62. 67. 19BT proofs
color qualityUSE color management
color renderingCL A. 44. 51. 10. 42BT <imaging processes >NT absolute colorimetric
renderingperceptual renderingrelative colorimetric
renderingcolor separation
CL A. 44. 51. 10. 52BT <imaging processes >RT spot color
color spacesCL P. 5. 27. 3. 56BT color (chromaticity)NT Adobe RGB
CIELabCIE XYZPantonesRGB
color synthesisCL P. 5. 27. 3. 65BT color (chromaticity)NT additive color synthesis
subtractive color syn-thesis
Color-fieldCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 18BT <mid– to late–twentieth
century styles >colorimeter
CL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 24BT <marking instruments >RT colorimetry
colorimetryCL P. 5. 27. 3. 39. 30BT color managementRT colorimeter
column headsCL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 30BT <headings by function >
column inchesCL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 39BT <absolute measurements >
columnsCL V. 38. 36BT <positional elements >NT stub columns
comb bindingCL O. 3. 5. 21. 11. 3. 14BT <bindings by form >
combining charactersCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51BT <characters by function >NT accent marks
scansion markstone marksvowel points
comediesCL W. 36. 11BT <created works by genre >
comic stripsUSE comics
comicsCL W. 16. 37UF comic stripsBT <created works by con-
tents >RT graphic novels
commaCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 48BT <specific punctuation
characters >commentaries
CL W. 29. 51BT <created works by func-
tion >commerce
CL A. 10. 56UF trade
industryBT <activities >NT <specific industries >
markets
76 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
commercial correspondenceCL W. 29. 14. 21. 24BT correspondence
commercial printersCL E. 5. 28. 10. 43. 16BT presses
commercial publishersCL E. 5. 28. 10. 65. 3BT publishers
commercialsCL W. 29. 14. 10. 3BT advertisements
commissionsCL A. 10. 10. 3. 23BT business practices
Common Gateway InterfaceCL C. 10. 20UF CGI (Common Gate-
way Interface)BT <communication inter-
faces and protocols >commonplace books
CL W. 23. 19. 30. 22BT <books by function >
communicationCL C. 63NT visual communication
communication protocolsCL C. 10. 36BT <communication inter-
faces and protocols >NT electronic data inter-
changecommunications (discipline)
CL A. 21. 75. 26BT social sciencesNT advertising
broadcastingpublic relations
community collegesCL L. 60. 10. 10. 3. 3BT colleges
Compact Disc–Read-OnlyMemory
USE CD-ROMscompanies
CL E. 5. 28. 51BT businessesNT corporations
composite volumesUSE Sammelband
compositionCL A. 10. 44. 78. 10. 16BT <component activities >NT strike-on composition
composition sizeCL P. 5. 64. 59. 73. 3BT text sizesRT body text
compositors (people)USE typesetters (people)
compound ruleUSE double rules
comprehensivesUSE comps
compressedCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 20. 18BT <type styles by density >
compsCL W. 62. 20UF comprehensives
finished roughsBT <created works by stage of
production >computer communicationprotocols
CL C. 10. 46BT <communication inter-
faces and protocols >NT FTP
HTTPSFTP
computer devicesUSE computer peripherals
computer displaysCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 15UF monitors
computer monitorsBT output devices
computer filesUSE data files
computer gamesUSE video games
computer generated imagesCL V. 19. 10. 43. 15UF CGI (computer gener-
ated images)BT images
computer hardwareCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15UF hardwareBT equipmentNT computer peripherals
computerscomputer input devices
USE input devicescomputer languages
CL C. 32. 3BT <information processing
systems >NT markup languages
page description lan-guages
programming lan-guages
stylesheet languagescomputer monitors
USE computer displayscomputer networks
CL C. 10. 57BT <communication inter-
faces and protocols >computer output devices
USE output devicescomputer peripherals
CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3UF computer devicesBT computer hardwareNT data storage devices
I/O devicescomputer science
CL A. 21. 15BT <disciplines >
computer softwareUSE software
computer terminalsCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 18BT I/O devices
computer typesettingUSE digital typesetting
computer-aided designUSE CAD
computer-assisted designUSE CAD
computer-to-plateCL A. 44. 51. 25UF CTPBT <production processes >
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 77
computerized compositionUSE digital typesetting
computerized typesettingUSE digital typesetting
computersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5BT computer hardwareNT mainframe computers
minicomputerspersonal computersworkstations (comput-
ers)concertina folds
CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 10. 30BT <paper folds >
concertina spineCL O. 3. 5. 21. 75. 3BT spine
concrete poetryCL W. 36. 48. 65. 3UF shaped poetry
calligrammesBT poetry
condensedCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 20. 30BT <type styles by density >
conesCL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 15BT <geometric solids >
conferencesCL A. 32. 39UF symposia
symposiumBT <events >NT professional confer-
encesconsonantal writing systems
CL C. 44. 90. 205BT <specific writing sys-
tems >constructed letterforms
USE geometric letterformsConstructivist
CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 23BT <mid– to late–twentieth
century styles >consultants
CL E. 3. 5. 28BT <people by relationship >
contact databasesCL C. 21. 20. 31BT databases
content management systemsCL C. 27. 62. 4. 20BT <software by function >
continuing educationCL A. 10. 35. 19BT <education and train-
ing >RT education (discipline)
continuous tone color printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 28BT <printing methods >
continuous-tone artCL V. 19. 10. 43. 26BT images
contour mapsUSE topographic maps
contrast (type)CL P. 5. 44. 10. 32BT <properties of typefaces >RT typefaces
control charactersCL C. 27. 10. 16BT <representations of data >
cookbooksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 28UF recipe booksBT <books by function >RT recipes
copperplate printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 17BT intaglio
copyCL W. 62. 23BT <created works by stage of
production >copy block
CL V. 38. 39BT <positional elements >
copy editingCL A. 10. 44. 27. 4BT editing
copy keyCL P. 5. 64. 30. 26SN the relative proportion
of light and dark ar-eas in an image
BT <measures of visiblelight >
copyeditingCL A. 44. 41. 3BT <editing processes >
copyeditorsCL E. 3. 3. 36. 4BT editors
copyfittingCL A. 10. 44. 15SN Method of calculating
the amount of space(pages, lines, etc.) atext will require
UF casting-offfitting
BT <production activities >copyright
CL P. 3. 22. 10. 16UF copyright lawBT <intellectual property
law >NT fair use
copyright lawUSE copyright
copyright pagesCL W. 10. 53. 33BT front matter
corner marksCL V. 38. 42SN Marks defining the size
and position of thetype page
UF stripping guidesBT <positional elements >
cornerpiecesCL V. 19. 32. 28BT <nontextual elements by
position >corporate identity
CL C. 38. 8. 5BT visual identity
corporate taxesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 71. 16BT taxes
corporationsCL E. 5. 28. 51. 5BT companiesNT non-profit corporations
78 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
correspondenceCL W. 29. 14. 21BT <communicative works >NT business letters
commercial correspon-dence
e-mailform letterslegal correspondenceletters (correspondence)
corrigendaCL W. 29. 56UF corrigendumBT <created works by func-
tion >corrigendum
USE corrigendacosts
USE expensescounter
CL V. 47. 10. 27BT <character parts >
coupon ruleUSE dashed rules
coverCL O. 3. 5. 21. 18UF book coverBT <parts of a book >
CPPUSE characters per pica
craft printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 29BT printing
crayonsCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 31BT <marking instruments >
CRCUSE camera-ready copy
creative artsUSE arts
creative collaborationUSE collaboration
Cretan alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 212BT <specific writing sys-
tems >
crop marksUSE trim marks
cross ruleUSE straddle rules
crossbarCL V. 47. 10. 30BT <character parts >
crosshairsCL V. 28. 60. 4BT register marks
crosshatchUSE hash mark
crossheadsCL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 14SN A centered heading or
subheadBT <headings by form >
crotch (character parts)CL V. 47. 10. 34BT <character parts >
CRTCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 20UF cathode ray tubesBT output devices
CSSCL C. 32. 3. 80. 3UF Cascading Style SheetsBT stylesheet languages
CTUSE chapter titles
CTPUSE computer-to-plate
cubesCL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 61. 20BT polyhedra
cubic splinesCL V. 19. 44. 65. 20BT splines
CubistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 21BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
curly bracesUSE braces
curly bracketsUSE braces
curly quotesCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79. 3.
20UF smart quotes
typographic quotationmarks
BT <quotation marks byform >
currencyUSE money
currency symbolsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 16BT analphabetic charactersNT dollar sign
Euro symbolpound sterling sign
cursiveCL C. 44. 40. 5. 29BT handwriting styles
curvesCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 12BT <geometric plane figures >NT French curves
cut typeUSE broken type
cut-in headsCL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 23BT <headings by form >
cyan, magenta, yellow, blackUSE CMYK
cyanotypesUSE bluelines
cylindersCL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 27BT <geometric solids >
Cyrillic alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 225BT <specific writing sys-
tems >DA
USE designer’s alterationsDada
CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 23BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 79
daggerCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 12BT <specific symbols >
daguerreotypeCL A. 44. 51. 52. 3BT photographic processes
danceCL A. 21. 32. 12. 5. 16BT performing arts
Dark AgesCL S. 3. 60BT <styles by period >
daseiaCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 24. 3UF rough breathing
spiritus asperBT breathing marks
dashCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16BT <specific punctuation
characters >NT em dash
en dashnon-breaking hyphenthree-em dashtwo-em dash
dashed rulesCL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 15UF coupon ruleBT <rules by form >
dataCL C. 27. 29BT <information forms >
data filesCL C. 21. 32UF computer files
files, dataBT <data containers >
data storage devicesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3UF storage devicesBT computer peripheralsNT floppy drives
hard drivesmemory devicesoptical drivessolid-state drives
RT data storage mediadata storage media
CL C. 21. 44BT <data containers >
NT <magnetic storage me-dia >
<solid state storage me-dia >
optical storage mediaRT data storage devices
database management systemsCL C. 27. 62. 4. 28UF DBMSBT <software by function >RT databases
databasesCL C. 21. 20BT <data containers >NT bibliographic databases
contact databasesimage databases
RT database managementsystems
DBMSUSE database management
systemsDe Stijl
CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 26BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
dead copyCL W. 62. 27BT <created works by stage of
production >debts
CL P. 3. 10. 10. 57. 5UF loansBT liabilities
decagonsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 18BT <geometric plane figures >
decimal alignmentCL P. 5. 35. 20. 32BT alignment
decision makingCL A. 10. 10. 3. 30BT business practices
decked headsCL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 32SN A heading or subhead
with rules above andbelow
BT <headings by form >
decorated initialsCL V. 47. 27. 17UF decorative initialsBT <textual elements by
form >decorative elements
CL V. 19. 21. 24BT <nontextual elements by
function >NT bevels
borderscartouchesdrop-shadowsornaments
decorative initialsUSE decorated initials
decorative paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 5. 32BT <paper types by function >NT marbled paper
decorative typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 27. 21BT <typefaces by function >
decreesCL W. 29. 18. 50. 32BT official documents
dedicationsCL W. 10. 27BT <components of a created
work >degraded type
CL P. 5. 81. 32BT type effects
demiboldUSE semibold
demotic scriptCL C. 44. 90. 243BT <specific writing sys-
tems >densitometers
CL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 15BT <measuring instru-
ments >density
CL P. 5. 35. 10. 13BT <properties of running
text >
80 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
dependent vowelsUSE vowel points
depreciationCL A. 10. 10. 5. 40BT financial practices
descenderCL V. 47. 10. 41. 5BT extender
descender lineCL V. 47. 18. 48BT <text line elements >
designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21BT visual artsNT advertising design
book designgraphic designindustrial designinformation designinteraction designWeb design
RT designersdesign drawings
CL W. 62. 29BT <created works by stage of
production >designers
CL E. 3. 3. 31BT <people by occupation >RT design
type designersdesigner’s alterations
CL W. 62. 10. 23UF DABT alterations
desktop compositionCL A. 10. 44. 19BT <production activities >
desktop computersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5. 56. 3BT personal computers
desktop publishingCL A. 10. 44. 23UF DTPBT <production activities >
desktop scannersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74.
16BT scanners
DevanagariCL C. 44. 90. 250BT <specific writing sys-
tems >Dhives Akuru
CL C. 44. 90. 262BT <specific writing sys-
tems >diacritics
USE accent marksdiaeresis
USE dieresisdiagonal
USE slashdiagonal fractions
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5.25
BT fractionsdiagrams
CL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 27BT <figures by function >
dialectsUSE languages
diamondCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 20BT <specific symbols >NT lozenge
dictionariesCL W. 29. 14. 24BT <communicative works >NT gazetteers
picture dictionariesDidone typefaces
CL C. 44. 74. 35. 24BT <typefaces by style >
Didot Point SystemCL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 10. 5BT <point systems >RT Didot points
Didot pointsCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 59. 30BT pointRT Didot Point System
dieresisCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 25UF diaeresisBT <specific accent marks >
diffusion-transfer processesCL A. 44. 51. 10. 19. 21BT <photomechanical proc-
esses >digital cameras
CL O. 3. 5. 10. 44. 3. 3BT camerasRT digital photography
digital fontsCL C. 44. 74. 18. 21UF digital type
electronic typeBT <typefaces by construc-
tion >NT <digital fonts by form >
<digital fonts by format >RT hinting (digital fonts)
digital punchcuttingdigital foundries
CL E. 5. 28. 10. 82. 4BT typefoundries
digital photographyCL A. 10. 27. 73. 33BT photographyRT digital cameras
digital prooofersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 17BT printing equipment
digital punchcuttingCL A. 10. 44. 65. 4BT punchcuttingRT digital fonts
digital typeUSE digital fonts
digital typesettingCL A. 10. 44. 78. 32. 21UF computerized compo-
sitioncomputer typesettingcomputerized typeset-
tingBT <typesetting by medium >
Digital Video DiscsUSE DVDs
digitizationCL A. 44. 20. 4BT <capture processes >NT OCR
scanningtracing
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 81
digitsUSE numerals
digraphsCL V. 47. 44. 24BT <visual symbols >
dimensional typeUSE three-dimensional type
dimensionsCL P. 5. 64. 59SN Measures of distance
and densityBT measuresNT <absolute measurements >
<relative measurements >appearing sizedot gaindots per inchpixels per inchtext sizestype-height
DIN 1658CL C. 44. 74. 72. 30BT typeface classifications
dingbatsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 51. 3BT printer’s ornaments
directional signsCL W. 23. 83. 21BT signs
directoriesCL W. 29. 14. 27BT <communicative works >
dirt (printing flaws)USE hickeys (printing flaws)
discretionary hyphenCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 33. 4UF soft hyphenBT hyphen
display advertisementsCL W. 29. 14. 10. 5UF display advertisingBT advertisementsRT advertising
advertising design
display advertisingUSE display advertisements
display facesUSE display typefaces
display matterCL V. 47. 35. 26UF display settingBT <textual elements by
function >Display PostScript
CL C. 32. 3. 50. 3. 3UF DPSBT PostScript
display settingUSE display matter
display sizeCL P. 5. 64. 59. 73. 5BT text sizes
display typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 27. 28UF display facesBT <typefaces by function >
ditchesCL V. 10. 84. 5. 13. 4SN The space between col-
umns of typeBT character space
ditheringCL A. 44. 51. 10. 10. 42BT <digital rendering proc-
esses >do-it-yourself manuals
CL W. 29. 14. 49. 19BT manuals
dodecagonsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 24BT <geometric plane figures >
dollar signCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 16. 22BT currency symbols
dot aboveCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 29UF overdotBT <specific accent marks >
dot belowCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 33UF underdotBT <specific accent marks >
dot gainCL P. 5. 64. 59. 38BT dimensions
dot leadersCL V. 19. 10. 14BT <nontextual elements by
form >dot-matrix printers
CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.34. 26
BT <printers by method >dotless i
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 33UF undotted iBT <specific letters >
dotless jCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 38UF undotted jBT <specific letters >
dots per inchCL P. 5. 64. 59. 46UF DPIBT dimensions
double acute accentCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 36UF Hungarian umlautBT <specific accent marks >
double daggerCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 24BT <specific symbols >
double quotesCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79. 5.
4BT <quotation marks by
function >double rules
CL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 24UF compound rule
Scotch ruleBT <rules by form >NT French rules
double-page spreadUSE spread
doubling (printing flaws)CL V. 56. 65. 24BT printing flaws
82 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
down-style capitalizationUSE sentence-style capitali-
zationDPI
USE dots per inchDPS
USE Display PostScriptdrafts
CL W. 62. 32BT <created works by stage of
production >drop caps
CL V. 47. 27. 79. 4UF dropped initial capsBT versals
drop foliosCL V. 28. 49. 35UF dropped foliosBT page numbers
drop-shadowsCL V. 19. 21. 24. 49BT decorative elements
dropline paragraphsUSE indent on point
dropouts (printing flaws)CL V. 56. 65. 33BT printing flaws
dropped foliosUSE drop folios
dropped initial capsUSE drop caps
drum scannersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74.
26BT scanners
DTPUSE desktop publishing
duck feetUSE guillemets
dumb quotesUSE straight quotes
dummiesCL W. 62. 34BT <created works by stage of
production >duotone processes
CL A. 44. 51. 10. 19. 34BT <photomechanical proc-
esses >
dust jacketsUSE book jacket
Dutch (style)CL S. 5. 44. 10BT European
Dutch Old Style typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 26BT <typefaces by style >
Dutch typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 28BT <typefaces by style >
DVD drivesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 59. 5BT optical drivesRT DVDs
DVDsCL C. 21. 44. 62. 5UF Digital Video DiscsBT optical storage mediaRT DVD drives
dye-dublimation printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.
