Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 1/52

Typical Signs and Symptoms of 

Psychiatric Illnesses

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 2/52

Accuracy in language in psychiatry

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 3/52

Communicate fruitfully with fellowclinicians as well as with patients

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 4/52

Consciousness

Consciousness: state of awareness

 Apperception : perception modified by a person’sown emotions and thoughts

Sensorium : the state of cognitive functioning of the special senses

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 5/52

Disturbances of consciousness

• Disorientation

• Clouding of consciousness

• Stupor

• Delirium

• Coma• Coma vigil

• Twilight state

• Dreamlike state

• Somnolence

• Confusion

• Drowsiness

• Sundowning

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 6/52

conscious

confused

Delirious

Somnolent

Stuporous

comatose

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 7/52

Disturbances of attention

▫ Distractibility 

▫ Selective inattention

▫ Hypervigilance

▫ Trance

▫ Disinhibition

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 8/52

Disturbances in suggestibility

▫Folie a deux

▫Hypnosis

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 9/52

Emotion

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 10/52

Affect Appropriate

Inappropriate

Blunted

Restricted or constricted

FlatLabile

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 11/52

Mood

“What would you say your mood is

right now?”

“How do you feel right now?” 

“Unsa man imo pamati karon?” 

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 12/52

Mood- subjective stateDysphoric

Euthymic

Expansive

Irritable

Mood swings

Elevated mood

Euphoria

Ecstasy 

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 13/52

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 14/52

Mood

Elation

Hypomania

Mania

Melancholia

La belle indifference

Depression

 Anhedonia

Grief 

 Alexithymia

Suicidal ideation

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 15/52

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 16/52

Other emotions Anxiety 

Free-floating anxiety 

Fear

 Agitation

Tension

Panic

 Apathy 

 Ambivalence

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 17/52

Other emotions  Abreaction

Shame

Impulse control

Guilt

Ineffiability 

 Acathexis

Decathexis

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 18/52

Physiological disturbances associatedwith mood/vegetative signs

a.anorexia

 b. hyperphagia

c.insomnia

d. hypersomnia

e. diurnal variation

f. diminished libido

g. constipation

h. fatigue

i. pica

 j. pseudocyesis

k. bulimia

l. adynamia

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 19/52

Motor behavior(Conation)• Echopraxia• Catatonia and postural abnormalities

▫ Catalepsy ▫ Catatonic excitement▫ Catatonic stupor▫ Catatonic rigidity 

▫ Catatonic posturing▫ Cerea flexibilitas▫ Akinesia

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 20/52

Motor behavior(Conation)• Negativism

• Cataplexy 

• Stereotypy • Mannerism

•  Automatism

• Command automatism

• Mutism

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 21/52

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 22/52

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 23/52

Motor behavior(Conation)• Overactivity 

▫ Psychomotoragitation

▫ Tic

▫ Somnambulism

▫  Akathisia

▫  Ataxia▫ Polyphagia

▫ Tremor

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 24/52

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 25/52

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 26/52

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 27/52

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 28/52

Motor behavior(Conation)Hypoactivity 

Mimicry 

 Aggression

 Acting out

 Abulia

 Anergia

 Astasia abasia

Coprophagia

Dyskinesia

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 29/52

Astasia abasia

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 30/52

Motor behavior(Conation)Musclerigidity 

Twirling Bradykinesia

ChoreaConvulsion

• Clonic• Tonic

Seizure

Dystonia Aminia

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 31/52

Thinking• General disturbances in form or process

of thinking

▫ Mental disorder▫ Psychosis

▫ Reality testing

▫ Formal thought disorder▫ Illogical thinking

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 32/52

