Typical responses General ration distribution General ration distribution Free distribution of range of food commodities to affected population Free distribution.

Typical responsesTypical responses

General ration General ration distributiondistribution Free distribution of range of Free distribution of range of

food commodities to food commodities to affected populationaffected population

2,100 kcal/d (may be 2,100 kcal/d (may be adjusted)adjusted)

Meet immediate food needsMeet immediate food needs Protect/recover livelihoodsProtect/recover livelihoods Global humanitarian Global humanitarian

expenditure: 37.3% on expenditure: 37.3% on food, 18.5% multi-sectoral, food, 18.5% multi-sectoral, 8.4% health (OCHA, 2007)8.4% health (OCHA, 2007)

Emergency school feedingEmergency school feeding

Food provided either as Food provided either as cooked meal or supplement cooked meal or supplement in school/take home rationin school/take home ration

Reduce short-term hunger Reduce short-term hunger and micronutrient and micronutrient deficienciesdeficiencies

Reduce Reduce gender/geographical gender/geographical disparitydisparity

Contribute to HH food Contribute to HH food securitysecurity

Poorest children not at Poorest children not at school?school?

No schools in most greatly No schools in most greatly affected areas?affected areas?

Children (OVC) taking porridge at school, Zambia, 2005

Food for workFood for work

Wages not paid with Wages not paid with money but with food money but with food rations to build vital rations to build vital new infrastructure new infrastructure

Improve household Improve household food securityfood security

Create community Create community assetsassets

Need physically active Need physically active HH memberHH member

Anti-flooding operation in Congjin, N Korea that was supported by WFP in Food for Work programme in 2004.

Supplementary feeding Supplementary feeding programmesprogrammes

To reduce prevalence of mild To reduce prevalence of mild and moderate malnutrition and moderate malnutrition (>10% acute MN in (>10% acute MN in population)population)

Blended foods targeted at Blended foods targeted at children with mild and children with mild and moderate MNmoderate MN

‘‘Wet’ v ‘dry’Wet’ v ‘dry’ ‘‘Blanket’ v ‘targetedBlanket’ v ‘targeted

Basic medical careBasic medical care International standards: International standards:

Death<3%, recovered >75%, Death<3%, recovered >75%, defaulter <15%defaulter <15%

ENN/Save the Children UK ENN/Save the Children UK Review and ResearchReview and Research

Micronutrient fortification and Micronutrient fortification and supplementationsupplementation

Inclusion of nutrient-Inclusion of nutrient-rich foods, fresh food rich foods, fresh food items, fortified foods, items, fortified foods, increase ratio size to increase ratio size to encourage trade. encourage trade. Products for home Products for home fortification or nutrient fortification or nutrient supplements may be supplements may be used.used.

To prevent epidemics of To prevent epidemics of micronutrient deficiency micronutrient deficiency diseasedisease

Livelihood SupportLivelihood Support

Cash for work, cash Cash for work, cash grants, microfinance, grants, microfinance,

Advantages:Advantages: More rapid More rapid

implementationimplementation Less logisticsLess logistics Beneficiary choice of Beneficiary choice of

support meanssupport means Constraints:Constraints:

Need functioning Need functioning marketsmarkets

Voucher schemesVoucher schemes Milling vouchers, Action Contre la Faim, Dafur, 2008

Therapeutic careTherapeutic care

Therapeutic foods Therapeutic foods such as F75, F100 such as F75, F100 and Ready to Use and Ready to Use Therapeutic Foods Therapeutic Foods are provided to are provided to severely severely malnourishedmalnourished

Inpatient or Inpatient or outpatient careoutpatient care

Making F100. Tanzania, Field Exchange 32, 2008

Inpatient careInpatient care

MSF/Epicentre, Niger.Field Exchange 34, in press.

CTC/CMAMCTC/CMAM