34. 35BT <printers by method >
dyesCL O. 5. 22BT materials
e-mailCL W. 29. 14. 21. 35UF emailBT correspondence
EAUSE editor’s alterations
ear (character parts)CL V. 47. 10. 37BT <character parts >
Easter Island scriptCL C. 44. 90. 275BT <specific writing sys-
tems >EBCDIC
CL C. 44. 20. 3. 22BT <specific character sets >
economicsCL A. 21. 75. 34UF businessBT social sciences
edhUSE eth
EDIUSE electronic data inter-
changeediting
CL A. 10. 44. 27BT <production activities >NT copy editingRT editors
editorsCL E. 3. 3. 36BT <people by occupation >NT copyeditorsRT editing
editor’s alterationsCL W. 62. 10. 33UF EABT alterations
education (discipline)CL A. 21. 75. 40BT social sciencesRT schools
continuing educationgraduate programslearningteachingprofessional educationeducational expenses
educational expensesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 14BT expensesRT education (discipline)
Egyptian serifUSE slab serif
Egyptian typefacesUSE slab-serif typefaces
electronic data interchangeCL C. 10. 36. 4UF EDIBT communication proto-
colselectronic type
USE digital fontselectrophotographic printers
CL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 29BT printing equipment
electrostatic printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 34BT <printing methods >
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 83
electrotype processesCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 40BT <printing methods >
elementary schoolsCL L. 60. 10. 29BT <schools by education
level >elevated caps
CL V. 47. 27. 79. 6UF pop caps
standing capsraised initialstick-up initial
BT versalselite type
CL C. 44. 74. 44. 21BT <typefaces by visual
form >ellipses
CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 30BT <geometric plane figures >NT circles
ellipsisCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 28UF points of suspension
horizontal ellipsisBT <specific punctuation
characters >NT vertical ellipsis
emCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 31UF mutton
mollymary
BT <type dimensions >em dash
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16.17
BT dashNT joining em dash
punctuating em dashem fractions
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5.36
BT fractionsem quad
USE em spaceem space
CL V. 10. 84. 3. 15UF em quad
em square
BT <whitespace by dimen-sions >
em squareUSE em space
emailUSE e-mail
emakimonoCL W. 23. 78. 4BT scrolls
embedded fontsUSE font embedding
embossingCL A. 44. 51. 35. 32BT finishing (production
process)NT blind embossing
employee manualsUSE personnel manuals
employeesCL E. 3. 5. 43BT <people by relationship >RT hiring
employmentCL A. 10. 67BT <activities >NT career development
careersfreelancinghiringpromotion
RT job trainingen
CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 36UF nutBT <type dimensions >
en dashCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16.
26BT dash
en fractionsUSE horizontal fractions
en quadUSE en space
en spaceCL V. 10. 84. 3. 23UF en quad
en squareBT <whitespace by dimen-
sions >
en squareUSE en space
Encapsulated PostScriptUSE EPS
encyclopaediasUSE encyclopedias
encyclopediasCL W. 29. 14. 29UF encyclopaediasBT <communicative works >
end marksCL V. 19. 21. 30BT <nontextual elements by
function >end matter
CL W. 10. 33UF endmatter
back matterbackmatter
BT <components of a createdwork >
NT appendixesbibliographiesglossariesindexes
endmatterUSE end matter
endnotesCL V. 47. 35. 30BT <textual elements by
function >eng
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 43BT <specific letters >
English (style)CL S. 5. 44. 19BT European
engraving (printing process)CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 32BT intaglioRT engravings (prints)
engravings (prints)CL W. 23. 73. 3. 38. 4BT intaglio printsNT mezzotintsRT engraving (printing
process)entertainment expenses
CL P. 3. 10. 33. 20BT expenses
84 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
envelopesCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 20. 4BT <paper products >
epigraphsCL W. 23. 42. 24SN Inscriptions on build-
ings, sculpture, orother artificial struc-tures
BT inscriptionsepigraphy
CL A. 21. 32. 32. 32BT history
epistemologyCL A. 21. 32. 61. 17BT philosophy
epitaphsCL W. 23. 42. 36SN Inscriptions on tomb-
stonesBT inscriptions
EPSCL C. 32. 3. 50. 3. 5UF Encapsulated Post-
ScriptBT PostScript
equationsUSE mathematical equations
equipmentCL O. 3. 5. 44SN Typically stationary
objects used in pro-duction
BT <objects by function >NT computer hardware
machinesprinting equipmentsuppliestypesetting equipment
equityCL P. 3. 10. 10. 36BT <financial balance meas-
ures >errata
CL W. 10. 38UF erratumBT <components of a created
work >
erratumUSE errata
escapementCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 41BT <type dimensions >
essaysCL W. 36. 17BT <created works by genre >
estheticsCL A. 21. 32. 61. 27UF aestheticsBT philosophy
estimated tax paymentsCL P. 3. 10. 33. 71. 29BT taxes
estimatesUSE price estimates
eszettCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 48BT <specific letters >
etching (production process)CL A. 44. 51. 30BT <production processes >RT etchings (prints)
etchings (prints)CL W. 23. 73. 3. 38. 6BT intaglio printsNT aquatintsRT etching (production
process)eth
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 53UF edhBT <specific letters >
ethelCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 58BT <specific letters >
ethicsCL A. 21. 32. 61. 36BT philosophy
Etruscan alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 287BT <specific writing sys-
tems >Euro symbol
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 16. 24BT currency symbols
EuropeanCL S. 5. 44BT <styles by region >
NT Dutch (style)English (style)French (style)German (style)Italian (style)Spanish (style)
European numeralsUSE Arabic numerals
ex-heightUSE x-height
exception dictionaryCL C. 27. 10. 53. 4BT hyphenation dictionar-
iesexclamation point
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 52BT <specific punctuation
characters >exclusion zones
CL V. 38. 46SN measurement of
whitespace around alogo or brand
BT <positional elements >exhibition catalogs
CL W. 29. 14. 18. 36BT catalogs
exhibitionsCL A. 32. 55BT <events >
exhibitsCL W. 23. 34BT <created works by form >
expandedCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 20. 48UF extendedBT <type styles by density >
expensesCL P. 3. 10. 33UF costsBT <financial concepts >NT educational expenses
entertainment expensesinsurancemortgagesoverheadrentsalariesshipping expensestaxestransportation expenses
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 85
travel expensesexpert fonts
CL C. 44. 74. 27. 36UF alternate fonts
expert-set fontsBT <typefaces by function >
expert-set fontsUSE expert fonts
explicitsCL W. 10. 43BT <components of a created
work >Expressionist
CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 29BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
extendedUSE expanded
extended ASCIICL C. 44. 20. 3. 32UF high-bit ASCIIBT <specific character sets >
extenderCL V. 47. 10. 41BT <character parts >NT ascender
descenderExtensible Markup Language
USE XMLextra bold
CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 42BT <type styles by weight >
extra leadCL V. 10. 15BT <dimensional elements >
extractsUSE block quotations
eye (type)USE bowl (character parts)
fablesCL W. 36. 21BT <created works by genre >
fabricCL O. 3. 3. 73. 42BT surfaces
face (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 21SN The printing surface of
a unit of type
BT <parts of a unit of type >face margins
USE outside marginsfair use
CL P. 3. 22. 10. 16. 4UF fair-use provisionBT copyright
fair-use provisionUSE fair use
fairy talesCL W. 36. 25BT <created works by genre >
fake small capsCL V. 47. 44. 50. 73. 4BT small caps
false titlesUSE bastard titles
family treesCL W. 29. 22. 25BT <genealogical works >
fan foldUSE accordion folds
Far SoomaaliUSE Osmanya alphabet
fat facesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 31BT <typefaces by style >
FauvistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 32BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
featheringUSE vertical justification
feesUSE prices
felt-tip markersUSE markers
fictionCL W. 36. 48. 25UF works of fictionBT literary worksNT mysteries
romance novelsscience fiction
fiducial boxCL V. 19. 10. 21SN A box with rounded
corners
BT <nontextual elements byform >
field guidesCL W. 29. 61BT <created works by func-
tion >figure space
CL V. 10. 84. 3. 32BT <whitespace by dimen-
sions >figures (illustrations)
CL V. 19. 21. 44. 4UF floats
floating figuresBT illustrations (visual
elements)NT <figures by function >
figures (numerals)USE numerals
file compressionCL C. 49. 25BT <transformations of in-
formation >RT file formats
file conversionCL C. 49. 34BT <transformations of in-
formation >RT file formats
file formatsCL C. 27. 10. 30BT <representations of data >NT graphics file formats
<specific file formats >RT file conversion
file compressionFile Transfer Protocol
USE FTPfiles, data
USE data filesfiligree
CL V. 19. 10. 28BT <nontextual elements by
form >fillet
CL V. 47. 10. 44BT <character parts >
film (performing arts)CL A. 21. 32. 12. 5. 30BT performing artsRT motion pictures
86 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
film creditsUSE film titles
film titlesCL W. 23. 37UF film credits
movie titlesmovie credits
BT <created works by form >films (cinema)
USE motion picturesfilmsetting
USE phototypesettingfilmstrip fonts
USE photographic fontsfin de siècle
CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 37BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
financial planningCL A. 10. 10. 5. 48BT financial practicesNT budgeting
financial practicesCL A. 10. 10. 5BT <business and economic
activities >NT accounting
amortizationbillingdepreciationfinancial planningfinancial reportsfinancingpensions
financial reportsCL A. 10. 10. 5. 54BT financial practicesNT balance sheets
cash flow statementsprofit and loss state-
mentsfinancing
CL A. 10. 10. 5. 61BT financial practices
finding aidsCL W. 29. 65BT <created works by func-
tion >NT archival catalogs
archival guides
fine artsCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 37BT visual arts
fine press movementCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 39BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
fine pressesCL E. 5. 28. 10. 43. 33BT presses
fine pressworkCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 72. 6. 4BT presswork
fine printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 45BT printing
fine rulesUSE hairline rules
finial (character parts)CL V. 47. 10. 83. 45BT terminal
finials (characters)CL V. 47. 44. 50. 11. 4UF terminal charactersBT alternate characters
finished artworkUSE artwork
finished roughsUSE comps
finishing (production process)CL A. 44. 51. 35BT <production processes >NT binding (production
process)embossinglaminationmachine stamping
first half-titlesUSE bastard titles
first proofsCL W. 62. 67. 28BT proofs
first revisesUSE revised proofs
first-line indentUSE paragraph indents
first-order characterCL C. 44. 13. 10. 20BT <characters by form >
fitCL P. 5. 35. 10. 21BT <properties of running
text >NT closed up
French spacingfitting
USE copyfittingfixed folios
CL V. 28. 49. 46BT page numbers
fixed-width typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 44. 28UF monospaced typefacesBT <typefaces by visual
form >FL
USE ragged rightFL&R
USE justifiedFlash
USE Macromedia Flash(software)
flash drivesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 75. 4UF thumb drivesBT solid-state drives
flat-plate gravureCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 45BT intaglio
flatbed scannersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74.
37BT scanners
fleuronsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 51. 5UF printer’s flowersBT printer’s ornaments
flexographyCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 72. 4. 4BT letterpress printing
flip booksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 24BT <books by form >
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 87
floating figuresUSE figures (illustrations)
floatsUSE figures (illustrations)
floppy disksCL C. 21. 44. 10. 4BT <magnetic storage me-
dia >RT floppy drives
floppy drivesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 20BT data storage devicesRT floppy disks
flourishesCL V. 19. 21. 24. 69. 4BT ornaments
flow diagramUSE flowcharts
flowchartsCL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 41UF flow diagramBT <figures by function >
flush and hangUSE hanging indents
flush and hungUSE hanging indents
flush leftUSE ragged right
flush left and rightUSE justified
flush rightUSE ragged left
flush spaceCL V. 10. 84. 5. 24BT <whitespace by function >
flutter foldsCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 10. 49BT <paper folds >
flyleavesCL W. 10. 48BT <components of a created
work >
FMUSE front matter
FNUSE footnotes
foldout booksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 81. 4BT three-dimensional
booksfolios (typography)
USE page numbersfolk tales
CL W. 36. 30BT <created works by genre >
font classificationsUSE typeface classifications
font editorsCL C. 27. 62. 4. 37BT <software by function >
font embeddingCL C. 49. 43UF embedded fontsBT <transformations of in-
formation >font families
USE type familiesfont management software
CL C. 27. 62. 4. 44UF font managersBT <software by function >
font managersUSE font management soft-
warefont metrics
CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 46BT <type dimensions >
font smoothingUSE anti-aliasing
fontsUSE typefaces
foot (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 28BT <parts of a unit of type >
foot foliosCL V. 28. 49. 56BT page numbers
foot marginsUSE bottom margins
foot trimCL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 77. 26BT trim (measure)
footerUSE running feet
footnote callsUSE reference marks
footnotesCL V. 47. 35. 35UF FNBT <textual elements by
function >for position only
USE position printsforce-justified
CL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 38. 4BT justified
fore edgeCL O. 3. 5. 21. 35BT <parts of a book >
forewordCL W. 10. 53. 40BT front matter
forgeriesCL W. 55. 4BT <created works by social
context >form letters
CL W. 29. 14. 21. 46BT correspondence
formatting codesCL C. 27. 10. 41BT <representations of data >
forward slashUSE virgule
foul copyCL W. 62. 67. 30SN Superseded proofsUF foul proofsBT proofs
foul proofsUSE foul copy
foundationsCL E. 5. 55. 4BT institutions
88 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
founder’s typeUSE foundry type
foundry typeCL O. 3. 5. 77. 50SN Metal type purchased
as individual charac-ters and meant to bereused
UF founder’s typeBT type (objects)
fountsUSE typefaces
four-color processesCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 46UF four-colour process
full colorfull colour
BT <printing methods >four-colour process
USE four-color processesFPO
USE position printsFR
USE ragged leftfractals
CL P. 3. 34. 3. 4BT algorithms
fraction barCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 86.
38SN Slash character used in
forming fractionsBT slash
fractionsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5BT Arabic numeralsNT case fractions
diagonal fractionsem fractionshorizontal fractionspiece fractionssolidus fractions
FrakturCL C. 44. 74. 35. 15. 21BT blackletter
Fraktur variant typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 33BT <typefaces by style >
Fraser alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 300BT <specific writing sys-
tems >freelancing
CL A. 10. 67. 41BT employment
French (style)CL S. 5. 44. 28BT European
French curvesCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 12. 3BT curves
French quotesUSE guillemets
French RenaissanceCL S. 3. 70. 3BT Renaissance
French rulesCL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 24. 3SN Double rules divided by
diamondsBT double rules
French spacingCL P. 5. 35. 10. 21. 5BT fit
front (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 35BT <parts of a unit of type >
front edgeCL O. 3. 5. 21. 41BT <parts of a book >
front matterCL W. 10. 53UF frontmatter
FMprelimspreliminaries
BT <components of a createdwork >
NT acknowledgmentsad cardsbastard titlesCataloging-in-
Publication Datacopyright pagesforewordfrontispieceshalf-titlespart titlesprefaces
series titlestables of contentstitle pages
frontispiecesCL W. 10. 53. 46BT front matter
frontmatterUSE front matter
FSS-UTFUSE UTF-8
FTPCL C. 10. 46. 10UF File Transfer ProtocolBT computer communica-
tion protocolsfull color
USE four-color processesfull colour
USE four-color processesfull measure
USE type measurefull stop
USE periodfull-color bleed
CL V. 28. 11. 4BT bleed
fullwidth charactersCL C. 44. 13. 10. 31UF zenkakuBT <characters by form >
fully justifiedUSE justified
furniture (typesetting instru-ments)
CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 28BT typesetting equipment
FutharkCL C. 44. 90. 312BT <specific writing sys-
tems >RT runes
FuturistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 41BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
galleriesCL V. 19. 21. 37BT <nontextual elements by
function >
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 89
galley proofsCL W. 62. 67. 35UF galleysBT proofs
galleysUSE galley proofs
gamesCL W. 29. 30. 4BT <works of entertain-
ment >NT board games
video gamesgamma
CL P. 5. 64. 30. 41SN slope of a curve relating
input densities andoutput dot sizes
BT <measures of visiblelight >
RT scannersgamut
CL P. 5. 64. 30. 51SN range of colors an out-
put device is capableof producing
UF color gamutBT <measures of visible
light >ganging
CL A. 10. 44. 32SN Printing more than one
piece on a press si-multaneously
BT <production activities >Garalde typefaces
CL C. 44. 74. 35. 35BT <typefaces by style >
gazetteersCL W. 29. 14. 24. 4BT dictionaries
generic markupUSE markup languages
genogramsCL W. 29. 22. 38BT <genealogical works >
geographyCL A. 21. 75. 48BT social sciences
geometric figuresCL V. 19. 10. 35BT <nontextual elements by
form >NT <geometric plane figures >
<geometric solids >lines (geometry)planes (geometry)spirals
geometric letterformsCL V. 47. 44. 50. 34UF constructed letterformsBT letterforms
geometric typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 44. 35BT <typefaces by visual
form >geometry
CL P. 3. 34. 5BT <mathematical concepts >
German (style)CL S. 5. 44. 38BT European
Ge’ez (writing system)CL C. 44. 90. 325BT <specific writing sys-
tems >ghosting
CL V. 56. 65. 43UF show-throughBT printing flaws
gift booksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 35BT <books by function >
GlagoliticCL C. 44. 90. 337BT <specific writing sys-
tems >glossaries
CL W. 10. 33. 46BT end matter
glyphic typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 38BT <typefaces by style >
glyphsCL C. 44. 32SN Visual manifestations
of graphemesBT <representations of lan-
guage >
golden meanUSE golden section
golden ratioUSE golden section
golden sectionCL P. 5. 64. 41. 4UF golden mean
golden ratioBT <ratios >
Gothic alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 350BT <specific writing sys-
tems >gradient fills
USE gradientsgradients
CL P. 5. 27. 5UF gradient fillsBT <properties of color and
brightness >graduate programs
CL A. 10. 35. 29BT <education and train-
ing >RT education (discipline)
graffitiCL W. 23. 42. 51BT inscriptions
grainCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 30. 4BT <paper properties >
grant proposalsCL W. 29. 14. 32BT <communicative works >
graphemesUSE characters
graphic artsCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 51BT visual artsNT information graphics
graphic designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35BT designNT catalog design
package designtype designtypography
90 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
graphic novelsCL W. 16. 43BT <created works by con-
tents >RT comics
graphic typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 41BT <typefaces by style >
graphical user interfacesCL C. 27. 62. 4. 83. 4UF GUIBT user interfaces
graphics file formatsCL C. 27. 10. 30. 4UF image file formatsBT file formats
Graphics Interchange FormatUSE GIF (file format)
graphics tabletsCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 21BT input devices
graphsCL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 52BT <figures by function >NT bar graphs
line graphsscatter graphs
grave accentCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 40BT <specific accent marks >
gravureUSE photogravure
grayscaleCL O. 3. 5. 10. 10. 4BT <calibrating instuments >
grayscale imagesCL V. 19. 10. 43. 42BT images
grayscale printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.