ThinkingDereism

 Autistic thinking

Magical thinking

Primary process thinking

Emotional insight

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 33/52

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 34/52

Thinking

Specific disturbances in form of thoughtNeologism

 Word salad

Circumstantiality 

Tangentiality 

Incoherence

Perseveration

 Verbigeration

Echolalia

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 35/52

Thinking

Specific disturbances in form of thought

CondensationIrrelevant

answerLoosening of association

Derailment Flight of ideasClang

associations

Blocking/thought

deprivationGlossolalia

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 36/52

Specific disturbances in content of 

thought

• Poverty of content

• Overvalued idea• Delusion

• Bizarre delusion

• Systematizeddelusion

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 37/52

Specific disturbances in content of 

thought• Paranoid delusion

▫ Delusion of persecution

▫ Delusion of grandeur▫ Delusion of reference

▫ Delusion of self-

accusation▫ Delusion of control

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 38/52

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 39/52

Thinking• Trend orpreoccupation of thought

• Egomania

• Monomania• Hypochondria

• Obssession

• Compulsion

• Coprolalia• Noesis

• Unio Mystica

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 40/52

Thinking

PhobiaSpecific phobia

Social phobia

 Acrophobia

 Agoraphobia

 Algophobia

 Ailurophobia

Erythrophobia

Panphobia

Claustrophobia

Xenophobia

Zoophobia

Needle phobia

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 41/52

Disturbances in Speech

• Pressure of speech

•  Volubility(logorrhea)

• Poverty of speech

• Nonspontaneous speech

• Poverty of content of speech

• Dysprosody/prosody 

• Dysarthria

• Excessively loud or softspeech

• Stuttering

• Cluttering

•  Aculalia• Bradylalia

• Dysphonia

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 42/52

Aphasic disturbances

Motor aphasia

Sensory aphasia

Nominal aphasia

Syntactical aphasia

Jargon aphasia

Global aphasia

 Alogia

Coprophrasia

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 43/52

PERCEPTiON

Disturbances of perception• Hallucination

▫ Hypnagogic hallucination

▫ Hypnopompic hallucination▫  Auditory hallucination

▫  Visual hallucination

▫ Olfactory hallucination

▫ Gustatory hallucination▫ Tactile(haptic) hallucination

▫ Somatic hallucination(cenesthesic)

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 44/52

PERCEPTiON

Disturbances of perception

▫ Lilliputian hallucination(micropsia)

▫ Mood congruent hallucination

▫ Mood incongruent hallucination

▫ Hallucinosis

▫ Synesthesia

▫ Trailing phenomenon▫ Command hallucination

• Illusion

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 45/52

Disturbances associated with cognitive

disorder and medical condition•  Agnosia

•  Anosognosia

• Somatopagnosia/autotopagnosia

•  Visual agnosia

•  Astereognosis

• Prosopagnosia

•  Apraxia

• Simultagnosia

•  Adiadochokinesia

•  Aura

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 46/52

Disturbances association with conversion

and dissociative phenomena• Hysterical anesthesia• Macropsia

• Micropsia• Depersonalization• Derealization• Fugue• Multiple personality • Dissociation

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 47/52

Memory

Disturbances of memory• Paramnesia

▫ Fausse reconnaissance

▫ Retrospectivefalsification▫ Confabulation▫ Déjà vu▫ Déjà entendu

▫ Déjà pense▫ Jamais vu▫ False memory 

•  Amnesia

▫  Anterograde▫ Retrograde

• Hypermnesia

• Eidetic image• Screen memory 

• Repression

• Lethologica• Blackout

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 48/52

Levels of memory

• Immediate

• Recent

• Recent past

• Remote

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 49/52

Intelligence

• Mental retardation• Dementia

▫ Dyscalculia

▫ Dyspraghia▫  Alexia

• Pseudodementia• Concrete thinking

•  Abstract thinking

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 50/52

Insight

• Intellectual insight

• True insight

• Impaired insight

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 51/52

Judgment

• Critical judgment

•  Automatic Judgment

• Impaired judgment

8/3/2019 Typical Signs and Symptoms of Psychiatric Illnesses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/typical-signs-and-symptoms-of-psychiatric-illnesses 52/52

Thank you