types of washing machines

Types Of Washing Machines

Fabric and garment finishing

Submitted by:Anshul KhannaHimanshu AhlawatNitin KatochSabhyata Marwah

Submitted to:Ms. Ettishri rajput

What is a washing machine??

• A washing machine (laundry machine, clothes washer, or washer) is a machine generally to wash laundry. The term is mostly applied only to machines that use water as opposed to dry cleaning (which uses alternative cleaning fluids, and is performed by specialist businesses) or ultrasonic cleaners.

There are two types of washing machines:• Fabric washing machines• Garment washing machines

Fabric washing machines are used to wash fabrics to remove excess chemicals after dyeing and finishing processes. Types of fabric washing machines:– Open width washing machine– Rope washing machine– Ripple washing machine– Winch washing machine

Garment washing machines are used to wash fabrics in garment form. Types of garment washing machines– Top loaders– Side loaders– Washer extractors– Continuous batch washing machines

Garment washing• The technology which is

used to modify the appearance, outlook, fashion of the garments is called garment washing.

• Due to washing, shrinkage occurs in the garments. There is less possibility of further shrinkage of the washed garments.

• Any dirt, spot or other unwanted things if added in the garments during manufacturing are removed by washing.

Depending on the garment construction different washing processes are followed accordingly:• Twill/Canvas/Knitted/Corduroy - Normal

wash, Pigment wash, Caustic, Silica wash• Denim/Jeans/Gabardine - Enzyme wash,

Stone wash, Bleach wash , Acid wash• Grey fabric- Super white wash

Washing machines

Fabric Washing Machines

Open Width Washing Machines

Rope Washing Machines

Winch Washing Machines

Ripple Washing machines

Garment Washing Machines

Side loaders

Top Loaders

Washer Extractors

Continuous Batch

Washing Machines

There are four generic types of  washing machines.• top loaders• side loaders• washer-extractors • continuous batch washing machines(CBW)

Types Of Garment Washers

Top loaders

Top loaders are commercial washing machines such as those found in launderettes and are fitted with an agitator to provide the mechanical action (washing action).

Side Loaders

• The garments are taken out (usually manually) dripping wet from the machine, placed into trollies and hand loaded into hydro extractors. Side loading washing machines do not generally have a hydro extractor installed in them.

• From there the garments are loaded into trollies and either tumble dried or transported to the flatbed ironers or laundry presses.

• The machines are reliable, unsophisticated and can take a lot of abuse. Few of these machines are used for Third World situations. They are referred to, as the "donkeys" of the industry.

They are the most labour, energy, water and space consuming machines when compared to washer-extractors and CBW machines but require the minimum of skilled maintenance. They are generally used in medium sized laundries. They are available in models ranging from 2-140 kg dry weight per

machine.

Side loaders

Side loading washing machines is suitable for washing of garments, cotton & woollen sweaters. Denim/enzyme wash, bath mats dyeing and dyeing of knitted garments.

Washer Extractors

• Washer Extractor is a very efficient combination of conventional washing machines and hydro extractor.

• Washer extractors are horizontally rotating washing machines with a cylindrical cage rotating within an outer case. The cylindrical cage is perforated to permit the wash and rinse liquors to pass in and out of the cage and so come into contact with the washing load.

• As the name implies most of the washing from these machines does not require further hydro extracting.

• Garments can generally be taken directly to drying ironers.

• The various models take 10-300kg dry weight of washing per machine.

• Most washer-extractor machines are available with or without water recovery mechanisms.

• They consume less labour, energy, water and space than side loading machines but require more sophisticated maintenance skills than side loaders.

This is an extremely versatile machine that can be used in the garmenting as well as commercial laundry industries. Heavy Service Machine type used in stone washing and bleaching of Denim garments. It is also used in rinsing and enzyme washing operations.

Washer extractors

Continuous batch washing machines

• Continuous batch washing machines (CBW's) are, as the name implies, machines that process washing on a continuous basis. They are also known as“ Tunnel Washers”.

• These machines are only considered for large industries (600 kg dry weight washing per hour or more.) The washing can be separated by textile compatibility into batches with a continuous output of washing.

• In a CBW machine the garments moves through the unit from one separate compartment to the next. It spends the same times in each compartment, undergoing a succession of specific treatments, which together make up the total washing process.

• It is possible to control accurately the temperature, chemicals concentration and dip level in most compartments.

• The tube or tunnel cage is therefore divided into processing sections which conform to pre-wash, hot-wash and rinse zones, the work moving from pre-wash through the machine and out after rinsing.

• Movement of work is from the load end of the machine to the discharge point.

• Water flow is from the discharge point to the load end of the machine.

• These machines only operate with steam and as with the side loaders and washer-extractors that use steam, the cost of steam generation (either existing or new) has to be added to total cost. Steam is generally the best energy source for the large laundry that uses either washer extractors or CBW machines. 

• With regard to efficiency in terms of water, energy and labour, side loaders are the least efficient and CBW machines the most efficient.

• Where labour is plentiful but not necessarily efficient and where skilled maintenance is scarce, as is the case in many Third World situations, it may be expedient to use labour intensive sideloader machines.

Efficiency

Sample washing machines

These Garment washing and tumble dryer machines are used in sampling departments for garment washing & dyeing operations for samplings and collection works, also in defining the washing recipe before the bulk productions, also in R/D departments to work on new chemicals and washing techniques. First trial production can be done by these machines.

Fabric washing

• After a fabric has undergone several different treatments during textile finishing, impurities must be removed from it, extraction being a very commonly used method.

• There are different standard methods of processing depending on the form of the fabric, e.g. open width, rope or beam.

Open width washing machine

• Open width washing machine is one in which the fabric is washed in an open width form washing both face and back side of the fabric.

• Designed for tension-less washing of fabrics.• It mainly consists of a series of

compartments, each is fitted with a squeezing device and a series of guide rollers.

• The squeeze rollers consists of water jet which uniformly hits the full fabric width, thus cleaning the fabric.

• The machine may also contain blades at the surface of the liquor, which throw energetically on both sides of the fabric and exerting a thorough cleansing action.

Diagram of full-width washing machine

Ripple Washing machine

• A ripple washing machine is very suitable for delicate fabrics.

• The cloth slides down an inclined plane of glass to a travelling apron which moves more slowly than the speed at which the cloth is delivered.

• This produces small folds or ripples of fabric on the travelling apron. During the period in which fabric is on the apron, it is subjected to energetic water jets, thus providing a cleaning action .

Diagram of ripple washing machine

Winch Machine• It consists a vat containing

the wash liquor, and an elliptical winch or reel which is located horizontally above the vat.

• It generally consists of a driven winch extending across the full width of a vat equipped with a perforated partition for steam pipes.

• The winch may be circular or elliptical in shape; elliptical is often proffered on account of plaiting motion.

• The winch machine is very versatile in its uses. It can be used for dyeing as well as washing purposes.

Diagram of use of winch machine for washing by overflow

Rope- Washing Machines

• In rope-washing machines the fabric is washed in a rope form.

• They are available for linen and cotton cloths.

• Its major use was to conserve water and energy

Diagram of rope washing machine

Thank YOU