10. 51BT <printers by chromatic-
ity >Greek alphabet
CL C. 44. 90. 362BT <specific writing sys-
tems >
greekingCL V. 47. 35. 40BT <textual elements by
function >greeting cards
CL W. 23. 24. 46BT cardsNT Christmas cards
valentinesgrid systems
CL V. 38. 52BT <positional elements >
gridsCL V. 38. 49UF page gridsBT <positional elements >
grotesque typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 43BT <typefaces by style >NT Akzidenz Grotesk
typefacesGUI
USE graphical user inter-faces
guidebooksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 41BT <books by function >
guildsCL E. 5. 13. 3. 29BT <associations by func-
tion >guillemets
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79. 3.39
UF duck feetFrench quotes
BT <quotation marks byform >
Gutenberg BibleCL W. 69. 22BT <specific created works >RT Bible
gutter marginsUSE inside margins
guttersUSE inside margins
H&JUSE hyphenation and
justificationHA
USE house alterationsHaber rule
USE type gaugeshacek
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 48UF caron
wedge (accent mark)BT <specific accent marks >
hagiographiesCL W. 29. 26. 29BT <religious works >
hair spaceCL V. 10. 84. 3. 40BT <whitespace by dimen-
sions >hairline
USE hairline ruleshairline rules
CL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 35UF fine rules
hairlineBT <rules by form >
hairline serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 36BT <serif by form >
halantUSE virama
half-titlesCL W. 10. 53. 51BT front matter
half-uncialCL C. 44. 40. 5. 52. 32BT manuscript hands
halftone processesCL A. 44. 51. 10. 19. 52BT <photomechanical proc-
esses >halftone screen printing
CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 78. 28BT screen printing
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 91
halfwidth charactersCL C. 44. 13. 10. 42UF hankakuBT <characters by form >
hamzaCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 64BT <specific letters >
Han charactersUSE Hanzi
hand bookbindingCL A. 44. 51. 35. 13. 5BT binding (production
process)handbills
CL W. 23. 39BT <created works by form >
handbooksCL W. 29. 14. 35BT <communicative works >
handwritingCL C. 44. 40UF penmanshipBT <representations of lan-
guage >NT handwriting styles
handwriting implementsUSE writing implements
handwriting stylesCL C. 44. 40. 5BT handwritingNT calligraphy
cursivemanuscript handsprinting (handwriting)
hang linesCL V. 38. 56BT <positional elements >
hanging charactersCL V. 47. 27. 32BT <textual elements by
form >NT hanging punctuation
hanging indentionUSE hanging indents
hanging indentsCL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 29UF flush and hang
flush and hungbiblio stylehanging indention
BT indents
hanging punctuationCL V. 47. 27. 32. 5UF hung punctuationBT hanging charactersRT punctuation
HangulCL C. 44. 90. 375UF Korean script
Korean (writing sys-tem)
BT <specific writing sys-tems >
hankakuUSE halfwidth characters
HanziCL C. 44. 90. 387UF Han characters
sinogramsBT <specific writing sys-
tems >harakat
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 51BT <specific accent marks >
hard drivesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 32BT data storage devices
hard hyphenCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 33. 6BT hyphen
hard spaceUSE non-breaking space
hardcover booksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 33BT <books by form >
hardwareUSE computer hardware
hash markCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 56UF octothorp
numeral signcrosshatchhatchmarknumber sign
BT <specific punctuationcharacters >
hatchmarkUSE hash mark
head (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 42BT <parts of a unit of type >
head marginsUSE top margins
head rulesCL V. 19. 10. 68. 5. 35BT <rules by function >
head trimCL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 77. 52BT trim (measure)
headerUSE running heads
headingsCL V. 47. 35. 45UF heads (text elements)BT <textual elements by
function >NT <headings by form >
<headings by function >headline style
CL P. 5. 44. 26. 28UF up styleBT capitalization
headlinesCL V. 38. 59BT <positional elements >
headpiecesCL V. 19. 32. 47BT <nontextual elements by
position >heads (text elements)
USE headingsHebrew alphabet
CL C. 44. 90. 400BT <specific writing sys-
tems >Hebrew calligraphy
CL C. 44. 40. 5. 14. 32BT calligraphy
height-to-paperUSE type-height
helicesUSE spirals
heliogravureUSE photogravure
helixUSE spirals
hemispheresCL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 42BT <geometric solids >
92 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
hexagonsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 38BT <geometric plane figures >
hickeys (printing flaws)CL V. 56. 65. 53SN Blemishes on proofs or
printed matterUF dirt (printing flaws)BT printing flaws
hieratic scriptCL C. 44. 90. 423BT <specific writing sys-
tems >hieroglyphics
CL C. 44. 83. 25. 28BT <writing systems by
function >high schools
CL L. 60. 10. 42BT <schools by education
level >high-bit ASCII
USE extended ASCIIhigh-resolution proofs
CL W. 62. 67. 42BT proofs
hingeCL O. 3. 5. 21. 49BT <parts of a book >
hinting (digital fonts)CL P. 5. 44. 10. 42BT <properties of typefaces >RT digital fonts
hiraganaCL C. 44. 90. 435BT <specific writing sys-
tems >hiring
CL A. 10. 67. 53BT employmentNT interviewing (hiring)RT employees
historiesCL W. 36. 35BT <created works by genre >
historyCL A. 21. 32. 32BT humanitiesNT art history
epigraphypaleography
papyrologyhome offices
CL L. 80. 4UF SOHOBT workplaces
home pagesCL W. 23. 88. 32. 5BT Web pages
hook (accent mark)USE ogonek
horizontal ellipsisUSE ellipsis
horizontal fractionsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5.
48UF en fractions
nut fractionsBT fractions
horizontal rulesCL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 44BT <rules by form >
hornbooksCL W. 29. 69BT <created works by func-
tion >hot metal composition
CL A. 10. 44. 78. 32. 47. 5BT metal composition
house alterationsCL W. 62. 10. 44UF HABT alterations
house fontCL C. 44. 74. 27. 45BT <typefaces by function >
HTMLCL C. 32. 3. 40. 20UF Hypertext Markup
LanguageBT markup languages
HTTPCL C. 10. 46. 22UF Hypertext Transfer
ProtocolBT computer communica-
tion protocolsHumane typefaces
CL C. 44. 74. 35. 45BT <typefaces by style >
humanist typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 47BT <typefaces by style >
humanitiesCL A. 21. 32BT <disciplines >NT arts
historyliteraturephilosophyreligion
hung punctuationUSE hanging punctuation
Hungarian runesUSE Orkhon
Hungarian umlautUSE double acute accent
hymnalsCL W. 29. 26. 36BT <religious works >RT songbooks
hyperbolasCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 44BT <geometric plane figures >
hypertextCL W. 29. 14. 38BT <communicative works >
Hypertext Markup LanguageUSE HTML
Hypertext Transfer ProtocolUSE HTTP
hyphenCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 33BT <specific punctuation
characters >NT discretionary hyphen
hard hyphenhyphenation
CL P. 5. 35. 39. 25UF hyphenation algorithmsBT hyphenation and
justificationNT ranked hyphenation
hyphenation algorithmsUSE hyphenation
hyphenation and justificationCL P. 5. 35. 39UF H&JBT <properties of layout >NT hyphenation
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 93
justificationline breakingtruncated setting
hyphenation dictionariesCL C. 27. 10. 53BT <representations of data >NT exception dictionary
hyphenation zonesCL V. 38. 62BT <positional elements >
hyphosCL V. 56. 80. 13. 29SN A hyphenated widowBT bad breaks
I/O devicesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5BT computer peripheralsNT computer terminals
input devicesoutput devices
I18NUSE internationalization
iconographic systemsCL C. 55. 25BT <visual symbol systems >
icons (computer systems)CL C. 55. 37BT <visual symbol systems >
icons (interface elements)CL V. 47. 44. 32BT <visual symbols >
ictusCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 49. 42BT <specific scansion marks >
ideogramsUSE logograms
ideographsUSE logograms
idiot filesCL W. 62. 40BT <created works by stage of
production >illuminated manuscripts
CL W. 42. 5. 5BT manuscripts (hand-
written works)illustrated books
CL W. 23. 19. 10. 54BT <books by content >
illustrated magazinesCL W. 16. 47BT <created works by con-
tents >illustration (activity)
CL A. 10. 27. 39SN The creation of illus-
trations (visual ele-ments)
BT <design and creation ac-tivities >
NT book illustrationscientific illustrationtechnical illustration
RT illustratorsillustrations (visual
elements)illustrations (visual elements)
CL V. 19. 21. 44BT <nontextual elements by
function >NT figures (illustrations)
plates (pages)RT illustration (activity)
illustratorsCL E. 3. 3. 42BT <people by occupation >RT illustration (activity)
image databasesCL C. 21. 20. 54BT databases
image file formatsUSE graphics file formats
imagesCL V. 19. 10. 43BT <nontextual elements by
form >NT computer generated
imagescontinuous-tone artgrayscale imagesraster imagesthumbnails
imagesettersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 43BT printing equipmentNT capstan imagesetters
impositionCL A. 10. 44. 36SN Arrangement of
printed pages for as-sembling into sig-natures
UF page impositionBT <production activities >RT signatures
ImpressionistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 43BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
imprintsCL V. 47. 44. 38BT <visual symbols >RT colophons
incipitsCL W. 10. 60BT <components of a created
work >Incise typefaces
CL C. 44. 74. 35. 49BT <typefaces by style >
incomeCL P. 3. 10. 49BT <financial concepts >NT royalties
income taxesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 71. 44BT taxes
incunabulaCL W. 23. 19. 41. 54UF incunabulumBT <books by production
process >incunabulum
USE incunabulaindent on point
CL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 40UF dropline paragraphsBT indents
indentationUSE indents
indentionUSE indents
indentsCL V. 10. 84. 5. 34UF indentation
indention
94 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
BT <whitespace by function >NT box indents
hanging indentsindent on pointparagraph indentsrelative indentsrunning indents
index (pointing hand)USE printer’s fist
indexesCL W. 10. 33. 60BT end matter
Indian Script Code for Infor-mation Interchange
USE ISCIIIndic numerals
USE Arabic-Indic digitsIndo-European languages
CL C. 79. 3. 3. 22BT <specific language fami-
lies >industrial design
CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 45BT design
industryUSE commerce
inferiorsUSE subscripts
infinity symbolCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 38BT <specific symbols >
information architectureCL A. 21. 75. 56. 4BT information scienceRT information design
information designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 54BT designRT information architec-
tureinformation graphics
CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 51. 5BT graphic arts
information literacyCL P. 5. 10. 26BT <measures of ability >
information scienceCL A. 21. 75. 56BT social sciences
NT information architec-ture
library scienceinformation systems
CL C. 32. 5BT <information processing
systems >information technology
CL A. 21. 44BT <disciplines >
initialsUSE versals
inkCL O. 5. 43BT materials
ink trapCL V. 47. 10. 48UF ink wellBT <character parts >
ink wellUSE ink trap
inkjet printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.
34. 49BT <printers by method >
inlineCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 20BT character styles
inline subheadUSE run-ins
inner capsCL P. 5. 44. 26. 43BT capitalization
inner marginsUSE inside margins
input devicesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43UF computer input devicesBT I/O devicesNT graphics tablets
keyboardsmicescanners
inscriptionsCL W. 23. 42SN Textual matter written
on an object otherthan a conventionalwriting surface
BT <created works by form >
NT epigraphsepitaphsgraffiti
inside marginsCL V. 38. 72. 34UF gutter margins
guttersinner marginsback margins
BT marginsinstallations
CL W. 23. 44BT <created works by form >NT kiosks
institutionsCL E. 5. 55BT organizationsNT foundationsRT schools
instructional guidesCL W. 16. 52BT <created works by con-
tents >instructional manuals
USE manualsInsular hand
CL C. 44. 40. 5. 52. 34BT manuscript hands
insuranceCL P. 3. 10. 33. 28BT expenses
intaglioCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52BT <printing methods >NT copperplate printing
engraving (printingprocess)
flat-plate gravurephotogravure
RT intaglio printsintaglio prints
CL W. 23. 73. 3. 38BT <prints by process >NT engravings (prints)
etchings (prints)RT intaglio
intellectual propertyCL P. 3. 22. 10. 34UF IP (intellectual prop-
erty)
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 95
BT <intellectual propertylaw >
interaction designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 62BT design
interactive mediaCL C. 15. 34BT <communication media >
intercharacter spaceCL P. 5. 35. 10. 30BT <properties of running
text >NT kerning
letterspacinginterline space
USE leadinginterlinear texts
CL W. 16. 56BT <created works by con-
tents >International Phonetic Alpha-bet
CL C. 44. 90. 437UF IPABT <specific writing sys-
tems >International System of Typo-graphic Picture Education
USE IsotypeInternational TypographicStyle
CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 27UF Swiss design
Swiss styleBT <mid– to late–twentieth
century styles >internationalization
CL A. 10. 27. 49UF I18NBT <design and creation ac-
tivities >Internet
CL C. 15. 36BT <communication media >
interviewing (hiring)CL A. 10. 67. 53. 5UF job interviewsBT hiring
interword spaceUSE word space
introductionsCL W. 10. 65BT <components of a created
work >inverted commas
USE single quotesinverted exclamation point
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 42BT <specific punctuation
characters >inverted question mark
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 46BT <specific punctuation
characters >invitations
CL W. 29. 14. 41BT <communicative works >NT wedding invitations
iota subscriptCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 44BT <specific accent marks >
IP (intellectual property)USE intellectual property
IPAUSE International Phonetic
AlphabetIron Age
CL S. 3. 40BT <styles by period >
ISCIICL C. 44. 20. 3. 34UF Indian Script Code for
Information Inter-change
BT <specific character sets >ISO 10646 UCS-2
USE UCS-2ISO 10646 UCS-4
USE UCS-4ISO 8859-1
USE ISO Latin-1ISO Latin-1
CL C. 44. 20. 3. 40UF ISO 8859-1BT <specific character sets >
ISO/IEC 10646USE UCS
IsotypeCL V. 47. 44. 40UF Isotype System
International System ofTypographic PictureEducation
BT <visual symbols >Isotype System
USE IsotypeItalian (style)
CL S. 5. 44. 47BT European
Italian RenaissanceCL S. 3. 70. 5BT Renaissance
italicsCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 28BT character styles
jacket blurbUSE jacket flap copy
jacket flap copyCL W. 10. 70UF blurb
jacket blurbBT <components of a created
work >RT book jacket
jacketsUSE book jacket
jaggiesUSE aliasing
Japanese (style)CL S. 5. 35. 5BT AsianNT Ukiyo-e
Japanese calligraphyCL C. 44. 40. 5. 14. 44BT calligraphyNT sho
Java (programming language)CL C. 32. 3. 60. 22BT programming lan-
guagesJIS
CL C. 44. 20. 3. 46BT <specific character sets >
96 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
job fontsCL C. 44. 74. 27. 53UF job typesBT <typefaces by function >
job interviewsUSE interviewing (hiring)
job trainingCL A. 10. 35. 37BT <education and train-
ing >RT employment
job typesUSE job fonts
joining em dashCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16.
17. 40UF joining em ruleBT em dash
joining em ruleUSE joining em dash
jointCL O. 3. 5. 21. 56BT <parts of a book >
joint venturesCL E. 5. 28. 37. 4BT business ventures
journalsCL W. 49. 6. 32BT periodicals
JPEG (file format)USE JPEG/JFIF (file for-
mat)Jugendstil
CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 46BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
jump linesCL V. 47. 35. 50UF carryover lineBT <textual elements by
function >junior colleges
CL L. 60. 10. 10. 3. 5BT colleges
junior high schoolsCL L. 60. 10. 55BT <schools by education
level >
justificationCL P. 5. 35. 39. 38BT hyphenation and
justificationNT linesettings
vertical justificationjustification zones
CL V. 38. 65BT <positional elements >
justifiedCL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 38UF fully justified
flush left and rightFL&R
BT linesettingsNT force-justified
kakemonoCL W. 23. 78. 6BT scrolls
kanaCL C. 44. 90. 462BT <specific writing sys-
tems >kanji
CL C. 44. 90. 464BT <specific writing sys-
tems >kappa number
CL P. 5. 64. 10. 4SN A measure of lignin
content in paperBT <measures of other
physical properties >katakana
CL C. 44. 90. 487BT <specific writing sys-
tems >keepsakes (books)
CL W. 29. 18. 32BT <documentary works >
kernCL V. 47. 10. 52BT <character parts >
kerningCL P. 5. 35. 10. 30. 4BT intercharacter spaceNT automatic kerning
manual kerningoptical kerning
keyboardingCL A. 10. 44. 40BT <production activities >
keyboardsCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 34BT input devices
keylinesCL V. 38. 69SN Outlines indicating the
position of materialto be placed later
BT <positional elements >keys
CL V. 19. 21. 50SN Lists of symbols (char-
acters) used in illus-trations (visualelements)
BT <nontextual elements byfunction >
kiosksCL W. 23. 44. 5BT installations
Klingon alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 489BT <specific writing sys-
tems >knockouts
CL V. 28. 34BT <page elements >
Korean (writing system)USE Hangul
Korean scriptUSE Hangul
krouzekUSE overring
L10NUSE localization
labelsCL W. 29. 14. 44UF tagsBT <communicative works >NT bookplates
labor costsUSE salaries
lachrymal terminalUSE teardrop terminal
laid paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 48BT <paper types by form >
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 97
laminationCL A. 44. 51. 35. 50BT finishing (production
process)language
CL C. 73SN The human capacity
for speech and re-lated acts (signing,writing, etc.)
