Typhoid fever

Typhoid FeverBIO 1069/5/2012

Francisco Rodriguez

The Plague of Athens

History

Pericles

Source: Encyclopædia Britannica

Sparta

Mary Mallon (Typhoid Mary)

US – 1907

Source: PBS

What is Typhoid Fever?

Acute infectious disease affects 17 million people worldwide every year, with approximately 600,000 deaths

Serotype of the bacterium Salmonella typhi Enters the body through the mouth Contaminated food or water Penetrates intestinal wall Enters bloodstream in 24-72 hrs. Causes septicemia and systemic infection

Salmonella Typhi under the microscope

Headache Malaise Generalized aching Fever (103-104 <F) Loss of appetite Nosebleeds Cough Diarrhea Small rose-colored spots appear on the trunk Extremes emaciation and mental

disturbance

Symptoms10-14 day incubation period

25% are fatal cases Heart failure Pneumonia Osteomyelitis Encephalitis Meningitis Mental confusion and delirium

Complications

Diagnosed via blood culture, stool culture and serological testing.

Treated with antibiotics, specifically chloramphenicol

Diagnosis and Treatment

Areas at Risk

Typhoid bacteria can persist in the bile passages of patients for an indefinite period of time.

The risk is in travelers who leave industrialized zones for third world countries and return. (400 cases/year in the U.S.)

Warnings

typhoid fever (typhoid). (2006). In Dictionary of Microbiology & Molecular Biology. Retrieved from http://databases.mail.wvncc.edu:2055/entry/wileymicrob/typhoid_fever_typhoid

typhoid fever. (2012). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from http://databases.mail.wvncc.edu:2067/EBchecked/topic/611776/typhoid-fever

Papagrigorakis MJ, Yapijakis C, Synodinos PN, Baziotopoulou-Valavani E (2006). "DNA examination of ancient dental pulp incriminates typhoid fever as a probable cause of the Plague of Athens". Int J Infect Dis 10 (3): 206–214.

typhoid. (2009). In Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://databases.mail.wvncc.edu:2055/entry/ebconcise/typhoid

Resources

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=N54STudBsys

YouTube Video