RT linguisticslanguages
CL C. 79SN Mutually intelligible
systems of languageUF dialects
lectsNT <language groups >
<specific languages >RT linguistics
laptopsCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5. 56. 5UF portable computersBT personal computers
large format printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.
22. 4BT <printers by function >
large format scannersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74.
50BT scanners
large print booksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 43BT <books by form >
laser printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.
34. 60BT <printers by method >
Latin alphabetUSE Roman alphabet
Latin AmericanCL S. 5. 18. 21BT <styles of the Americas >
Latin typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 51BT <typefaces by style >
lawsCL P. 3. 22. 45BT <legal concepts >
layout (activity)CL A. 44. 51. 41UF page layout
mise-en-pageBT <production processes >RT layouts (works)
layouts (works)CL W. 62. 42BT <created works by stage of
production >RT layout (activity)
lcUSE lowercase letters
LCDCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 30UF liquid crystal displaysBT output devices
leadingCL P. 5. 35. 50UF baseline skip
interline spacelinefeed (measurement)line spacing
BT <properties of layout >leading scale
USE line gaugesleaf books
USE looseleaf bookslearning
CL A. 10. 35. 44BT <education and train-
ing >RT education (discipline)
leasesUSE rent
leasingUSE rent
lectsUSE languages
lecturesCL W. 36. 40BT <created works by genre >
left raggedUSE ragged left
left-to-right (writing direction)CL P. 5. 35. 10. 84. 45UF LTRBT writing direction
legal correspondenceCL W. 29. 14. 21. 60BT correspondence
legal noticesCL W. 29. 14. 15. 51BT announcements
legendsUSE captions
legends (stories)CL W. 36. 44BT <created works by genre >
legibilityCL P. 5. 35. 10. 37BT <properties of running
text >letterforms
CL V. 47. 44. 50BT <visual symbols >NT alternate characters
geometric letterformsornamented letterformssmall caps
RT type designletterhead
CL W. 29. 14. 46BT <communicative works >
letterpress printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 72. 4BT relief printingNT flexography
letters (characters)CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4UF alphabetic charactersBT alphanumeric charac-
tersNT <specific letters >
lowercase letterstitlecaseuppercase letters
letters (correspondence)CL W. 29. 14. 21. 69BT correspondence
letterspacingCL P. 5. 35. 10. 30. 6BT intercharacter space
lettrinesUSE versals
liabilitiesCL P. 3. 10. 10. 57BT <financial balance meas-
ures >
98 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
NT accounts payabledebts
librariesCL L. 41
library scienceCL A. 21. 75. 56. 6BT information science
librettosCL W. 16. 14. 33BT <musical and theatrical
works >licenses
CL P. 3. 22. 10. 46UF licensingBT <intellectual property
law >licensing
USE licensesligatures
CL V. 47. 44. 56BT <visual symbols >NT tied letters
lightCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 55UF lightfaceBT <type styles by weight >
lightfaceUSE light
limp vellumCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 82. 5BT vellum
line artCL V. 19. 10. 50BT <nontextual elements by
form >line breaking
CL P. 5. 35. 39. 51UF text wrapping
paragraph wrappingBT hyphenation and
justificationline gauges
CL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 29UF leading scaleBT <measuring instru-
ments >line graphs
CL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 52. 45BT graphs
line lengthUSE type measure
line spaceCL V. 10. 84. 5. 43UF white lineBT <whitespace by function >
line spacingUSE leading
linecastersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 80. 4BT typesetters (equipment)NT Linotype (typesetting
equipment)linefeed (measurement)
USE leadinglines (geometry)
CL V. 19. 10. 35. 46BT geometric figures
linesettingsCL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4BT justificationNT centered
justifiedragged
linguisticsCL A. 21. 75. 64BT social sciencesNT morphology (linguis-
tics)semioticssyntax
RT languagelanguages
lining numeralsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 3.
28UF ranging figures
capital figuresBT <numerals by form and
function >link (character parts)
CL V. 47. 10. 55BT <character parts >
Linotype (typesetting equip-ment)
CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 80. 4. 3UF Linotype systemBT linecasters
Linotype systemUSE Linotype (typesetting
equipment)Linux
USE GNU/Linux (software)linéale typefaces
CL C. 44. 74. 35. 55BT <typefaces by style >
liquid crystal displaysUSE LCD
lists of referencesUSE bibliographies
literacyCL P. 5. 10. 40BT <measures of ability >
literalsUSE typos
literary worksCL W. 36. 48BT <created works by genre >NT fiction
nonfictionpoetry
literatureCL A. 21. 32. 46BT humanities
lithographsCL W. 23. 73. 3. 57. 5BT planographic printsNT chromolithographs
photolithographszincographs
RT lithographylithography
CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66. 5BT planographic printingNT chromolithography
photolithographyscreenless lithography
RT lithographslittle presses
USE small pressesliturgical manuscripts
CL W. 29. 26. 44BT <religious works >
liturgical worksCL W. 29. 26. 50BT <religious works >
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 99
live matterCL W. 62. 44BT <created works by stage of
production >livres d’artistes
CL W. 23. 19. 30. 48BT <books by function >
loansUSE debts
localizationCL A. 10. 27. 60UF L10NBT <design and creation ac-
tivities >locking up
CL A. 10. 44. 78. 10. 40BT <component activities >
logicCL A. 21. 32. 61. 51BT philosophy
logogramsCL V. 47. 44. 62UF logographs
ideogramsideographs
BT <visual symbols >logographic writing systems
CL C. 44. 83. 58BT writing systems
logographsUSE logograms
logosCL V. 47. 44. 67SN Visual symbols used to
denote a company orother entity
BT <visual symbols >logosyllabaries
CL C. 44. 83. 66BT writing systems
logotypesCL V. 47. 44. 73BT <visual symbols >
longumCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 49. 58BT <specific scansion marks >
loop (character parts)CL V. 47. 10. 58BT <character parts >
loose bluesUSE bluelines
loose-leaf bindingCL O. 3. 5. 21. 11. 3. 32BT <bindings by form >
looseleaf booksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 51UF leaf booksBT <books by form >
loupesCL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 38SN magnifying lensBT <measuring instru-
ments >lower case letters
USE lowercase letterslowercase letters
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 40UF lc
lower case lettersminuscules
BT letters (characters)lozenge
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 20. 5BT diamond
LTRUSE left-to-right (writing
direction)luminosity
CL P. 5. 64. 30. 67BT <measures of visible
light >machine italics
CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 30. 49. 5UF slanted roman
slantedsloped roman
BT obliquemachine stamping
CL A. 44. 51. 35. 63BT finishing (production
process)machine unit
CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 56BT <relative measurements >
machine-coated paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 41. 5BT coated paper
machine-finished paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 52BT <paper types by form >
machine-glazed paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 57BT <paper types by form >
machinesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 36BT equipment
MacRomanCL C. 44. 20. 3. 52BT <specific character sets >
macronCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 56BT <specific accent marks >
macrosCL C. 27. 62. 4. 54BT <software by function >
magazinesCL W. 49. 6. 46BT periodicals
Magic RealistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 32BT <mid– to late–twentieth
century styles >magnetic tape
CL C. 21. 44. 10. 6BT <magnetic storage me-
dia >mail order catalogs
CL W. 29. 14. 18. 47BT catalogs
main strokeUSE stem
main textCL W. 10. 75BT <components of a created
work >mainframe computers
CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5. 29BT computers
majusculesUSE uppercase letters
makeupUSE page makeup
malpracticeCL P. 3. 22. 70BT <legal concepts >
100 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
Manchu alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 500BT <specific writing sys-
tems >Mandaic script
CL C. 44. 90. 512BT <specific writing sys-
tems >manifestoes
CL W. 55. 6BT <created works by social
context >Manuaire typefaces
CL C. 44. 74. 35. 57BT <typefaces by style >
manual kerningCL P. 5. 35. 10. 30. 4. 5BT kerning
manualsCL W. 29. 14. 49UF instructional manualsBT <communicative works >NT do-it-yourself manuals
personnel manualstechnical manualsuser manuals
manuscript handsCL C. 44. 40. 5. 52BT handwriting stylesNT chancery hand
half-uncialInsular handprinter’s handuncial
manuscripts (handwrittenworks)
CL W. 42. 5SN Hand-written textual
worksUF MS
MSSBT <created works by means
of production >NT illuminated manu-
scriptsmanuscripts (unedited works)
CL W. 62. 47BT <created works by stage of
production >
mapsCL W. 29. 10. 5UF cartographyBT <cartographic works >NT topographic maps
tourist mapstransportation mapsweather maps
marbled paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 5. 32. 5BT decorative paper
margin kerningUSE character protrusion
marginal notesCL V. 28. 39. 5UF side notesBT marginalia
marginaliaCL V. 28. 39BT <page elements >NT marginal notes
marginsCL V. 38. 72BT <positional elements >NT bottom margins
inside marginsoutside marginsrunaroundstop margins
mark-up (printing)CL V. 47. 64BT <textual elements >NT proof correction marks
type mark-upmarkers
CL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 42UF felt-tip markersBT <marking instruments >
marketingCL A. 10. 10. 3. 39BT business practices
marketsCL A. 10. 56. 5BT commerce
markup languagesCL C. 32. 3. 40UF generic markupBT computer languagesNT HTML
SGMLXHTML
XMLmary
USE emmass media
CL C. 15. 57BT <communication media >
master proofsCL W. 62. 50BT <created works by stage of
production >mastheads
CL V. 28. 43BT <page elements >
matchbooksCL W. 23. 47BT <created works by form >
materialsCL O. 5NT dyes
inkpaints
mathematical equationsCL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 67UF equationsBT <figures by function >
mathematical typesettingCL A. 10. 44. 78. 21. 57BT <typesetting by applica-
tion >matra
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 59BT <specific accent marks >
matrices (type)USE matrix (type)
matrix (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 51UF matrices (type)BT <parts of a unit of type >
Mayan glyphsCL C. 44. 90. 525BT <specific writing sys-
tems >mean line
CL V. 47. 18. 67BT <text line elements >
measure (line length)USE type measure
measuresCL P. 5. 64UF units
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 101
BT <properties >NT <measures of other
physical properties ><measures of quality ><measures of visible
light ><ratios >dimensions
mechanicalsCL W. 62. 53BT <created works by stage of
production >media conversion
CL C. 49. 55BT <transformations of in-
formation >media literacy
CL P. 5. 10. 52BT <measures of ability >
mediaevalUSE Middle Ages
medievalUSE Middle Ages
MediterraneanCL S. 5. 52BT <styles by region >
memoUSE memoranda
memoirsCL W. 36. 53BT <created works by genre >
memorandaCL W. 29. 14. 52UF memos
memoBT <communicative works >
memory cardsCL C. 21. 44. 22. 5BT <solid state storage me-
dia >memory devices
CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 47BT data storage devicesNT RAM
memosUSE memoranda
menus (dining)CL W. 29. 14. 54BT <communicative works >NT wine lists
menus (software)CL V. 47. 35. 55UF pull-down menusBT <textual elements by
function >NT pop-up menus
metal cast typeUSE metal type
metal compositionCL A. 10. 44. 78. 32. 47BT <typesetting by medium >NT hot metal composition
metal typeCL O. 3. 5. 77. 22. 41UF metal cast type
cast typeBT <type by form >
metaphysicsCL A. 21. 32. 61. 61BT philosophy
mezzotintsCL W. 23. 73. 3. 38. 4. 5BT engravings (prints)
miceCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 47UF mouseBT input devices
microcomputersUSE personal computers
microdensitometersCL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 47SN device to measure print
qualityBT <measuring instru-
ments >mid space
CL V. 10. 84. 3. 51UF middle spaceBT <whitespace by dimen-
sions >Middle Ages
CL S. 3. 80UF medieval
mediaevalBT <styles by period >
middle schoolsCL L. 60. 10. 68BT <schools by education
level >
middle spaceUSE mid space
MIME typesCL C. 27. 10. 55BT <representations of data >
miniature booksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 59BT <books by form >
minicomputersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5. 41BT computers
minus leadingUSE negative leading
minus letterspacingUSE negative letterspacing
minusculesUSE lowercase letters
mise-en-pageUSE layout (activity)
MkhedruliCL C. 44. 90. 537BT <specific writing sys-
tems >Modern
CL S. 3. 90BT <styles by period >NT <nineteenth and twenti-
eth century styles ><pre-nineteenth century
styles >modern typefaces
CL C. 44. 74. 35. 62BT <typefaces by style >
ModernistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 48BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
modulationCL P. 5. 44. 10. 51BT <properties of typefaces >RT typefaces
moduleCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 68BT <relative measurements >
Moiré effectCL V. 56. 28BT <visual artifacts >
102 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
mollyUSE em
moneyCL W. 29. 34. 5UF currencyBT <works of exchange >NT bills (currency)
coinsMongolian alphabet
CL C. 44. 90. 550BT <specific writing sys-
tems >monitors
USE computer displaysmonochrome printers
USE black and white print-ers
monogramsCL V. 47. 27. 47BT <textual elements by
form >monographs
CL W. 29. 14. 57BT <communicative works >
monoline typefacesUSE unmodulated typefaces
monospaced typefacesUSE fixed-width typefaces
Monotype (typesetting equip-ment)
CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 80. 6BT typesetters (equipment)
morphology (linguistics)CL A. 21. 75. 64. 50BT linguistics
mortgagesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 36BT expenses
motion picturesCL W. 23. 49UF movies
films (cinema)BT <created works by form >RT film (performing arts)
mouseUSE mice
movable typeUSE moveable type
moveable typeCL O. 3. 5. 77. 22. 53UF movable typeBT <type by form >
movie creditsUSE film titles
movie titlesUSE film titles
moviesUSE motion pictures
MSUSE manuscripts (hand-
written works)MSS
USE manuscripts (hand-written works)
multibyte character setsCL C. 44. 20. 5BT character sets
multicolored typeCL P. 5. 81. 60BT type effects
multilingual textsCL W. 16. 61UF bilingual textsBT <created works by con-
tents >multimedia
CL W. 23. 52BT <created works by form >
Multiple Master fontsCL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 10BT <digital fonts by format >
museum catalogsCL W. 29. 14. 18. 55BT catalogs
museumsCL L. 52
musicCL A. 21. 32. 12. 5. 47BT performing arts
musical typesettingCL A. 10. 44. 78. 21. 68BT <typesetting by applica-
tion >
muttonUSE em
mysteriesCL W. 36. 48. 25. 36BT fiction
Mécane typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 59BT <typefaces by style >
Nabatean scriptCL C. 44. 90. 562BT <specific writing sys-
tems >Nagari
CL C. 44. 90. 575BT <specific writing sys-
tems >nasal hook
USE ogonekNative American languages
CL C. 79. 3. 5. 22BT <specific language
groups >navbars
USE navigation barsnavigation bars
CL V. 47. 35. 60UF navbarsBT <textual elements by
function >Near Eastern
CL S. 5. 61BT <styles by region >NT Persian
negative leadingCL V. 10. 25UF reverse leading
minus leadingBT <dimensional elements >
negative letterspacingCL V. 10. 32UF minus letterspacing
whitespace reductionWSR
BT <dimensional elements >negotiations
CL A. 10. 10. 3. 46BT business practices
nekudotCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 63BT <specific accent marks >
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 103
Neo-RomanticistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 54BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
NeoclassicalCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 51BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
neogrotesque typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 64BT <typefaces by style >
neohumanist typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 66BT <typefaces by style >
New Typography movementCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 36BT <mid– to late–twentieth
century styles >newsletters
CL W. 29. 14. 60BT <communicative works >
newspapersCL W. 49. 6. 61BT periodicals
nick (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 58BT <parts of a unit of type >
no-break spaceUSE non-breaking space
no-break textCL V. 47. 27. 58BT <textual elements by
form >RT breaks
Non Uniform Rational B-splines
USE nurbsnon-breaking hyphen
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16.53
BT dashnon-breaking space
CL V. 10. 84. 5. 83. 5UF hard space
no-break spaceBT word space
non-profit corporationsCL E. 5. 28. 51. 5. 6BT corporations
nonfictionCL W. 36. 48. 49BT literary worksNT biographies
traveloguesnonphoto blue
USE nonrepro bluenonranging figures
USE oldstyle numeralsnonrepro blue
CL P. 5. 27. 3. 10. 37UF nonphoto blueBT <color by function >
normalization formsCL C. 49. 65BT <transformations of in-
formation >RT Unicode
North AfricanCL S. 5. 27. 3BT African
North AmericanCL S. 5. 18. 32BT <styles of the Americas >
North Semitic alphabetsCL C. 44. 90. 600BT <specific writing sys-
tems >novels
CL W. 36. 57BT <created works by genre >
number signUSE hash mark
numeral signUSE hash mark
numeralsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6UF figures (numerals)
digitsBT alphanumeric charac-
tersNT Arabic-Indic digits
Arabic numeralsRoman numerals
nurbsCL V. 19. 44. 65. 49UF Non Uniform Rational
B-splinesBT splines
nursery rhymesCL W. 36. 62BT <created works by genre >
Nushu (writing system)CL C. 44. 90. 612BT <specific writing sys-
tems >nut
USE ennut fractions
USE horizontal fractionsN’ko alphabet
CL C. 44. 90. 587BT <specific writing sys-
tems >oblique
CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 30. 49BT <type styles by inclina-
tion >NT machine italics
OCRCL A. 44. 20. 4. 10UF optical character recog-
nitionBT digitization
octagonsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 52BT <geometric plane figures >
octothorpUSE hash mark
odd sortsUSE pi characters
office suppliesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 66. 6BT supplies
official documentsCL W. 29. 18. 50BT <documentary works >NT certificates
decreespassports
104 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
offset photolithographyUSE offset printing
offset printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66. 5. 52.
6UF offset photolithographyBT photolithography
oghamCL C. 44. 90. 641BT <specific writing sys-
tems >ogonek
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 67UF hook (accent mark)
nasal hookPolish hook
BT <specific accent marks >oil paints
CL O. 5. 63. 50BT paints
Old Church Slavonic alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 643BT <specific writing sys-
tems >Old English typefaces
USE blackletterOld Italic alphabet
CL C. 44. 90. 650BT <specific writing sys-
tems >Old Permic alphabet
CL C. 44. 90. 662BT <specific writing sys-
tems >old-style typefaces
USE oldstyle typefacesoldstyle numerals
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 3.43
UF nonranging figuresBT <numerals by form and
function >oldstyle typefaces
CL C. 44. 74. 35. 69UF old-style typefacesBT <typefaces by style >
on-demand printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.
22. 6BT <printers by function >
on-demand printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 66UF print on demandBT printing
on-line fractionsUSE solidus fractions
one-up proofsCL W. 62. 57BT <created works by stage of
production >Op art
CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 41BT <mid– to late–twentieth
century styles >open spacing
CL P. 5. 35. 10. 45BT <properties of running
text >OpenType fonts
CL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 21BT <digital fonts by format >
opera (performing arts)CL A. 21. 32. 12. 5. 59BT performing arts
operating systemsCL C. 27. 62. 4. 63UF OSBT <software by function >
operatorsUSE typesetters (people)
optical alignmentCL P. 5. 35. 55UF optical justification
visual alignmentBT <properties of layout >RT optical
optical character recognitionUSE OCR
optical drivesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 59BT data storage devicesNT CD-ROM drives
DVD drivesoptical justification
USE optical alignmentoptical kerning
CL P. 5. 35. 10. 30. 4. 7UF optical letterspacingBT kerning
optical letterspacingUSE optical kerning
optical storage mediaCL C. 21. 44. 62BT data storage mediaNT CD-ROMs
DVDsordinals
CL C. 44. 13. 10. 75. 38BT second-order characters
org chartsUSE organizational charts
organizational chartsCL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 14. 5UF org chartsBT charts
organizationsCL E. 5NT associations
businessesinstitutions
Orientale typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 71BT <typefaces by style >
OrkhonCL C. 44. 90. 675UF Hungarian runesBT <specific writing sys-
tems >ornamented letterforms
CL V. 47. 44. 50. 55BT letterforms
ornamentsCL V. 19. 21. 24. 69BT decorative elementsNT flourishes
orphans (typesetting)CL V. 56. 80. 13. 50BT bad breaks
orthographyCL C. 44. 53BT <representations of lan-
guage >RT writing systems
OSUSE operating systems
Osmanya alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 687UF Far Soomaali
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 105
BT <specific writing sys-tems >
outlineCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 40BT character styles
outline fontsCL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 3. 6UF vector fonts
scalable fontsBT <digital fonts by form >
output devicesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62UF computer output de-
vicesBT I/O devicesNT computer displays
CRTLCDplottersprinters (computer pe-
ripherals)output resolution
CL P. 5. 18. 6. 6BT resolution
outside marginsCL V. 38. 72. 49UF face margins
thumb marginsBT margins
ovalsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 58BT <geometric plane figures >
overdotUSE dot above
overheadCL P. 3. 10. 33. 43BT expenses
overprintingCL A. 10. 44. 45BT <production activities >
overringCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 70UF krouzekBT <specific accent marks >
overstrikeCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 49UF strike-through
strikeoutoverstruck
BT character styles
overstruckUSE overstrike
oxeiaCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 59BT <specific accent marks >
P&LUSE profit and loss state-
mentspackage design
CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35. 44BT graphic designRT packaging
packagesCL W. 23. 54BT <created works by form >
packagingCL W. 29. 75BT <created works by func-
tion >NT primersRT package design
page description languagesCL C. 32. 3. 50UF PDLBT computer languagesNT PostScript
page gridsUSE grids
page impositionUSE imposition
page layoutUSE layout (activity)
page makeupCL A. 10. 44. 78. 10. 55UF makeupBT <component activities >
page numbersCL V. 28. 49UF folios (typography)BT <page elements >NT blind folios
bouncing foliosdrop foliosfixed foliosfoot foliosside folios
RT paginationpage proofs
CL W. 62. 67. 52BT proofs
paginationCL A. 44. 51. 47BT <production processes >RT page numbers
paintsCL O. 5. 63BT materialsNT acrylic paints
oil paintswatercolors
paleographyCL A. 21. 32. 32. 55BT history
paletteCL P. 5. 27. 3. 80BT color (chromaticity)
palette knivesCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 49BT <marking instruments >
palimpsestsCL W. 23. 56BT <created works by form >
pamphletsCL W. 23. 59BT <created works by form >
PANOSE classificationUSE PANOSE Typeface
Matching System(tm)
PANOSE Typeface MatchingSystem (tm)
CL C. 44. 74. 72. 41UF PANOSE classificationBT typeface classifications
pantographsCL O. 3. 5. 10. 44. 6BT <recording instruments >
PantoneCL P. 5. 27. 3. 56. 41BT color spaces
paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58BT surfacesNT <paper folds >
<paper products ><paper properties ><paper types ><quantities of paper >
paperbacksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 68BT <books by form >
106 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
NT trade paperbackspaperboard
CL O. 3. 3. 73. 66BT surfaces
papyrologyCL A. 21. 32. 32. 67BT history
parablesCL W. 36. 66BT <created works by genre >
parabolasCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 63BT <geometric plane figures >
paragraph attributesUSE paragraph styles
paragraph indentsCL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 54UF first-line indentBT indents
paragraph markUSE pilcrow
paragraph stylesCL P. 5. 44. 56UF paragraph attributesBT <properties of text >
paragraph wrappingUSE line breaking
paragraphsCL V. 47. 35. 56BT <textual elements by
function >parallel texts
CL W. 16. 66BT <created works by con-
tents >parallelograms
CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 43. 39BT quadrilaterals
parallelsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 55BT <specific symbols >
parchmentCL O. 3. 3. 73. 75BT surfaces
parensUSE parentheses
parenthesesCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 61UF parens
BT <specific punctuationcharacters >
part titlesCL W. 10. 53. 60BT front matter
Parthian scriptCL C. 44. 90. 700BT <specific writing sys-
tems >partnerships
CL E. 5. 28. 37. 6BT business ventures
passportsCL W. 29. 18. 50. 63BT official documents
pasteupCL A. 10. 44. 78. 10. 67BT <component activities >RT boards (typesetting)
patchesUSE strip-in corrections
patentsCL P. 3. 22. 10. 60BT <intellectual property
law >paths (computer graphics)
CL V. 19. 44. 39BT <parts of nontextual ele-
ments >patterns
CL V. 19. 10. 59BT <nontextual elements by
form >PC
USE personal computersPDL
USE page description lan-guages
PEUSE printer’s errors
pedigreesCL W. 29. 22. 63BT <genealogical works >
penalty copyCL W. 62. 60UF bad copyBT <created works by stage of
production >
pencilsCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 55BT <marking instruments >
penmanshipUSE handwriting
pensCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 61BT <marking instruments >NT quill pens
pensionsCL A. 10. 10. 5. 79BT financial practices
pentagonsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 69BT <geometric plane figures >
percent signCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 65BT <specific punctuation
characters >perceptual rendering
CL A. 44. 51. 10. 42. 52BT color rendering
perfect bindingCL O. 3. 5. 21. 11. 3. 45BT <bindings by form >
performing artsCL A. 21. 32. 12. 5BT artsNT dance
film (performing arts)musicopera (performing arts)theater (performing
arts)period
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 68SN In American usage, re-
fers to the hashmark.
UF full stopBT <specific punctuation
characters >periodicals
CL W. 49. 6BT <created works by publi-
cation >NT journals
magazinesnewspapers
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 107
perispomeneCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 71BT <specific accent marks >
PerlCL C. 32. 3. 60. 34BT programming lan-
guagesPersian
CL S. 5. 61. 3BT Near Eastern
Persian scriptCL C. 44. 90. 712BT <specific writing sys-
tems >personal computers
CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5. 56UF PC
microcomputersBT computersNT desktop computers
laptopspersonnel manuals
CL W. 29. 14. 49. 45UF employee manualsBT manuals
phenomenologyCL A. 21. 32. 61. 73BT philosophy
philosophyCL A. 21. 32. 61BT humanitiesNT epistemology
estheticsethicslogicmetaphysicsphenomenology
Phoenician alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 725BT <specific writing sys-
tems >phonetic alphabets
CL C. 44. 83. 25. 52BT <writing systems by
function >RT phonetic symbols
phonetic symbolsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 6BT symbols (characters)RT phonetic alphabets
photo-mechanical transferCL A. 44. 51. 52. 6UF PMTBT photographic processes
photoaquatintCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 68. 5BT photogravure
photocompositionUSE phototypesetting
photographersCL E. 3. 3. 50BT <people by occupation >RT photography
photographsphotographic fonts
CL C. 44. 74. 18. 52UF filmstrip fontsBT <typefaces by construc-
tion >photographic processes
CL A. 44. 51. 52BT <production processes >NT daguerreotype
photo-mechanicaltransfer
photographsCL W. 23. 61BT <created works by form >NT slidesRT photography
photographersphotography
CL A. 10. 27. 73BT <design and creation ac-
tivities >NT cinematography
digital photographyvideography
RT photographersphotographs
photogravureCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 68UF heliogravure
gravureBT intaglioNT photoaquatint
rotogravurephotolithographs
CL W. 23. 73. 3. 57. 5. 52BT lithographsRT photolithography
photolithographyCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66. 5. 52BT lithographyNT offset printingRT photolithographs
photomechanical printingprocesses
CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 60BT <printing methods >NT collotype
photomontageCL W. 23. 64BT <created works by form >
PhotorealistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 45BT <mid– to late–twentieth
century styles >phototypes
CL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 62. 6SN Printing plates pro-
duced by a photo-graphic process
BT printing platesphototypesetting
CL A. 10. 44. 78. 32. 64UF photocomposition
filmsettingBT <typesetting by medium >
pi charactersCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 40UF pi sorts
special sortsodd sorts
BT analphabetic charactersRT pi fonts
pi fontsCL C. 44. 74. 27. 64BT <typefaces by function >RT pi characters
pi sortsUSE pi characters
pica (type dimensions)CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 54BT <type dimensions >
108 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
pica poleUSE type gauges
pica ruleUSE type gauges
pica stickUSE type gauges
pictogramsUSE pictographs
pictographsCL C. 55. 57UF pictogramsBT <visual symbol systems >
PictorialistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 57BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
pictorialsCL W. 23. 66BT <created works by form >
picture booksCL W. 23. 19. 10. 29. 6UF children’s picture booksBT children’s books
picture dictionariesCL W. 29. 14. 24. 6BT dictionaries
pie chartsCL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 14. 7UF pie graphsBT charts
pie graphsUSE pie charts
piece fractionsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5.
64BT fractions
pilcrowCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 71UF paragraph markBT <specific punctuation
characters >pilgrimage handbooks
CL W. 29. 26. 59BT <religious works >
pin markCL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 66BT <parts of a unit of type >
pinyinCL C. 49. 80. 53BT transliteration
pixelsCL V. 19. 44. 50BT <parts of nontextual ele-
ments >pixels per inch
CL P. 5. 64. 59. 61UF PPIBT dimensions
plain textCL C. 44. 65. 5BT text
plain-paper proofsCL W. 62. 64BT <created works by stage of
production >Plakatstil
CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 60BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
planes (geometry)CL V. 19. 10. 35. 61BT geometric figures
planographic printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66BT <printing methods >NT lithographyRT planographic prints
planographic printsCL W. 23. 73. 3. 57BT <prints by process >NT lithographsRT planographic printing
platemakingCL A. 10. 44. 54BT <production activities >RT printing plates
plates (pages)CL V. 19. 21. 44. 6BT illustrations (visual
elements)playbills
CL W. 29. 14. 15. 68BT announcements
playscriptsCL W. 36. 80. 5BT scripts (created works)
plottersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 61BT output devices
plug-insCL C. 27. 62. 4. 71BT <software by function >
pochoirCL A. 44. 51. 80. 6BT stenciling
poemsUSE poetry
poetryCL W. 36. 48. 65UF poemsBT literary worksNT concrete poetry
poetry ellipsisCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 60BT <specific punctuation
characters >point
CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 59BT <type dimensions >NT American point
Anglo-American pointDidot pointsPostScript pointprinter’s point
point sizeUSE type size
pointing handUSE printer’s fist
points of suspensionUSE ellipsis
Polish hookUSE ogonek
political postersCL W. 23. 68. 41BT posters
polygonsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75BT <geometric plane figures >NT quadrilaterals
trapezoidstriangles
polyhedraCL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 61BT <geometric solids >NT cubes
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 109
pyramids (geometricfigures)
tetrahedronsPop Art
CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 50BT <mid– to late–twentieth
century styles >pop caps
USE elevated capspop-up menus
CL V. 47. 35. 55. 60BT menus (software)
portable computersUSE laptops
Portable Document FormatUSE PDF (file format)
Portable Net GraphicsUSE PNG (file format)
Portable Network GraphicsUSE PNG (file format)
position printsCL V. 19. 21. 58SN placeholder for a
graphicUF FPO
for position onlyBT <nontextual elements by
function >Post-Impressionist
CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 62BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
post-pressCL A. 10. 44. 58BT <production activities >
postageUSE shipping expenses
postage stampsCL W. 29. 34. 7UF stamps (postage)BT <works of exchange >
posterizationCL V. 56. 55BT <visual artifacts >
postersCL W. 23. 68BT <created works by form >NT political posters
propaganda posters
war postersPostmodern
CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 54BT <mid– to late–twentieth
century styles >PostScript
CL C. 32. 3. 50. 3BT page description lan-
guagesNT Display PostScript
EPSPostScript fonts
CL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 32BT <digital fonts by format >NT Type 1 fonts
Type 3 fontsPostScript point
CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 59. 41BT point
pound sterling signCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 16. 66BT currency symbols
PPIUSE pixels per inch
PQUSE printer’s query
PRUSE public relations
pragmaticsCL A. 21. 75. 64. 74. 5BT semiotics
Pre-ColumbianCL S. 3. 20BT <styles by period >
pre-pressCL A. 44. 51. 57BT <production processes >
prefacesCL W. 10. 53. 66BT front matter
preflightingCL A. 10. 44. 61SN Checking works for
problems beforeprinting them
BT <production activities >prehistoric
CL S. 3. 15BT <styles by period >
preliminariesUSE front matter
prelimsUSE front matter
presentationsCL W. 23. 71BT <created works by form >
press kitsCL W. 29. 14. 66BT <communicative works >
press releasesCL W. 29. 14. 68BT <communicative works >
press typeUSE press-on lettering
press-on letteringCL C. 44. 74. 18. 66UF press type
transfer letteringrub-down letters
BT <typefaces by construc-tion >
pressbooksCL W. 29. 14. 63BT <communicative works >
pressesCL E. 5. 28. 10. 43BT <businesses by function >NT commercial printers
fine pressessmall pressesuniversity presses
pressworkCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 72. 6BT relief printingNT fine presswork
price estimatesCL A. 10. 10. 3. 53UF estimates
price quotesBT business practicesRT prices
price listsCL W. 16. 71BT <created works by con-
tents >
110 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
price quotesUSE price estimates
pricesCL P. 3. 10. 59UF fees
pricingBT <financial concepts >RT billing
price estimatespricing
USE pricesprimary letters
CL C. 44. 13. 10. 62BT <characters by form >
primeCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 64BT <specific symbols >
primersCL W. 29. 75. 6BT packaging
PrimitivistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 65BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
print on demandUSE on-demand printing
print qualityCL P. 5. 64. 20. 5BT <measures of quality >RT quality control
print shopsCL E. 5. 28. 10. 57BT <businesses by function >
printers (businesses)CL E. 5. 28. 10. 50BT <businesses by function >RT printing
printers (computer peripherals)CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72BT output devicesNT <printers by chromatic-
ity ><printers by function ><printers by method >
printers (people)CL E. 3. 3. 59BT <people by occupation >RT printing
printer’s devicesUSE printer’s marks
printer’s devilsCL E. 3. 3. 55BT <people by occupation >
printer’s emblemsUSE printer’s marks
printer’s errorsCL W. 62. 10. 59UF PEBT alterations
printer’s fistCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 68UF pointing hand
index (pointing hand)BT <specific symbols >
printer’s flowersUSE fleurons
printer’s handCL C. 44. 40. 5. 52. 62BT manuscript hands
printer’s marksCL V. 19. 21. 64UF printer’s emblems
printer’s devicesBT <nontextual elements by
function >printer’s ornaments
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 51UF type ornamentsBT analphabetic charactersNT dingbats
fleuronsprinter’s point
CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 59. 72BT point
printer’s queryCL V. 19. 21. 70. 6UF PQBT proofmarks
printingCL A. 44. 51. 61BT <production processes >NT <printing methods >
craft printingfine printingon-demand printing
RT printers (people)printers (businesses)
printing (handwriting)CL C. 44. 40. 5. 69BT handwriting stylesNT block printing (hand-
writing)printing artifacts
USE printing flawsprinting equipment
CL O. 3. 5. 44. 51SN Equipment used in
printing, with the ex-ception of printersthat are normallyused as computerperipherals, forwhich see printers(computer peripher-als)
BT equipmentNT digital prooofers
electrophotographicprinters
imagesettersprinting platesprinting presses
printing flawsCL V. 56. 65UF printing artifactsBT <visual artifacts >NT broken type
doubling (printingflaws)
dropouts (printingflaws)
ghostinghickeys (printing flaws)scumming (printing
flaws)slurring (printing flaws)
printing paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 5. 66BT <paper types by function >
printing platesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 62BT printing equipmentNT phototypesRT platemaking
printing pressesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 72BT printing equipment
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 111
printmakersCL E. 3. 3. 64BT <people by occupation >RT printmaking
printsprintmaking
CL A. 44. 51. 66SN The production of
printsBT <production processes >RT printmakers
printsprints
CL W. 23. 73BT <created works by form >NT <prints by process >RT printmaking
printmakersPrivate Press Movement
CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 68BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
private schoolsCL L. 60. 22. 5BT <schools by ownership >
process colorCL P. 5. 27. 3. 10. 54BT <color by function >
production techniquesCL A. 44. 51. 70BT <production processes >
professional associationsCL E. 5. 13. 3. 65UF professional organiza-
tionsBT <associations by func-
tion >professional certification pro-grams
CL A. 10. 35. 53BT <education and train-
ing >professional conferences
CL A. 32. 39. 6BT conferences
professional developmentCL A. 10. 35. 60BT <education and train-
ing >
professional educationCL A. 10. 35. 67UF professional trainingBT <education and train-
ing >RT education (discipline)
professional organizationsUSE professional associa-
tionsprofessional training
USE professional educationprofit and loss statements
CL A. 10. 10. 5. 54. 66UF P&LBT financial reports
profitsCL P. 3. 10. 69BT <financial concepts >
programmed textbooksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 73. 6BT textbooks
programming languagesCL C. 32. 3. 60BT computer languagesNT Applescript
Java (programminglanguage)
Perlproject management
CL A. 10. 10. 3. 64BT business practices
promotionCL A. 10. 67. 72UF advancementBT employment
proof correction marksCL V. 47. 64. 5BT mark-up (printing)RT proofreading
proofmarksCL V. 19. 21. 70UF proofreader’s marks
proofreading marksBT <nontextual elements by
function >NT printer’s queryRT alterations
proofreadersCL E. 3. 3. 69BT <people by occupation >RT proofreading
proofreader’s marksUSE proofmarks
proofreadingCL A. 44. 41. 6BT <editing processes >RT typos
proofreadersproof correction marks
proofreading marksUSE proofmarks
proofsCL W. 62. 67BT <created works by stage of
production >NT boards (typesetting)
color proofsfirst proofsfoul copygalley proofshigh-resolution proofspage proofsremarque proofsrevised proofssecond revised proofssoft proofs
propagandaCL W. 29. 14. 71BT <communicative works >
propaganda postersCL W. 23. 68. 54BT posters
proportional typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 44. 47BT <typefaces by visual
form >proposals
CL W. 29. 14. 73BT <communicative works >
prospectusesCL W. 29. 14. 76BT <communicative works >
protest signsCL W. 23. 83. 54BT signs
proverbsCL W. 36. 71BT <created works by genre >
Psalter scriptCL C. 44. 90. 737BT <specific writing sys-
tems >
112 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
psiliCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 24. 6UF smooth breathing
spiritus lenisBT breathing marks
PsychedelicCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 58BT <mid– to late–twentieth
century styles >public relations
CL A. 21. 75. 26. 67UF PRBT communications (disci-
pline)public schools
CL L. 60. 22. 7BT <schools by ownership >
publishersCL E. 5. 28. 10. 65BT <businesses by function >NT commercial publishers
publishers’ catalogsCL W. 29. 14. 18. 65BT catalogs
publishingCL A. 10. 18. 5BT <communication activi-
ties >NT scientific publishing
technical publishingpull quotes
CL V. 47. 35. 61. 3. 6SN Small block quotations
set in a large fontBT block quotations
pull-down menusUSE menus (software)
punchcuttersCL E. 3. 3. 74BT <people by occupation >
punchcuttingCL A. 10. 44. 65SN The process of creating
type (objects) fromtype designs
BT <production activities >NT digital punchcuttingRT type (objects)
punctuating em dashCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16.
17. 72BT em dash
punctuationCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62BT analphabetic charactersNT <specific punctuation
characters >RT hanging punctuation
PunkCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 63BT <mid– to late–twentieth
century styles >pyramids (geometric figures)
CL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 61. 55BT polyhedra
quadCL V. 10. 84. 3. 62UF quadratBT <whitespace by dimen-
sions >quadrat
USE quadquadratic splines
CL V. 19. 44. 65. 67BT splines
quadrilateralsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 43BT polygonsNT parallelograms
rectanglesrhombuses
quaint charactersUSE tied letters
quality controlCL A. 10. 44. 69BT <production activities >RT print quality
quantitative informationUSE statistics
queryUSE question mark
question markCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 75UF queryBT <specific punctuation
characters >
questionnairesCL W. 29. 14. 79BT <communicative works >
quill pensCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 61. 6BT pens
quiresCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 51. 5BT <quantities of paper >
quoinsCL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 47BT typesetting equipment
quotation marksCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79UF quote marksBT <specific punctuation
characters >NT <quotation marks by
form ><quotation marks by
function >quotations
CL V. 47. 35. 61BT <textual elements by
function >NT block quotations
quote marksUSE quotation marks
Qur’anCL W. 29. 26. 68. 3. 32BT <specific sacred texts >
rag paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 63BT <paper types by form >
raggedCL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 70UF unjustifiedBT linesettingsNT ragged left
ragged rightwild rag
ragged leftCL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 70. 43UF left ragged
ranged leftflush rightFR
BT raggedragged right
CL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 70. 55UF right ragged
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 113
ranged rightRRflush leftFL
BT raggedrailroad maps
CL W. 29. 10. 5. 65. 48BT transportation maps
railroad schedulesCL W. 16. 10. 6. 7. 6BT transportation sched-
ulesraised initial
USE elevated capsRAM
CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 47. 3UF random-access memoryBT memory devices
random-access memoryUSE RAM
range kerningUSE tracking
ranged leftUSE ragged left
ranged rightUSE ragged right
ranging figuresUSE lining numerals
ranked hyphenationCL P. 5. 35. 39. 25. 6BT hyphenation
rare booksCL W. 23. 19. 51. 6BT <books by social context >
raster imagesCL V. 19. 10. 43. 63BT images
rasterizationCL A. 10. 44. 73SN The process of creating
raster imagesUF renderingBT <production activities >
readabilityCL P. 5. 35. 10. 54BT <properties of running
text >readers (books)
CL W. 23. 19. 30. 56BT <books by function >
RealistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 71BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
realist typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 76BT <typefaces by style >
reamsCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 51. 7BT <quantities of paper >
rebusCL V. 47. 44. 82BT <visual symbols >
recipe booksUSE cookbooks
recipesCL W. 16. 76BT <created works by con-
tents >RT cookbooks
record coversCL W. 23. 75BT <created works by form >
rectanglesCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 43. 56BT quadrilateralsNT squares
rectoCL V. 28. 55BT <page elements >
recycled paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 67BT <paper types by form >
red, green, blueUSE RGB
reference booksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 61BT <books by function >
reference listsUSE bibliographies
reference marksCL V. 47. 35. 66UF footnote callsBT <textual elements by
function >referrals
CL A. 10. 10. 3. 70BT business practices
reflexive serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 45BT <serif by form >
register marksCL V. 28. 60BT <page elements >NT crosshairs
registrationCL A. 44. 51. 75BT <production processes >
regularCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 68BT <type styles by weight >
relative colorimetric renderingCL A. 44. 51. 10. 42. 68BT color rendering
relative indentsCL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 66BT indents
relief printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 72BT <printing methods >NT letterpress printing
pressworkrelief prints
CL W. 23. 73. 3. 71BT <prints by process >NT woodcuts
religionCL A. 21. 32. 73BT humanities
religious calendarsCL W. 16. 10. 3. 6BT calendars
remakeCL W. 62. 70BT <created works by stage of
production >remarque proofs
CL W. 62. 67. 61BT proofs
RenaissanceCL S. 3. 70BT <styles by period >NT French Renaissance
Italian Renaissance
114 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
renderingUSE rasterization
rentCL P. 3. 10. 33. 51UF leasing
leasesBT expenses
reproCL W. 62. 73UF reproduction proofsBT <created works by stage of
production >reproduction proofs
USE reproresolution
CL P. 5. 18. 6BT <production properties >NT output resolution
retailCL A. 10. 10. 3. 76BT business practices
reverseCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 60BT character styles
reverse leadingUSE negative leading
revised proofsCL W. 62. 67. 67UF first revisesBT proofs
RGBCL P. 5. 27. 3. 48. 5UF red, green, blueBT color models
RHUSE running heads
rhombusesCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 43. 69BT quadrilaterals
rich textCL C. 44. 65. 7UF styled textBT text
right raggedUSE ragged right
right-to-left (writing direction)CL P. 5. 35. 10. 84. 63UF RTLBT writing direction
ring (accent mark)CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 75BT <specific accent marks >
rivers (typesetting)CL V. 56. 80. 69BT typographical artifacts
road mapsCL W. 29. 10. 5. 65. 60BT transportation maps
romanUSE upright
Roman alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 750UF Latin alphabetBT <specific writing sys-
tems >Roman numerals
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 34BT numerals
Roman typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 78BT <typefaces by style >
romance novelsCL W. 36. 48. 25. 57BT fiction
RomanticistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 73BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
rotogravureCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 68. 7BT photogravure
rotundaCL C. 44. 74. 35. 15. 60BT blackletter
rough breathingUSE daseia
rowsCL V. 38. 77BT <positional elements >
royaltiesCL P. 3. 10. 49. 6BT income
RRUSE ragged right
RTLUSE right-to-left (writing
direction)rub-down letters
USE press-on letteringrubrics
CL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 52BT <headings by form >
ruby textCL V. 47. 35. 71BT <textual elements by
function >rule fills
CL V. 19. 10. 68. 5. 60BT <rules by function >
rulesCL V. 19. 10. 68BT <nontextual elements by
form >NT <rules by form >
<rules by function >run-ins
CL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 73. 6UF inline subheadBT subheads
run-on chaptersCL W. 10. 16. 6BT chapters
runaroundsCL V. 38. 72. 64UF shaped marginsBT margins
runesCL C. 44. 83. 25. 69BT <writing systems by
function >RT Futhark
running feetCL V. 28. 65UF footerBT <page elements >
running headsCL V. 28. 69UF RH
headerBT <page elements >
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 115
running indentsCL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 76SN An indent that’s re-
peated on more than1 consecutive line
BT indentsrunning text
USE body textrunning titles
CL V. 47. 35. 85. 6BT titles
runover linesUSE runovers
runoversCL V. 47. 35. 75UF runover lines
turn linesturnsturnovers
BT <textual elements byfunction >
Russian ConstructivistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 67BT <mid– to late–twentieth
century styles >Réale typefaces
CL C. 44. 74. 35. 73BT <typefaces by style >
Sabaean scriptCL C. 44. 90. 762BT <specific writing sys-
tems >sacred texts
CL W. 29. 26. 68BT <religious works >NT <specific sacred texts >
saddle-stitch bindingCL O. 3. 5. 21. 11. 3. 57UF saddle-stitchingBT <bindings by form >
saddle-stitchingUSE saddle-stitch binding
salariesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 57UF labor costsBT expenses
sale catalogsCL W. 29. 14. 18. 73BT catalogs
salesCL A. 10. 10. 3. 82BT business practices
sales guidesCL W. 29. 81BT <created works by func-
tion >Samaritan script
CL C. 44. 90. 775BT <specific writing sys-
tems >Sammelband
CL O. 3. 3. 10UF composite volumesBT <objects by form >
sample booksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 67BT <books by function >
sample pagesCL W. 62. 77UF samplesBT <created works by stage of
production >samples
USE sample pagessans
USE sans-serif typefacessans-serif typefaces
CL C. 44. 74. 44. 55UF sanserif
sansBT <typefaces by visual
form >RT serif
sanserifUSE sans-serif typefaces
scalable fontsUSE outline fonts
Scalable Vector GraphicsUSE SVG (file format)
scannersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74BT input devicesNT desktop scanners
drum scannersflatbed scannerslarge format scannerssheetfed scannersslide scanners
RT scanninggamma
scanningCL A. 44. 20. 4. 57BT digitizationRT scanners
scansion marksCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 49BT combining charactersNT <specific scansion marks >
scatter graphsCL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 52. 69BT graphs
schedulesCL W. 16. 10. 6BT <calendars and sched-
ules >NT transportation sched-
ulesscholarly communication
CL A. 10. 18. 7BT <communication activi-
ties >scholarly editions
CL W. 29. 14. 82BT <communicative works >
schoolsCL L. 60NT <schools by education
level ><schools by ownership ><schools by subject >
RT education (discipline)institutions
schwaCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 73BT <specific letters >
Schwabacher typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 80BT <typefaces by style >
science fictionCL W. 36. 48. 25. 70BT fiction
sciencesCL A. 21. 64BT <disciplines >
scientific illustrationCL A. 10. 27. 39. 58BT illustration (activity)
scientific publishingCL A. 10. 18. 5. 6BT publishing
116 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
scoresCL W. 16. 80BT <created works by con-
tents >Scotch rule
USE double rulesScotch typefaces
CL C. 44. 74. 35. 82BT <typefaces by style >
screen fontsUSE bitmap fonts
screen printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 78BT <printing methods >NT halftone screen printing
silkscreen printingstochastic screening
screenless lithographyCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66. 5. 70BT lithography
screenplaysCL W. 36. 76BT <created works by genre >
scribesCL E. 3. 3. 79BT <people by occupation >
script typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 44. 61UF ScripteBT <typefaces by visual
form >Scripte
USE script typefacesscripts (created works)
CL W. 36. 80BT <created works by genre >NT playscripts
telescriptsscripts (writing systems)
USE writing systemsscrolls
CL W. 23. 78BT <created works by form >NT emakimono
kakemono
sculptural booksUSE three-dimensional
bookssculptural type
USE three-dimensional typescumming (printing flaws)
CL V. 56. 65. 69BT printing flaws
scutulate serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 51BT <serif by form >
second revised proofsCL W. 62. 67. 74BT proofs
second-order charactersCL C. 44. 13. 10. 75BT <characters by form >NT ordinals
subscriptssuperscripts
section markCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 77BT <specific punctuation
characters >section-sewn binding
CL O. 3. 5. 21. 11. 3. 67BT <bindings by form >
sectionsCL W. 10. 83BT <components of a created
work >Secure File Transfer Protocol
USE SFTPself-employment tax
CL P. 3. 10. 33. 71. 64BT taxes
semanticsCL A. 21. 75. 64. 74. 7BT semioticsNT semasiology
semasiologyCL A. 21. 75. 64. 74. 7. 7BT semantics
semiboldCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 78UF demiboldBT <type styles by weight >
semicolonCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 82BT <specific punctuation
characters >seminars
CL A. 32. 10. 6BT <educational and train-
ing events >semiology
USE semioticssemiotics
CL A. 21. 75. 64. 74UF semiologyBT linguisticsNT pragmatics
semanticssyntactics
Semitic languagesCL C. 79. 3. 3. 34BT <specific language fami-
lies >sentence-style capitalization
CL P. 5. 44. 26. 70UF down-style capitaliza-
tionBT capitalization
series titlesCL W. 10. 53. 72BT front matter
serifCL V. 47. 10. 63BT <character parts >NT <serif by form >RT serif typefaces
sans-serif typefacesserif typefaces
CL C. 44. 74. 44. 68UF seriffed typefacesBT <typefaces by visual
form >NT slab-serif typefacesRT serif
seriffed typefacesUSE serif typefaces
serigraphyUSE silkscreen printing
seriographyUSE silkscreen printing
sermonsCL W. 29. 26. 75BT <religious works >
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 117
service bureausCL E. 5. 28. 10. 73BT <businesses by function >
set solidCL P. 5. 35. 77. 6BT settings (typography)
set widthCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 65BT <type dimensions >
settings (typography)CL P. 5. 35. 77SN Combinations of type
size and leadingBT <properties of layout >NT set solid
solid setSezessionstil
USE Vienna SecessionSFTP
CL C. 10. 46. 34UF Secure File Transfer
ProtocolBT computer communica-
tion protocolsSGML
CL C. 32. 3. 40. 50UF Standard Generalized
Markup LanguageBT markup languages
shaded lettersUSE shadow letters
shadowCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 70BT character styles
shadow lettersCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 78UF shaded lettersBT character styles
shank (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 75BT <parts of a unit of type >
shaped marginsUSE runarounds
shaped paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 72BT <paper types by form >
shaped poetryUSE concrete poetry
sheet musicCL W. 16. 14. 58BT <musical and theatrical
works >sheetfed scanners
CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74.67
BT scannersShift-JIS
CL C. 44. 20. 3. 58BT <specific character sets >
shilling fractionsUSE solidus fractions
shilling markUSE slash
shilling strokeUSE slash
shipping expensesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 64UF postageBT expenses
shoCL C. 44. 40. 5. 14. 44. 7BT Japanese calligraphy
shopping bagsCL W. 23. 80BT <created works by form >
short storiesCL W. 36. 85BT <created works by genre >
short-ranging figuresUSE small cap figures
shoulder (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 81BT <parts of a unit of type >
show-throughUSE ghosting
side bearingsCL V. 47. 10. 67BT <character parts >
side foliosCL V. 28. 49. 77BT page numbers
side notesUSE marginal notes
side-bearingCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 70BT <type dimensions >
side-stitch bindingCL O. 3. 5. 21. 11. 3. 77UF side-stitchingBT <bindings by form >
side-stitchingUSE side-stitch binding
sidebarsCL V. 38. 80BT <positional elements >
sideheadsCL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 61SN A heading or subhead
set flush to the mar-gin
BT <headings by form >sign systems
CL C. 55. 73BT <visual symbol systems >
signageUSE signs
signaturesCL O. 3. 5. 21. 68BT <parts of a book >RT imposition
signsCL W. 23. 83UF signageBT <created works by form >NT directional signs
protest signstraffic signs
silhouettesCL V. 19. 10. 75BT <nontextual elements by
form >silkscreen printing
CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 78. 59UF serigraphy
seriographyBT screen printing
118 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
silverprintsUSE bluelines
single quotesCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79. 5.
6UF inverted commasBT <quotation marks by
function >sink
CL V. 10. 42BT <dimensional elements >
sinogramsUSE Hanzi
skewCL P. 5. 35. 20. 71BT alignment
slab serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 57UF square serif
Egyptian serifBT <serif by form >RT slab-serif typefaces
slab-serif typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 44. 68. 7UF Egyptian typefacesBT serif typefacesRT slab serif
slantUSE stance
slantedUSE machine italics
slanted romanUSE machine italics
slashCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 86SN Use for slash characters
generally or ambigu-ously
UF diagonalshilling markshilling strokesolidus
BT <specific punctuationcharacters >
NT backslashfraction barvirgule
slashed ellUSE barred ell
slashed ohUSE barred oh
slide scannersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74.
77BT scannersRT slides
slidesCL W. 23. 61. 7BT photographsRT slide scanners
slopeCL P. 5. 44. 10. 62BT <properties of typefaces >RT typefaces
sloped romanUSE machine italics
slur serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 62BT <serif by form >
slurring (printing flaws)CL V. 56. 65. 78BT printing flaws
small businessesCL E. 5. 28. 21. 7BT <businesses by size >
small cap figuresCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 3.
62UF short-ranging figuresBT <numerals by form and
function >small capitals
USE small capssmall caps
CL V. 47. 44. 50. 73UF small capitalsBT letterformsNT fake small capsRT uppercase letters
small pressesCL E. 5. 28. 10. 43. 62UF little pressesBT presses
smart quotesUSE curly quotes
smooth breathingUSE psili
social sciencesCL A. 21. 75BT <disciplines >NT anthropology
archeologycommunications (disci-
pline)economicseducation (discipline)geographyinformation sciencelinguisticssociology
Socialist RealistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 72BT <mid– to late–twentieth
century styles >societies
USE associationssociology
CL A. 21. 75. 81BT social sciences
soft hyphenUSE discretionary hyphen
soft proofsCL W. 62. 67. 81BT proofs
softwareCL C. 27. 62UF computer softwareBT <information forms >NT <software by function >
<specific software >Sogdian script
CL C. 44. 90. 787BT <specific writing sys-
tems >SOHO
USE home officessolarization
CL A. 44. 51. 10. 77BT <imaging processes >
solid setCL P. 5. 35. 77. 8BT settings (typography)
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 119
solid-state drivesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 75BT data storage devicesNT flash drives
solidusUSE slash
solidus fractionsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5.
77UF on-line fractions
shilling fractionsBT fractions
songbooksCL W. 16. 14. 71BT <musical and theatrical
works >RT hymnals
sortingUSE collation
sorts (type)CL O. 3. 3. 59BT <objects by form >
South AmericanCL S. 5. 18. 44BT <styles of the Americas >
South Arabian scriptCL C. 44. 90. 800BT <specific writing sys-
tems >South Asian languages
CL C. 79. 3. 5. 34BT <specific language
groups >space
CL V. 10. 84. 7BT whitespace
space bandUSE word space
space-afterCL V. 10. 84. 5. 64BT <whitespace by function >
space-beforeCL V. 10. 84. 5. 72BT <whitespace by function >
spacebandsCL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 58UF wedges of metal be-
tween wordsBT typesetting equipment
Spanish (style)CL S. 5. 44. 56BT European
spanner headUSE straddle heads
spanner ruleUSE straddle rules
special sortsUSE pi characters
specimen booksUSE type specimen catalogs
spectrophotometersCL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 62BT <measuring instru-
ments >spectroradiometers
CL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 70BT <measuring instru-
ments >spheres
CL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 76BT <geometric solids >
spineCL O. 3. 5. 21. 75BT <parts of a book >NT concertina spine
spine (character parts)CL V. 47. 10. 70BT <character parts >
spiralsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 76UF helices
helixBT geometric figures
spiritusUSE breathing marks
spiritus asperUSE daseia
spiritus lenisUSE psili
splinesCL V. 19. 44. 65BT <parts of nontextual ele-
ments >NT cubic splines
nurbsquadratic splines
split fountain overprintingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 83BT <printing methods >
spot colorCL P. 5. 27. 3. 10. 72BT <color by function >RT color separation
spreadCL V. 10. 49UF two-page spread
double-page spreadBT <dimensional elements >
square bracketsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 81BT <specific punctuation
characters >square serif
USE slab serifsquares
CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 43.56. 7
BT rectanglessRGB
CL P. 5. 27. 3. 56. 74UF standard RGBBT color spaces
stacked headsCL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 70BT <headings by form >
stamps (postage)USE postage stamps
stanceCL P. 5. 44. 10. 69UF slantBT <properties of typefaces >RT typefaces
Standard Generalized MarkupLanguage
USE SGMLstandard RGB
USE sRGBstandard-width typefaces
CL C. 44. 74. 44. 75BT <typefaces by visual
form >standing caps
USE elevated capsstationery
CL W. 29. 14. 84BT <communicative works >
120 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
statisticsCL C. 27. 74UF quantitative informa-
tionBT <information forms >
stemCL V. 47. 10. 73UF main strokeBT <character parts >
stencilingCL A. 44. 51. 80BT <production processes >NT pochoirRT stencils
stencilsCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 70BT <marking instruments >RT stenciling
stick-up initialUSE elevated caps
stickersCL W. 23. 85BT <created works by form >NT bumper stickers
stochastic screeningCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 78. 72SN The random placement
of uniform dots inscreen printing
BT screen printingStone Age
CL S. 3. 30BT <styles by period >
storage devicesUSE data storage devices
straddle entriesCL V. 38. 32. 7BT cellsRT straddle heads
straddle headsCL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 79UF spanner headBT <headings by form >RT straddle entries
straddle rulesCL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 62UF spanner rule
cross ruleBT <rules by form >
straight copyUSE clean copy
straight quotesCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79. 3.
72UF dumb quotes
typewriter-style quota-tion marks
BT <quotation marks byform >
stressUSE bias
strike-on compositionCL A. 10. 44. 78. 10. 16. 7BT composition
strike-throughUSE overstrike
strikeoutUSE overstrike
strip-in correctionsCL W. 62. 10. 71UF strip-ins
patchesBT alterations
strip-insUSE strip-in corrections
stripping guidesUSE corner marks
strokeCL V. 47. 10. 77BT <character parts >
stubUSE stub columns
stub columnsCL V. 38. 36. 7UF stubBT columns
studiosCL L. 80. 6BT workplaces
style manualsCL W. 16. 85BT <created works by con-
tents >styled text
USE rich textstylesheet languages
CL C. 32. 3. 80BT computer languagesNT CSS
styliCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 76UF stylusBT <marking instruments >
stylusUSE styli
Sub-Saharan AfricanCL S. 5. 27. 5BT African
subheadingUSE subheads
subheadsCL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 73SN A subordinate headingUF subheadingBT <headings by function >NT run-ins
subpixelsCL V. 19. 44. 76BT <parts of nontextual ele-
ments >subscripts
CL C. 44. 13. 10. 75. 61UF inferiorsBT second-order characters
subtitlesCL V. 47. 35. 86BT <textual elements by
function >subtractive color synthesis
CL P. 5. 27. 3. 65. 6BT color synthesis
subway mapsCL W. 29. 10. 5. 65. 75BT transportation maps
superiorsUSE superscripts
superscriptsCL C. 44. 13. 10. 75. 73UF superiorsBT second-order characters
suppliesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 66SN Consumable equip-
mentBT equipmentNT office supplies
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 121
supportsUSE surfaces
surfacesCL O. 3. 3. 73SN Planar objects upon
which visual ele-ments are placed
UF supportsBT <objects by form >NT acetate
canvascardboardfabricpaperpaperboardparchment
SurrealistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 76BT <mid– to late–twentieth
century styles >surtitles
CL V. 47. 35. 87BT <textual elements by
function >swash characters
CL V. 47. 44. 50. 11. 6UF swash letters
swashesBT alternate characters
swash lettersUSE swash characters
swashesUSE swash characters
swelled rulesUSE tapered rules
Swiss designUSE International Typo-
graphic StyleSwiss style
USE International Typo-graphic Style
syllabariesCL C. 44. 83. 81BT writing systems
syllabicsUSE abugidas
SymbolistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 76BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
symbols (characters)CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77BT analphabetic charactersNT phonetic symbols
<specific symbols >symposia
USE conferencessymposium
USE conferencessyntactics
CL A. 21. 75. 64. 74. 9BT semiotics
syntaxCL A. 21. 75. 64. 76BT linguistics
Syriac scriptCL C. 44. 90. 812BT <specific writing sys-
tems >T-shirts
CL W. 23. 29. 3BT clothes
tab entryUSE cells
tab stopsCL V. 38. 87UF tab valuesBT <positional elements >
tab valuesUSE tab stops
tablesCL V. 19. 21. 78UF tabular workBT <nontextual elements by
function >tables of contents
CL W. 10. 53. 79BT front matter
tabular workUSE tables
Tagged Image File FormatUSE TIFF (file format)
taglinesCL V. 47. 35. 81BT <textual elements by
function >
tagsUSE labels
Tai Lue alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 825BT <specific writing sys-
tems >tail (character parts)
CL V. 47. 10. 80BT <character parts >
tail marginsUSE bottom margins
tail rulesCL V. 19. 10. 68. 5. 75BT <rules by function >
tailpiecesCL V. 19. 32. 75BT <nontextual elements by
position >tapered rules
CL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 71UF swelled rulesBT <rules by form >
tax deductionsCL P. 3. 10. 33. 71. 77BT taxes
taxesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 71BT expensesNT corporate taxes
estimated tax paymentsincome taxesself-employment taxtax deductions
teachingCL A. 10. 35. 76BT <education and train-
ing >RT education (discipline)
tear indexCL P. 5. 64. 10. 6SN A property of paperBT <measures of other
physical properties >teardrop terminal
CL V. 47. 10. 83. 75UF lachrymal terminalBT terminal
tearsheetsCL W. 62. 80BT <created works by stage of
production >
122 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
technical illustrationCL A. 10. 27. 39. 74BT illustration (activity)
technical manualsCL W. 29. 14. 49. 64BT manuals
technical publishingCL A. 10. 18. 5. 8BT publishing
telescriptsCL W. 36. 80. 7BT scripts (created works)
terminalCL V. 47. 10. 83BT <character parts >NT ball terminal
beak terminalfinial (character parts)teardrop terminal
terminal charactersUSE finials (characters)
tetrahedronsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 61. 74BT polyhedra
textCL C. 44. 65BT <representations of lan-
guage >NT plain text
rich texttext area
USE text pagetext block
CL O. 3. 5. 21. 82BT <parts of a book >
text directionCL P. 5. 35. 10. 63BT <properties of running
text >text faces
USE text fontstext fonts
CL C. 44. 74. 27. 75UF body type
text typetext typefacestext facesbook faces
BT <typefaces by function >RT body text
text pageCL V. 10. 63UF text areaBT <dimensional elements >
text sizesCL P. 5. 64. 59. 73BT dimensionsNT composition size
display sizetext type
USE text fontstext typefaces
USE text fontstext wrapping
USE line breakingtextblock
CL V. 10. 56UF text blockBT <dimensional elements >
textbooksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 73BT <books by function >NT programmed textbooks
texturaCL C. 44. 74. 35. 15. 76BT blackletter
texture (typesetting)CL P. 5. 35. 10. 69BT <properties of running
text >theater (performing arts)
CL A. 21. 32. 12. 5. 77BT performing arts
theater programsCL W. 29. 14. 87BT <communicative works >
thermal-transfer printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.
34. 79BT <printers by method >
thick spaceCL V. 10. 84. 3. 73UF three-to-em spaceBT <whitespace by dimen-
sions >thin space
CL V. 10. 84. 3. 81BT <whitespace by dimen-
sions >
thornCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 79BT <specific letters >
three-dimensional booksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 81UF sculptural booksBT <books by form >NT foldout books
three-dimensional typeCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 10. 7UF dimensional type
sculptural typeBT <type styles by >
three-em dashCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16.
69BT dash
three-to-em spaceUSE thick space
thumb drivesUSE flash drives
thumb indexesCL V. 28. 75BT <page elements >
thumb marginsUSE outside margins
thumbnailsCL V. 19. 10. 43. 77BT images
tied lettersCL V. 47. 44. 56. 7UF quaint charactersBT ligatures
tight ragCL P. 5. 44. 76BT <properties of text >
tildeCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 79BT <specific accent marks >
tissuesCL W. 62. 84BT <created works by stage of
production >title pages
CL W. 10. 53. 84BT front matter
titlecaseCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 65BT letters (characters)
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 123
titlesCL V. 47. 35. 85BT <textual elements by
function >NT running titles
titling figuresUSE titling numerals
titling fontsUSE titling typefaces
titling numeralsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 3.
76UF titling figuresBT <numerals by form and
function >titling typefaces
CL C. 44. 74. 27. 82UF titling fontsBT <typefaces by function >
tone marksCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 65BT combining characters
tonosCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 70BT <specific accent marks >
top marginsCL V. 38. 72. 78UF head marginsBT margins
top-to-bottom (writing direc-tion)
CL P. 5. 35. 10. 84. 78BT writing direction
topo mapsUSE topographic maps
topographic mapsCL W. 29. 10. 5. 42UF contour maps
topo mapsBT maps
TorahCL W. 29. 26. 68. 3. 44BT <specific sacred texts >
tourist mapsCL W. 29. 10. 5. 53BT maps
tracingCL A. 44. 20. 4. 75BT digitization
trackingCL P. 5. 35. 10. 76UF range kerningBT <properties of running
text >tracts (documents)
CL W. 29. 26. 83BT <religious works >
tradeUSE commerce
trade booksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 79BT <books by function >
trade cardsCL W. 23. 24. 76BT cards
trade paperbacksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 68. 7BT paperbacks
trade unionsCL E. 5. 13. 3. 79BT <associations by func-
tion >trademark law
CL P. 3. 22. 10. 78BT <intellectual property
law >RT trademarks
trademarksCL C. 38. 6BT <representations of iden-
tity >RT trademark law
traffic signsCL W. 23. 83. 75BT signs
Trajan ColumnCL W. 69. 34BT <specific created works >
transcriptsCL W. 29. 18. 75BT <documentary works >
transfer letteringUSE press-on lettering
transitional typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 86BT <typefaces by style >
transitive serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 68BT <serif by form >
transliterationCL C. 49. 80BT <transformations of in-
formation >NT bopomofo
pinyinWade-Giles
transportation expensesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 77BT expenses
transportation mapsCL W. 29. 10. 5. 65BT mapsNT bus route maps
railroad mapsroad mapssubway maps
transportation schedulesCL W. 16. 10. 6. 7BT schedulesNT bus schedules
railroad schedulestrapeziums
CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 84BT <geometric plane figures >
trapezoidsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 63BT polygons
travel expensesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 83BT expenses
travel guidebooksCL W. 29. 86BT <created works by func-
tion >travelogues
CL W. 36. 48. 49. 7BT nonfiction
trianglesCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 75BT polygons
triangular serifUSE wedge serif
trim (measure)CL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 77UF trim sizeBT <absolute measurements >NT foot trim
head trimRT trim marks
124 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
trim marksCL V. 28. 80UF crop marksBT <page elements >RT trim
trim sizeUSE trim (measure)
TrueType fontsCL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 44BT <digital fonts by format >NT TrueType GX fonts
TrueType GX fontsCL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 44. 3BT TrueType fonts
truncated settingCL P. 5. 35. 39. 77BT hyphenation and
justificationturn lines
USE runoversturnovers
USE runoversturns
USE runoverstweening
CL A. 44. 51. 10. 10. 77BT <digital rendering proc-
esses >two-em dash
CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16.80
BT dashtwo-page spread
USE spreadtwo-up proofs
CL W. 62. 87BT <created works by stage of
production >type (objects)
CL O. 3. 5. 77SN Pieces whose surface
bears a raised char-acter, used in print-ing
BT <objects by function >NT <parts of a unit of type >
<type by form >foundry type
RT type foundingtype gaugestype cases
punchcuttingtype (text)
CL V. 47. 81BT <textual elements >RT typesetting
typographytypefacestype gaugestype directors
Type 1 fontsCL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 32. 3BT PostScript fonts
Type 3 fontsCL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 32. 5BT PostScript fonts
type casesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 70BT typesetting equipmentRT type (objects)
type designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35. 65BT graphic designRT typefaces
letterformstype designers
CL E. 3. 3. 85. 43BT typographersRT typefaces
designerstype directors
CL E. 3. 3. 85. 54BT typographersRT type (text)
type effectsCL P. 5. 81BT <properties >NT blurred type
degraded typemulticolored type
type familiesCL C. 44. 74. 81UF typeface families
font familiesBT typefacesRT typefaces
type foundingCL A. 44. 51. 85BT <production processes >RT type (objects)
type gaugesCL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 81UF type scale
pica polepica rulepica stickHaber rule
BT <measuring instru-ments >
RT type (text)type (objects)
type mark-upCL V. 47. 64. 7BT mark-up (printing)
type measureCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 76UF line length
full measuremeasure (line length)
BT <type dimensions >type ornaments
USE printer’s ornamentstype page
CL V. 10. 70BT <dimensional elements >
type scaleUSE type gauges
type sizeCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 80UF point size
body sizeBT <type dimensions >
type specimen booksUSE type specimen catalogs
type specimen catalogsCL W. 29. 14. 18. 82UF type specimen books
specimen booksBT catalogs
type stylesCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76BT <properties of typefaces >NT <type styles by >
<type styles by density ><type styles by inclina-
tion ><type styles by weight >character styles
RT typefaces
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 125
type-heightCL P. 5. 64. 59. 82SN height of type from the
printing bed to theprinting surface
UF height-to-paperBT dimensions
typeface classificationsCL C. 44. 74. 72UF font classificationsBT typefacesNT ATypI classification
British Standards forType Classification
DIN 1658PANOSE Typeface
Matching System(tm)
Vox classificationtypeface families
USE type familiestypefaces
CL C. 44. 74UF fonts
fountsBT <representations of lan-
guage >NT <typefaces by construc-
tion ><typefaces by function ><typefaces by style ><typefaces by visual
form >typeface classificationstype families<specific typefaces >
RT type designcontrast (type)type stylescolor (type)biasaxistype (text)weightmodulationtype designersstanceslopetype families
typefoundriesCL E. 5. 28. 10. 82BT <businesses by function >NT digital foundries
typescriptsCL W. 42. 7BT <created works by means
of production >typesetters (equipment)
CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 80UF typesetting machinesBT typesetting equipmentNT linecasters
Monotype (typesettingequipment)
RT typesettingtypesetters (people)
CL E. 3. 3. 85. 65SN People whose role it is
to interpret typespecifications andencode text
UF compositors (people)operators
BT typographersRT typesetting
typesettingCL A. 10. 44. 78BT <production activities >NT <component activities >
<typesetting by applica-tion >
<typesetting by medium ><typesetting materials >
RT typesetters (people)typesetters (equipment)type (text)
typesetting equipmentCL O. 3. 5. 44. 78BT equipmentNT chase
furniture (typesettinginstruments)
quoinsspacebandstype casestypesetters (equipment)
typesetting machinesUSE typesetters (equipment)
typewriter-style quotation marksUSE straight quotes
typographersCL E. 3. 3. 85BT <people by occupation >NT type designers
type directors
typesetters (people)typographical designers
RT typographytypographic quotation marks
USE curly quotestypographical artifacts
CL V. 56. 80BT <visual artifacts >NT bad breaks
club linesrivers (typesetting)
typographical designersCL E. 3. 3. 85. 77BT typographers
typographyCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35. 77SN Arrangement and
specification of typein preparation forprinting
BT graphic designNT <typography by style >RT typographers
type (text)typos
CL W. 62. 10. 81UF literalsBT alterationsRT proofreading
ucUSE uppercase letters
UCSCL C. 44. 20. 3. 64UF Universal Character Set
ISO/IEC 10646BT <specific character sets >NT UCS-2
UCS-4UCS-2
CL C. 44. 20. 3. 64. 3UF ISO 10646 UCS-2BT UCS
UCS-4CL C. 44. 20. 3. 64. 5UF ISO 10646 UCS-4BT UCS
Ugaritic cuneiformCL C. 44. 90. 837BT <specific writing sys-
tems >
126 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
Ukiyo-eCL S. 5. 35. 5. 3BT Japanese (style)
umlautCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 83BT <specific accent marks >
unbracketed serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 74BT <serif by form >
uncialCL C. 44. 40. 5. 52. 78BT manuscript hands
uncoated paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 77BT <paper types by form >
underdotUSE dot below
underlineUSE underscore
underscoreCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 86UF underlineBT <specific symbols >
undotted iUSE dotless i
undotted jUSE dotless j
unicameral alphabetsUSE unicameral writing
systemsunicameral writing systems
CL C. 44. 83. 17. 7SN Writing systems con-
sisting of only onecase
UF unicameral alphabetsBT <writing systems by case
distinction >Unicode
CL C. 44. 20. 3. 70UF Unicode StandardBT <specific character sets >NT Unicode encoding
formsRT normalization forms
Unicode encoding formsCL C. 44. 20. 3. 70. 3UF Unicode encoding
schemesBT Unicode
NT UTF-16UTF-32UTF-7UTF-8
Unicode encoding schemesUSE Unicode encoding
formsUnicode Standard
USE Unicodeunilateral serif
CL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 79BT <serif by form >
unitsUSE measures
Universal Character SetUSE UCS
universitiesCL L. 60. 10. 10. 7BT <colleges and universi-
ties >university presses
CL E. 5. 28. 10. 43. 77BT presses
unjustifiedUSE ragged
unmodulated typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 44. 83UF monoline typefacesBT <typefaces by visual
form >up style
USE headline styleUPA
USE Uralic Phonetic Alpha-bet
upper case lettersUSE uppercase letters
uppercase lettersCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 78UF uc
upper case letterscapital letterscapitalsmajusculescaps
BT letters (characters)RT small caps
uprightCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 30. 77UF roman
roman letterformsBT <type styles by inclina-
tion >Uralic Phonetic Alphabet
CL C. 44. 90. 850UF UPABT <specific writing sys-
tems >used guides
USE user manualsusefulness
USE utilityuser interfaces
CL C. 27. 62. 4. 83BT <software by function >NT graphical user inter-
facesuser manuals
CL W. 29. 14. 49. 78UF used guidesBT manuals
usersCL E. 3. 5. 78BT <people by relationship >
UTF-16CL C. 44. 20. 3. 70. 3. 10BT Unicode encoding
formsUTF-32
CL C. 44. 20. 3. 70. 3. 21BT Unicode encoding
formsUTF-7
CL C. 44. 20. 3. 70. 3. 32BT Unicode encoding
formsUTF-8
CL C. 44. 20. 3. 70. 3. 44UF FSS-UTFBT Unicode encoding
formsutility
CL P. 5. 64. 20. 7UF usefulnessBT <measures of quality >
VahCL C. 44. 90. 862UF Bassa alphabetBT <specific writing sys-
tems >
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 127
valentinesCL W. 23. 24. 46. 81BT greeting cards
vector drawingsCL V. 19. 10. 83BT <nontextual elements by
form >vector fonts
USE outline fontsvellum
CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 82BT <paper types by form >NT limp vellum
Venetian typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 88BT <typefaces by style >
versalsCL V. 47. 27. 79UF lettrines
initialsBT <textual elements by
form >NT drop caps
elevated capsverso
CL V. 28. 85BT <page elements >
vertical ellipsisCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 28. 7BT ellipsis
vertical justificationCL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 7SN The practice of getting
lines to fill a pagevertically by adjustingthe space betweenthem
UF cardingfeathering
BT justificationvertical rules
CL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 81BT <rules by form >
VictorianCL S. 3. 90. 3. 10. 3BT <early to mid nineteenth
century styles >video cameras
CL O. 3. 5. 10. 44. 3. 7BT cameras
video gamesCL W. 29. 30. 4. 7UF computer gamesBT games
videographyCL A. 10. 27. 73. 77SN Photography of mov-
ing images ontoelectronic media
BT photographyVienna Secession
CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 79UF SezessionstilBT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
viramaCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 87UF halantBT <specific accent marks >
virguleCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 86.
77SN Normal text slashUF forward slashBT slash
visual alignmentUSE optical alignment
visual artsCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7BT artsNT design
fine artsgraphic arts
visual communicationCL C. 63. 7BT communicationNT written communication
visual identityCL C. 38. 8BT <representations of iden-
tity >NT brands
corporate identityvisual literacy
CL P. 5. 10. 78BT <measures of ability >
vocational adviceUSE vocational guidance
vocational guidanceCL A. 10. 35. 84UF vocational adviceBT <education and train-
ing >vocational schools
CL L. 60. 34. 77BT <schools by subject >
vortexCL V. 47. 10. 87BT <character parts >
VorticistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 82BT <late nineteenth and
early twentieth cen-tury styles >
vowel pointsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 78UF dependent vowelsBT combining characters
Vox classificationCL C. 44. 74. 72. 51BT typeface classifications
Wade-GilesCL C. 49. 80. 55BT transliteration
war postersCL W. 23. 68. 78BT posters
watercolorsCL O. 5. 63. 78BT paints
watermarksCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 30. 7BT <paper properties >
weather mapsCL W. 29. 10. 5. 78BT maps
WebUSE World-Wide Web
Web designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 64BT designRT World-Wide Web
Web sitesWeb directories
CL W. 23. 88. 21BT Web sites
128 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
Web pagesCL W. 23. 88. 32BT Web sitesNT home pages
Web sitesCL W. 23. 88BT <created works by form >NT blogs
Web directoriesWeb pageswikis
RT World-Wide WebWeb design
wedding invitationsCL W. 29. 14. 41. 7BT invitations
wedge (accent mark)USE hacek
wedge serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 85UF triangular serifBT <serif by form >
wedges of metal between wordsUSE spacebands
weightCL P. 5. 44. 10. 84BT <properties of typefaces >RT typefaces
white lineUSE line space
whitespaceCL V. 10. 84SN Unfilled space between
text elementsBT <dimensional elements >NT space
<whitespace by dimen-sions >
<whitespace by function >whitespace reduction
USE negative letterspacingwidows (typesetting)
CL V. 56. 80. 13. 78BT bad breaks
wikisCL W. 23. 88. 79UF wikiwikisBT Web sites
wikiwikisUSE wikis
wild ragCL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 70. 78BT ragged
Windows (software)USE Microsoft Windows
(software)windows (visual elements)
CL V. 19. 21. 85BT <nontextual elements by
function >wine lists
CL W. 29. 14. 54. 7BT menus (dining)
wood lettersUSE wood type
wood typeCL O. 3. 5. 77. 22. 79UF wood lettersBT <type by form >
woodcutsCL W. 23. 73. 3. 71. 7BT relief prints
word spaceCL V. 10. 84. 5. 83UF interword space
space bandBT <whitespace by function >NT non-breaking space
workbooksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 85BT <books by function >
workflow managementCL A. 10. 44. 83BT <production activities >
workflowsCL A. 10. 44. 87BT <production activities >
workplacesCL L. 80UF worksitesNT home offices
studiosworks of fiction
USE fictionworkshops
CL A. 32. 10. 8BT <educational and train-
ing events >
worksitesUSE workplaces
workstations (computers)CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5. 79BT computers
World-Wide WebCL C. 15. 59UF Web
WWWBT <communication media >RT Web sites
Web designwove paper
CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 86BT <paper types by form >NT antique wove paper
writing directionCL P. 5. 35. 10. 84BT <properties of running
text >NT bidirectional (writing
direction)boustrophedonleft-to-right (writing
direction)right-to-left (writing
direction)top-to-bottom (writing
direction)writing implements
CL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 84UF handwriting imple-
mentsBT <marking instruments >
writing systemsCL C. 44. 83UF scripts (writing sys-
tems)BT <representations of lan-
guage >NT <writing systems by case
distinction ><writing systems by
function >alphabets<consonantal writing
systems >logographic writing
systemslogosyllabariessyllabaries
RT orthography
CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 129
written communicationCL C. 63. 7. 7SN Visual communication
that is bound to lan-guage
BT visual communicationWSR
USE negative letterspacingWWW
USE World-Wide Webx-height
CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 86UF ex-heightBT <type dimensions >
XHTMLCL C. 32. 3. 40. 60BT markup languages
XMLCL C. 32. 3. 40. 70UF Extensible Markup
LanguageBT markup languages
yoghCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 85BT <specific letters >
zenkakuUSE fullwidth characters
zincographsCL W. 23. 73. 3. 57. 5. 78BT lithographs
131
Appendix A. New term proposalTo propose a new term, send this completed form to Paul Hoffman, c/o Simmons Col-lege, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, 300 The Fenway, Boston,MA 02115, USA.
Name of submitter:
E-mail address of submitter:
Date:Proposed term:
Definition:
Suggested broader term:
Suggested narrower terms:
Suggested lead-in terms:
Source(s) of term:
Related terms already inTGDT:
Rationale for adding theproposed term:
132 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term
133
Appendix B. IdentifiersThe ANSI/NISO standard addresses the need for proper names in a thesaurus: these“may be assigned to content objects identifiers, differentiated from topical terms”(ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005, §6.6.7). Identifiers for people and places fall outside thescope of the TGDT, but in consideration of its special emphasis on practice, it lists iden-tifiers for selected instances of four important open-ended classes of identifiers not nor-mally considered for inclusion in a thesaurus: typefaces, languages, software, and fileformats. In addition, provision is made for creating identifiers for individual characterswithin the Unicode character set.
The TGDT distinguishes these identifiers by listing them in italics within squarebrackets – for example, the French language is listed as [French (language) ].
Because these identifiers are considered to fall outside the preferred terminology ofthe the TGDT proper, they are not assigned classification notations of their own; instead,the notation for their parent terms may be used with a plus sign (‘+’) appended, followedby a suitable code as discussed below, if one is available.
Identifier Classification notationClassBase Qualifier Base + Extension
Typefaces Commonly acceptedname of the typeface
typeface C.44.74.90 + No recommendation
Characters Unicode charactername
character C.44.13.90 + Unicode hexadeci-mal character code
Languages SIL Ethnologue pri-mary name
language C.79.9 + SIL Ethnologuethree-letter code
Software Manufacturer’s namefor the software, pre-ceded by the manu-facturer’s name ifneeded
software C.27.62.9 + No recommendation
File formats Commonly acceptedname (may be anacronym)
file format C.27.10.30.6 + Commonly usedacronym or initial-ism
Table 1. Summary of identifier classes.Table 1 summarizes the recommended practice in constructing identifiers and their clas-sification notations.
134
TypefacesDuring the early development of the TGDT, the establishment of a classificationalscheme for typefaces was considered but rejected; nonetheless, existing terms for classes oftypefaces have significant literary warrant and are included in the TGDT.
Typeface names are drawn from a variety of sources; only those typefaces that areconsistently named and that are believed to have the greatest significance have beenlisted.
No particular convention of classification extensions for typeface identifiers is recom-mended; users are urged to use the classification notation for <specific typefaces > – i.e.,C.44.74.90 – followed by a plus sign (‘+’) and the name of the typeface in question.
CharactersThe TGDT includes a number of characters in the Latin alphabet as topical terms. Othercharacters that are not listed in the thesaurus may be assigned an identifier by appendingthe qualifier ‘character’to the Unicode 4.1 character name. If the last word of the Unicodename is ‘character’, no qualifier is added.
Only the first word of the character name, and any proper nouns that would normallybe capitalized in English usage, should be capitalized.
Classification notation extensions should take the form of the four- or five-digithexadecimal Unicode character code; the notation C.44.13.90 should be used as the base.Examples
[Greek letter sampi (character) ] C.44.13.90+03E0[Erase to the left (character) ] C.44.13.90+232B[Linear B syllable B060 ra (character) ] C.44.13.90+10028
LanguagesLanguage identifiers may be constructed by taking the language’s primary name as givenin the SIL International Ethnologue,1 with the qualifier ‘language’ added. If the word‘language’ is already present in the language name, the qualifier is not added.
Identifiers for language families may be constructed using the language family nameas given in the Ethnologue plus the word ‘languages’, except that if the word ‘language’already appears in the name of the language family, it is replaced by the word ‘languages’.The pseudo-family ‘unclassified language(s)’ should not be used.
1 Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: languages of the world (15th ed.). Dal-las, TX: SIL International.
135
If desired, classification notations for languages may be constructed by appending aslash (‘+’) and the corresponding three-letter Ethnologue code to the classification nota-tion C.79.9, corresponding to the guide term <specific languages>.
Classification notations for language families and other language groups may be con-structed by a similar process from the base notations C.79.3.3 and C.79.3.5, respectively.No recommendation for constructing classification notations for language families orgroups is possible, since no appropriate standard is yet available.Examples
[Xhosa (language) ] C.79.9+xho[American sign language] C.79.9+ase[Iroquoian languages] C.79.3.3+[Artificial languages] C.79.3.5+
Writing systemsWriting systems that do not appear in the thesaurus may be used as identifiers, though itis best to request an addition to the thesaurus when doing so. The common name for thewriting system is used; the qualifier ‘writing system’ should be added if the name does notend in a word such as ‘alphabet’ or ‘script’. If no commonly accepted name exists for thewriting system, the qualifier ‘(writing system)’ should be added to the name of the lan-guage most commonly associated with the it.
The classification notation C.44.90+ should be used for identifiers for writing systemsnot already found in the TGDT; no known standard is available for the addition of anextension.Example
[Klingon alphabet ] C.44.90+
SoftwareWhen constructing an identifier for a computer application or other software, do not dis-tinguish between operating systems, applications, and other software. Because of corpo-rate mergers and acquisitions, different versions of a single software package may bedeveloped by different companies, so the company name should be used only when nec-essary.
The base notation C.27.62.9 may be used for classifying software products; becausethere is no suitable source of software classifications, no further extension may be added.
Computer fonts should be treated as described under Typefaces above, not as soft-ware.
136
Examples[Photoshop (software) ] C.27.62.9+[Microsoft Windows (software) ] C.27.62.9+[Mac OS X (software) ] C.27.62.9+[ColorSync (software) ] C.27.62.9+
File formatsBecause of their importance to practitioners of typography and graphic design, identifiersfor common file formats are listed in the TGDT.Examples
[GIF (file format) ][PDF (file format) ]